Academic literature on the topic 'Conservatorismo'

L'elaborato tratta la nuova legge elettorale libanese approvata dal parlamento il 17 giugno 2017, che ha introdotto il sistema proporzionale, il voto dall'estero e la scheda elettorale prestampata. L'analisi inserisce la legge sia nel quadro delle vicende della storia recente e meno recente del libano, con particolare attenzione alle dinamiche interconfessionali, sia nel contesto legislativo in materia elettorale precedente. Il contesto è fondamentale per capire in quale direzione si muove questa nuova legge elettorale; se nella direzione disegnata dagli accordi internazionali firmati dal paese dei cedri (in particolare quelli di Ta'if del 1989 e quelli di Doha del 2008), o se nella direzione che conserva gli interessi e le dinamiche confessionali.

L’Arabia Saudita lavora a un programma di riforme per rendere indipendente il Paese dagli introiti del petrolio entro il 2030. Esse riguardano l’economia, il settore turistico e il sistema di welfare nazionale, ma hanno delle serie ripercussioni nel quadro della lotta alla parità di genere e della tolleranza religiosa. Questo lavoro delinea la storia dei meccanismi di potere sauditi chiarendo i rapporti di continuità con il passato e i risvolti innovativi del presente allo scopo di indagare sui possibili retroscena di questa politica e capire se si tratti veramente di un processo di modernizzazione o se ci sia la sola intenzione di cambiare tutto affinché tutto rimanga com’è, un Paese fortemente tradizionalista spesso accusato di ledere il rispetto dei diritti umani fondamentali. Nella formulazione dell’elaborato si tengono in considerazione alcuni dei più importanti studi in materia di politica interna saudita e ci si attiene all’analisi di fonti giornalistiche d’inchiesta dal momento dell’ascesa al trono di re Salmān. Lo studio si compone di cinque capitoli che riguardano la politica interna, la religione, la società, l’economia e la politica estera saudita perché necessaria per capire come, un processo strategico di sviluppo nazionale, possa rivelarsi determinante nella costruzione di un futuro globale.

The hypothesis of this research is that a fundamental conservative tension exists within neoliberalism, allowing to read it not simply as an economic theory, but as a political doctrine. Paraphrasing John G. A. Pocock, this thesis identifies a conservative «moment» of neoliberalism, that is, a conceptual core that, according to historical and geographical contexts, theorizes society as a hierarchical order, institutionalized through structures such as the family, the community and tradition. In this respect, this thesis investigates how historically neoliberalism emerged from a constitutive need to defend the market order against the collectivist demands of socialism and against the claims of social movements that were threatening its hold. Within this theoretical-political conflict, the conservative conceptual apparatus became the privileged instrument for reaffirming the hierarchies functional to the valorization of capital and to the government of individual freedom. The hypothesis of this work is examined through a necessarily global perspective, which first investigates the European genesis and then the transatlantic transmission of neoliberalism in three different contexts, selected because of their relevance in the conservative declination of neoliberalism. The first part of the thesis focuses on Europe in the period between the 1930s and the end of the 1950s, with particular attention to Germany, Austria and England, where neoliberal doctrines emerged in response to the crisis of the 1930s, the rise of a mass society, the advance of socialist parties and the spread of interventionist state models after World War II. The first chapter is devoted to the «conservative radicalism» of Wilhelm Röpke (1899-1966), who theorized the need for a legally regulated market and institutions such as the family and the community as instruments to ensure the obedience of individuals to a threatened social order, thus restoring the harmony and balance of market economy. He thus elaborated a model of civitas humana, animated by an ethic of social cooperation that could produce moral obligation towards the market order, presenting social hierarchies as necessary for both individual freedom and social stability. The second chapter investigates the conservative neoliberalism of Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992) who, like Röpke, witnessed the transformations brought about by the Great Depression and the advance of social-democratic systems of state regulation of society and the economy. It was precisely in opposition to these that he outlined a «constitution of freedom» based on the market order and legitimized by the unquestionable authority of tradition. Hayek’s writings are thus central to the investigation of the conservative moment of neoliberalism, as they engaged in a «battle of ideas» against socialism and its variants of government by employing the conceptual tools of conservatism as the ideological operators necessary to assert the cogency of the market order. The relevance of Röpke and Hayek, however, derived not only from their centrality in the theoretical elaboration of the neoliberal doctrine, but also and above all from their decisive role in the transatlantic diffusion of the conservative moment of neoliberalism. Following in the footsteps of Hayek in the United States and of both in Argentina, the second part of the thesis moves across the Atlantic. Here, the conservative moment of neoliberalism is investigated between the 1950s and the 1980s, first in the United States and then in Argentina. In the third chapter, the focus is on the neoconservatism of Irving Kristol (1920-2009) who, against social movements and the Great Society, faced the problem of restoring the liberal tradition and at the same time of reaffirming the legitimacy of the market order. In this sense, while recording the differences between neoliberals and neoconservatives, it will be possible to highlight a common, though not homogeneous identification of conservative social institutions as necessary to reaffirm the principle of authority and hierarchies indispensable to the functioning of the market order. Finally, the fourth chapter is devoted to the writings of Àlvaro Alsogaray (1913-2005), José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz (1925-2013) and Ricardo Zinn (1926-1995), through which it will be possible to interrogate the theoretical and institutional encounter between European-derived neoliberalism and the Argentinean dictatorial regime. In fact, these authors recognized neoliberalism as the only possible paradigm to oppose collectivist and dirigiste political models (peronism and developmentalism) and the dictatorship as an exceptional instrument to impose the market order. The Argentine case is therefore central to the development of the conservative «moment» of neoliberalism because it took to its extreme limit the constitutive contradiction between the freedom promised by the market and its constant limitation through conservative societal structures. Through different theoretical paths, the three authors allow to show how in Argentina, neoliberalism not only used a conservative theoretical apparatus in order to assert itself but identified dictatorship as the political condition of the market order.

Cada sociedad va desarrollando paulatinamente una identidad cultural la cual lleva consigo y donde los ciudadanos con sus costumbres, tradiciones, como diversas actividades que van creando un patrón cultural propio. Todo ello establece las diferencias con otros grupos sociales. Es innegable que cada una de las expresiones culturales demanda de un espacio donde exhibirse y desarrollarse, dentro de este concepto se crean distintos espacios arquitectónicos, encontrándose principalmente: museos, teatros, galerías de arte, etc. Estos se han edificado en distintos lugares con la intención de desconectarse entre sí a pesar de ser complementarios. El Conservatorio de Música elemento arquitectónico sobre el cual se recrea la presente investigación es un equipamiento cultural que nace a partir de la necesidad de crear una conciencia de fomento acerca de la música. Contribuyendo a que la población tenga un panorama mayor del mundo cultural que lo rodea.<br>Tesis

Propone, crear un conservatorio superior de música en la ciudad de Lima, que sea hito cultural dedicado a la enseñanza y difusión de la música a través del diseño de espacios privados para la enseñanza y espacios públicos de interacción para la difusión e interpretación musical. En el conservatorio será necesario hacer una arquitectura con conciencia acústica, que proporcione las cualidades adecuadas a los espacios dedicados a la música y cuidando la calidad de los sonidos. Tomarán en cuenta las nuevas tecnologías usadas en la enseñanza y difusión musical. Esta tesis es un proyecto que pretende resolver las necesidades de un conservatorio superior para la ciudad de Lima y además, dar un énfasis en el acercamiento e identificación con el público, haciendo una infraestructura inclusiva con la dinámica urbana de la ciudad, para su uso constante como lugar de pase o de reunión identificable con la cultura musical.

En el Perú, la música como profesión aún no tiene el valor que merece, esto parte principalmente por la falta de difusión y la falta de infraestructura necesaria para la enseñanza de esta. El Conservatorio Nacional de Música es la institución más prestigiosa del Perú en enseñanza musical, pero actualmente no cuenta con la infraestructura ni equipamientos adecuados. El proyecto busca diseñar la nueva sede del Conservatorio, que cumpla con todos los estándares técnicos y arquitectónicos para garantizar el buen aprendizaje de los alumnos. El partido arquitectónico se basa en reinterpretar el lenguaje musical en la arquitectura y unir el espacio público con el proyecto. Parte importante del proyecto es el gran espacio urbano al interior de este, que servirá para fomentar y difundir la música a toda la comunidad. En el aspecto funcional, el programa responde a una investigación de las necesidades específicas de alumnos, profesores y demás usuarios. La nueva sede del Conservatorio Nacional de Música en San Borja finalmente se plantea como un proyecto educativo y cultural para beneficio de toda la sociedad. In Peru, the musician’s career does not have the value that it deserves yet, which parts mainly from the lack of diffusion of the arts and the lack of adequate schools for it. The “Conservatorio Nacional de Música” is the most prestigious institution of Peru in music education, but currently, it does not have either proper infrastructure or facilities. This project seeks to design the new headquarters of the conservatory, achieving the technical and architectural standards the building needs in order to ensure the learning of its students. The architectural concept is based on the reinterpretation of the musical language in the architecture of the building and in unifying the public space with the project. A very important aspect of the design is the public plaza in it, which will serve to promote and spread the music to the entire community. On the other hand, the functional aspects of the project respond to an investigation of the specific needs of the students, teachers and every other user. The new headquarters of the “Conservatorio Nacional de Música”, located in San Borja, rises as an educational and cultural project for the benefit of society as a whole.<br>Tesis

El presente proyecto desarrolla la propuesta arquitectónica para la Nueva Sede del Conservatorio Nacional de Música, a través de una investigación descriptiva y proyectiva, que permita una visión general en respuesta a las necesidades y proyección de crecimiento de las sedes del actual Conservatorio Nacional de Música. Para ello se ha tenido en cuenta diferentes aspectos según del usuario, como la necesidad de mayores espacios, aumentar la capacidad de alumnado y satisfacer la futura demanda. El proyecto se encuentra ubicado en distrito de Pueblo Libre, en el cruce de la avenida Universitaria con la avenida Mariano H. Cornejo. Será parte del proceso de descentralización de las actividades culturales, teniendo cercanía con distritos con déficit de equipamiento cultural y reforzando el eje de equipamiento educativo. El proyecto arquitectónico plantea los ambientes necesarios para el desarrollo de las actividades del conservatorio, así como diversos espacios de presentaciones con diferentes capacidades de visitantes. Además, propone espacios comerciales complementarios al proyecto.<br>The project develops the architectural proposal for the New Campus of the National Conservatory of Music, through a descriptive and projective research, which allows a general vision in response to the needs and projection of growth of the campus of the current National Conservatory of Music. For this, different aspects have been taken into account depending on the user, such as the need for larger spaces, increasing the capacity of students and meeting future demand. The project is located in the Pueblo Libre district, in the city of Lima, the capital of Peru. Is at the crossroad of Universitaria avenue and Mariano H. Cornejo avenue. It will become part of the process of decentralization of cultural activities, having proximity to districts with a deficit of cultural equipment and reinforcing an axis of educational equipment. The architectural project proposes the necessary environments for the development of the activities of the conservatory, as well as various presentation spaces with different visitor capacities. In addition, it proposes commercial spaces complementary to the project.<br>Tesis

Aborda el desarrollo de una nueva sede para el Conservatorio Nacional de Música que abarque la enseñanza de distintos estilos de música como clásica y contemporánea, en el cual se cumple con las exigencias tecnológicas para el buen desarrollo del aprendizaje de los alumnos. La propuesta desarrolla una arquitectura el cual invita al usuario a recorrer los espacios e interactúe en ellos. Este se plantea como un foco turístico, cultural y de reunión que nace a partir de la actividad musical.

La nueva sede del Conservatorio Nacional de Música, institución de Educación Superior Pública que en la actualidad es la Universidad Nacional de Música, es un proyecto que propone unificar las 3 sedes existentes y, consolidar 5 pilares fundamentales: La importancia de la educación, la cultura, el patrimonio, el usuario y la arquitectura. Como énfasis arquitectónico se propone “el encuentro entre personas como clave para generar conocimiento”. Basados en los espacios intermedios, estos permiten que sucedan el encuentro, las buenas conversaciones y la generación de conocimiento. El proyecto ubicado en el distrito de Cercado de Lima, Provincia de Lima, Departamento de Lima; mantiene el Centro Histórico de Lima como su escenario desde su nacimiento en 1927<br>The new headquarters of the National Conservatory of Music, an institution of Public Higher Education that is currently the National University of Music, is a project that proposes to unify 3 existing headquarters and consolidate 5 fundamental pillars: The importance of education, culture, heritage, user and architecture. As an architectural emphasis, "the encounter between people as the key to generating knowledge" is proposed. Based on the intermediate spaces, they allow encounters, good conversations and the generation of knowledge to take place. The project located in the district of Cercado de Lima, Province of Lima, Department of Lima; maintains the Historic Center of Lima as a setting since its birth in 1927.<br>Tesis