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1
Twyford, John. "The doctrine of consideration the role of consideration in contract modifications /." Sydney : University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Law, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/286.
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Wilson, Lawrence. "Individualized Consideration: Poverty Countermeasure." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/81.
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Despite more than $1 trillion spent annually on poverty remediation, impoverishment in the United States persists unabated. With a U.S. poverty rate greater than 10% for more than 4 decades, economics are neither poverty's cause nor cure. As such, non-economic poverty remedies require exploration and expansion. Linking greater leadership and poverty theories, this non-experimental, cross sectional, quantitative, survey-based research effort correlated individualized consideration's (IC) practice with collegiate athlete graduation rates in order to identify and isolate possible leadership based social poverty remediation measures. Leveraging a two-stage random sample, this research effort correlated student athlete Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire (form 5X) responses with educational attainment. An ANOVA of 210 participants (rs = .77) indicated a strong correlation between IC practice and athlete matriculation rates. Strong correlational relationships indicate transformative leadership may serve to advance educational attainment and power poverty remediation. Results further suggest developmental leader actions (rs = .68) were significantly more integral to follower progression than supportive leadership behaviors (rs = .37). Research effort findings offer comprehensive individual, communal, institutional, and societal modification opportunity while promising advancement for society's most disadvantaged members. Finally and most importantly, this research supports positive social change through human forward progression, improving life-conditions for society's most disadvantaged members.
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Zvolanek, Larry G. "Formalistic consideration of artistic elements." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9894.
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Huxley, Michael. "Modern dance : a historical consideration." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/14170.
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This thesis presents a selection of my published works and an accompanying exposition to demonstrate my sustained, substantial, continuous and coherent research and how it has made an original contribution to the field of dance history. The nine selected published works—Volume 2—written over the course of three decades, consider modern dance between 1900 and 1945 and how its historical study illuminates this significant period. All these writings made contributions to dance history that were original in their time. My first publication helped to define the field of dance history. My most recent one has taken an innovative approach to modern dance, informed by my developed understanding of the idea of dance history. The exposition—volume 1— examines my ideas of dance history. It does so by placing my writings within the context of the development of dance history as a field, especially in the UK. It goes further by considering this development within the broader context of the development of history as a discipline, both philosophically and practically. This contextualisation is then used to reflect further on my writings and their original contributions to dance historiography. I conclude with a reconsideration of the idea of dance history.
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Barbour, Yael. "Fresh blood, a consideration of belonging." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0011/MQ29141.pdf.
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Krebs, Thomas. "Failure of consideration : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264584.
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Ocholi, Eleojo E. "Web engine for investigating consumer consideration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53176.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38).
Today consumers are presented with a plethora of products each time they want to make a purchase. Sometimes they have up to thousands of options and configurations to pick from and yet many consumers are shown to initially screen this size to create a more manageable set to truly consider in an in-depth way. Companies today are looking for ways to ensure that their products make it into the smaller consideration sets of consumers in order to increase the probability of sales. This thesis documents the design of a web engine that provides a survey framework for investigating algorithms that aim to predict which products a user will place in their consideration set as well as to aid in investigating the factors that can lead to the modification of rules that govern a consumer's consideration set. Firstly I evaluated and documented the improvements required from older systems created by the research group. Then over the course of two studies I designed a highly modular system that is a new iteration of the older versions. Finally, more than 3500 participants used the system during field tests and the system was successful in mitigating the previous issues and delivering a better user experience as well as collecting the necessary data. This project lays the groundwork for a platform that can be used for generally investigation and testing consideration predictive algorithms in various retail spaces.
by Eleojo E. Ocholi.
M.Eng.
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Shahi, Mohammad Hassan Panjeh. "Pressure drop consideration in process integration." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333599.
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NEWELL, HEIDI C. "A CONSIDERATION OF FEMININE DEFAULT GENDER." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123162261.
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Boardman, Charlotte Mary. "Considering consideration : a critical and comparative analysis of the doctrine of consideration in the Anglo-Canadian common law." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45660.
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The doctrine of consideration is widely regarded as one of the most problematic contract law doctrines present within the common law. For many years, there had been discussion about its possible removal, but recent times this discussion appears to have come to a virtual halt and little has been done to improve the current situation. It seems that many of the possibilities for the reform of the doctrine of consideration have already been explored by various reform committees and subsequently rejected.
In order to re-open the discussion surrounding the problems caused by consideration, and to present further possibilities, this thesis explores a different approach to the reform of the doctrine; it focuses on the modification of contracts in the Anglo-Canadian common law, an area in which consideration has come to be a particular problem and identifies the ways in which the German civil law might act as an aid to the reform of the law in this area.
In order to do this, the history of the doctrine of consideration and its German civil law equivalents is examined so as to identify common areas in their development. The reasons for the current need for the reform of the doctrine of consideration in the Anglo-Canadian common law, including its complexity, its use as a mask for the real reasons behind judicial decision-making and the common trend towards the harmonization of contracts law, are then identified. The German rules on the modification of contracts are subsequently identified using a modified functional comparative approach. These rules are then examined in order to determine the ways in which they differ from the Anglo-Canadian common law in the absence of a doctrine of consideration-the main difference being that there is no doctrine of consideration, nor anything comparable to it, within the German law. Finally, it is concluded that the German law would best be used as inspiration for a set of model laws, developed using both the Anglo-Canadian common law and the German civil law.
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Heine, Wolf-Dietrich. "An ecological consideration of stimulus response compatibility /." Münster ; New York : Waxmann, 1994. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006716535&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Öhman, Karin. "Forest planning with consideration to spatial relationships /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6082-4.fulltext.pdf.
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Tan, Yusong. "Capacity consideration of wireless ad hoc networks." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3307123.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-74).
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Hamisu, Aminu Alhaji. "Petroleum refinery scheduling with consideration for uncertainty." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9411.
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Scheduling refinery operation promises a big cut in logistics cost, maximizes efficiency, organizes allocation of material and resources, and ensures that production meets targets set by planning team. Obtaining accurate and reliable schedules for execution in refinery plants under different scenarios has been a serious challenge. This research was undertaken with the aim to develop robust methodologies and solution procedures to address refinery scheduling problems with uncertainties in process parameters.
The research goal was achieved by first developing a methodology for short-term crude oil unloading and transfer, as an extension to a scheduling model reported by Lee et al. (1996). The extended model considers real life technical issues not captured in the original model and has shown to be more reliable through case studies. Uncertainties due to disruptive events and low inventory at the end of scheduling horizon were addressed. With the extended model, crude oil scheduling problem was formulated under receding horizon control framework to address demand uncertainty. This work proposed a strategy called fixed end horizon whose efficiency in terms of performance was investigated and found out to be better in comparison with an existing approach.
In the main refinery production area, a novel scheduling model was developed. A large scale refinery problem was used as a case study to test the model with scheduling horizon discretized into a number of time periods of variable length. An equivalent formulation with equal interval lengths was also presented and compared with the variable length formulation. The results obtained clearly show the advantage of using variable timing. A methodology under self-optimizing control (SOC) framework was then developed to address uncertainty in problems involving mixed integer formulation. Through case study and scenarios, the approach has proven to be efficient in dealing with uncertainty in crude oil composition.
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Boyd, Frank W. "Consideration of gravity gradient stabilization for ORION." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26946.
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Certain ORION missions may require three axis stabilization. Since ORION's physical size severely limits its onboard fuel storage capability, passive stabilization techniques warrant investigation. This paper shows the development of linearized equations of motion and regions of stability with respect to gravity gradient stabilization. Gravity gradient stabilization by itself provides little yaw restoring torque; therefore, additional torque generating devices are necessary to augment the gravity gradient effect. Control moment gyros, reaction wheels, and magnetic torquers will be investigated as to their suitability for ORION
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Holtzhausen, N. "Whistleblowing for good governance: Issues for consideration." Journal of Public Administration, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001414.
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Abstract
One of the key obstacles in the fight against corruption is the fact that,
without legal protection, individuals are often too intimidated to speak out
or blow the whistle. The Protected Disclosures Act 2000 (Act 26 of 2000)
provides protection against occupational detriment to those who disclose information
of unlawful or corrupt conduct. This law is therefore an important weapon in the anticorruption
struggle to encourage honest employees to report wrongdoing.
The presumed benefits of whistleblowing for good governance should be seen
against the possible negative consequences of whistleblowing. Whistleblowers
are both citizens and managers, and are therefore exposed to dilemmas in both
roles. As citizens, they want to see the termination of wrongdoing. As managers,
they would prefer whistleblowing incidents to go through internal channels only.
However, if whistleblowing is ineffective, it benefits no one.
There is an increasing focus on good (and bad) corporate governance and
institutions that are transparent and open will benefit from more favourable
investor perceptions. Improved relationships with the public show that a substantial
effort has been made to endow public administration with a legal framework that
encourages the players involved to assume a greater sense of responsibility and
develop practices to promote transparency and to protect whistleblowers.
Government has to overcome numerous difficulties caused largely by the
burden of history, unethical and corruptive constraints and government secrecy.
In the face of these difficulties, efficient administration that serves the needs of all
citizens is one prerequisite for strengthening the rule of law and the credibility of
the state, both internally and externally. Such administration must be transparent,
responsible and accountable, and served by honest officials. In the current context
of the globalisation of the world economy and the fluidity of cultural boundaries.
Administrations in all countries also face a variety of issues, including the ethical
problems concerned with the protection of employees who expose malpractice
or misconduct in the workplace, transparent administration and good governance.
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Bashir, N. (Nouman). "Implementation consideration of M2M4 SINR estimation algorithm." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201612163291.
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Efficient use of wireless spectrum is needed, due to enormous increase in wireless devices during last few years. In this context lot of effort is being done to make an intelligent and cognitive radio system, which can use the spectrum opportunistically. The ratio of the signal average power to the interference plus noise average power is called signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). SINR is one of the important parameters that can help in developing cognitive radio systems, because on the basis of its calculation the spectrum can be utilized efficiently.
The principle goal of this thesis is to implement a SINR estimation algorithm for a cognitive radio network (CRN) test-bed. The proposed SINR estimation algorithm is second order moment and fourth order moment (M2M4) SINR estimation algorithm, where M2 and M4 are the second order moment and fourth order moments respectively. The M2M4 estimation algorithm is one of the non-data-aided (NDA) estimation algorithms. Hence, the algorithm takes the received signal as input and calculates the second and fourth moments blindly. The average signal power and average interference plus noise power can be calculated from these second and fourth order moments, their ratio yields the SINR. The M2M4 estimation algorithm is first simulated in MATLAB, and then it is designed for system generator model to draw fair comparison between simulations and system generator model. The experimental evaluation revealed that despite of the word length constraint in the system generator model, it performs reasonably well when compared to the ideal (MATLAB) solution.
The M2M4 estimation algorithm is tested and verified by different test cases, to ensure its validity. The algorithm is tested for different signal strengths. The result shows M2M4 is an efficient algorithm for the SINR estimation. However, the proposed architecture could not fit into the aimed hardware because of heavy design since it consume more resources than available.
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Golan, Jennifer. "Consideration of Diet in Inpatient Glycemic Control." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1321969188.
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Yuan, Ding. "Heuristic subset clustering for consideration set analysis." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/137.
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Obi, Manasseh Okocha. "Materials consideration for nanoionic nonvolatile memory solutions." [Boise, Idaho] : Boise State University, 2009. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/50/.
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Jan, Rabea. "Recreating writing: A consideration of translated literature." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/314.
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Quaglieri, Marco <1982>. "Causa, consideration e Diritto europeo dei contratti." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1150.
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L’obiettivo di questa tesi è verificare l’importanza dello scopo concreto dell’accordo nella disciplina del diritto europeo dei contratti.
In particolare, in questo lavoro vengono studiati il diritto contrattuale italiano ed il diritto contrattuale inglese. Inoltre, vengono presi in esame anche i Principi di Diritto Europeo dei Contratti, l’Avant-project della Commissione Lando e i Principi UNIDROIT.
Nella tesi viene analizzata la causa del contratto nel diritto italiano e la consideration nella common law. Vengono poi prese in considerazione, fra l’altro, nel diritto contrattuale italiano, l’interpretazione del contratto, l’illiceità dell’accordo, la presupposizione; nel diritto inglese, l’interpretation of contract, l’unlawful act, la frustration of contract. L’indagine prosegue valutando gli istituti analoghi nella Lex Mercatoria.
L’analisi permette di verificare che, anche se non è esplicitamente citato dalle disposizioni legislative o dalla giurisprudenza, lo scopo concreto dell’accordo è un elemento essenziale del diritto contrattuale europeo.The objective of this thesis is to confirm the relevance of the real purpose of the agreement in the European contract law. In particular, I examine the Italian contract law and the English contract law. In addition, I examine also the Principles of European Contract Law, the Avant-project written by the Lando Commission and the UNIDROIT Principles. I analyze the causa del contratto in the Italian law and the consideration of contract in the common law of England. This analysis is made taking into account also the rules governing the interpretation of the contract, the illegality of contract and the presupposizone in the Italian contract law. In the same way, I consider in the interpretation of contract, the unlawful act theory and the frustration of contract in the English contract law. The investigation continues by assessing the similar problems in the Lex Mercatoria. This analysis allows to verify that, even if not explicitly mentioned in the statute law nor in the case law, the real purpose of the agreement is an essential element of European contract law.
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Šebeková, Veronika. "Srovnání institutů consideration a kauzy v smluvním právu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10347.
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This master thesis focuses on a comparison of two contract law institutes -- consideration and cause. While the former is an Anglo-American legal concept, the later is of civil law origin. The goals of this comparative study are as follows: 1. to analyze consideration and cause with the emphasis on the problematic aspects; 2. to compare the institutes with regard to their function in contracts formation; 3. to assess their reasonableness and consider alternative solutions which could better comply with the requirements of modern contract law. The structure of the paper corresponds to the above-mentioned aims.
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Grandani, Attilio. "Everything taken into consideration : a study of the use of offences taken into consideration process within the Metropolitan Police Service." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/119429/.
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This thesis seeks to understand how and why police use 'Offences Taken Into Consideration' (TIC) processes as part of their crime management work. Informed by empirical data collected in the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), the study utilises a multi-method research design, to understand the organisation of TIC process and the variety of factors influencing the ways they are implemented and the outcomes they deliver in different areas of London. A key feature of the research is its use of focused comparative case studies of TIC work based upon in-depth qualitative fieldwork and interviews. The evidence and insight gleaned from these case studies are augmented and corroborated by the examination of material derived from the examination of official police case files. A key theme explored through exploration of the empirical data concerns the role and meaning of 'performance indicators'. Specifically, the analysis highlights how a range of organisational, subcultural and individual level factors interact to produce very different approaches to the use of TICs across different geographical areas. There are various interpretations applied to the TIC policy and procedures, which highlight the implications of such variant approaches. Theoretically, the evidence helps to shine a light on a neglected aspect of police practice and how crime detections are produced. The findings also have policy and practice implications, as the TIC policy wordings and processes may have been misinterpreted. As discussed in the thesis, potentially this could have led to miscarriages of justice or even breaches of the Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998.
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Meng, Xiaozhou. "Maintenance Consideration for Long Life Cycle Embedded System." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-16440.
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In this thesis, the work presented is in relation to consideration to the maintenance of a long life cycle embedded system. Various issues can present problems for maintaining a long life cycle embedded system, such as component obsolescence and IP (intellectual property) portability. For products including automotive, avionics, military application etc., the desired life cycles for these systems are many times longer than the obsolescence cycle for the electronic components used in the systems. The maintainability is analyzed in relation to long life cycle embedded systems for different design technologies. FPGA platform solutions are proposed in order to ease the system maintenance. Different platform cases are evaluated by analyzing the essence of each case and the consequences of different risk scenarios during system maintenance. This has shown that an FPGA platform with a vendor and device independent soft IP has the highest maintainability.A mathematic model of obsolescence management for long life cycle embedded system maintenance is presented. This model can estimate the minimum management costs for the different system architecture and this consists of two parts. The first is to generate a graph in Matlab which is in the form of state transfer diagram. A segments table is then output from Matlab for further optimization. The second part is to find the lowest cost in the state transfer diagram, which can be viewed as a transshipment problem. Linear programming is used to calculate the minimized management cost and schedule, which is solved by Lingo. A simple Controller Area Network (CAN) controller system case study is shown in order to apply this model. The model is validated by a set of synthetic and experimentally selected values. The results provided by this are a minimized management cost and an optimized management time schedule. Test experiments of the maintenance cost responding to the interest rate and unit cost are implemented. The responses from the experiments meet our expectations. The reuse of predefined IP can shorten development times and assist the designer to meet time-to-market (TTM) requirements. System migration between devices is unavoidable, especially when it has a long life cycle expectation, so IP portability becomes an important issue for system maintenance. An M-JPEG decoder case study is presented in the thesis. The lack of any clear separation between computation and communication is shown to limit the IP’s portability with respect to different communication interfaces. A methodology is proposed to ease the interface modification and interface reuse, thus to increase the portability of an IP. Technology and tool dependent firmware IP components are also shown to limit the IP portability with respect to development tools and FPGA vendors.
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Blomfield, Suzanna Jane. "Consideration for the unspecified other : an exploratory study /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsb653.pdf.
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Farrant, Anthony James. "An ethical consideration of increasing human life spans." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422037.
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Chan, Chi-fai, and 陳志輝. "Epigenetic modification site prediction : technical consideration and application." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210159.
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Chu, N. "Wave force calculation with consideration of viscous effects." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382261.
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Kurokawa, Ai. "Consideration of culture in educating young diverse populations." Thesis, Boston University, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27697.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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"The Doctrine of Consideration (the role of consideration in contract modifications)." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Law, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/286.
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Since 1809 the common law has clearly provided that a promise by a party to perform an act that he or she is already legally bound to perform is not good consideration. Accordingly a promise received in exchange is not enforceable. This is so whether the promise would have the effect of creating a new contract or modifying the terms of an existing contract. The rule has from time to time been the subject of judicial criticism but nevertheless operated with full vigor until 1991. Hitherto, (except in unilateral contract situations) consideration subsisted in the promises made by the parties at the instant of exchange rendering the promises thenceforth mutually enforceable. The contract or the modified contract effectively existed from that time, unconcerned with what the parties hoped to gain from the exchange or what each in fact gained. The English Court of Appeal decision in Williams v. Roffey Bros & Nicholls Ltd has the potential to change the law as settled. This dissertation is concerned with the consequences of the decision in the context of promises intended to modify the terms of existing contracts. In Williams v. Roffey the successful promisee gave the promisor no more than an understanding that he would continue to attempt to perform his undertaking under a prior contract. The Court held that the 'practical benefit' that accrued to the promisor from the repetition of the previous promise was sufficient consideration to make the promise of increased payment enforceable. The second promise was made outside the bargaining process and the potential for 'practical benefit' was neither solicited nor offered. The fact that there would be a 'practical benefit' was a deduction made by the Court as a result of questioning counsel for the defendant during the argument of the appeal. The dissertation examines the history of the doctrine of consideration, its incidents, which are said to enable consideration to moderate bargains, and how each is potentially rendered redundant by the decision. As a result of the decision, the role of the court has changed with greater emphasis on the substance of the transaction instead of external characteristics. The superior record keeping methods available to commerce in the 20th century facilitates this change. The following matters seem implicit in the decision. First, the bargaining process has lost its significance in contract modification situations. Second, the courts in determining what is practical and what is not, will find it difficult to avoid investigating the adequacy of consideration. This is an investigation that the courts have steadfastly refused to undertake in the past. The series of Australian authorities commencing with Je Maintendrai v. Quaglia and culminating in The Commonwealth of Australia v. Verwayen are examined. Whilst it is correct to say that those decisions, especially Waltons Stores v. Maher, introduce reliance based liability into the Australian law, the conclusion is reached that extensions to the law of estoppel do not solve the problems arising out of promises that modify existing contracts. This is because detriment to the promisee is necessary to trigger the operation of the law of estoppel and the remedy, being equitable, is discretionary. In contract modification situations the detriment suffered by the promisee is often ethereal and a discretionary remedy (as opposed to enforcing the promise) deprives the transaction of the certainty that is desirable in commercial transactions. The work concludes that, in regard to contract modifications, the doctrine of consideration ceases to perform a useful role and the equitable remedies do not meet the needs of commerce. Accordingly, the suggestion is made that all promises having the effect of modifying an existing contract should be enforceable provided that there is satisfactory evidence that the promise was made and the absence of duress.
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Yuan, Jun. "Life cycle consideration for steel bridges with consideration of usage, durability and maintenance." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17718.
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Because of rapid deterioration of existing steel bridge superstructures and transportation
development in the recent decades, bridge rehabilitation has become an urgent technical and
economical task in many countries. This report summarizes the factors that, lead to steel
bridge deterioration and reviews typical damages of steel bridges. Bridge inspection and
evaluation procedures for determining the technical condition o f bridges are also discussed.
Numerous steel bridge rehabilitation strategies to extend the service life of steel bridges are
presented in detail in this report. Paint systems are most widely used for corrosion
protection, and there are three maintenance strategies with this coating method, i.e.,
touch-up painting, overcoating and recoating. Repair work usually concerns repair of cracks
and deformed structural members. Strategies for strengthening superstructures of steel
bridges include enlargement of cross sections, installation of additional members, external
post-tensioning, replacement of structural members, additional carbon fiber reinforced
plastic (CFRP) strips, continuity development, and other strengthening methods. To help
engineers make rational decisions among these rehabilitation strategies, fundamental
decision making principles about decision making under risk, uncertainty and incomplete
knowledge are introduced, together with some useful mathematical tools such as decision
tree, expected monetary value, and Monte Carlo simulation. A decision making model of an
engineering example is developed to illustrate the practical application of decision making
tools and the procedure for bridge engineers when face with the task of decision making for
bridge rehabilitation. Life cycle cost analysis should be performed during this decision
making process. The decision making model for steel bridge corrosion protection
maintenance strategies is set up with life cycle cost analysis method. Touch-up painting is
proven to be the most economical strategy for corrosion protection maintenance. This life
cycle cost analysis model can also be applied to other situations about decision making of
rehabilitation strategies for steel bridges.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Wu, Yun-Ru, and 吳韻如. "Maze Routing with OPC Consideration." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97268881509150891149.
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碩士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
93
As the technology of manufacturing process continues to advance, the process variation becomes more and more serious in nanometer designs. Optical proximity correction (OPC) is employed to correct the process variation of the diffraction effect. To obtain the desired layout as early as possible, routers must have some changes to handle the optical effects to speed up the OPC time and to avoid the routing result that cannot be corrected by the OPC process. In this thesis, we propose two practical OPC-aware maze routing problems and present how to enhance an existing maze routing algorithm to get an optimal algorithm for each problem. The experimental results are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of these two enhanced algorithms.
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ZENG, GUO-TAI, and 曾國泰. "Structural design under multioptimal consideration." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38773806302374762763.
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Liu, Yi-Chen, and 劉奕辰. "Portfolio Selections under Hedging Consideration." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31564409711025273630.
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碩士中原大學
工業工程研究所
90
Portfolio selection and risk management had been the most important research fields in modern finance recently. Since the values (price) and risk (deviation) of assets of investors in the future are all uncertainty, investors will face more complex investment problems than usual. In this thesis, the modified Amount-MAD model was applied to select riskless portfolio and make correct investment decisions. Although the modified Amount-MAD model performs well, the portfolio that selected by it is still risky. To avoid the fluctuated risk, we formulate our Hedging Strategies that based on LPM0 and MAD concepts to solve the problem. At the end of this study, we evaluated our Hedging Strategies by using real historical data and compare that with conventional minimum-variance method. It demonstrates that our Hedging Strategies can provide a sophisticate investment tool for the investor or fund manager in the world.
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Zhang, NING. "Cultural Differences in Opportunity Cost Consideration." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8137.
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I conducted two studies to explore cultural differences between Chinese and European Canadians in considering opportunity cost while making purchase decisions. In Study 1, participants (121 Euro-Canadians and 119 Chinese) read a scenario in which they would decide whether to buy a single product (e.g., a backpack) or not. Participants were randomly assigned to either a condition in which opportunity cost information was made salient or a control condition in which opportunity cost was not mentioned. I found that participants in the opportunity cost salient condition displayed a higher level of opportunity cost consideration than did participants in the control condition. When individual differences in the habit of considering opportunity cost and spending habits were controlled for, Chinese participants’ purchase decisions revealed a higher degree of opportunity cost consideration than those of European Canadians. Chinese were also more likely to mention opportunity cost thoughts than did European Canadians while making the decision. In Study 2, participants chose one of two laptops to buy (one was cheaper but had less memory than the other). The results demonstrated that Chinese living in Canada displayed a higher degree of opportunity cost consideration by opting more often for the cheaper laptop, than did European Canadians. However, the culture main effect was confounded by cultural differences in family income. Study 2 also replicated the results of Study 1 that Chinese were also more likely to mention opportunity cost thoughts than European Canadians while making the decision. Although inconclusive, these results suggest that opportunity cost consideration varies, at least to some extent, across cultures. Implications of the current research for consumer behavior and directions for future research are discussed.Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2013-08-01 15:22:09.816
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Lee, Wei-Chen, and 李偉誠. "Convenience store franchising consideration factor analysis." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01037730874140773440.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
88
The convenience store business have entered the era of fierce competition, therefore how to attract new franchisees and at the same time retain good relationship with franchisees that are already in operation have been the main task for the franchisers. Furthermore, how to set franchise rules and improve franchising procedure in order to attract more franchisees to enter the franchise have been the main goal for many convenience store franchise system’s main task.. Currently, many franchise systems use different franchise rules and management methods. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to understand the operation of Taiwanese franchise operation, management methods and future goals. Hopefully, this thesis can bring some contribution to future franchise-related studies, also at the same time, figure out the potential franchising potential consideration factors in order to attract more investors to join franchise. This thesis focuses on the factors that franchisees consider when choosing franchise system to join. Hopefully through interviews made to current franchisees (convenience store managers), this thesis can clarify the franchise consideration factors and assist franchisers to attract more investors to join. Through the interviews and surveys, the three franchise systems have the following common characteristics: 1. As long as the franchise is well-known, the competitiveness of the products will not affect customers’ choices of place to spend but it will affect the amount that customers spend. 2. The past operation focuses is consider important factor because before the franchisees join the franchise system, they were customers too and they have established assumptions toward the system, therefore, it has certain degree of affection. 3. The success rate has surpass other competitors have considered important factors because open a franchise convenience store require over one million new Taiwanese dollars of investment, therefore, choosing a well-known franchise system is considered important to franchisers. 4. Because the three franchise systems that is included in the research have the history of at least 10 years, therefore, it possess strong position in the franchise system. Therefore, good communication channels have been consider the most crucial consideration factors when choosing a franchise system to join. In conclusion, this thesis provide franchisers the following recommendations to improve the relationship with franchisees: the establishment of franchiser-franchisee management department, to provide the franchise rules with flexibility and to simplify the franchise contracts to attract more people to join.
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Liu, Jia-Dong, and 劉佳東. "Rent-Seeking : take votes into consideration." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30132892601543772659.
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WENG, HENG-YU, and 翁鴻裕. "International facility location a strategic consideration." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80201238704970284394.
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Su, Yu-Siang, and 蘇裕翔. "An MCM Layout with EMC Consideration." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00657915746273984271.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學系
85
In recent years, interconnection analysis and packaging technology have become the bottleneck to take full advantage of the advances in semiconductor fabrication technology. The Multi- Chip Module (MCM ) technology has been introduced to improve system performance. However, MCM technology also introduces additional design constraints in terms of electrical and thermal characteristics which must be considered during physical design. In this thesis, we implement a graphical interactive MCM layout editor based on Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC), which provides interactive editing functions for MCM layout design. A general area auto-router with Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) improvement, and equal delay line as well as shielding wire considerations for MCM design is also included.
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Lee, Shing-Hung, and 李信宏. "Network Fault Identification with Temporal Consideration." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02684491278967004576.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
資訊工程學系
89
In the last few decades, the explosive growth of the Internet has been accompanied by a wide range of internetworking problems related to routing, resource reservation, and administrators. Networks often consist of hundreds or even thousands of interconnected nodes form different manufacturers factories. As a result, we will have more and more complex problems in the network. We know that network faults are not avoidable. Therefore, it is important to find out what and where are problems in the network as soon as possible. The fault management plays an important role in managing a network effectively. The development of a practical and effective system for network fault diagnosis becomes an urgent task. In this paper, we offer a fault diagnosis mechanism, a two-phase network alarm correlation method, for effective and automated network fault isolation. This mechanism uses a Finite State Machine (FSM) to model classified and refined fault propagation behaviors by adding temporal factor. The FSM graphs of fault propagation behaviors are constructed by several alarm states in every time interval. This two-phase inference diagnosis method includes two phases doing inference work. In the phase I, in the each fixed cycle, domain manager will monitor and listen to alarms in the network. If the domain manager received alarms, it will guess which kind of alarm states were happened with FSM graph model of faults. After this step, in the phase II, the domain manager will know what kind of fault was happened in its domain according alarm states of propagation durations. Finally, domain managers will work in a propagation durations to find the most possible fault in a global view. In our lab environment, we can successfully recognize ten network faults of TCP/IP. Our key contribution is not only the automated process of alarm collection, alarm correlation, and fault isolation, but also identify the propagation of each fault with a corresponding severity.
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Hsieh, Chang-Chieh, and 謝長杰. "Option Pricing with Higher Moments Consideration." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26252998588297053620.
Full textAbstract:
博士東吳大學
經濟學系
103
This dissertation consists of three essays, one of which examines if it is possible to find the characteristic that can be adapted to abnormal fluctuations and unpredictable cluster effects in the real world by refining the traditional covered-call strategy with stochastic volatility in order to improve this strategy under the Black and Scholes model (1973). Since the distribution of the return of the target asset in the real world is highly likely to be left-skewed and leptokurtic, it will influence the accuracy of the option pricing; otherwise, the basic hypothesis of the return of the target asset is normally distributed, such as in the simple BS model, the GARCH pricing model, and many other stochastic volatility models. Therefore, this study adopts three approximations to price - Gram-Charlier approximate solution, Edgeworth approximate solution, and Shaddlepoint approximate solution - in order to take skewness and kurtosis into account. The first two approximate solutions are derived from the Approximation of Taylor Series Expansion. The laster solution is derived from the asymptotics method from the concept in statistics. Under the consideration of skewness and kurtosis in the pricing model of European options, this paper introduces three analytic solutions and their detailed derivations. First, this paper compares these three approximations with numerical simulations to show the possible bad effects mentioned by other scholars in the past literature. The bad effect entails out of the possible range between zero to one in the probability density function. Second, this paper compares the accuracy among these three approximations by the benchmark Merton jump model (1976). Third, because American option pricing does not possess a closed-form and is not easy to price, many scholars have evaluated the price of American options in many different ways. This paper presents most of the different American option pricing methods that have been introduced in the literature and looks to further improve the American option pricing model introduced by Kallast and Kivinukk (2003). This paper integrates the three approximations into Kim’s integral equations and evaluates their accuracy with Monte Carlo simulation.
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Deets, Gregory B. "Copepod-chondrichthyan coevolution : a cladistic consideration." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8770.
Full textAbstract:
A revision of the species of Eudactylina (Eudactylinidae : Siphonostomatoida)
and Kroyeria (Kroyeriidae : Siphonostomatoida) was conducted, based on type and
other specimens of parasitic copepods from museums and personal collections. A
description of the external morphology of each genus is included. Taxonomic, phyloge
netic, and functional significance of the morphology of the general habitus, first and
second antennae, oral and thoracic appendages are discussed.
The taxonomic account of the above genera recognized all nominal species in
the literature. Illustrations and phylogenetic analyses, however, were necessarily
restricted to only the material examined in an attempt to standardize the abstractions
and interpretations associated with character observation. Detailed redescriptions are
given of E. acuta, E. aspera, E. chilensis, E. corrugata, E. indivisa, E. insolens, E.
Iongispina, E. myliobatidos, E. oliveri, E papillosa, E. peruensis, E. pollex, E. pusilla,
E. similis, E. spinifera, E. squamosa, E tuberifera, E. turgipes, and new descriptions
(all in press) are given of, E. aphiloxenous, E. dactylocerca, E. diabolophila, E. epakto
Iampte’ E. hornbosteli, E. nykterimyzon, E. pristiophori, E. urolo phi, and E. vaquetillae
followed by the detailed reclescriptions of K. carchariaeglauci, K. caseyi, K. dispat K.
elongata, K. gemursa, K. lineata, K. longicauda, K. papillipes, K. spatulata, K. sphyr
nae, K. triakos and new descriptions (all in press) of K. branchioecetes, Kcresseyi, K.
decepta, K. procerobscena, and K. rhophemophaga.
In an attempt to unravel evolutionary relationships of their elasmobranch hosts
and themselves a phylogenetic analysis of each genus is presented. In the heuristic
analysis of Eudactyilna, 75 morphological characters resulted in a single tree with a
consisitency index of 0.77 and a retention index of 0.88, indicating a high degree of
character congruence. An exact search of nine species of Eudactylina with 55 charac
ters resulted in a single tree with a consistency index of 0.88 and a retention index of 0.88. The Eudactylina-derived host cladograms posit monophyly of the shark-like
squaloids , squatinids, pristiophorids, and batoids. This suggests that shark-like
squaloids, angelsharks, and sawsharks are more closely related to rays than to other
galeomorph sharks, whereas the pristiophorids represent the sister taxon to batoids.
The eudactylinid dade found on the rhinopterids and mobulids appears to represent a
colonization event followed by tight cospeciation. Eudactylina-derived carcharhinid
relationships approximate conventional or currently accepted hypotheses. Eudactylina
derived phyogenetic relationships of a subset of species from Squatina and Myliobatis
indicate speciation patterns consistent with major vicariant events associated with the
breakup of Pangaea during the Jurassic period approximately 160 MY.
The phylogenetic analysis of Kroyeria, using 44 morphological characters result
ed in a single tree with a consistency index of 0.75 and a retention index of 0.75. The
Kroyeria-derived and Kroyeria-Kroeyerina-derived host cladograms posit an unconven
tional placement for Galeocerdo. Galeocerdo diverges at the bottom of the tree before
the Triakidae. A sphyrnid dade follows, functioning as the sister taxon to remaining
members of the Carcharhinidae. The genus Carcharhinus appears paraphyletic with
Negaprion and Prionace imbedded within this dade, corroborating similarly held views
by other systematists.
Congruent host and parasite cladogram topologies from both holocephalan and
elasmobranch hosts suggest the existence of well-established and specific host-para
site associations as early as the late Devonian, approximately 400 MY.
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Wu, Hung-Lin, and 吳弘琳. "Consideration of the adnominal form “TENO”." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24033046904375960387.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺灣大學
日本語文學研究所
98
In general, the most typical adnominal form of Japanese verbs is “ru” type, “ta” type, “teiru” type, and “teita” type. Also “TENO” form is one of the expressions commonly used to modify nouns in Japanese. However, it has never been taught in the curriculum of school education and there are only few researches studying it. Therefore, the purposes of this paper are to clarify the adnominal form “TENO” and its actual use through the actual examples and using quantity statistics based on related studies compiled so far. The results are as following: 1. “TENO” adnominal form must contain the meaning-usage called
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Pan, Yueh-Yi, and 潘岳頤. "Making decisions and consideration in stock." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56089605220244766688.
Full textAbstract:
碩士開南大學
企業與創業管理學系
97
Making decisions and consideration in stock investing Abstract Making a good selection to stock investments is considered to be an important task for investors. However, within the stock selection process, most evaluations are qualitative. There are few papers using quantification. This paper, has, therefore, applied decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)，analytic network process (ANP) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija IKompromisnoResenje (VIKOR) to evaluate stock selection criterion, which add a new perspective to the analysis of stock selection. Besides, there are a few papers using ANP and VIKOR in the field of finance, so this study attempts to fill this need. In this paper, a multicriteria decision-making method (MCDM) is used to rank alternative stocks in Taiwan, since most of the studies in stock selection decisions have been conducted in the western countries. In our study, ANP with three aspects and nine criteria is used to develop an evaluation hierarchy for stocks. Seven primary stocks in Taiwan are evaluated, including Mediatek, Motech Industries Inc, HTC, Cathy Financial Holdings, Huaku Constructio, China Steel, Taiwan Cement. The aspects include fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and institutional analysis. The criteria are risk, growth, profitability, operation, Relative Strength Index (RSI), Moving average (MA), Moving Averages Convergence Divergence (MACD), institutional investors, and trading volume. The alternatives are ranked by the VIKOR. Results indicated that institutional indicators are the most used criteria in Taiwan, and most of the financial experts in Taiwan have estimated institutional investors with the highest importance. In addition, the results also indicate that Mediatek ranks first of seven primary stocks in Taiwan. Explanations of our results and implications are discussed.
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Liao, Hsien-Chun, and 廖先駿. "Consensus Related Problems with Weight Consideration." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26960501105551381902.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
100
A fault-tolerant distributed system maintains normal operation as long as faulty components in the system are within a tolerable amount. To ensure that the system is robust, we need a mechanism to allow a set of processors to reach a common agreement, even in the presence of failures and malicious attacks. This problem can be solved as a consensus problem. However, conventional consensus problems have numerous limitations and lack flexibility and thus do not fit many modern applications. In this study, we attempt to extend the consensus problem by defining two new patterns of the consensus problem as follows: (1) k-set consensus problem with weight consideration of basis and multiple initial values: Each processor is allowed to have multiple initial values, and weight (basis) is considered in the k-set consensus problem; (2) early stopping interactive consistency problem with weight consideration: The early stopping concept and weight consideration will be introduced in the interactive consistency problem to solve the consistent task schedule problem under the cloud computing environment. If enough messages have been collected, the system can terminate message exchanging and achieve an interactive consistency earlier.
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Xie, Zhuoyan. "Towards a Normative Basis of the Doctrine of Consideration." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25523.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reviews both the law and the theoretical accounts of the doctrine of consideration with a view to look for a normative, consistent and public basis of it. The thesis argues that such a basis can only be found by justifying it as what it is instead of considering it as a proxy for something else. The most promising justificatory account of the doctrine should look at its main features and try to make sense of them in consistency, instead of putting up assumption before analysis.
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Tsai, Ming-Hsien, and 蔡明憲. "Smart Product Design with Consideration of Scenarios." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88103893699508719467.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
105
Lately, the development of intelligent products has become prominent, because it improves the convenience of people’s lives. The technological advancements that comes with the intelligent products provide a wide range of intelligent features to meet the different consumer demands. This study summarizes the four key features of intelligent products, combines them with TRIZ tools, to build a set of “Intelligent Product Development Process”. To achieve this, firstly this study defines a scenario on how to use the intelligent product, secondly finds the problems and customer requirements of the product. Then collects data from the problems and requirements and the data is used as a blueprint to design intelligent product. Lastly, this study uses TRIZ to solve the problem from the new design. To illustrate this methodology, this study takes the products as examples. This study hopes that the proposed approach can be used as a reference for the development of intelligent products in the industry.
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Jaw, Shuh-Sheng, and 趙樹聖. "Design Consideration of High-Speed CMOS Devices." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13099060339676870951.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電子研究所
76
In this thesis, the variation of the carrier distribution in the inversion layer by quantum mechanics for B+ and BF2+ channel implantation is researched in detail. The carrier mobility which considers the above-mentioned variation and normal field mobility degradation is more complete and accurate than the conventional one in MINIMOS. The simulation results of the mobility model show that there is about 10% error in the measurements. The modified mobility model which fitted by the experiments can reduce the error to below 3%. From the comparison of the mobility between B+ and BF2+ channel implantation, an optimal channel implantation to get the higher mobility is obtained. The basic scaling laws contain constant field, constant voltage and quasi-constant voltage, which have a lower mobility degradation and lower saturation current. From the point of view of speed, a new scaling law which has a lighter scaled voltage and a greater scaled gate oxide thickness than the basic scaling laws is proposed. The comparisons between the basic scaling laws and the new one in saturation current, mobility, and circuit speed of TISA (Timing Synthesis and analysis) are used to find an optimal scaling law. The results of simulation reveal that new scaling law which with a larger mobility degradation and higher saturation current gets the better circuit speed, and a maximum increase ratio in circuit speed. Therefore, the new scaling is obtained which can be used in designing of high-speed CMOS.
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Yang, Ren He, and 楊仁和. "Structural Analysis with Consideration of Material Variation." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75140451034822141642.
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