Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conservative

Academic literature on the topic 'Conservative'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Conservative"

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AA VV, AA VV. "Conservative dentistry/Conservativa." Dental Cadmos 01, no. 01 (September 2023): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19256/abstract.cduo.03.2023.

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Min, Seong Jae. "Who Believes in Conspiracy Theories? Network Diversity, Political Discussion, and Conservative Conspiracy Theories on Social Media." American Politics Research 49, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x211013526.

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A survey of 3,441 U.S. social media users showed that a high portion believes in conspiracy theories, and their beliefs vary widely along the party lines and socio-demographic factors. In particular, conservative conspiracy theories were more pronounced than liberal ones, and older White males with high conservatism and Protestantism showed higher endorsement of conservative conspiracy theories. Furthermore, ideological conservatives who frequently discuss politics showed higher association with a conservative conspiracy theory than conservatives who discuss politics less frequently. However, network diversity moderated the interaction of conservative ideology and political discussion such that conservatives who discuss politics frequently in a relatively heterogeneous social media network setting had lower beliefs in a conspiracy theory than conservatives who do so in a more homogeneous network.
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Chen, Lucy Huajing, David M. Folsom, Wonsun Paek, and Heibatollah Sami. "Accounting Conservatism, Earnings Persistence, and Pricing Multiples on Earnings." Accounting Horizons 28, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-50664.

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SYNOPSIS We examine the effect of accounting conservatism on earnings persistence and the stock market's valuation of earnings. Using a sample of U.S. companies during the period of 1988–2010, we find that firms with more conservative accounting generate less persistent earnings than firms with less conservative accounting. We also document that the pricing multiple on more conservative earnings is smaller than pricing multiples on less conservative earnings. Finally, we show that conditionally conservative earnings are less persistent than unconditionally conservative earnings, and the pricing multiple on earnings is smaller for conditionally conservative earnings than for unconditionally conservative earnings. Our results improve our understanding of the characteristics of conservatively reported earnings. JEL Classifications: M41; C23; D21; G38; N20
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HARP, GILLIS J. "TRADITIONALIST DISSENT: THE REORIENTATION OF AMERICAN CONSERVATISM, 1865–1900." Modern Intellectual History 5, no. 3 (November 2008): 487–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244308001777.

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The last couple of decades has brought a renewed interest in American conservatism among historians. Yet most recent studies have focused on the emergence of neoconservatism after World War II and virtually no recent scholarly work has pursued the history of conservatism before the 1920s. Both Richard Hofstadter and Clinton Rossiter agreed that the late nineteenth century was an important watershed in the evolution of American conservative thought. Hofstadter argued that the new laissez-faire conservatism that became dominant during the Gilded Age was remarkable in that “it lacked many of the signal characteristics of conservatism as it is usually found.” Yet some conservatives refused to accept key features of what Clinton Rossiter once branded this new “contradictory conservatism.” This essay focuses mostly on Protestant clerical intellectuals (both Northern and Southern) who dissented from the new orthodoxy and attempted to preserve older conservative principles. Against the laissez-faire conservatives' hyperindividualism, these dissenting conservatives stressed an organic view of the social order and the importance of mediating institutions such as family and church. To the others' secularism, they offered a social theory suffused with evangelical Protestantism. This analysis highlights where these dissidents differed from their fellow conservatives and seeks also to elucidate their alternative conservative vision of the American republic. Such a study serves to clarify just how profound an ideological shift occurred among conservatives during the Gilded Age and illuminates some of the persistent tensions within American conservatism still evident today.
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Jin, Mingang, and Qingyan Chen. "Improvement of fast fluid dynamics with a conservative semi-Lagrangian scheme." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 25, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-04-2013-0119.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple and efficient conservative semi-Lagrangian scheme (SL) for solving advection equation in fast fluid dynamics (FFD), so FFD can provide fast indoor airflow simulations while preserving conservation for energy and species transport. Design/methodology/approach – This study thus proposed a mass-fixing type conservative SL that redistributes global surplus/deficit on the advected field after performing the standard semi-Lagrangian advection. The redistribution weights were designed to preserve the properties of conservatives and monotonicity. Findings – The effectiveness of the conservative SL was validated with several test cases, and the results show that the proposed scheme is indeed conservative with negligible impact on the accuracy of the standard solutions. The numerical tests show that the proposed scheme was indeed conservative with negligible impact on the accuracy of the flow prediction. Originality/value – The FFD with conservative SL can effectively enforce the energy and species conservation for indoor airflow and predict airflow distributions with reasonable accuracy.
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FUNG, EDMUND S. K. "Nationalism and Modernity: The Politics of Cultural Conservatism in Republican China." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 3 (May 2009): 777–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x07003472.

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AbstractThis article explores the political dynamics of modern Chinese cultural conservatism. It proceeds from the premise that modern Chinese conservatism, as distinct from traditionalism, was a response to modernity and, as such, a part of modernity. The article identifies the conservative with the nationalist, but not vice versa, and understands politico-cultural conservatism as politico-cultural nationalism. It will first trace the rise of modern Chinese conservative thought, revisit the ideas of two noted cultural conservatives Liang Shuming and Zhang Junmai, examine the politics of China-based cultural reconstruction, and then explore the conservative thought of the war period (1937–1945) to illustrate the interplay of war, culture and nationalism. It argues, basically, that although the conservatives did not defend the prevailing socio-political order as a whole, their understanding of politics from a cultural perspective was nuanced and that they stood in an ambiguous relationship with the existing regime and the party-state.
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Loader, Ian. "Crime, Order and the Two Faces of Conservatism: an Encounter with Criminology’s other." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 1181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa025.

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Abstract Over the past half century, conservatism has been a powerful force in shaping public and political responses to crime in Britain. But within criminology, conservative ideology remains curiously neglected and poorly understood. In this paper, I develop an interpretive reconstruction of conservative thinking about crime that seeks to make good this inattention. My central contention is that one finds in conservative ideology both an emotionally and culturally resonant case for making police authority and penal control central to the production of order and arguments for sceptical penal restraint and non-penal modes of socialization. But from which aspects of its conceptual morphology do these two faces of conservatism arise? In answering this question, my encounter identifies the claims that conservatism brings to contests over a better politics of crime (claims with which non-conservatives are required to reckon), as well as pinpointing certain shortcomings and blind spots of conservative ideology.
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Loukianov, Mikhail. "Conservatives and “Renewed Russia,” 1907-1914." Slavic Review 61, no. 4 (2002): 762–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3090389.

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The article analyzes the relationship of conservatives to the political order that arose after the 1905 revolution. It suggests that by the start of World War I, a dissatisfaction with the status quo had become a characteristic feature of Russian conservatism. The archaic formula “orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality” was the quintessential conservative discourse, both for nationalist supporters of conservative reforms and for opponents of any innovation such as Dubrovin’s All-Russian Union of the Russian People. But this formula existed in sharp contradiction to the realities of “renewed Russia.” Conservatives continually underscored the lack of correspondence between reality and their conservative dogma. In conservative circles, the growth of social tensions on the eve of the war was also understood as evidence of the inadequacy of the new political order. Because of this, Russian conservatives did not aspire to preserve the Third of June system and did not try to restore it after February 1917.
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Krzysztof Iwanek. "Is BJP Conservative?" Politeja 16, no. 2(59) (December 31, 2019): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.16.2019.59.04.

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This article will consider whether the Bharatiya Janata Party (the BJP), the party currently ruling India, may be considered conservative. The author will use Swapan Dasgupta’s 2015 lecture on conservatism as a starting point for further deliberations. While agreeing with some of Dasgupta’s points, the author will conclude that the defining elements of Indian conservatism which he had proposed can, at the same time, define Hindu nationalism as well. To find the difference between the two, the text will consider a few historical examples of disputes and cooperation between the parties of the Hindu Right (and between Hindu conservatives and Hindu nationalists in general) such as the issue of the civil code reform, the attitude towards Dalits (untouchables) and the question of monarchy abolition. The final conclusion of the text is that while Hindu nationalism does share certain aspects and goals with Hindu conservatism, it also differs with it on some other points, and thus the BJP is more of a nationalist than a conservative party. It was the Ramrajya Parishad, a small and now defunct party, that in the author’s view represented the strand of Hindu conservatism.
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Kaya, Ibrahim. "Conceptualizing the current clashes between modernist republicans and Islamic conservatives in Turkey." Social Science Information 51, no. 1 (March 2012): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018411425831.

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Resume This article aims to foster a deeper understanding of the current clashes between modernist republicans and Islamic conservatives in Turkey. Through an examination of the relation of conservatism to modernity, I argue that there exists a conservative goal of ‘overcoming modernity’, though in a paradoxical form, which is crucial for our comprehension of this conflict. Central here is the Islamic conservative resistance to the ‘cultural program of modernity’. Indubitably, it would be fallacious to impute to (neo-)conservatism an orientation that challenges modernity in toto. Indeed, one need only consider the economy and technology to see how far the modern has captured the conservative imagination. However, the culture of modernity is a different matter and this is the aspect I concentrate on here. After first examining the (old) conservative reaction against the great transformations of modernity, I consider the contention that Turkish society has recently become conservative, and end with an analysis of republican opposition to recent government acts.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conservative"

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Ozsel, Dogancan. "Challenging the conservative exceptionalism : theme of change in the conservative canon." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/challenging-the-conservative-exceptionalism-theme-of-change-in-the-conservative-canon(df168b18-085e-49d3-8055-ca9b25806bb0).html.

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The thesis focuses on the conservative canon and analyses the validity of exceptionalist claims of conservative thinking through a deconstructive reading of conservatism. The comparison of classical and radical conservatisms provides the grounds for this analysis. After the introductory chapter, the second chapter of this thesis focuses on the general characteristics of the conservative ideology. It consists of three sub-sections. The first of these presents the characteristics of classical conservatism, while the second turns to consider radical conservatism. Then, in the third sub-section, a discussion of the similarities and differences between these two conservatisms leads to a proposed definition of a core of the conservative canon. Here, it is argued that the epistemological and ontological imperfection of individuals can be regarded as the definitive core, or as the precept which the justification of conservative policies relies upon. The third chapter then focuses on the views of a number of significant figures in the development of political thought on ideology, which is used by these thinkers as a critical tool. A narrative of the historical developments in the analyses of ideology and ideologies is presented in this chapter. In the last part of the chapter, Derridian thinking is introduced. The fourth chapter problematises conservative exceptionalism, or the belief that there is a fundamental difference between conservatism and other ideologies. This chapter is founded upon the analyses of the previous two chapters, using the Derridian reading and referring to the characteristics and commonalities of the conservative canon presented. In this chapter, radicalism is argued to be a persistent theme in conservative thinking, and conservatism is claimed to be founded upon its impossibility.
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Li, Xiao. "Conservative and non-conservative optical forces." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/400.

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The fact that optical force is very significant in the microscopic world and can be used to manipulate microparticles has triggered an evolution in micromanipulation, in particular, the manipulation of biological species and colloidal particles. The induced optical force can easily be more than 103 times of the particle's weight. The particle size that are accessible to optical forces ranges from tens of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers. One of the most well-known tools in optical manipulation is called optical tweezers, which is, in essence, performing optical trapping by a strongly focused light beam. The optical force induced by the incident light wave can be generally decomposed into two mathematically and physically distinct components, namely the conservative (gradient force) and non-conservative (scattering and absorption force) forces. Such a split helps in the study of optical forces and elucidates the underlying physics (e.g., the optical trapping). For example, in optical trapping, the conservative gradient force drives the particles toward the intensity maxima and traps the particles there, whereas the non-conservative scattering and absorption force tends to push the particles away and thus has some destabilizing effects. However, while a significant portion of paper dealing with optical trapping explicitly mentioned gradient and scattering forces, the true and exact force profiles of the decomposed optical forces have been mysteries for decades. Researchers still use these concepts, and to certain extent, they imagine the force profile according to their own convenience. This thesis is mainly devoted to the analytical and numerical studies of the decomposition of optical forces. The intrinsic nature of the decomposed optical forces will be discussed, and the approaches of generating a purely conservative force field are presented.. First, the analytical approaches for decomposing the optical force into the gradient force and the scattering and absorption force are described. These approaches can be applied to different particle sizes (smaller than 40% of the wavelength if the multipoles are only considered up to the electric octopole or much larger than the wavelength under the geometrical optics limit), but they still cannot describe the experimentally accessible particle size, which is on the order of micrometer. Second, within the dipole limit, the origin of scattering force is shown to be resulted from the radiation reaction, the polarizations, and the topological charges. In addition, it is found that the conservativeness of the force is closely related to the force constant matrix (the linear term in the Taylor expansion of the optical force) at every point, and certain symmetries in these force constant matrix can guarantee the force to be conservative.. A numerical method that utilizes the fast Fourier transform (FFT) was developed to decompose the conservative and non-conservative forces. This approach is valid when the total force field is spatially localized and decayed sufficiently fast as we move away from the beam center (e.g., optical tweezers or alike) or is spatially periodic (e.g. plane incident waves). We also considered spherical aberration due to the mismatch of the refractive indices between the oil and water media in a typical optical tweezers setup within the FFT method. Various particle sizes, materials, and numerical apertures were also considered. For the periodic force field generated by a collection of plane waves, it is demonstrated that an incident 2-dimensional standing wave could generate a purely conservative force field. The accuracy of this fast Fourier transform approach is analyzed in details and shown to be quite accurate. Moreover, an incident 3-dimensional standing wave could also induce a conservative force field for intermediately sized particles.. Finally, three counter-intuitive examples obtained with the fast Fourier transform approach are presented. These examples clearly demonstrated the need to calculate the gradient and scattering forces accurately, as not doing so would lead to qualitatively wrong results.
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Watson, Terrence. "Conservative Contractarianism." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/762.

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Moral contractarianism, as demonstrated in the work of David Gauthier, is an attempt to derive moral principles from the non-moral premises of rational choice. However, this contractarian enterprise runs aground because it is unable to show that agents would commit to norms in a fairly realistic world where knowledge is limited in space and time, where random shocks are likely, and where agents can be arbitrarily differentiated from one another. In a world like this, agents will find that the most "rational" strategy is to behave "non-rationally," imitating the behavior of others in their vicinity and preserving a limited sort of ignorance.
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Arthurs, Naill. "An investigation of conservative moving-mesh methods for conservation laws." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/72072/.

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In this thesis we consider a class of conservation based moving mesh methods applied to hyperbolic conservation laws. We mainly concentrate on the one dimensional case with the examples of the linear advection equation, inviscid Burgers’ equation and the Buckley-Leverett equation. The moving mesh methods are generated using the conservation of mass as a method for determining the mesh velocity at the computational nodes. We use the notion of the reference space as a mathematical tool to analyse the moving mesh methods allowing us to show the accuracy, stability conditions and convergence. In addition we use the reference space as a technique for constructing new moving mesh methods which share the accuracy and stability properties of the fixed mesh scheme they are derived from. At the end of the thesis we use the knowledge gained from the scalar conservation laws to construct moving mesh methods for the isothermal equations.
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Rodríguez, David Sarias. "All the president's conservatives : Richard Nixon and the American conservative movement." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14658/.

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This doctoral dissertation examines the relationship between the American conservative movement and Richard Nixon between the late 1940s and the Watergate scandal, with a particular emphasis on the latter's presidency. It complements the sizeable bodies of literature about both Nixon himself and American conservatism, shedding new light on the former's role in the collapse of the post-l945 liberal consensus. This thesis emphasises the part played by Nixon in the slow march of American conservatism from the political margins in the immediate post-war years to the centre of national politics by the late 1960s. The American conservative movement is treated as a diverse epistemic community made up of six distinct sub-groupings - National Review' conservatives, Southern conservatives, classical liberals, neoconservatives, American Enterprise Institute conservatives and the 'Young Turks' of the New Right - which, although philosophically and behaviourally autonomous, remained intimately associated under the overall leadership of the intellectuals who operated from the National Review. Although for nearly three decades Richard Nixon and American conservatives endured each other in a mutually frustrating and yet seemingly unbreakable relationship, Nixon never became a fully-fledged member of the movement. Yet, from the days of Alger Hiss to those of the 'Silent Majority', he remained the political actor best able to articulate and manipulate the conservative canon into a populist, electorally successful message. During his presidency, the administration's behaviour played a crucial role - even if not always deliberately - in the momentous transformation of the conservative movement into a more diverse, better-organised, modernised and more efficient political force. In the process, conservatives consciously and successfully used Nixon in their quest to gain acceptance as the legitimate sparring partners of the liberalism that had hitherto dominated post-1945 American politics. This doctoral dissertation examines the relationship between the American conservative movement and Richard Nixon between the late 1940s and the Watergate scandal, with a particular emphasis on the latter's presidency. It complements the sizeable bodies of literature about both Nixon himself and American conservatism, shedding new light on the former's role in the collapse of the post-l945 liberal consensus. This thesis emphasises the part played by Nixon in the slow march of American conservatism from the political margins in the immediate post-war years to the centre of national politics by the late 1960s. The American conservative movement is treated as a diverse epistemic community made up of six distinct sub-groupings - National Review' conservatives, Southern conservatives, classical liberals, neoconservatives, American Enterprise Institute conservatives and the 'Young Turks' of the New Right - which, although philosophically and behaviourally autonomous, remained intimately associated under the overall leadership of the intellectuals who operated from the National Review. Although for nearly three decades Richard Nixon and American conservatives endured each other in a mutually frustrating and yet seemingly unbreakable relationship, Nixon never became a fully-fledged member of the movement. Yet, from the days of Alger Hiss to those of the 'Silent Majority', he remained the political actor best able to articulate and manipulate the conservative canon into a populist, electorally successful message. During his presidency, the administration's behaviour played a crucial role - even if not always deliberately - in the momentous transfonnation of the conservative movement into a more diverse, better-organised, modernised and more efficient political force. In the process, conservatives consciously and successfully used Nixon in their quest to gain acceptance as the legitimate sparring partners of the liberalism that had hitherto dominated post-1945 American politics.
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Gissurarson, H. H. "Hayek's conservative liberalism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371651.

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Bridgman, Aengus B. "Mapping Contemporary Canadian English-Speaking Conservatism: An Examination of Axioms, Core Policies, Ideological Opponents and Intellectual/Emotional Appeals." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31073.

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Canadian political ideas are commonly accessed through traditional political culture or brokerage politics frames. This literature, while explaining certain political phenomenon in a robust way, fails to adequately appreciate the nuance in contemporary Canadian political ideas. A particularly fertile ground for an exploration of these ideas is in the study of contemporary Canadian conservatism. Through an examination of conservative scholars, pundits and political actors, four distinct strains of conservatism are identified and examined for axioms, core policy recommendations and affective appeals employed. Conservatism is demonstrated to be a multilayered and complex contemporary ideology displaying a remarkable diversity of ideas and understandings of the world. Despite these broad differences in core ideas and policy prescriptions and a number of key sites of disagreement, contemporary conservative ideologies remain bound by a core set of ideas and a common vernacular.
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Neels, Mark Alan. "Lincoln's Conservatives: Conservative Unionism and Political Tradition in the Civil War Era." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1023.

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This dissertation challenges the theories of new political historians, who argue that nineteenth-century American politics was little influenced by ideology. Instead, by treating the public careers of self-identified conservatives in Abraham Lincoln's cabinet--Edward Bates, Montgomery Blair, Salmon P. Chase, and Gideon Welles--as exemplars of nineteenth-century political thought, this study examines the formation of American conservatism in the Civil War era from an anthropological perspective, treating it as a tribal identification shared by American lawmakers. Nineteenth-century conservatives identified themselves according to their subscription to certain common principles of governance, the ideals of which were first expressed in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Applying these principles to the nineteenth century, American conservatives thus greatly influenced public policy initiatives from civil service reform to anti-slavery reform and from public finance to presidential war powers. Although the conservative ideals espoused by these politicians--exemplified in their management of issues during the Civil War--had receded to a minority opinion among lawmakers by 1865, they were ultimately resurrected during the later years of Reconstruction, and helped to shape future political discourses surrounding public policy in the Gilded Age.
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Hayton, Richard. "Conservative Party leadership strategy and the legacy of Thatcherite Conservatism, 1997-2005." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10326/.

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This research is a detailed analysis of the Conservative Party leadership's strategy between 1997 and 2005. Through an application of the strategic-relational approach to political analysis, it examines how the party responded to defeat, and seeks to explain why it struggled to return to a position from which it could effectively challenge for power. The particular focus is on how key figures in the leadership elite interpreted and understood the context they faced, how they sought to orientate their strategies towards it, and how ideology shaped their perspective. Three dilemmas for contemporary conservatism are highlighted and considered in depth: European integration; national identity and the 'English question'; and social liberalism versus social authoritarianism. These were chosen as each presents a significant ideological challenge for contemporary conservatism. The thesis explores how the leadership handled each of these, and how they related to the party's efforts to develop a strategy for electoral revival. The research exposes the inconsistent and uncertain nature of Conservative Party electoral strategy in this period. The strategic-relational analysis suggests that this stemmed not merely from the failure of key actors in the leadership, but from the need to address competing and sometimes contradictory contextual demands, and from difficulties inherent in dealing with the legacy of Thatcherism. The thesis argues that an appreciation of the 1997 -2005 period is essential for an understanding of the trajectory of contemporary conservatism under Cameron.
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Salem, Manel. "The british Conservative Party under Margaret Thatcher's leadership : conservatism seen from within." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30041.

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Cette thèse aborde le sujet du conservatisme britannique, notamment le conservatisme de1979 jusqu’à 1990, la période qui correspond aux mandats de Margaret Thatcher. Ce travail vise à démontrer que la continuité a été l’aspect déterminant du parti conservateur depuis les XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Les valeurs premières du conservatisme ont continué à être appliquées avec l’avènement de Margaret Thatcher au pouvoir même si elle incarnait, pour beaucoup de gens, le changement. Ceci apparait dans les discours que Margaret Thatcher tenait quand elle était leader de l’opposition. Le changement était nécessaire selon elle car la société britannique était stagnante. En effet, Thatcher ne pouvait pas accepter ce qu’elle considérait comme étant une « société oisive ».Dès son jeune âge, elle avait appris que travailler dur était à la fois une responsabilité et un plaisir. Ce plaisir-là émane des principes d’indépendance et de persévérance auxquels elle a toujours cru très profondément. Dans ce sens, le changement signifie essentiellement la remise en question du consensus de l’après-guerre, conçu pour aider le pays et ses habitants à se reconstruire. Margaret Thatcher était déterminée à démanteler la social-démocratie keynésienne qui avait imprégné la politique britannique depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale à cause des circonstances changeantes. L’originalité de sa politique réside dans l’abandon du consensus de l’après-guerre largement basé sur l’état providence et l’intervention de l’état ainsi que l’encouragement des membres de la société à être autonomes et indépendants en plus d’une économie forte et capable de s’autoréguler sans avoir besoin d’intervention de la part du gouvernement. La liberté, l’individualisme et l’autonomie sont les conséquences ultimes de la dérégulation. Ces valeurs étaient les valeurs premières du conservatisme et leur application durant les années quatre-vingt n’étaient que retour au vieux parti conservateur. La continuité du parti conservateur, qui a été interrompue par le keynésianisme du parti travailliste, a été alors rétablie. Pour prouver de cette continuité, un nombre de documents d’archives ont été étudiés au Churchill Archives Centre à Cambridge; des archives telles que les procès-verbaux des réunions du parti conservateur et les discussions qui se sont déroulées entre conservateurs. Par ailleurs, savoir comment les conservateurs eux-mêmes définissent le conservatisme britannique élucide la nature du conservatisme. Pendant longtemps, le parti conservateur a été considéré comme étant le parti monolithique par excellence. Mais le retour en force d’autres partis, comme le parti travailliste après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, a poussé les conservateurs à réfléchir davantage, à innover, à créer des thinks tanks et à ne plus avoir peur d’exprimer leurs opinions diverses. Désormais, ils ne craignent plus le changement, partant du principe que « les choses doivent changer pour qu’elles restent identiques » (The Leopard by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa). Une large partie de cette thèse porte sur la politique économique. La variable de la politique économique constitue peut-être le critère de réussite le plus visible notamment du fait qu’il est aisément quantifiable, et révèle que l’économie a toujours été une priorité chez les conservateurs. Selon Margaret Thatcher par exemple, le keynésianisme de l’après-guerre avait échoué et devait être abandonné. Pour Thatcher, le problème majeur à résoudre n’était pas le chômage mais l’inflation. La dichotomie entre continuité et changement sera analysée non seulement dans les discours publics de Margaret Thatcher mais aussi dans les discussions internes du parti conservateur. La pléthore de définitions et opinions pose également la question de l’héritage de la dame de fer, à travers son successeur John Major et des événements contemporains tels que le Brexit
This thesis focuses on the dynamics of continuity and change within the Conservative Party from 1979 to 1990, the period of Margaret Thatcher’s premierships. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that continuity had been the defining feature of the Conservative Party since the 18th and 19th centuries. The implementation of the primary values of early Conservatism continued with the advent of M. Thatcher to power although she represented, for many people, the epitome of change. This was all the more obvious in Margaret Thatcher’s public speeches when she was Leader of the Opposition. Change was, to her, necessary since British society was stagnant. In fact, Mrs. Thatcher could not accept what she considered as an “idle society.” When she was very little, Mrs. Thatcher learned that working hard was not only a duty but also an enjoyment. These feelings emanated from the values that she dearly cherished such as independence and perseverance. In this sense, therefore, change only meant the questioning of the postwar consensus. The policies implemented during the consensus period aimed at helping Britain and her citizens reconstruct. Margaret Thatcher was determined to dismantle the Keynesian social democracy that had permeated British politics since World War Two because of changing circumstances. The novelty of her politics lay in getting rid of the postwar consensus, broadly based on the welfare state and government intervention and encouraging a society whose members should be self-reliant and independent in addition to a strong economy capable of self-regulating without the need for regulation from the government. Freedom, individualism and autonomy were the ultimate consequences of deregulation. These values were the original values of Conservatism and their implementation in the 1980s was nothing but a return to Old Tory Conservatism. The continuity of the Conservative Party, which was interrupted by the politics of Keynesianism of the Labour Party, had therefore been reestablished. In order to trace this continuity, a number of archival material have been studied in the Churchill Archives Centre in Cambridge; archival material such as the minutes of the Conservative Party or the discussions that took place among Conservatives. Besides, how members of the Conservative Party themselves define British Conservatism sheds light on the nature of Conservatism. The Conservative Party has been considered to be the monolithic party par excellence but as a result of the increasing influence of other parties, notably the Labour Party after World War Two, Conservatives became more aware of the need to think more, innovate, create thinks tanks and express their distinct opinions more widely. They were no longer afraid of change given that “Everything needs to change, so that everything can stay the same” (The Leopard by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa). An important part of this thesis deals with the economy. The variable of economic policy is perhaps the most visible criterion of success namely because it is easily quantifiable. It also reveals that economy has always been a priority among Conservatives. For Margaret Thatcher for instance, the Keynesianism of the postwar era had failed and should be abandoned. According to Thatcher, inflation was the problem to solve, not unemployment. The dichotomy between continuity and change will be analyzed not only in the public speeches of Margaret Thatcher but also the internal discussions of Conservatives. This plethora of definitions and opinions also concerns the legacy of the Iron Lady mainly through her successor, John Major, in addition to contemporary events such as the Brexit
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Books on the topic "Conservative"

1

O'Connel, John. Disraeli, Conservatism and the Conservative Party. Huddersfield: The University, 1994.

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1930-, Minogue Kenneth R., ed. Conservative realism: New essays on conservatism. London: HarperCollins, 1996.

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Lowell, Augustus P. American conservative: Reclaiming conservatism from the right. New York: Algora Publishing, 2016.

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Anthony, Seldon, and Ball Stuart 1956-, eds. Conservative century: The Conservative Party since 1900. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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Maguire, G. E. Conservative Women. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376120.

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Scruton, Roger, ed. Conservative Texts. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21728-1.

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Office, Conservative Central. Conservative conference. London: Conservative Central Office., 1985.

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British Conservatism: Conservative thought from Burke to Thatcher. London: Longman, 1986.

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Studies, Centre for Policy, ed. If this is conservatism, I am a Conservative. London: Centre for Policy Studies, 2005.

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1940-, O'Gorman Frank, ed. British conservatism: Conservative thought from Burke to Thatcher. London: Longman, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conservative"

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Szpilman, Christopher W. A. "Conservatism and conservative reaction." In Routledge Handbook of Modern Japanese History, 160–83. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, New York, NY : Routledge, [2018]: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315746678-12.

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Butler, David, and Dennis Kavanagh. "Conservative." In The British General Election of 1987, 25–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19143-7_2.

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Isaksen, Torbjørn Røe. "Conservative Challenges." In The Constantinos Karamanlis Institute for Democracy Series on European and International Affairs, 93–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00560-2_7.

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Veronesi, Umberto. "Conservative Surgery." In Breast Cancer, 335–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48848-6_23.

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Richert, Bertrand, Nilton Di Chiacchio, Marie Caucanas, and Nilton Gioia Di Chiacchio. "Conservative Treatment." In Management of Ingrowing Nails, 59–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30555-4_3.

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Postacchini, F., I. Caruso, and V. M. Saraceni. "Conservative Treatments." In Lumbar Disc Herniation, 341–76. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6430-3_14.

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Landa, P. S. "Conservative systems." In Nonlinear Oscillations and Waves in Dynamical Systems, 35–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8763-1_6.

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Collins, Brigitte, and Elissa Bradshaw. "Conservative Management." In Bowel Dysfunction, 137–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43214-4_9.

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Gehl, Nicole. "Conservative Judaism." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 500–502. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_9315.

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Gobin, Marc H., and Jos J. M. Bierlaagh. "Conservative treatment." In Simultaneous Horizontal and Cyclovertical Strabismus Surgery, 69–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0743-3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conservative"

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Hormozi, S., B. Firoozabadi, H. Ghasvari Jahromi, and S. M. H. Moosavi Hekmati. "3-D Simulation of Conservative and Non-Conservative Density Current." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15785.

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Flows generated by density differences are called gravity or density currents which are generic features of many environmental flows. These currents are classified as the conservative and non-conservative flows whether the buoyancy flux is conserved or changed respectively. In this paper, a low Reynolds k-ε turbulence model is used to simulate three dimensional density and turbidity currents. Also, a series of experiments were conducted in a straight channel to study the characteristics of the non-conservative density current. In experiments, Kaolin was used as the suspended material. Comparisons are made between conservative and non-conservative's height, concentration and velocity profiles of the current and their variations along the transverse intersections. Outcomes indicate that the presence of the particles influences the flow structure sensibly. The results are compared with the experiments and showed a good agreement.
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Jafer, Shafagh, and Gabriel Wainer. "Conservative DEVS." In the 2010 Spring Simulation Multiconference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1878537.1878683.

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Yang, Lingyun, Jennifer M. Schopf, and Ian Foster. "Conservative Scheduling." In the 2003 ACM/IEEE conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1048935.1050182.

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Macke, Michael, Torfinn Hørte, Kristoffer Høyem Aronsen, and Guttorm Grytøyr. "Wellhead Fatigue Analysis: How Conservative Is Conservative Enough?" In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61838.

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In wellhead fatigue analysis, results are quite often sensitive to input parameters that are associated with considerable uncertainty. Such parameters may, e.g., be the cement level in the annulus between surface casing and conductor, the soil and template support, friction and down weight on the landing shoulder, etc. A common approach in deterministic design to deal with such problem is to use worst case assumptions on sensitive parameters. However, this may result in unreasonable short fatigue lifetime estimates. In this paper, it is shown how existing fatigue design equations using the concept of design fatigue factors can be augmented with characteristic design values for additional uncertain variables such that the overall safety level obtained is comparable to the recommended target levels for typical uncertainties in load effect calculations. Results from sensitivity analysis and SRA are compared to investigate to what extent sensitivity analysis results can be utilized as part of the design analysis. The intention of the proposed approach is to be reasonably conservative but to avoid being overly conservative.
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Fu, Zheng, Fatih Aydogan, and Richard J. Wagner. "Development of Conservative Form of RELAP5 Thermal Hydraulic Equations: Part II — Numerical Approach and Code Results." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40013.

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One of the principle features of RELAP5-based system thermal hydraulic codes is the use of a two-fluid, non-equilibrium, non-homogeneous, hydrodynamic model for the transient simulation of the two-phase system behavior. This model includes six governing equations to describe the mass, energy, and momentum of the two fluids. The current version of RELAP-5 uses non-conservative numerical approximation form of conservation equations. The current version of RELAP5 versions have mass and energy errors during time advancements, either resulting in (a) automatic reduction of time steps used in the advancement of the equations and increased run times or (b) the growth of unacceptably large errors in the transient results. Therefore, conservative conservation equations and closure equations were developed to address this problem in the first part of the paper series This part of the series demonstrates the numerical approach to implement the developed conservative conservation equations into RELAP5 and the results of RELAP5 including developed conservative form of conservation equations. RELAP5 versions including conservative and non-conservative conservation equations are compared for various tests from a single pipe to a whole Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) model.
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To, Cho W. S., and Meilan L. Liu. "Non-Conservative and Conservative Loads in Geometrically Nonlinear Shells." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48214.

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Responses of geometrically nonlinear shell structures under combined conservative and non-conservative loads are investigated and presented in this paper. The shell structures are discretized by the finite element method and represented by the hybrid strain based three node flat triangular shell elements that were developed previously by the authors. The updated Lagrangian formulation and the incremental Hellinger-Reissner variational principle are employed. Features such as large or small strain deformation, finite rotation, updated thickness so as to account for the “thinning effect” due to large strain deformation, and inclusion or exclusion of the mid-surface director field are incorporated in the finite element formulation. Representative results of two examples are included to demonstrate the capability, accuracy and efficiency of the computational strategy proposed.
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DYSON, FREEMAN. "A CONSERVATIVE REVOLUTIONARY." In Symmetry and Modern Physics - Yang Retirement Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795083_0001.

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Herty, Michael, and Hui Yu. "Boundary stabilization of hyperbolic conservation laws using conservative finite volume schemes." In 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2016.7799126.

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Storheim, Martin, and Jørgen Amdahl. "Non-Conservative Consequences of “Conservative” Assumptions in Ship-Platform Collision Analysis." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24457.

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When designing offshore structures it is normally required to withstand a ship impact of a given magnitude without having progressive collapse of the structure. A common assumption when verifying a structure’s crashworthiness is to consider impact from a rigid vessel. This is argued to be a conservative assumption, as the struck structure will have to dissipate all energy. At a given time instant during a real collision, the weakest body will deform. Thus, if the actual strength of the platform is greater than that of the striking vessel, the rigid assumption will be wrong. For impact between a platform and a supply vessel, contact can occur for both the stem (forecastle structure) and the bulb simultaneously. Analyses show that there is a large difference between the strength of the stem and the bulb structure for conventional supply vessels, both in terms of total force and more importantly the pressure exerted to the struck structure. Thus, while the bulb might be stronger than the struck object, the stem is normally crushed. If a completely rigid vessel is assumed, the strain energy dissipation in the struck structure in way of the stem would be highly overpredicted, thereby lowering the estimate of the damage caused by the bulb. This paper investigates the consequences of the rigid assumption by nonlinear finite element analysis. A modern large supply vessel design is checked. The differences between a rigid and a deformable vessel are highlighted, and non-conservative results identified.
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Kazachanskaya, Elena. "Conservatism And Conservative Legal Thinking: The Era Of Public Systems' Digital Transformation." In International Scientific Conference. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.06.50.

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Reports on the topic "Conservative"

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Shadwick, B. A., J. C. Bowman, and P. J. Morrison. Exactly conservative integrators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/90106.

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Bowman, J. C., B. A. Shadwick, and P. J. Morrison. On exactly conservative integrators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510401.

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Felderman, Robert E., and Leonard Kleinrock. Two Processor Conservative Simulation Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada257814.

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Wen, Y., D. L. Hicks, and J. W. Swegle. Stabilizing S.P.H. with conservative smoothing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10184636.

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Guenther, C., D. L. Hicks, and J. W. Swegle. Conservative smoothing versus artificial viscosity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10187573.

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Kessel, C. E., and F. M. Poli. The Physics of Basis For A Conservative Physics And Conservative Technology Tokamak Power Plant, ARIES-ACT2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1127360.

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Roesler, Collin S. Conservative and Non-conservative Variability in the Inherent Optical Properties of Dissolved and Particulate Components in Seawater. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628354.

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Roesler, Collin. Conservative and Non-conservative Variability in the Inherent Optical Properties of Dissolved and Particulate Components in Seawater. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada636790.

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Chauhan, Vinod. L52294 Corrosion Assessment Guidance for High Strength Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010319.

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For the burst tests on high strength line pipe investigated in this report, standard assessment methods used by the pipeline industry generally give conservative failure predictions. For a small number of test points the ASME B31G, Modified ASME B31G and the LPC-1 methods gave non-conservative failure predictions when used to assess defect depths greater than 50% of the pipe wall. However, for machined defects, particularly those that are rectangular flat bottomed patches the use of ASME B31G and Modified ASME B31G to predict failure pressures may be inappropriate because the area of metal loss can be underestimated. Therefore the results need to be treatedwith caution. The RSTRENG method is the most reliable and conservative method forpredicting the failure pressure of corroded pipelines. RSTRENG predicts conservative failure pressures for defect depths up to 80% of the pipe wall in line pipe of strength grades up to X100. Modifying the flow stress to equal the arithmetic mean of the specified minimum yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength adds conservatism tothe calculated failure predictions. The non-linear FE method gives failure predictions within a scatter band of ~�10%, although in a number of cases the failure predictions are nonconservative. This level of scatter is typical. More accurate modeling of the geometry and material properties, to take into account of any through wall variation, should reduce the observed scatter.
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Love, Sarah, Carl Emmerson, Robert Chote, and Christine Frayne. The Conservative Party's medium-term expenditure strategy. Institute for Fiscal Studies, February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2004.0046.

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