Relevant bibliographies by topics / Consolidation and merger of corporations

Academic literature on the topic 'Consolidation and merger of corporations'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Consolidation and merger of corporations"

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Kuzmin, Stanislav E. "Mergers and Acquisitions of Joint Stock Companies in Russia and Corporations in the US (legal regulation experience)." Moscow Journal of International Law 96, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2014-4-163-174.

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The procedure of merger and consolidation of joint stock companies in Russia is legislatively fi xed in the Federal law «On joint stock companies». In the United States in each state the rules on mergers are adopted within the Corporation laws. The greatest interest represents the law of the state of Delaware. This procedure includes three steps. In Russia at the fi rst stage the companies sign an agreement on merger or consolidation, and in the state of Delaware, the fi rst step is the adoption by the Board of Directors of each participating corporation of a decision on approval of the agreement on merger or consolidation. At the second stage the boards of Directors of Russian joint stock companies bring to the decision of the General meeting of each participating company, the question of reorganization, on approval of the agreement on the merger. In the state of Delaware at the second stage of the General meeting of shareholders should approve or reject the transaction of merger or accession. The third stage both in Russia and in the state of Delaware, is registration of a new joint stock company, corporation, or registration of changes in society, corporation, in which another one has merged.
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Nandy, Debaprosanna, and Manas Kr Baidya. "Efficiency Study on Proposed Merger Plan of State Bank of India (SBI) and its Subsidiaries." International Journal of Productivity Management and Assessment Technologies 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpmat.2012010101.

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The Banking industry is undergoing unprecedented changes driven by consolidation through mergers and acquisitions all over the world. India is no exception. Merger of State Bank of India (SBI) and its subsidiary banks have been for several years, and SBI has already merged State Bank of Saurashtra (2008) and State Bank of Indore (2010) with itself. SBI management proposes to merge its five remaining subsidiaries within the next two fiscal years. The present paper measures and examines technical efficiency of SBI and its subsidiaries before and after their hypothetical merger. The study has utilized the two basic DEA models – CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) and BCC (Bankers, Charnes and Cooper) to measure technical efficiencies of selected major Indian commercial banks before and after merger of SBI and its associates for the financial year 2009-10.The results reveal that the merger proposal of SBI associates may bring in fully technical efficiency but not fully scale efficiency of the merged entity. In order to be fully technical and scale efficient, merged SBI has to reduce its present number of employees substantially and should follow the prudent operating practices of three peer banks namely Corporation Bank, Axis Bank and Federal Bank.
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Shcherbakova, Nataliia. "Comparative legal analysis of processes of merger and accession of economic organizations in national and foreign legislation (EU, UK, USA)." ScienceRise: Juridical Science, no. 2(24) (June 30, 2023): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2023.283562.

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Taking into account Provisions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU in the field of legislation on companies and corporate governance, which leads to the regulation of the activities of corporations, in particular the regulation of the processes of reorganization of economic organizations at the national level to the requirements of international standards and a gradual rapprochement with the rules and recommendations of the EU, a comparative legal research of the process of merger and accession of economic organizations today seems necessary and actual. It is distinguished, general and distinctive qualifying signs of merger and accession of economic organizations, which will be used to improve the concepts provided to these processes. It is substantiated that mergers and accessions are independent forms of reorganization of economic organizations. The comparative legal analysis of legislation of Ukraine with the legislation of the EU, the Member States of the EU (Belgium, Germany, France), Great Britain and the USA on the issues of reorganization in the form of merger and accession is provided and the following main conclusions are made: in the legislation of the EU and in the legislation of the EU Member States there are two ways of merging: (1) “merger by acquisition”/ “merger to an existing company” and (2) “merger by the formation of a new company”/ “merger to a new company”, which in its essence corresponds to such domestic forms of reorganization as “accession” and “merger”, accordingly; in the legislation of the EU, Great Britain, as well as EU member states, such a category as “accession” is not allocated as an independent legal form of reorganization of the company, but is considered as a kind of “merger” category; in US Law, merger processes of two or more corporations are indicated by terms such as “merger” and “consolidation”; US Tax Law applies the concept of “corporate reorganization”, which has 7 types of reorganizations (A-G), among which there are one of the types – a type A “statutory merger or consolidation”, which in its essence corresponds to the processes of merger and accession, which is inherent in domestic legislation; in the legislation of foreign countries, the concepts of “merger”, “consolidation”, “amalgamation”, “acquisition”, “takeover” are similar to each other; in economic essence relate to the forms of business consolidation; act as an instrument to increase the competitiveness of the company; from a legal point of view differ from each other – according to the procedure; in the legislation and practice of foreign countries, the variety of processes such as “merger”, “consolidation”, “amalgamation”, “acquisition”, “takeover” is covered by a single economic and legal phenomenon, as “Merger and Acquisition” or M&A, which by the legal nature of the concluded agreements is much wider than such domestic forms of reorganization of economic organizations as “merger” and “accession” and is not always accompanied by the implementation of reorganization process
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Woodall, Patrick, and Tyler L. Shannon. "Monopoly Power Corrodes Choice and Resiliency in the Food System." Antitrust Bulletin 63, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 198–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x18770063.

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The wave of mega-mergers sweeping the food, agribusiness, and retail grocery industry from seed to supermarket has accelerated consolidation and concentrated market power in the hands of only a few dominant corporations. Federal regulators have done little to curb the merger mania in these sectors, which will ultimately lower the prices farmers receive for crops and livestock and raise the prices consumers pay for food. But the consolidation also has significantly constrained the range of choices consumers have at the supermarket, prevented independent food innovators from surviving in the marketplace, amplified food safety problems, and presented challenges to the resiliency of the food system itself. This article examines the size, scale, and scope of recent mergers in the food, agribusiness, and grocery retail sectors and discusses the ramifications for consumers, farmers, and the food system.
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Szezepaniak, Angelika Kedzierska. "Mergers and Acquisitions in CEE Countries." Review of Business and Legal Sciences, no. 14 (July 19, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26537/rebules.v0i14.918.

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The world market economy is currently characterized by the tendency to globalization, which means that companies have to cooperate and tighten their relations. Companies working on the local market do not have many possibilities for development, so mergers and acquisitions (M&A also called consolidations or takeovers) can be a chance for them to cooperate with companies from all over the world. Consolidations (M&A) concern the aspect of management, corporate finance and corporate strategy dealing with buying, selling and merging of different companies. The main goal of mergers and acquisitions is usually an improvement of company performance and shareholder value over a long period of time. Mergers and acquisitions are similar corporate actions - they combine two previously separate companies into a single legal entity. In some cases, terming the combination a "merger" rather than an acquisition is done purely for political or marketing reasons. In a merger of two corporations, the shareholders usually have their shares in the old company exchanged for an equal number of shares in the merged entity.
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Kostruba, Anatoliy. "Integrated Structures of Corporations: Ukrainian Legal Reality." Teisė 124 (September 28, 2022): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2022.124.10.

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The article is devoted to the study of legal nature of the mechanism for association of legal entities. Such associations of legal entities are realized in order to attract not only capital and other production resources, including labor, but also in order to satisfy nonproperty interests.Legal capacity of legal entities in the process of their merger is analyzed, based on what – statutory or contractual – association of corporations is determined. The statutory association does not lead to the creation of another fiction other than a legal entity, due to which it is ensured through its inherent organizational legal forms. The contractual association does not require the formation of a new legal entity (concern, consortium, association (union), syndicate, conglomerate, cartel, pool).In the event of such consolidation of legal entities, the contractual structure of a simple company or other joint activity is formed, formally close to such person at law as a legal entity. The difference between the above procedure of merging from the first option lies in the degree of autonomy of the members from each other, as well as in the expected result of such merger.
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Kahle, Kathleen M., and René M. Stulz. "Is the US Public Corporation in Trouble?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 31, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.3.67.

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We examine the current state of the US public corporation and how it has evolved over the last 40 years. After falling by 50 percent since its peak in 1997, the number of public corporations is now smaller than 40 years ago. These corporations are now much larger and over the last twenty years have become much older; they invest differently, as the average firm invests more in R&D than it spends on capital expenditures; and compared to the 1990s, the ratio of investment to assets is lower, especially for large firms. Public firms have record high cash holdings and, in most recent years, the average firm has more cash than long-term debt. Measuring profitability by the ratio of earnings to assets, the average firm is less profitable, but that is driven by smaller firms. Earnings of public firms have become more concentrated—the top 200 firms in profits earn as much as all public firms combined. Firms' total payouts to shareholders as a percent of earnings are at record levels. Possible explanations for the current state of the public corporation include a decrease in the net benefits of being a public company, changes in financial intermediation, technological change, globalization, and consolidation through mergers.
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Best, Michael H. "Organizing America: Wealth, Power, and the Origins of Corporate Capitalism. By Charles Perrow. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002. Pp. ix, 259. $34.95." Journal of Economic History 63, no. 1 (March 2003): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050703461809.

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Charles Perrow is interested in big organizations and how they shape communities, the distribution of wealth, power and income, and working lives. Today, organizations with over 500 employees employ more than half the working population in the United States. There were no such organizations in 1800. Referring to William Roy (Socializing Capital: The Rise of Large Industrial Corporations in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997) and Naomi Lamoreaux (The Great Merger Movement in American Business, 1895–1904. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985) Perrow argues that corporate capitalism was entrenched in five short years (1898–1903) during which more than half the book value of all manufacturing capital was incorporated. The firms were made giant by consolidating the assets of several firms in the same industry.
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Hlushchenko, Ya, O. Korohodova, T. Moiseienko, O. Sosnovska, and N. Chernenko. "THE BANKING SECTOR CAPITAL CONSOLIDATION FACTORS IN INDUSTRY 4.0 AND COVID-19 CONDITIONS." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 3, no. 38 (June 30, 2021): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v3i38.237414.

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Abstract. The paper is devoted to examination of consolidation factors in the banking sector in the context of Industry 4.0 and the complex global conditions associated with the global pandemic caused by COVID-19. The authors determine that the processes of consolidation in the banking sector were especially intensified in the XX century. The impetuses for this were namely the consolidation of industrial capital and expanding capacity of global markets, the growth of multinational corporations, the need to increase market capitalization of banks to expand lending capacity, increasing competition in the global banking market. The correspondence of banking sector development stages to the waves of «mergers and acquisitions» and «industrial revolutions» (Industry 1.0 — 4.0) was established during the research. It is substantiated that the influence of Industry 4.0 in the COVID-19 era provides opportunity to expect further growth in both the number and value of transactions in the banking sector. Examining the processes of banks consolidation in the global transformation of economic development, the authors found out that the main factors of Industry 4.0 and the COVID-19 pandemic influencing mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector are the following ones: impact of technology, introduction of artificial intelligence in customer service virtual banking and subordination of the goals of banking institutions to public values. The authors note that in the conditions of intensification of modern globalization processes, scientific and technological progress there is a negative impact of crisis phenomena on achieving the desired economic result, so considering the peculiarities of consolidation in the banking sector it is useful to take into account a number of current economic dynamics factors that will depend on the quality of economic situation assessment at different time intervals. The article considered numerous methodological approaches to assessing the factors influencing economic processes, which differ in the quality of information support, algorithms and mathematical complexity. Methodical tools are defined by the authors as a direction of further research. As a result of the research, the authors established that in order to understand the success of the consolidation process of bank capital, it is necessary to have a certain criterion that can demonstrate the degree of adaptation of the banking sector to the current economic environment. The obtained results indicate that it is system efficiency that should be chosen as such a criterion. The authors believe that in the modern technological way, the current concept of managing the activities of economic entities will be the «management of efficiency indicator», and not the management of the business as a whole or its individual business processes. Keywords: banking sector, consolidation, COVID-19, Industry 4.0, industrial development, mergers and acquisitions. JEL Classification G21, G32, G34, O14, O16 Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 24.
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Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez, Maria, and Juan Fernando Velez-Ocampo. "Targeting one’s own region: internationalisation trends of Colombian multinational companies." European Business Review 26, no. 6 (October 7, 2014): 531–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-03-2013-0056.

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Purpose – This paper aims to provide an examination of the ongoing internationalisation processes undertaken by 30 major multinational Colombian-owned firms. It also presents a theoretical overview and a conceptual framework for the understanding of internationalisation patterns from emerging countries’ multinational enterprises. Design/methodology/approach – This study is built based both on the results collected from comparative case studies based in the literature and empirical observations of Colombia’s patterns. This study observed the evolution in terms of commitment and investment decisions that 30 major Colombian companies have undergone specially within the past decade. Findings – Although, it was found that direct exports is the widespread entry mode of Colombian companies to foreign markets, most of the observed firms preferred the consolidation in host markets through Mergers & Acquisitions instead of using Greenfield investments or joint ventures. These observations might suggest similarities with the process of internationalisation of Asian tigers multinationals, which means that they are consolidating their internationalisation process based on their learning, linkages and leverages capabilities. Furthermore, Colombian companies are following the internationalisation pattern of other multilatinas. These companies have first explorer natural markets for them; in other words, they have first attempt to be established in markets that share psychic features, and similar institutional environments, as psychic and physical proximity reduces risk and facilitates foreseen return of investments, and therefore long-term capital accumulation. Research limitations/implications – This study has some limitations that suggest further research. First, although the observed firms share one main characteristic: being Colombian-owned multinationals, they belong to diverse fields, so this might pose difficultly for the creation of a framework that explains other multinationals drivers to internationalise. A second limitation is that this analysis does not deepen into the internationalisation patterns of multilatinas from countries other than Colombia; this leaves room for further research questions that might deal with the issue of analysing advantages and disadvantages in the internationalisation process of developing country multinational corporations (DCMCs). A third limitation is that this study does not have a longitudinal approach, so this paper does not intent to provide definitive information about cause-and-effect relationship regarding the drivers for DCMCs to internationalize, instead, this study is intended to provide an analysis of the outward foreign direct investment decisions of Colombian multinational firms. Practical implications – There is limited research based on primary data on accessing the internationalisation process of Colombian multinational companies. This paper offers a research framework and results which could be replicated in other Developing Country Multinational Corporation (DCMNC), and could also be studied longitudinally. This study includes relevant information on the drivers for international expansion, market selection, perceived obstacles, entry modes and consolidation in host markets via acquisitions that could possibly support managerial decisions. Originality/value – There is limited research based on primary data on accessing the process of internationalisation of Colombian multinational companies. This paper offers research framework and results which could be replicated in other DCMNC, and also could be longitudinally studied. This study includes relevant information on the drivers for international expansion, market selection, perceived obstacles, entry modes and consolidation in host markets via acquisitions that could eventually support managerial decisions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consolidation and merger of corporations"

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Wübben, Bernd. "German mergers & acquisitions in the USA transaction management and success /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8350-9469-7.

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Alford, Wayne Stanley. "The firm, take-overs, and directors' duties : a theory of the firm and the duties imposed by law and the directors of an offeree corporation /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22699.pdf.

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De, Gooijer Jinette. "The murder in merger developmental processes of a corporate merger and the struggle between life and death impulses /." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070216.104601/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) -- Swinburne University of Technology, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, 2006.
Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy - Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 251-263).
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Zhang, Lusong. "Regulation of foreign mergers and acquisitions involving listed companies in the People's Republic of China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37190507.

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Wubben, Bernd. "German mergers & acquisitions in the USA transaction management and success /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2006. https://www.lib.umn.edu/slog.phtml?url=http://www.myilibrary.com?id=134436.

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Wübben, Bernd. "German mergers & acquisitions in the USA : transaction management and success /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2006. http://www.myilibrary.com?id=134436.

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Wong, Lai-kuen. "The effect of mergers and acquisitions announcement on the security prices of bidding firms in Asia." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21326587.

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McWilliams, Abagail. "The consolidation of American industry : a new perspective on the trust era." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262702190.

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Frensch, Florian. "The social side of mergers and acquisitions cooperation relationships after mergers and acquisitions /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8350-9576-2.

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Frensch, Florian. "The social side of mergers and acquisitions cooperation relationships after mergers and acquisitions /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2006. http://www.myilibrary.com?id=134447.

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Books on the topic "Consolidation and merger of corporations"

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James, Fairburn, and Kay J. A, eds. Mergers and merger policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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Dawson, Edward J. Closing merger transactions. Dallas, Tex: Resources Unlimited Corp., 1985.

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van, Gerven Gerwin, Kinsella Stephen, and European Economic Commission, eds. EEC merger control reporter. Deventer: Kluwer Law And Taxation Publishers, 1991.

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Parker, Jonathan. UK merger control. Edited by Majumdar Adrian and Pritchard Simon. Oxford: Hart Pub., 2011.

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Gorton, Gary. Eat or be eaten: A theory of mergers and merger waves. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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1964-, Bishop Matthew, and Kay J. A, eds. European mergers and merger policy. New York, N.Y: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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Kerse, C. S. (Christopher Stephen), ed. EC merger control. 5th ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell/Thomson Reuters, 2009.

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S, Kerse C., ed. E.C. merger control. 3rd ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2000.

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S, Kerse C., and Cook C. J, eds. E.C. merger control. 2nd ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1996.

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Post, Alexandra Merle. Anatomy of a merger: The causes and effects of mergers and acquisitions. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Consolidation and merger of corporations"

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Chan, B. "Risk Assessment of Merger, Acquisition, and Consolidation of Financial Services." In Insurance and Risk Theory, 401–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4620-0_28.

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Wang, Fengrong. "Government Competition and Conglomerate Merger: Performance Extension Studies from the Perspective of Life Cycle Theory." In M&A and Corporate Consolidation, 405–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6675-2_7.

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Polglase, Tim. "Globalisation and Implications for Cross-border Regulation." In Regulation And Deregulation, 355–66. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198268819.003.0021.

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Abstract It is dear that the pace of consolidation in international banking and financial services is quickening. 1997 saw the mergers of Morgan Stanley with Dean Witter, Salomon with Smith Barney and Bankers Trust with Alex Brown in the US and Union Bank of Switzerland with Swiss Bank Corporation in Europe. In the current year we have already seen the announcement of three “mega “ US mergers: BankAmerica with NationsBank (US$133 billion), First Chicago with Banc One (US$72 billion) and Citicorp with Travelers, the parent of the merged Salomon Smith Barney (US$140 billion). This last merger will create America ‘s largest and most diversified financial services company, although the (in)famous US Glass-Steagall Act will require to be amended to permit the merger of a bank with an insurance company, failing which the group ‘s insurance operations will have to be spun off within 5 years. So what are the reasons for this consolidation? The mergers of BankAmerica with NationsBank and First Chicago with Banc One, while different in scale terms from what has gone before, can be seen as merely a continuation of the merger process which has been underway in the US since interstate banking restrictions were lifted in 1994 (thereby allowing banks to establish branches across state borders). Partly as a result of the removal of these restrictions, the number of banks in the US has shrunk from approximately 14,500 ten years ago to 9,000 at the present.
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Peter, Sester. "6 Mergers & Acquisitions and Merger Control." In Business and Investment in Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192848123.003.0006.

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This chapter on mergers and acquisitions (hereinafter M&A) is divided into four parts: acquisition of privately held corporations (private M&A), mergers by corporate reorganization, acquisition of publicly held corporations (public M&A), and merger control. The focus is on M&A because merger control is, in principle, very similar to US and EU antitrust or competition law and therefore only some distinct features of it will be discussed. The part on private M&A will provide an in-depth analysis of share purchase agreements, while the part on public M&A will mainly discuss the conflict between minority and controlling shareholders. The chapter will also present the different standard forms of corporate reorganization, such as merger by absorption, triangle merger, division (spin-off and split-up), and transformation (change of legal form). Thereby, comparison with US law and practice will be important.
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"Chapter II. Navigational Servitudes: Transmittal, Consolidation & Merger." In Navigational Servitudes, 49–95. Brill | Nijhoff, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004161559.i-412.12.

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Brooker, Paul, and Margaret Hayward. "Leaders Rationally Redeveloping Corporations." In Rational Leadership, 183–202. 2nd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198894643.003.0010.

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Abstract This is an introduction to the chapters of Part II, where the focus is shifting to a special form of development: remedial renewal of a corporation by redevelopment. A successful redevelopment solves the problems of a troubled, stagnating, or declining corporation and gives it a bright new future—perhaps even iconic status. Rational redeveloping leaders use specialized rational means, namely a ‘tool kit’ of five change-making organizational processes. They are cultural or structural transformation, a diversifying or prioritizing reorientation of the product range, and a hybridizing merger with another company. The appropriate tools are discerningly selected and capably used by rational leaders. Five classic cases of this rational redeveloping will be presented in the Part II chapters, including autobiographical leader’s-eye views. The remainder of this chapter illustrates the use of individual redeveloping tools. Satya Nadella is shown culturally transforming Microsoft, Risto Siilasmaa prioritizing Nokia’s product range, and Carly Fiorina hybridizing Hewlett-Packard.
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"Explaining the Bank Merger Wave." In The Bank Merger Wave: The Economic Causes and Social Consequences of Financial Consolidation, 72–95. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315292458-11.

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Ioannis, Kokkoris. "Public Interest Assessment and the Surface Transportation Board (STB)." In Public Interest Considerations in US Merger Control. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-ocl/9780192864451.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses the overlap in the jurisdictions of the Department of Justice (DOJ), the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and the Surface Transportation Board (STB) on mergers and acquisition (M&A) transactions. The chapter discusses the relevant legislation for the railroad industry and the composition and process before the STB. It also discusses the enforcement record of the STB and the assessment of the public interest test in assessing M&A transactions in the sector, trying to identify areas of convergence and divergence with the FTC/DOJ. The chapter focuses on the consolidation in the railroad industry to exemplify the tensions created by this concurrent jurisdiction. The chapter claims that the public interest standard has been used to promote railway consolidation and to protect the industry from other forms of competition. It further notes that the competition concerns expressed by the antitrust authorities have repeatedly been ignored. The analysis of some seminal cases shows that the benefits of such consolidation as alleged by the merging parties usually go uncontested and that the courts are deferential to the decisions made by the regulator. The chapter concludes that the public interest standard has put the protection of competition in the railway sector at the discretion of the regulator.
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Longman, Dihema. "A Self-Identified Afro-Caribbean Woman Making It Through a US Higher Education Consolidation Process." In Cases on Servant Leadership and Equity, 95–111. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5812-9.ch006.

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Academic consolidations or mergers in higher education institutions have been on the rise. Addressing the human aspect of academic mergers requires delicate attention. However, the unappreciated side of mergers is often the people who deal with the aftermath of the process. Using autoethnography, the author reflects on a recent merger between a community college and a research institute and the author's experience of the lack of attention to the human factor and discusses the value of communicating during higher academic consolidation and merger change processes.
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Ioannis, Kokkoris. "Public Interest Assessment and the Department of Transportation (DOT)." In Public Interest Considerations in US Merger Control. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-ocl/9780192864451.003.0007.

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This chapter explores the merger review process under the public interest standard in the airline industry. The chapter starts with a discussion of the composition of the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the relevant regulatory framework before discussing some of the seminal case law that shows the approach the DOT takes in applying its assessment test and how this approach compares with the one the DOJ takes pursuant to its competition standard. The chapter discusses some implications that arise from assessing the role and practice of the regulator and how that compares and contrasts with the competition authority. The chapter argues that the regulator has been overly tolerant of consolidation activity. The chapter explains that a major factor that contributes to this tendency is the assessment approach applied by the DOT, according to which merging parties need to demonstrate that a merger would not be anti-competitive, rather than the DOT assessing the transaction and the evidence before it in assessing the competition harm arising from the consolidation. As this burden of proof is difficult to satisfy, almost all transactions proceed unchallenged. The chapter also portrays how the competition concerns expressed by the antitrust authority are often ignored, having to defer to the regulator for the final decision.
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Conference papers on the topic "Consolidation and merger of corporations"

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Huang, Ziyu, and Xiaojiao Ye. "Analysis of Merger a Acquisitions Motivation and Post Performance of Internet Corporations in ChinammA Case Study of Youku Merger with Tudou." In 3rd International Symposium on Asian B&R Conference on International Business Cooperation (ISBCD 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isbcd-18.2018.27.

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Len, Przemysław. "The Ranking Destination Areas for Land Consolidation Works, due to the Size Checkerboard Land on the Example of Białaczów." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.213.

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The aim of this paper was to analyze the degree of fragmentation of the checkerboard of land ownership to determine a priority ranking of areas intended for land consolidation in the commune of Białaczów, the Łódz Province (Voivodeship). For a village to be qualified for land consolidation, according to the Act of 26 March 1982 on the Consolidation and Exchange of Land (Official Journal of Laws of 2003, no 178, item 1749, as amended), more than 50% of land owner signatures have to be obtained. On the other hand, the guiding principle for the qualification of a village for a land merger, within the framework of a consolidation program, is that the highest percentage of owners accede to the program. A common obstacle to collecting signatures from landowners is that some of them live outside the village concerned (non-resident owners). The aim of this article was to identify those villages in which land consolidation was an urgent priority.
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Fauzan, Itsnanta Muhammad, and Dadang Gunawan. "Network Consolidation Challenges After MNO-1 & MNO-2 Merger and Strategy for Operational Excellence in Indonesia Using DIAMON." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Industry 4.0, Artificial Intelligence, and Communications Technology (IAICT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iaict59002.2023.10205624.

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Lutz, Andrew R., John Godfrey, Clifford Maier, Pamela Moreno, and Tara McMahan. "A Practical Approach for Updating and Improving Integrity Management Process Documents." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64589.

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Pipeline operators of both hazardous liquid and gas pipelines occasionally need to update and improve the process documents within their integrity management programs (e.g. written integrity management plan, risk methodology, etc.). Typically these needs arise in the spirit of continuous improvement (e.g. internal audit findings), or following a large merger or acquisition that requires version consolidation for one or more integrity management process documents. The authors have identified essential elements that provide a proven approach for successfully updating and improving integrity management process documents, including: 1. Gap Analysis 2. Gap Filling with Stakeholder Involvement 3. Implementation Plan DNV GL has found these elements can be applied effectively to small scale (e.g. an update of an operator’s in-line inspection process) and large scale updates (e.g. concurrently updating the entire set of integrity management program process documents). After identifying the process documents for updating, the first element is a gap analysis to identify gaps related to compliance and industry standard practices. The gap analysis may also identify inconsistencies between multiple legacy documents (which is often the case after a merger). The next element is to fill each of the gaps and resolve each of the inconsistencies identified during the gap analysis. The primary stakeholders for the target process(es) should provide input to this step. Significant changes require increased stakeholder involvement and buy-in. Gap filling concludes with creating revised (or new) integrity management process document(s). The last element is implementation of the revised (or new) integrity management process document(s). The revised (or new) integrity management process(es) may require the operator to add resources or new expertise to their organization. The implementation plan will identify potential additional resources and/or training requirements. The implementation plan will also identify benchmarks and goals to allow the operator to effectively monitor the implementation of the revised (or new) process and ensure it achieves the intended results. The following paper explains in detail how to execute each element and provides examples of supporting work materials to efficiently create effective and compliant integrity management process documents.
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Paz, Margarida. "A produção e o consumo na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa: novas geografias e reconfiguração urbana ao longo da EN10." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5971.

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As transformações que afectaram a economia mundial a partir de meados dos anos 70 têm conduzido a uma nova geografia na distribuição espacial de actividades e emprego, sobretudo nas sociedades ocidentais (FONT & VESCLIR). Este tem sido um tema de debate em que são apresentados argumentos que relacionam os processos de globalização e de crescente regionalização da estrutura produtiva, com as dinâmicas urbanas em curso. (ASCHER, VELTZ, SASSEN). Na transição do modelo de cidade industrial, ou "fordista", para "pós-fordista", a estrutura - antes compacta, contínua e funcionalmente dependente das redes de transportes colectivos - reconfigura-se, dando lugar uma estrutura urbana descontínua, fragmentada. À semelhança do que sucede noutras regiões urbanas, como Barcelona (FONT & LORENA, 2007), as mais recentes paisagens construídas no território metropolitano de Lisboa evidenciam uma crescente polarização, com o surgimento e progressiva consolidação de novos padrões locativos de actividades e de áreas funcionalmente especializadas. A envolvente à Estrada Nacional 10 (EN10), até algumas décadas particularmente marcada pela indústria pesada, evidencia a reconfiguração territorial com alterações de uso e de forma, depois de um processo de desindustrialização que levou inicialmente à reconversão de anteriores zonas industriais em armazéns e posteriormente à substituição por complexos logísticos de cadeias internacionais ou por novas áreas de consumo. A especialização funcional e polarização estão inter-relacionadas com a melhor conexão à rede metropolitana de estradas de alta velocidade onde a EN10 possui uma ligação cada vez mais complexa. The changes that have impacted on the world economy from the 70’s onwards have led to e new geography of the special distribution of activities and employment, above all in the western society (FONT & VESCLIR). The relationship between the processes of growing globalization and increased regionalization of the productive structure and the current urban dynamics has brought into this debate (ASCHER, VELTZ, SASSEN). Some authors argue that we are faced with a new urban cycle and a new type of city, decentralized and consistent with the social, economic, technological and cultural processes normally associated to the process of metropolisation (INDOVINA, SECCHI, PORTAS, DOMINGUES). In the transition from the industrial or “fordist “city to the “post-fordist” city the structure (that was previously compact, continuous de functionally dependent on the public transport networks) is reconfigured and replaced by a discontinuous and scattered urban pattern. As in other urban areas, as Barcelona (FONT & VECSLIR, 2007), the most recent landscapes built in Lisbon metropolitan territory shows a growing polarization, with the emergence and gradual consolidation of new standards activities, functionally specialized. In the 70’s the EN10 area was characterized by heavy shipyards, steel and chemical industry. The deindustrialization process led to abandonment but also to the conversion of former industry into residential areas, warehouses and logistical infrastructures, some recently replaced by multinational corporations or new specialized commercial areas. The polarized and functional specialization feature is interrelated with the improved connection to the metropolitan network of high-speed roads where the EN10 upholds an increasingly complex connection.
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Reports on the topic "Consolidation and merger of corporations"

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Calomiris, Charles, and Thanavut Pornrojnangkool. Monopoly-Creating Bank Consolidation? The Merger of Fleet and BankBoston. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11351.

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Wollmann, Thomas. How to Get Away with Merger: Stealth Consolidation and Its Real Effects on US Healthcare. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27274.

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Sembler, Jose Ignacio, Regina Legarreta, Ernesto Cuestas, Roni Szwedzki, Sumiko Andrade Sakaguchi, Damian Galinsky, Fernando Barbosa, et al. Approach Paper: Evaluation of IDB Invest. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004463.

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This approach paper defines the objectives, scope, and methodology for the evaluation of IDB Invest by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE). At the 2015 annual meeting in Busan, the Boards of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC) decided to consolidate the IDB Group's private sector operations into the IIC. This decision was accompanied by a US$2.03 billion capital increase for the IIC over a 10-year period (2016-2025). This process of consolidation and capitalization, known as the private sector merge-out, took effect on 1 January 2016. In 2017, OVE completed a midterm review of implementation of the private sector merge-out to identify emerging lessons that might be helpful in completing the merge-out. In November 2017, the IIC was rebranded as IDB Invest. At the request of the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest, this evaluation was included in OVE's 2021-2022 work program. The Busan Resolution set forth a “Renewed Vision” for promoting development through the private sector. This Renewed Vision provides a long-term framework (2016-2025) for IDB Invest and focuses on strengthening development effectiveness, development impact, and additionality of operations, as well as maximizing the efficient use of resources and synergies between the IDB Group's public and private sector activities. The merge-out was selected as the way to implement this Renewed Vision. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 health crisis, as well as current discussions on the need to pursue a new business model for the institution and its financial and operational implications, make this an ideal moment to take stock of lessons learned and provide input for future discussions at the corporate level. Against this backdrop, this evaluation seeks to report independently to the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest on the effectiveness of the implementation to date of the Renewed Vision that gave rise to the creation of IDB Invest. This evaluation will also use the findings of OVE's 2017 midterm review of implementation of the merge-out to further analyze areas that had not yet matured at that time (e.g., finance, operations management, development effectiveness, etc.). The evaluation will cover the period from January 2016 (when the merge-out took effect) to December 2021.
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Sembler, Jose Ignacio, Ernesto Cuestas, Roni Szwedzki, Sumiko Andrade Sakaguchi, Damian Galinsky, Fernando Barbosa, Diego Del Pilar, et al. Corporate Evaluation: Evaluation of IDB Invest. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005014.

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At the 2015 annual meeting in Busan, the Boards of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC) decided to consolidate the IDB Group's private-sector operations into the IIC. This process of consolidation and capitalization, known as the private sector merge-out, took effect on 1 January 2016. The Busan Resolution set forth a “Renewed Vision” for promoting development in the region through the private sector. This Renewed Vision provides a long-term framework (2016-2025) for IDB Invest and focuses on the objectives of: (i) strengthening effectiveness and additionality; (ii) maximizing synergies between the public and private sectors; and (iii) maximizing the efficient use of resources and ensuring long-term financial sustainability. This evaluation seeks to independently assess and report on the effectiveness of the implementation to date of the Renewed Vision, aimed at promoting development in the region through the private sector. Specifically, the general question that the evaluation aims to answer is the following: To what extent is IDB Invest on its way to achieving the end objectives set out in the Renewed Vision? To that end, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) used a combination of complementary methods, including a review of strategic and corporate documents, financial and portfolio analyses, interviews and surveys, and documentary analyses of a sample of operations. This evaluation covers the 2016-2021 period and uses as reference the findings in OVE's 2017 midterm review of implementation of the merge-out to further analyze areas that had not yet matured at that time. The evaluation was also guided by a reference framework that linked the objectives of the Renewed Vision to the main activities and initiatives undertaken thus far to help achieve those objectives.
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MacDonald, James M. (James Michael), Xiao Dong, and Keith Owen Fuglie. Concentration and competition in U.S. agribusiness. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8054022.ers.

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This report details issues surrounding market concentration in agribusiness, particularly in three agribusiness sectors where concentration has increased over time: seeds, meatpacking, and food retail. Market concentration and its impact on competition have attracted growing public scrutiny. Critics argue that many industries have grown too concentrated, with fewer firms competing with one another and a consequent weakening of competition. The report covers the consolidation in each of these industries, explains the driving forces behind increased concentration, and examines public policies aimed at encouraging competition, focusing on the implementation of merger policy.
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