Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conserved region

Academic literature on the topic 'Conserved region'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Conserved region.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Conserved region"

Martinez-Porchas, Marcel, Enrique Villalpando-Canchola, Luis Enrique Ortiz Suarez, and Francisco Vargas-Albores. "How conserved are the conserved 16S-rRNA regions?" PeerJ 5 (February 28, 2017): e3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3036.

Full text

Abstract:

The 16S rRNA gene has been used as master key for studying prokaryotic diversity in almost every environment. Despite the claim of several researchers to have the best universal primers, the reality is that no primer has been demonstrated to be truly universal. This suggests that conserved regions of the gene may not be as conserved as expected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conservation degree of the so-called conserved regions flanking the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Data contained in SILVA database (release 123) were used for the study. Primers reported as matches of each conserved region were assembled to form contigs; sequences sizing 12 nucleotides (12-mers) were extracted from these contigs and searched into the entire set of SILVA sequences. Frequency analysis shown that extreme regions, 1 and 10, registered the lowest frequencies. 12-mer frequencies revealed segments of contigs that were not as conserved as expected (≤90%). Fragments corresponding to the primer contigs 3, 4, 5b and 6a were recovered from all sequences in SILVA database. Nucleotide frequency analysis in each consensus demonstrated that only a small fraction of these so-called conserved regions is truly conserved in non-redundant sequences. It could be concluded that conserved regions of the 16S rRNA gene exhibit considerable variation that has to be considered when using this gene as biomarker.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Xiao, Ming, Huaibo Li, Yujing Wang, Xiaohui Wang, Wei Wang, Jun Peng, Jiakuan Chen, and Bo Li. "Characterization of the N-terminal domain of classical swine fever virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81385-0.

Full text

Abstract:

To investigate RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) further, mutational analysis of the N-terminal domain of the NS5B protein of Classical swine fever virus was performed. Results show that the N-terminal domain (positions 1–300) of the protein might be divided artificially into four different regions, N1–N4. The N1 region (positions 1–61) contained neither conserved lysine nor conserved arginine residues. NS5B protein with deletion of the N1 region has the capacity for elongative RNA synthesis, but not for de novo RNA synthesis on natural templates. All substitutions of the conserved lysines and arginines in the N2 region (positions 63–216) destroyed RdRp activity completely. Substitutions of the conserved arginines in the N3 region (positions 217–280) seriously reduced RdRp activity. However, all substitutions of the conserved lysines in this region enhanced RNA synthesis and made the mutants synthesize RNA on any template. Substitutions of the conserved arginines in the N4 region (positions 281–300) reduced elongative synthesis and destroyed de novo RNA synthesis. In contrast, substitutions of lysines in this region did not affect RdRp activity significantly. These data indicate that the N3 region might be related to the enzymic specificity for templates, and the conserved lysines and arginines in different regions have different effects on RdRp activity. In combination with the published crystal structure of bovine viral diarrhea virus NS5B, these results define the important role of the N-terminal domain of NS5B for template recognition and de novo RNA synthesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hwang, Ying T., Harmon J. Zuccola, Qiaosheng Lu, and Charles B. C. Hwang. "A Point Mutation within Conserved Region VI of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA Polymerase Confers Altered Drug Sensitivity and Enhances Replication Fidelity." Journal of Virology 78, no. 2 (January 15, 2004): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.2.650-657.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA polymerase contains several conserved regions within the polymerase domain. The conserved regions I, II, III, V, and VII have been shown to have functional roles in the interaction with deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) and DNA. However, the role of conserved region VI in DNA replication has remained unclear due, in part, to the lack of a well-characterized region VI mutant. In this report, recombinant viruses containing a point mutation (L774F) within the conserved region VI were constructed. These recombinant viruses were more susceptible to aphidicolin and resistant to both foscarnet and acyclovir, compared to the wild-type KOS strain. Marker transfer experiments demonstrated that the L774F mutation conferred the altered drug sensitivities. Furthermore, mutagenesis assays demonstrated that L774F recombinant viruses containing the supF marker gene, which was integrated within the thymidine kinase locus (tk), exhibited increased fidelity of DNA replication. These data indicate that conserved region VI, together with other conserved regions, forms the polymerase active site, has a role in the interaction with deoxyribonucleotides, and regulates DNA replication fidelity. The possible effect of the L774F mutation in altering the polymerase structure and activity is discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kontinen, V. P., M. Yamanaka, K. i. Nishiyama, and H. Tokuda. "Roles of the Conserved Cytoplasmic Region and Non-Conserved Carboxy-Terminal Region of SecE in Escherichia coli Protein Translocase." Journal of Biochemistry 119, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 1124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021358.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Wong, H. K., and E. B. Ziff. "Complementary functions of E1a conserved region 1 cooperate with conserved region 3 to activate adenovirus serotype 5 early promoters." Journal of Virology 68, no. 8 (1994): 4910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.68.8.4910-4920.1994.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Paku, Keum Soon, Yu Umenaga, Tsunego Usui, Ai Fukuyo, Atsuo Mizuno, Yasuko In, Toshimasa Ishida, and Koji Tomoo. "A conserved motif within the flexible C-terminus of the translational regulator 4E-BP is required for tight binding to the mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E." Biochemical Journal 441, no. 1 (December 14, 2011): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20101481.

Full text

Abstract:

Although the central α-helical Y(X)4LΦ motif (X, variable amino acid; Φ, hydrophobic amino acid) of the translational regulator 4E-BP [eIF (eukaryotic initiation factor) 4E-binding protein] is the core binding region for the mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E, the functions of its N- and C-terminal flexible regions for interaction with eIF4E remain to be elucidated. To identify the role for the C-terminal region in such an interaction, the binding features of full-length and sequential C-terminal deletion mutants of 4E-BPn (n=1–3) subtypes were investigated by SPR (surface plasmon resonance) analysis and ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry). Consequently, the conserved PGVTS/T motif within the C-terminal region was shown to act as the second binding region and to play an important role in the tight binding to eIF4E. The 4E-BP subtypes increased the association constant with eIF4E by approximately 1000-fold in the presence of this conserved region compared with that in the absence of this region. The sequential deletion of this conserved region in 4E-BP1 showed that deletion of Val81 leads to a considerable decrease in the binding ability of 4E-BP. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that the conserved PGVTS/T region functions as a kind of paste, adhering the root of both the eIF4E N-terminal and 4E-BP C-terminal flexible regions through a hydrophobic interaction, where valine is located at the crossing position of both flexible regions. It is concluded that the conserved PGVTS/T motif within the flexible C-terminus of 4E-BP plays an auxiliary, but indispensable, role in strengthening the binding of eIF4E to the core Y(X)4LΦ motif.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hsu, Hsin-Hsien, Wei-Cheng Huang, Jia-Perng Chen, Liang-Yin Huang, Chai-Fong Wu, and Ban-Yang Chang. "Properties of Bacillus subtilis σA Factors with Region 1.1 and the Conserved Arg-103 at the N Terminus of Region 1.2 Deleted." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 8 (April 15, 2004): 2366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.8.2366-2375.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT σ factors in the σ70 family can be classified into the primary and alternative σ factors according to their physiological functions and amino acid sequence similarities. The primary σ factors are composed of four conserved regions, with the conserved region 1 being divided into two subregions. Region 1.1, which is absent from the alternative σ factor, is poor in conservation; however, region 1.2 is well conserved. We investigated the importance of these two subregions to the function of Bacillus subtilis σA, which belongs to a subgroup of the primary σ factor lacking a 254-amino-acid spacer between regions 1 and 2. We found that deletion of not more than 100 amino acid residues from the N terminus of σA, which removed part or all region 1.1, did not affect the overall transcription activity of the truncated σA-RNA polymerase in vitro, indicating that region 1.1 is not required for the functioning of σA in RNA polymerase holoenzyme. This finding is consistent with the complementation data obtained in vivo. However, region 1.1 is able to negatively modulate the promoter DNA-binding activity of the σA-RNA polymerase. Further deletion of the conserved Arg-103 at the N terminus of region 1.2 increased the content of stable secondary structures of the truncated σA and greatly reduced the transcription activity of the truncated σA-RNA polymerase by lowering the efficiency of transcription initiation after core binding of σA. More importantly, the conserved Arg-103 was also demonstrated to be critical for the functioning of the full-length σA in RNA polymerase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Tobar, H. F., P. A. Moreno, and P. E. Velez. "Highly conserved regions in the 5’ region of human olfactory receptor genes." Genetics and Molecular Research 8, no. 1 (2009): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/vol8-1gmr550.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

., Usman Sumo Friend Ta, Herbert Wybert Butar ., Radya Umbas ., and Zulfa Hidayah . "Conserved Region Analysis of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Genome." Biotechnology(Faisalabad) 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2006): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2007.93.96.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Cihlar, Tomas, Michael D. Fuller, and Julie M. Cherrington. "Characterization of Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in the Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Polymerase Gene by Using Recombinant Mutant Viruses Generated from Overlapping DNA Fragments." Journal of Virology 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 5927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.7.5927-5936.1998.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT A number of specific point mutations in the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerase (UL54) gene have been tentatively associated with decreased susceptibility to antiviral agents and consequently with clinical failure. To precisely determine the roles of UL54 mutations in HCMV drug resistance, recombinant UL54 mutant viruses were generated by using cotransfection of nine overlapping HCMV DNA fragments into permissive fibroblasts, and their drug susceptibility profiles were determined. Amino acid substitutions located in UL54 conserved region IV (N408D, F412C, and F412V), region V (A987G), and δ-region C (L501I, K513E, P522S, and L545S) conferred various levels of resistance to cidofovir and ganciclovir. Mutations in region II (T700A and V715M) and region VI (V781I) were associated with resistance to foscarnet and adefovir. The region II mutations also conferred moderate resistance to lobucavir. In contrast to mutations in other UL54 conserved regions, those residing specifically in region III (L802M, K805Q, and T821I) were associated with various drug susceptibility profiles. Mutations located outside the known UL54 conserved regions (S676G and V759M) did not confer any significant changes in HCMV drug susceptibility. Predominantly an additive effect of multiple UL54 mutations with respect to the final drug resistance phenotype was demonstrated. Finally, the influence of selected UL54 mutations on the susceptibility of viral DNA replication to antiviral drugs was characterized by using a transient-transfection-plus-infection assay. Results of this work exemplify specific roles of the UL54 conserved regions in the development of HCMV drug resistance and may help guide optimization of HCMV therapy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conserved region"

Severi, Emmanuele. "The role of the conserved carboxy-terminal region of the Escherichia coli ammonium channel AmtB." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426575.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Zhang, Xiaoyan. "Phosphorothioate hammerhead ribozymes targeting a conserved sequence in V3 loop region inhibit HIV-1 infection." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181687.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Eno-Ibanga, Cheryl K. "The analysis of a conserved RNA structure in the 3D polymerase encoding region of human parechovirus 1." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19097/.

Full text

Abstract:

Picornaviruses are important causes of human illness and it is necessary to understand more about how these viruses function. Human parechoviruses (HPeV) are common pathogens and studies have shown that 95% of people become infected with HPeV at a very early age, usually with symptoms such as mild diarrhoea and fever. However, one virus type HPeV3, is implicated in much more serious cases of neonatal disease and so it is important to understand HPeVs to increase the opportunity to develop drugs or vaccines against the infection. The HPeV1 genome encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved into structural and non-structural proteins. Analysis of one region of the genome (encoding the polymerase, 3Dpol) shows that some codons are perfectly conserved, suggesting functions in addition to protein coding. This region seems to fold into an RNA secondary structure made up of three stem-loops and a tertiary structure “kissing” interaction. The structure was validated by comparing all the available HPeV sequences and found to be highly conserved. To investigate if the structure has a role in RNA stability, an EGFP fluorescent assay was used. Sequences containing the structure was added to the 3’ UTR of the EGFP gene. A mutant with 21 mutations which completely destroys the RNA structure was also used. A FACS-based method was used to measure expression levels of EGFP. The results showed that there was a significant reduction in fluorescence from the mutant construct. The effect of the structure was also investigated in infected cells and in cells exposed to different stresses which could mimic virus infection. The results suggest that the structure can positively affect RNA stability/translation. Further investigation on other possible roles such as RNA replication and translation should be performed to improve the understanding of the biology of the structure in HPeVs and a Renilla Luciferase reporter gene system was assembled to facilitate the studies in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ahmed, Tina May. "Characterisation of T cells induced by candidate conserved region HIV-1 vaccines in healthy HIV-1/2 negative volunteers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d06f1f6-dd2a-4be1-b66c-936c5d006f38.

Full text

Abstract:

HIV-1 has claimed the lives of millions of people globally and continues to spread despite development of highly active antiretroviral therapy. In 2013, 2.1 million new infections occurred and over 35 million people were living with HIV-1 infection. A prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine that can prevent infection or reduce viremia and subsequent transmission will always be an important part of the solution to bring this epidemic under control. In this thesis, the first HIV-1 vaccine candidate to focus on conserved regions of the virus (HIVconsv) was assessed in a phase I clinical trial conducted in healthy HIV-1/2 negative volunteers in Oxford. The HIVconsv T-cell immunogen was delivered using three leading vaccine modalities (DNA (D), modified vaccinia virus Ankara (M) and chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 63 (C)), in several novel heterologous prime-boost regimens. The frequency of T cells elicited through HIVconsv vaccination in the CM and DDDCM regimens surpassed that of previous HIV-1 cell-mediated vaccines. A large proportion of these T cells produced multiple cytokines and proliferated in response to recall peptides. The breadth of T-cell responses were also greater than the non-efficacious STEP study vaccine, with an average of 10 T-cell epitopes per vaccine recipient recognised across CM and DDDCM regimens. In vitro HIV-1 control mediated by CD8⁺ T cells was demonstrated for all vaccinees receiving the CM regimen, mainly against clade A (U455) and clade B (IIIB) isolates. Two vaccinees, demonstrated superior control of 6/8 and 7/8 viruses from the panel. The CM regimen induced significantly higher magnitudes of viral inhibition compared to the DDDCM or DDDMC regimens, with this regimen showing potential to overcome the disadvantage for subjects of carrying non-protective HLA alleles. Investigation of T-cell specificities revealed that the frequencies of T cells specific for conserved Gag but more so Pol regions significantly correlated with in vitro virus control. Direct examination of peptide expanded T-cell lines showed that all Pol pool- and limited Gag pool-specific cell lines reduced HIV-1 replication in vitro. In most individuals, targeting multiple HIV-1 epitopes concomitantly resulted in higher levels of virus inhibition than targeting a single viral epitope and two T-cell specificities showed enhanced control of HIV-1; the first within Pol (TAFTIPSI) and second from Gag (TERQANFL). These data support further development of the conserved region strategy for T-cell vaccines against HIV-1.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Wang, Yibing. "Study of cysteines in the stalk region of CD3 proteins : evolutionarily conserved residues critical for T cell development and function /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2008.

Find full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph.D. in Immunology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-153). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Van, Vleet Eric. "From Passive to Active Community Conservation: A Study of Forest Governance in a Region of the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/823.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis investigates how seven communities in a subregion of the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca are conserving high forest cover in the absence of national protected areas. To conduct this study I relied on archival research and the review of community documents, focus group interviews and land use transects to explore historical and current land use. I found that communities have conserved 88.34% of the subregion as forest cover, or 58,596 hectares out of a total territory of 66,264 hectares. Analysis suggests that the communities have undergone a historical transition from more passive conservation to more active, conscious conservation particularly in the last decade. This thesis further contends that communities deserve additional financial compensation for this active conservation of globally important forests for biodiversity conservation and that exercises in systematic conservation planning ignore the reality that existing biodiversity conservation in the subregion is associated with community ownership.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Olinski, Robert Piotr. "Evolutionary Analysis of the Insulin-Relaxin Gene Family from the Perspective of Gene and Genome Duplication Events." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7892.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Xu, Lin. "HIV-1 mucosal immunity : from infection to prevention : HIV-1 envelope gp41 conserved region P1 modulates the mucosal innate immune response and acts as a potential mucosal adjuvant The HIV-1 viral synapse signals human foreskin keratinocytes to secrete thymic stromal lymphopoietin facilitating HIV-1 foreskin entry By shaping the antigen binding site in IgA, the CH1α domain is crucial for HIV-1 protection in highly exposed sero-negative individuals The antigen HIV-1 envelope gp41 conserved region P1 can act as mucosal adjuvant by modulating the innate immune response." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB071.

Full text

Abstract:

La vaccination muqueuse, notamment celle administrée par voie nasale, est considérée comme la méthode optimale permettant de protéger les sites muqueux de l'infection par des pathogènes. Cependant, le manque d'adjuvants muqueux spécifiques ainsi qu'une prise en compte insuffisante du système immun nasal limite le développement des vaccins muqueux. P1, un domaine conservé de gp41, la glycoprotéine d'enveloppe du VIH-1, a été récemment utilisé par le laboratoire d'acceuil pour développer un vaccin prophylactique muqueux après immunisation combinée par voie nasale et intra-musculaire. Ce vaccin s'est montré efficace lors études pré-cliniques et clinique de Phase I chez l'Homme, grâce à sa capacité d'induire des IgA muqueux contre P1 bloquant la pénétration muqueuse du VIH-1 par transcytose et de stimuler la production d'IgG spécifiques de gp41 induisant la lyse des cellules infectées par le VIH-1 par cytotoxicité cellulaire médiée par anticorps (ADCC). Dans le travail présenté ici, nous avons caractérisé les mécanismes immuns induits par ce vaccin basé sur P1 au niveau de la muqueuse nasale humaine. Tout d'abord, nous avons démontré que P1 initie une réponse immune en induisant la sécrétion de la cytokine TH2, la Thymic Stromal LymphoPoietin (TSLP), par les cellules épithéliales nasales. TSLP est connyu pour ses propriétés d'adjuvant muqueux puissant et son récepteur, le TSLP-R, joue un rôle déterminant dans la réponse muqueuse à IgA. Nous avons montré que P1 induit l'expression de TSLP via l'interaction de P1 avec le galactosyl céramide, un récepteur du VIH-1 permettant l'entrée muqueuse du virus. De plus, nous avons identifié la voie de signalisation Calcineurin/NFATet le microRNA- comme partenaire décisifs dans la régulation de la production de TSLP induite par P1. Dans un second temps, nous avons montré que le peptide P1 module la réponse innée en activant les cellules dendritiques (DCs). Cette stimulation par P1 induit l'augmentation de l'expression des molécules de co-stimulation par les DCs. La sécrétion de l'IL-6 et de l'IL-10 par les DCs est aussi augmentée par P1 alors que celle de l'interféron gamma, IFN-', est réduite, démontrant ainsi que les DCs activée par P1 se polarisent en une phénotype facilitant une réponse Th2 et IgA. De plus, l'IL-8 et les chimiokines CCL20 et CCL22 sont secrétées indiquant que les DCs ont acquis la capacité de recruter des cellules immunes dans la muqueuse pour initier une réponse muqueuse adaptative. La métalloprotéinase MMP-9 permettant la dégradation de la matrice extracellulaire et facilitant la migration des cellules hors de la muqueuse, est aussi produite. Une boucle positive autocrine de TSLP est observée, puisque P1 induit la sécrétion par les DCs de TSLP en conséquence l'augmentation de l'expression du TSLP-R par les DCs induite par P1. Finalement, P1 active la prolifération des lymphocytes TCD4+ médiée par les DCs. En conclusion, nous avons démontré que P1 est un peptide multifonctionnel avec un grand potentiel dans le développement de vaccin, non seulement comme antigène vaccinal candidat mais aussi comme potentiel adjuvant qui pourrait être combinés à d'autres vaccins muqueux
Mucosal vaccination, especially intranasal administrated ones, has been considered to be ideal for protection from pathogens invading through mucosal sites. However, the lack of specific adjuvant and insufficient acknowledgement of nasal immune system limits the development of vaccine. P1, a conserved region of gp41 envelope glycoprotein, was recently developed into a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine immunized via both the intramuscular and intranasal routes. It showed high efficiency in pre-clinical and phase I clinical trial due to induction of P1 specific mucosal IgA with transcytosis blocking activity and IgG inducing antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity. In this study, we characterized the immunological mechanism underneath P1-vaccine in nasal mucosa. Firstly, we demonstrated that P1 initiate immune responses by inducing nasal epithelial cells to secret the Th2 cytokine Thymic Stromal LymphoPoietin (TSLP). TSLP has been reported to be a strong mucosal adjuvant, and its receptor TSLP-R plays a critical role in IgA response. We showed that P1 induce TSLP expression via the interaction with galactosyl ceramide, the receptor of HIV-1 mucosal entry. Furthermore, we identified Calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway and microRNA-4485 as important players in the regulation of TSLP production induced by P1. Secondly, we showed that P1 modulates innate immune responses by activate dendritic cells (DCs). P1 stimulation results in enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules on DCs. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 were increased, while IFN-γ was reduced, indicating that P1 activated DCs polarize into a Th2 and IgA prone phenotype. In addition, IL-8, CCL20, CCL22 were produced indicating a capacity at recruiting immune cells to mucosal surface for initiation of an adaptive immune response. MMP-9 was also produced allowing degradation of the extracellular matrix and facilitating the migration of immune cells out of the mucosa. Stricingly, a TSLP autocrine loop was observed as P1 induced DCs to secret TSLP and meanwhile, enhanced DC expression of TSLP-R. Finally, P1 activated DCs enhanced the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that P1 is a multi-functional protein with a great interest for vaccine development, not only as an antigen for vaccine candidate, but also as a potential adjuvant that can be combined to other mucosal vaccines

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dantas, M?rcia Danielle de Ara?jo. "Estudo do genoma do v?rus causador da mionecrose infecciosa em camar?es e desenvolvimento de m?todos para detec??o de polimorfismos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12630.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarciaDAD_DISSERT.pdf: 4264187 bytes, checksum: 68a1d188a3ddcbd9b3e88211ae1a47e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-01
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Shrimp farming is one of the activities that contribute most to the growth of global aquaculture. However, this business has undergone significant economic losses due to the onset of viral diseases such as Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN). The IMN is already widespread throughout Northeastern Brazil and affects other countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and China. The main symptom of disease is myonecrosis, which consists of necrosis of striated muscles of the abdomen and cephalothorax of shrimp. The IMN is caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), a non-enveloped virus which has protrusions along its capsid. The viral genome consists of a single molecule of double-stranded RNA and has two Open Reading Frames (ORFs). The ORF1 encodes the major capsid protein (MCP) and a potential RNA binding protein (RBP). ORF2 encodes a probable RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and classifies IMNV in Totiviridae family. Thus, the objective of this research was study the IMNV complete genome and encoded proteins in order to develop a system differentiate virus isolates based on polymorphisms presence. The phylogenetic relationship among some totivirus was investigated and showed a new group to IMNV within Totiviridae family. Two new genomes were sequenced, analyzed and compared to two other genomes already deposited in GenBank. The new genomes were more similar to each other than those already described. Conserved and variable regions of the genome were identified through similarity graphs and alignments using the four IMNV sequences. This analyze allowed mapping of polymorphic sites and revealed that the most variable region of the genome is in the first half of ORF1, which coincides with the regions that possibly encode the viral protrusion, while the most stable regions of the genome were found in conserved domains of proteins that interact with RNA. Moreover, secondary structures were predicted for all proteins using various softwares and protein structural models were calculated using threading and ab initio modeling approaches. From these analyses was possible to observe that the IMNV proteins have motifs and shapes similar to proteins of other totiviruses and new possible protein functions have been proposed. The genome and proteins study was essential for development of a PCR-based detection system able to discriminate the four IMNV isolates based on the presence of polymorphic sites
A carcinicultura ? uma das atividades que mais contribui para o crescimento da aquicultura mundial. Entretanto, esta atividade vem sofrendo perdas econ?micas significativas devido ao surgimento de doen?as virais como a Mionecrose Infecciosa (IMN). A IMN j? est? disseminada em toda regi?o Nordeste do Brasil e atingiu outros pa?ses como Indon?sia, Tail?ndia e China. O principal sintoma da doen?a ? a mionecrose, que consiste na necrose dos m?sculos estriados do abd?men e do cefalot?rax do camar?o. A IMN ? causada pelo v?rus da mionecrose infecciosa (IMNV), um v?rus n?o envelopado que apresenta protrus?es ao longo de seu caps?deo. O genoma viral ? formado por uma ?nica mol?cula de RNA dupla fita e possui duas Open Reading Frames (ORFs). A ORF1 codifica a prote?na principal do caps?deo (MCP) e uma poss?vel prote?na de liga??o a RNA (RBP). A ORF2 codifica uma prov?vel RNA polimerase dependente de RNA (RdRp) e classifica o IMNV dentro da fam?lia Totiviridae. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi estudar o genoma completo do IMNV e as prote?nas codificadas no intuito de desenvolver um sistema que identificasse diferentes isolados do v?rus com base na presen?a de polimorfismos. A rela??o filogen?tica entre alguns totiv?rus foi investigada e mostrou um novo grupo para o IMNV dentro da fam?lia Totiviridae. Dois novos genomas foram sequenciados, analisados e comparados a outros dois genomas j? depositados no GenBank. Os novos genomas foram mais semelhantes entre si do que com aqueles j? descritos. Regi?es vari?veis e conservadas do genoma foram identificadas atrav?s de gr?ficos de similaridade e alinhamentos utilizando as quatro sequ?ncias do IMNV. Esta an?lise possibilitou o mapeamento de s?tios polim?rficos e revelou que a regi?o mais vari?vel do genoma se encontra na primeira metade da ORF1 e coincide com as regi?es que possivelmente codificam a protrus?o viral, enquanto que as regi?es mais est?veis se encontraram em dom?nios conservados de prote?nas que interagem com o RNA. Al?m disso, estruturas secund?rias foram preditas para todas as prote?nas empregando diversos softwares e modelos estruturais proteicos foram calculados usando modelagens por threading e simula??es ab initio. A partir dessas an?lises foi poss?vel observar que as prote?nas do IMNV possuem motivos e formas similares ?s prote?nas de outros totiv?rus, e novas poss?veis fun??es proteicas foram propostas. O estudo do genoma e das prote?nas foi essencial para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de detec??o baseado em PCR capaz de discriminar os quatro isolados do IMNV com base na presen?a de s?tios polim?rficos

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ramirez, Christina J. "BRCA genes : conserved regions and the potential effect of missense changes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5052.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Conserved region"

Kulpa, Janusz. Mutagenesis of the conserved C-terminal region of the FLP recombinase. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Instituto de Fomento de la Region de Murcia., ed. Catálogo de fabricantes de conservas vegetales y jugos: Region de Murcia. 2nd ed. [Espana]: Instituto de Fomento de la Region deMurcia, 1989.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

M, Lummis Cynthia, ed. Wyoming, like no place on Earth: Ways to conserve Wyoming's wonderful open lands : a guide book. [Wyoming: Governor's Office?, 1997.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Nencioni, Francesca, ed. A Giuseppe Dessí. Lettere editoriali e altra corrispondenza. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-156-0.

Full text

Abstract:

This volume completes the valuable work of cataloguing carried out on the correspondence of Giuseppe Dessí conserved in the 'Alessandro Bonsanti' contemporary archive of Florence. The research, launched by Chiara Andrei in 2003 with the edition of the Corrispondenze familiari (Firenze University Press) and continued in 2009 by Francesca Nencioni with the publication of Lettere di amici e lettori (Firenze University Press), has its third result in this work by Francesca Nencioni, who has indexed the unpublished editorial and professional material, providing it with exhaustive references. The letters make it possible to trace a profile of the writer from his youth through to the 70s, illustrating the historic, political and cultural backdrop against which the events and activities of both his first and second profession developed. This casts light not only his complex professional career, but also on Dessí's collaboration with newspapers and journals, his relations with publishers and his contacts with the world of the mass media. Of particular importance is the appendix of unpublished letters, meticulously edited by Monica Graceffa, comprising the correspondence with two seminal journals of the 1930s and 40s «L'Orto» and «Primato». In the background are the figures of Bottai and Vecchietti and the complex coexistence between the intellectuals of the time and the regime.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Grisi, Francesco. Leggende e racconti popolari della Calabria: Lo straordinario ritratto di una terra "magica" attraverso storie di santi ... personaggi emblematici d'una antica regione che conserva tracce di popoli remoti e diversissimi dai Greci ai Normanni, ai Saraceni. Roma: Newton Compton, 1987.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

D, Wikramanayake Eric, ed. Terrestrial ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: A conservation assessment. Washington D.C: Island Press, 2002.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

D, Burgess Neil, ed. Terrestrial ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A conservation assessment. Washington: Island Press, 2004.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

A, Abell Robin, and World Wildlife Fund (U.S.), eds. Freshwater ecoregions of North America: A conservation assessment. Washington, D.C: Island Press, 1999.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

H, Ricketts Taylor, ed. Terrestrial ecoregions of North America: A conservation assessment. Washington, D.C: Island Press, 1999.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Friesen, Helena. Mutagenesis of a conserved region of the gene encoding the FLP recombinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a role for Arginine 191 binding and ligation. 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Conserved region"

Borman, Andrew M., and Elizabeth M. Johnson. "Sequence-based Identification and Classification of Fungi." In Trends in the systematics of bacteria and fungi, 198–216. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244984.0198.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This book chapter describes the advantages and limitations of the ITS Region as a universal barcode for fungal identification. The ITS region offers several practical advantages as a universal fungal barcode region. The region encompasses segments that permit resolution at different taxonomic levels as it includes the highly conserved 5.8S rRNA gene, the moderately rapidly evolving ITS2 region and the rapidly evolving ITS1 region, flanked by the highly conserved SSU and LSU genes which permit design of PCR primers that are almost panfungal. Over the last two decades the sequence-based identification of fungi has certainly come of age. The ITS region is universally accepted as the primary fungal barcoding region owing to the high barcode gap with the locus for many groups of fungi. Since the species-resolution power of ITS is poor for certain groups of fungi, and higher-level taxonomic resolution is greater with proteincoding genes, the TEF1α locus has been proposed as the universal secondary barcode region. In addition, the historical problems surrounding the reliability of fungal DNA sequences in centralized repositories are slowly being resolved by the development of an increasing number of publicly accessible, curated databases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Shain, Hla, Karen A. Homer, Joe Aduse-Opoku, and David Beighton. "A Conserved Region of a Hyaluronidase Gene from Streptococcus intermedius." In Streptococci and the Host, 769–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_181.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Szaniszlo, Paul J., and Michelle Momany. "Chitin, chitin synthase and chitin synthase conserved region homologues in Wangiella dermatitidis." In Molecular Biology and its Application to Medical Mycology, 229–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84625-0_25.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Rast, Jonathan P., Paola Oliveri, and Eric H. Davidson. "Conserved linkage among sea urchin homologs of genes encoded in the vertebrate MHC region." In Major Histocompatibility Complex, 66–74. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65868-9_5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Burright, Eric N., N. German Pasteris, Michael D. Bialecki, and Jerome L. Gorski. "Use of cDNA Selection and Evolutionarily Conserved Sequences to Isolate Transcribed Sequences from Region Xp11.21." In Identification of Transcribed Sequences, 11–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2562-2_3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Andisi, Kivisi C., and Abdirahman I. Abdi. "Analysis of var Gene Transcription Pattern Using DBLα Tags." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 173–84. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_14.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) antigens, which are encoded by a multigene family called var genes, are exported and inserted onto the surface of the infected erythrocytes. PfEMP1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of severe malaria and are major targets of naturally acquired immunity. Studying the expression pattern of var genes in P. falciparum clinical isolates is crucial for understanding disease mechanism and immunity to malaria. However, var genes are highly variable, which makes it difficult to study their expression in clinical isolates obtained directly from malaria patients. In this chapter, we describe an approach for analysis of var gene expression that targets a region referred to as DBLα tag, which is relatively conserved in all var genes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kleinknecht, Konrad, and Ulrich Uwer. "Symmetry Violations and Quark Flavour Physics." In Particle Physics Reference Library, 519–623. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38207-0_9.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractOne of the surprising facts in our present understanding of the development of the Universe is the complete absence of “primordial” antimatter from the Big Bang about 13.7 billion years ago. The detection of charged cosmic-ray particles by magnetic spectrometers borne by balloons, satellites, and the space shuttle has shown no evidence for such primordial (high-energy) antibaryons; nor has the search for gamma rays from antimatter–matter annihilation yielded any such observation. In the early phases of the expanding Universe, a hot (1032 K) and dense plasma of quarks, antiquarks, leptons, antileptons and photons coexisted in equilibrium. This plasma expanded and cooled down, and matter and antimatter could recombine and annihilate into photons. If all interactions were symmetric with respect to matter and antimatter, and if baryon and lepton numbers were conserved, then all particles would finally convert to photons, and the expansion of the Universe would shift the wavelength of these photons to the far infrared region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Nguyen, Thien N., Christine Libon, and Stefan Ståhl. "Subunit Vaccine Candidates Engineered from the Central Conserved Region of the RSV G Protein Aimed for Parenteral or Mucosal Delivery." In Molecular Vaccines, 103–18. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1419-3_5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Wolinsky, Steven, Jan Andersson, and Anne Rowley. "Detection of a Highly Conserved Region of Herpesviridae DNA by In Vitro Enzymatic Amplification: Application to the Detection of a New Human Herpesvirus." In Immunobiology and Prophylaxis of Human Herpesvirus Infections, 219–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5853-4_23.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Plouffe, Bianca, and Mario Tiberi. "Functional Analysis of Human D1 and D5 Dopaminergic G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Lessons from Mutagenesis of a Conserved Serine Residue in the Cytosolic End of Transmembrane Region 6." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 141–80. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-251-3_10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Conserved region"

Ashfaq, Usman, and Shahid Mahmood. "Dengue NS5 global consensus sequence development to find conserved region for antiviral drug development." In MOL2NET, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mol2net-1-b032.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Zeng, Fansuo, Bo Li, Yaguang Zhan, Ying Xin, and Hongcui Zhao. "Notice of Retraction: Cloning and Expression Analysis of BADH Conserved cDNA Region from Fraxinus velutina." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5780134.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Jenny, Richard J., Debra D. Pittman, John J. Toole, Ronald W. Kriz, Randal J. Kaufman, and Kenneth G. Mann. "THE COMPLETE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF HUMAN FACTOR V." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643887.

Full text

Abstract:

cDNA clones encoding human factor V have been isolated and sequenced. The cDNA sequence of factor V obtained from overlapping clones includes a 6672 bp coding region, a 90 bp 5'-untranslated region and a 163 bp 3’-untranslated region including a poly-A tail. The deduced amino acid sequence consists of 2224 amino acids including a 28 amino acid leader peptide. A direct comparison to human factor VIII reveals considerable homology between both proteins with respect to amino acid sequence and domain structure. A triplicated "A" domain and duplicated "C" domain show an approximate 40% identity to the corresponding domains in factor VIII. Factor V and Factor VIII both possess a heavily glycosylated B domain that separates the heavy and light chains of the activated cofactors, although no significant homology is observed in this region. The B domain of factor V contains 35 tandem and approximately 9 additional semi - conserved repeats of nine amino acids of the form (D-L-S-Q-T-T-L-S-P) and 2 additional semi-conserved repeats of 17 amino acids. Factor V contains 37 potential N-linked glycosylation sites, 25 of which are in the B domain, and a total of 19 cysteine residues. By direct comparison to amino acid sequence obtained from both human and bovine factor V, the thrombin (IIa) cleavage sites have been assigned as Arg-709/Ser-710, Arg-1018/Thr-1019, and Are-1545/Ser-1546.(Supported by NIH Grant HL-34575)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Erokhina, T. N., S. K. Zavriev, D. Y. Ryazantsev, and S. Y. Morozov. "PEPTIDES ENCODED BY PRECURSOR TRANSCRIPTS OF MICRO-RNAs IN PLANTS." In NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. Institute of information technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-2-1.78-86.

Full text

Abstract:

The article discusses new data obtained in the study of the functions of a conservative peptide of cabbage plants, which is encoded by the microRNA156a. Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the promoter regions of these genes allowed us to identify a highly conserved 42-residue block located before the starting point of pri-miR156a transcription at a distance of 210-260 base pairs. It was found that promoter fragments containing a highly con-served block have a significantly higher ability to bind miPEP156a in vitro. We carried out mutagenesis of a highly conserved promoter block in its central part, which includes a tetramer of TG dinucleotides. It has been shown that the introduction of mutations into the promoter tetramer of TG dinucleotides significantly reduces the affinity of the promoter DNA to miPEP156a. The miPEPs revealed in plants have been found only in dicotyledons. The question of how miPEPs are distributed in other plant taxa is very important for understanding the evo-lutionary origin of such micropeptides. As an initial approach, we searched for taxonomically conservative miPEPs in mosses, since microRNAs have been studied in a great detail in the case of Physcomitrium patens moss. For two genes in the region preceding the Ppt-pre-miR160a sequence, rather short open reading frames were found that encoded peptides having a clear similarity of amino acid sequences in the central region. Importantly, such highly con-served peptide block homologous to that encoded by Ppt-miPEP160a gene was detected in short proteins encoded in pri-miR160a in almost 20 Bryopsida mosses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Tokuda, Aoi, Shoko Takahashi, Masafumi Yoshimoto, and Yuji Yaginuma. "Abstract 4049: Conserved region 2 of Human Papilloma Virus 18 protein E7 is required for E7 binding to centromere protein C." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4049.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Huber, P., J. Dalmon, M. Laurent, G. Courtois, D. Thevenon, and G. Marguerie. "CHARACTERIZATION OFTHE 5’FLANKING REGION FOR THE HUMAN FIBRINOGEN β GENE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642889.

Full text

Abstract:

Fibrinogen is coded by three separate genes located in a 50kb region of chromosome 4 and organized in a α - β - γ orientation with an inversion of the gene 3- A human genomic library was constructed using the EMBL4 phage and screened with cDNA probes coding for human fibrinogen Aα, Bβ and γ chains. Clones, covering the fibrinogen locus,were identified, and their organization was analyzed by means of hybridization and restriction mapping. Among these clones one recombinant phage containing the β gene and large 5’ and 3’ -flanking sequences was isolated.To identify the regulatory sequences Dpstream from the human β gene, a 1.5 kb fragment of the immediate 5’-flanking region was sequenced. The SI mapping experiments revealed three transcription initiation sites. PotentialTATA and CAAT sequences were identified upstream the initiation start points at the positions -21 and -58 from the first initiation start point.Comparison of this sequence with that previously reported for the same region upstream from the human γ gene revealed no significant homology which suggests that the potential promoting sequences of these genes are different. In contrast, comparison of the 5’flanking regions of human and rat β genes showed more than 80% homology for 142 bp upstream from the gene. This highly conserved region is a potential candidate for a regulatory sequence of the human β gene.To verify this activity, a β fibrinogen minigene was constructed by deletion of the internal part of the normal gene and including 3.4kb of the 5’flanking region and 1.4kb of the 3’flanking region. The minigene was transfected into HepG2, a human hepatoma cell line, to show whether the 5’flanking region of the human fibrinogen gene contains DNA sequences sufficient for efficient transcription in HepG2. Constructions of several parts of the sequenced 5’flanking region of the human β gene with the gene of the chloramphenical acetyl transferase have been also transfected in the HepG2 cells to determine the specificity of the gene expression and to localize the sequences controlling the transcription of the gene.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Deymier-Black, Alix C., Andrea G. Schwartz, Zhonghou Cai, Guy M. Genin, and Stavros Thomopoulos. "Mineral Morphology at the Tendon-to-Bone Interface Observed via High Energy X-Ray Diffraction." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14731.

Full text

Abstract:

Tough, graded interfaces are a broadly conserved feature of biological attachment of two dissimilar materials, but the mechanisms by which toughening occurs are not fully known. In biological systems, graded structures are commonly found in the attachments of materials with very different properties such as bone, which is very stiff, and tendon, which is compliant 1. Previous research has shown that the interface between these two materials is composed mostly of collagen, proteoglycans, and carbonated apatite crystals (mineral). Our working hypothesis is that gradients in mineral content and collagen orientation combine to provide a compliant energy absorbing region between the tendon and bone 1.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

alrajhi, Khazna. "Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant Roots and Rhizosphere Soil from different arid locations of Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0060.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently more attention or interest has been developed towards the role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in plant growth. Qatar, which is a part of the Arabian Gulf region, is mostly arid with hot and dry climatic conditions. The current research aims to investigate the Occurrence, species composition and abundance of AMF in Qatar, for which rhizosphere soil samples and roots of 16 plants belonging to 12 families from eight locations were collected. The AMF from different samples were identified based on the sequencing of the PCR product of the amplified conserved ITS region. The results showed that the AMF infection rate varies with location and plant species. Tamarix aphylla recorded the highest AMF infection rate (100%), followed by Blepharis ciliaris (98%) and Sporobolus ioclados (92%). AMF spore counts per 100g of soil ranged from 29.3 spores in Blepharis ciliaris to 643 spores /100g in Fagonia indica. The spore counts per location is variable and the range was 29.3 to 643/100g soil, however, no correlation has been detected between root colonization rate and spore counts. While all AMF identified at species levels were reported in other regions this research will be the first to investigate the AMF biodiversity from Qatar. However, new species are still expected since some were identified only at higher taxonomic levels. Claroideoglomus drummondii and Rhizophagus irregularis were the most widespread species while Claroideoglomus claroideum and Diversispora aurantia were the less present. This study provides comprehensive biological data about taxonomy, distribution and prevalence of AMF in Qatar soil, which opens new research towards developing its future applications for environmental conservation and sustainable agriculture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Chung, D. W., R. Asakai, and E. W. Davie. "THE ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN FACTOR XI GENE: CORRELATION OF INTRON AND EXON LOCATIONS WITH STRUCTURAL DOMAINS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642802.

Full text

Abstract:

Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) is a plasma glycoprotein that participates in the contact activation of blood coagulation. In the present study, the organization of the gene for human factor XI has been elucidated. The gene for human factor XI has been isolated from two independent human genomic λ phage libraries using a full length cDNA for human factor XI as a hybridization probe. Four overlapping recombinant λ phage containing the human factor XI gene have been isolated and characterized. Restriction mapping, Southern blotting and hybridization studies indicate that the entire gene for human factor XI is 25 kilobases in length. Overlapping regions of the gene have been subcloned and the DNA sequence of selective regions has been determined. These results show that the gene for factor XI is composed of 15 exons and 14 introns. Exon I codes for the 5′ noncoding sequences and exon II codes for the signal peptide of 18 amino acid residues. The four tandem repeats that constitute the heavy chain of factor XIa are each encoded by two consecutive exons (exons III and IV, V and VI, VII and VIII, IX and X). The location of the introns and the junction type among these four tandem repeats are strictly conserved. Exon XI, XII, XIII, XIV and XV code for the light chain of factor XIa that contains the serine protease part of the molecule. The location of the introns and the junction types in this region of the gene are identical to those in the corresponding regions of the genes for human tissue plasminogen activator and porcine urokinase. These results show that gene duplication and exon shuffling play a significant role in the evolution of the human factor XI gene. (Supported in part by NIH Grant HL 16919 and AHA Grant 82-221.)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bailey, D. W., and J. F. Carrotte. "The Influence of Inlet Swirl on the Flow Within an Annular S-Shaped Duct." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-060.

Full text

Abstract:

An experimental investigation has been carried out to determine the effects of inlet swirl on the flow field that develops within an annular S-shaped duct. The duct is representative of that used to connect the compressor spools on multi-spool gas turbine engines. By removing the outlet guide vanes from an upstream single stage compressor swirl angles in excess of 30° were generated. Results show that within the S-shaped duct tangential momentum (Wr) is conserved, leading to increasing swirl velocities through the duct as the radius decreases. Furthermore, this component influences the streamwise velocity as pressure gradients are established to ensure the mean flow follows the duct curvature. Consequently in the critical region adjacent to the inner casing, where separation is likely to occur, higher streamwise velocities are observed. Within the duct substantial changes also occur to the turbulence field which results in an increased stagnation pressure loss between duct inlet and exit. Data is also presented showing the increasing swirl angles through the duct which has consequences both for the design of the downstream compressor spool and of any radial struts which may be located within the duct.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Conserved region"

McElwain, Terry F., Eugene Pipano, Guy H. Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephn A. Hines, and Wendy C. Brown. Protection of Cattle against Babesiosis: Immunization against Babesia bovis with an Optimized RAP-1/Apical Complex Construct. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573063.bard.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous research and current efforts at control of babesiosis fall short of meeting the needs of countries where the disease is endemic, such as Israel, as well as the needs of exporting countries and countries bordering on endemic areas, such as the U.S. Our long-term goal is to develop improved methods of immunization against bovine babesiosis based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune protection and parasite targets of a protective immune response. In our previous BARD project, we established the basis for focusing on rhoptry antigens as components of a subunit vaccine against bovine babesiosis, and for additional research to better characterize rhoptry associated protein-1 (RAP-1) as a target of protective immunity. In this continuation BARD project, our objectives were to [1] optimize the immune response against RAP-1, and [2] identify additional rhoptry candidate vaccine antigens. The entire locus encoding B. bovis RAP-1 was sequenced, and the rap-1 open reading frame compared among several strains. Unlike B. bigemina, in which multiple gene copies with variant domains encode RAP-1, the B. bovis RAP-1 locus contains only two identical genes which are conserved among strains. Through testing of multiple truncated constructs of rRAP-1, one or more immunodominant T cell epitopes were mapped to the amino terminal half of RAP-1. At least one linear and one conformational B cell epitope have been demonstrated in the same amino terminal construct, which in B. bigemina RAP-1 also contains an epitope recognized by neutralizing antibody. The amine terminal half of the molecule represents the most highly conserved part of the gene family and contains motifs conserved broadly among the apicomplexa. In contrast, the carboxy terminal half of B. bovis RAP-1 is less well conserved and contains multiple repeats encoding a linear B cell epitope potentially capable of inducing an ineffective, T cell independent, type 2 immune response. Therefore, we are testing an amino terminal fragment of RAP-1 (RAP-1N) in an immunization trial in cattle. Cattle have beer immunized with RAP-1N or control antigen, and IL-12 with Ribi adjuvant. Evaluation of the immune response is ongoing, and challenge with virulent B. bovis will occur in the near future. While no new rhoptry antigens were identified, our studies did identify and characterize a new spherical body antigen (SBP3), and several heat shock proteins (HSP's). The SBP3 and HSP21 antigens stimulate T cells from immune cattle and are considered new vaccine candidates worthy of further testing. Overall, we conclude that a single RAP-1 vaccine construct representing the conserved amino terminal region of the molecule should be sufficient for immunization against all strains of B. bovis. While results of the ongoing immunization trial will direct our next research steps, results at this time are consistent with our long term goal of designing a subunit vaccine which contains only the epitopes relevant to induction of protective immunity. Parallel studies are defining the mechanisms of protective immunity. Apicomplexan protozoa, including babesiosis and malaria, cause persistent diseases for which control is inadequate. The apical organelles are defining features of these complex protozoa, and have been conserved through the evolutionary process, Past and current BARD projects on babesiosis have established the validity and potential of exploiting these conserved organelles in developing improved control methods applicable to all apicomplexan diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Weller, Joel, Harris Lewin, Micha Ron, George Wiggans, and Paul VanRaden. A Systematic Genome Search for Genes Affecting Economic Traits Dairy Cattle with the Aid of Genetic Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695836.bard.

Full text

Abstract:

The objectives were to continue collection of semen for the US dairy bull DNA repository, to conduct a systematic search of the Holstein genome for economically significant economic trait loci (ETL), to develop and refine statistical techniques for the analysis of the data generated, and to confirm significant effects by genotyping daughters i Israel and additional US sons. One-thousand-seventy-six sons of eight US grandsires were genotyped for 174 microsatellites located on all 29 autosomes. ETL were detected for milk production traits on seven chromosomes. ETL for milk and fat yield and fat and protein percentage on BTA3 was mapped to between the markers BL41 and TGLA263. The 95% confidence interval for the ETL affecting fat percentage on BTA14 localized this ETL between the contromere and chromosome position 11 cM. This ETL was verified in the Israeli cattle population by genotyping an independent sample of cows from seven families. The radiation hybrid data for the centromeric region of BTA14 is defined by a single linkage group. Order of Type I genes within this region, CYC-FADK-TG-SQLE, is conserved between human and cattle. Thus, HSA8, the human homologue of BTA14, can be used to identify candidate genes for the ETL.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Rainina, Evguenia I., and E. Sventitsky. Multi-targeted siRNA against conserved genomic regions of flu: new therapeutics with broad activity against emerging flu strains. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1474135.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abbott, Albert G., Doron Holland, Douglas Bielenberg, and Gregory Reighard. Structural and Functional Genomic Approaches for Marking and Identifying Genes that Control Chilling Requirement in Apricot and Peach Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591742.bard.

Full text

Abstract:

Structural and functional genomic approaches for marking and identifying genes that control chilling requirement in apricot and peach trees. Specific aims: 1) Identify and characterize the genetic nature of chilling requirement for flowering and dormancy break of vegetative shoots in Prunusgermplasm through the utilization of existing apricot (NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (Clemson University) genetic mapping populations; 2) Use molecular genetic mapping techniques to identify markers flanking genomic regions controlling chilling; 3) Comparatively map the regions controlling chilling requirement in apricot and peach and locate important genomic regions influencing chilling requirement on the Prunus functional genomic database as an initial step for identification of candidate genes; 4) Develop from the functional genomics database a set of markers facilitating the development of cultivars with optimized chilling requirements for improved and sustained fruit production in warm-winter environments. Dormant apricot (prunus armeniaca L.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees require sustained exposure to low, near freezing, temperatures before vigorous floral and vegetative bud break is possible after the resumption of warm temperatures in the spring. The duration of chilling required (the chilling requirement, CR) is determined by the climatic adaptation of the particular cultivar, thus limiting its geographic distribution. This limitation is particularly evident when attempting to introduce superior cultivars to regions with very warm winter temperatures, such as Israel and the coastal southern United States. The physiological mechanism of CR is not understood and although breeding programs deliberately manipulate CR in apricot and peach crosses, robust closely associated markers to the trait are currently not available. We used segregating populations of apricot (100 Fl individuals, NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (378 F2 individuals, Clemson University) to discover several discreet genomic loci that regulate CR and blooming date. We used the extensive genomic/genetic resources available for Prunus to successfully combine our apricot and peach genetic data and identify five QTL with strong effects that are conserved between species as well as several QTL that are unique to each species. We have identified markers in the key major QTL regions for testing in breeding programs which we are carrying out currently; we have identified an initial set of candidate genes using the peach physical/transcriptome map and whole peach genome sequences and we are testing these currently to identify key target genes for manipulation in breeding programs. Our collaborative work to date has demonstrated the following: 1) CR in peach and apricot is predominantly controlled by a limited number ofQTL loci, seven detected in a peach F2 derived map comprising 65% of the character and 12 in an apricot Fl map comprising 71.6% and 55.6% of the trait in the Perfection and A. 1740 parental maps, respectively and that peach and apricot appear in our initial maps to share five genomic intervals containing potentially common QTL. 2) Application of common anchor markers of the Prunus/peach, physical/genetic map resources has allowed us not only to identify the shared intervals but also to have immediately available some putative candidate gene information from these intervals, the EVG region on LG1 in peach the TALY 1 region in apricot on LG2 in peach; and several others involved in vernalization pathways (LGI and LG7). 3) Mapped BACcontigs are easily defined from the complete physical map resources in peach through the common SSR markers that anchor our CR maps in the two species, 4) Sequences of BACs in these regions can be easily mined for additional polymorphic markers to use in MAS applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Wang, M., C. Rossi, and C. S. Schmaljohn. Expression of Non-Conserved Regions of the S Genome Segments of Three Hantaviruses: Evaluation of the Expressed Polypeptides for Diagnosis of Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269774.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Fahima, Tzion, and Jorge Dubcovsky. Map-based cloning of the novel stripe rust resistance gene YrG303 and its use to engineer 1B chromosome with multiple beneficial traits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598147.bard.

Full text

Abstract:

Research problem: Bread wheat (Triticumaestivum) provides approximately 20% of the calories and proteins consumed by humankind. As the world population continues to increase, it is necessary to improve wheat yields, increase grain quality, and minimize the losses produced by biotic and abiotic stresses. Stripe rust, caused by Pucciniastriiformisf. sp. tritici(Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. The new pathogen races are more virulent and aggressive than previous ones and have produced large economic losses. A rich source for stripe-rust resistance genes (Yr) was found in wild emmer wheat populations from Israel. Original Project goals: Our long term goal is to identify, map, clone, characterize and deploy in breeding, novel wild emmer Yr genes, and combine them with multiple beneficial traits. The current study was aiming to map and clone YrG303 and Yr15, located on chromosome 1BS and combine them with drought resistance and grain quality genes. Positional cloning of YrG303/Yr15: Fine mapping of these genes revealed that YrG303 is actually allelic to Yr15. Fine genetic mapping using large segregating populations resulted in reduction of the genetic interval spanning Yr15 to less than 0.1 cM. Physical mapping of the YrG303/Yr15 locus was based on the complete chromosome 1BS physical map of wheat constructed by our group. Screening of 1BS BAC library with Yr15 markers revealed a long BAC scaffold covering the target region. The screening of T. dicoccoidesaccession-specific BAC library with Yr15 markers resulted in direct landing on the target site. Sequencing of T. dicoccoidesBAC clones that cover the YrG303/Yr15 locus revealed a single candidate gene (CG) with conserved domains that may indicate a role in disease resistance response. Validation of the CG was carried out using EMS mutagenesis (loss-of- function approach). Sequencing of the CG in susceptible yr15/yrG303 plants revealed three independent mutants that harbour non-functional yr15/yrG303 alleles within the CG conserved domains, and therefore validated its function as a Pstresistance gene. Evaluation of marker-assisted-selection (MAS) for Yr15. Introgressions of Yr15 into cultivated wheat are widely used now. Recently, we have shown that DNA markers linked to Yr15 can be used as efficient tools for introgression of Yr15 into cultivated wheat via MAS. The developed markers were consistent and polymorphic in all 34 tested introgressions and are the most recommended markers for the introgression of Yr15. These markers will facilitate simultaneous selection for multiple Yr genes and help to avoid escapees during the selection process. Engineering of improved chromosome 1BS that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We have implemented the knowledge and genetic resources accumulated in this project for the engineering of 1B "super-chromosome" that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We completed the generation of a chromosome including the rye 1RS distal segment associated with improved drought tolerance with the Yr gene, Yr15, and the strong gluten allele 7Bx-over-expressor (7Bxᴼᴱ). We have completed the introgression of this improved chromosome into our recently released variety Patwin-515HP and our rain fed variety Kern, as well as to our top breeding lines UC1767 and UC1745. Elucidating the mechanism of resistance exhibited by Yr36 (WKS1). The WHEAT KINASE START1 (WKS1) resistance gene (Yr36) confers partial resistance to Pst. We have shown that wheat plants transformed with WKS1 transcript are resistant to Pst. WKS1 is targeted to the chloroplast where it phosphorylates the thylakoid-associatedascorbateperoxidase (tAPX) and reduces its ability to detoxify peroxides. Based on these results, we propose that the phosphorylation of tAPX by WKS1 reduces the ability of the cells to detoxify ROS and contributes to cell death. Distribution and diversity of WKS in wild emmer populations. We have shown that WKS1 is present only in the southern distribution range of wild emmer in the Fertile Crescent. Sequence analysis revealed a high level of WKS1 conservation among wild emmer populations, in contrast to the high level of diversity observed in NB-LRR genes. This phenomenon shed some light on the evolution of genes that confer partial resistance to Pst. Three new WKS1 haplotypes displayed a resistance response, suggesting that they can be useful to improve wheat resistance to Pst. In summary, we have improved our understanding of cereals’ resistance mechanisms to rusts and we have used that knowledge to develop improved wheat varieties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Wisniewski, Michael, Samir Droby, John Norelli, Dov Prusky, and Vera Hershkovitz. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of postharvest decay resistance in Malus sieversii and the identification of pathogenicity effectors in Penicillium expansum. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597928.bard.

Full text

Abstract:

Use of Lqh2 mutants (produced at TAU) and rNav1.2a mutants (produced at the US side) for identifying receptor site-3: Based on the fact that binding of scorpion alpha-toxins is voltage-dependent, which suggests toxin binding at the mobile voltage-sensing region, we analyzed which of the toxin bioactive domains (Core-domain or NC-domain) interacts with the DIV Gating-module of rNav1.2a. This analysis was based on the assumption that the dissociation of toxin mutants upon depolarization would vary from that of the unmodified toxin should the substitutions affect a site of interaction with the channel Gating-module. Using a series of toxin mutants (mutations at both domains) and two channel mutants that were shown to reduce the sensitivity to scorpion alpha-toxins, and by comparison of depolarization-driven dissociation of Lqh2 derivatives off their binding site at rNav1.2a mutant channels we found that the toxin Core-domain interacts with the Gating-module of DIV. Details of the experiments and results appear in Guret al (2011). Mapping receptor site 3 at Nav1.2a by extensive channel mutagenesis (Seattle): Since previous studies with photoaffinity labeling and antibody mapping implicated domains I and IV in scorpion alpha-toxin binding, Nav1.2 channel mutants containing substitutions at these extracellular regions were expressed and tested for receptor function by whole-cell voltage clamp. Of a large number of channel mutants, T1560A, F1610A, and E1613A in domain IV had ~5.9-, ~10.7-, and ~3.9-fold lower affinities for the scorpion toxin Lqh2, respectively, and mutant E1613R had 73-fold lower affinity. Toxin dissociation was accelerated by depolarization for both wild-type and mutants, and the rates of dissociation were also increased by mutations T1560A, F1610A and E1613A. In contrast, association rates for these three mutant channels at negative membrane potentials were not significantly changed and were not voltage-dependent. These results indicated that Thr1560 in the S1-S2 loop, Phe1610 in the S3 segment, and Glu1613 in the S3-S4 loop in domain IV participate in toxin binding. T393A in the SS2-S6 loop in domain I also showed a ~3.4-fold lower affinity for Lqh2, indicating that this extracellular loop may form a secondary component of the toxin binding site. Analysis with the Rosetta-Membrane algorithm revealed a three-dimensional model of Lqh2 binding to the voltage sensor in a resting state. In this model, amino acid residues in an extracellular cleft formed by the S1-S2 and S3-S4 loops in domain IV that are important for toxin binding interact with amino acid residues on two faces of the wedge-shaped Lqh2 molecule that are important for toxin action. The conserved gating charges in the S4 transmembrane segment are in an inward position and likely form ion pairs with negatively charged amino acid residues in the S2 and S3 segments (Wang et al 2011; Gurevitz 2012; Gurevitzet al 2013).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

McClure, Michael A., Yitzhak Spiegel, David M. Bird, R. Salomon, and R. H. C. Curtis. Functional Analysis of Root-Knot Nematode Surface Coat Proteins to Develop Rational Targets for Plantibodies. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575284.bard.

Full text

Abstract:

The goal of this research was to provide a better understanding of the interface between root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and their host in order to develop rational targets for plantibodies and other novel methods of nematode control directed against the nematode surface coat (SC). Specific objectives were: 1. To produce additional monoclonal SC antibodies for use in Objectives 2, 3, and 4 and as candidates for development of plantibodies. 2. To determine the production and distribution of SC proteins during the infection process. 3. To use biochemical and immunological methods to perturbate the root-knot nematode SC in order to identify SC components that will serve as targets for rationally designed plantibodies. 4. To develop SC-mutant nematodes as additional tools for defining the role of the SC during infection. The external cuticular layer of nematodes is the epicuticle. In many nematodes, it is covered by a fuzzy material termed "surface coat" (SC). Since the SC is the outermost layer, it may playa role in the interaction between the nematode and its surroundings during all life stages in soil and during pathogenesis. The SC is composed mainly of proteins, carbohydrates (which can be part of glycoproteins), and lipids. SC proteins and glycoproteins have been labeled and extracted from preparasitic second-stage juveniles and adult females of Meloidogyne and specific antibodies have been raised against surface antigens. Antibodies can be used to gain more information about surface function and to isolate genes encoding for surface antigens. Characterization of surface antigens and their roles in different life-stages may be an important step towards the development of alternative control. Nevertheless, the role of the plant- parasitic nematode's surface in plant-nematode interaction is still not understood. Carbohydrates or carbohydrate-recognition domains (CROs) on the nematode surface may interact with CROs or carbohydrate molecules, on root surfaces or exudates, or be active after the nematode has penetrated into the root. Surface antigens undoubtedly play an important role in interactions with microorganisms that adhere to the nematodes. Polyclonal (PC) and monoclonal (MC) antibodies raised against Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and other plant-parasitic nematodes, were used to characterize the surface coat and secreted-excreted products of M. javanica and M. incognita. Some of the MC and PC antibodies raised against M. incognita showed cross-reactivity with the surface coat of M. javanica. Further characterization, in planta, of the epitopes recognized by the antibodies, showed that they were present in the parasitic juvenile stages and that the surface coat is shed during root penetration by the nematode and its migration between root cells. At the molecular level, we have followed two lines of experimentation. The first has been to identify genes encoding surface coat (SC) molecules, and we have isolated and characterized a small family of mucin genes from M. incognita. Our second approach has been to study host genes that respond to the nematode, and in particular, to the SC. Our previous work has identified a large suite of genes expressed in Lycopersicon esculentum giant cells, including the partial cDNA clone DB#131, which encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase. Isolation and predicted translation of the mature cDNA revealed a frame shift mutation in the translated region of nematode sensitive plants. By using primers homologous to conserved region of DB#131 we have identified the orthologues from three (nematode-resistant) Lycopersicon peruvianum strains and found that these plants lacked the mutation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Mora-Pérez, Dora, Diego Hernán Rodríguez-Hernández, Aldemar Molano-Pérez, Carolina Ramírez-Rodríguez, Gerson Rojas-Rojas, José Jaramillo-Mosquera, María Fernanda Bernal-Sánchez, and Pastor Enrique Quintero-Carvajal. Boletín Económico Regional: Centro, III trimestre de 2022. Banco de la República Colombia, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/ber-cent.tr3-2022.

Full text

Abstract:

En el tercer trimestre de 2022, la economía de la región Centro presentó aumento anual, aunque algunos indicadores mostraron signos de desaceleración. La dinámica del comercio, la hotelería y el transporte estuvo relacionada con la celebración de eventos culturales y deportivos. Sin embargo, el consumo se ralentizó por la menor capacidad de compra de los hogares ante los elevados precios. En tanto, la construcción conservó su tendencia positiva destacándose el desempeño de la vivienda de interés social. Por su parte la actividad agropecuaria continuó en ascenso, pero estuvo afectada por la intensidad de las lluvias y el elevado costo de los insumos. Este fenómeno climatológico también impactó la industria que, a pesar de ello, mantuvo niveles similares a los de un año atrás. Por el lado de comercio exterior, se destacaron las ventas de café y las compras para la industria. Finalmente, la inflación siguió su tendencia alcista mientras que la ocupación mejoró.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Eshed, Yuval, and John Bowman. Harnessing Fine Scale Tuning of Endogenous Plant Regulatory Processes for Manipulation of Organ Growth. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696519.bard.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and objectives: Manipulation of plant organ growth is one of the primary reasons for the success of mankind allowing increasing amounts of food for human and livestock consumption. In contrast with the successful selection for desirable growth characteristics using plant breeding, transgenic manipulations with single genes has met limited success. While breeding is based on accumulation of many small alterations of growth, usually arise from slight changes in expression patterns, transgenic manipulations are primarily based on drastic, non-specific up-regulation or knock down of genes that can exert different effects during different stages of development. To successfully harness transgenic manipulation to attain desirable plant growth traits we require the tools to subtly regulate the temporal and spatial activity of plant growth genes. Polar morphology along the adaxial/abaxial axis characterizes lateral organs of all plants. Juxtaposition of two cell types along this axis is a prerequisite of laminar growth induction. In the study summarized here, we addressed the following questions: Can we identify and harness components of the organ polarity establishment pathway for prolonged growth? Can we identify specific regulatory sequences allowing spatial and temporal manipulation in various stages of organ development? Can we identify genes associated with YABBY-induced growth alterations? Major conclusions and implications: We showed that regulated expression, both spatially and temporally of either organ polarity factors such as the YABBY genes, or the organ maturation program such as the CIN-TCPs can stimulate substantial growth of leaves and floral organs. Promoters for such fine manipulation could be identified by comparison of non-coding sequences of KAN1, where a highly conserved domain was found within the second intron, or by examination of multiple 5” regions of genes showing transient expression along leaf ontogeny. These promoters illustrate the context dependent action of any gene we examined thus far, and facilitate fine tuning of the complex growth process. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. The present study was carried out on the model organism Arabidopsis, and the broad application of its findings were tested in the tomato crop. We learned that all central regulators of organ polarity are functionally conserved, probably in all flowering plants. Thus, with minor modifications, the rules and mechanisms outlined in this work are likely to be general.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

Academic literature on the topic 'Conserved region'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Contents

Journal articles on the topic "Conserved region"

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conserved region"

Books on the topic "Conserved region"

Book chapters on the topic "Conserved region"

Conference papers on the topic "Conserved region"

Reports on the topic "Conserved region"