Journal articles: 'Conservation projects'

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Sayer, J. A. "Designing conservation projects." Forest Ecology and Management 96, no. 1-2 (August 1997): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(97)90008-6.

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Goldsmith, F. B. "Designing conservation projects." Biological Conservation 82, no. 2 (November 1997): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(97)83213-2.

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Horwich, Robert H., and Jonathan Lyon. "Community conservation: practitioners’ answer to critics." Oryx 41, no. 3 (July 2007): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001010.

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AbstractBased on ethical, theoretical and practical concerns, community-based conservation projects have developed over the past 2 decades as alternatives to traditional protected areas. Recent criticisms of such programmes by biologists and social scientists involve a debate on who should manage our natural resources. Such criticisms have focused on large integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) and have largely ignored the successes of small community conservation projects. Practitioners of ICDPs have also been disappointed with the results of their projects and are seeking answers from ICDP failures. Two important differences separate community conservation projects and ICDPs and have led to the success of the smaller projects: (1) community conservation projects see local rural people as the solution to habitat degradation whereas ICDPs see them as the problem, (2) the scale of the smaller projects is at the community level but can use the same methods regionally, whereas ICDPs are large in scale and cost. We discuss, from a practitioner’s viewpoint, the strengths that contribute to the successes of community conservation projects, including actually functioning at the community level, creating an empowered community group to carry on the social sustainability of the project, continuous basic level funding, and the importance of monitoring.

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Alpert, Peter. "Integrated Conservation and Development Projects." BioScience 46, no. 11 (December 1996): 845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312970.

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Hanson, Jeffrey O., Richard Schuster, Matthew Strimas‐Mackey, and Joseph R. Bennett. "Optimality in prioritizing conservation projects." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 10 (August 11, 2019): 1655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13264.

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MACKINNON, JAMES L., LUCIANO ANDRIAMARO, ANDONIAINA RAMBELOSON, MIALY RAZAFINDRAZAKASOA, and CELIA A. HARVEY. "Costs of delivery approaches for providing livelihood projects to local communities as part of REDD+ programmes: An analysis from Madagascar." Environmental Conservation 45, no. 4 (December 19, 2017): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892917000571.

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SUMMARYProviding benefits to local people from forest conservation programmes is an important issue for policy makers. Livelihood projects are a common way to provide benefits, but there is little information about their costs. We analysed 463 livelihood projects in the Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) pilot project in Madagascar to understand how different approaches to delivering livelihood projects affect costs. We compared costs across four approaches: conservation agreements, small grants, direct implementation and application of social safeguards. The approach impacted overall costs and the proportion of funds reaching communities. Projects implemented as safeguards were most expensive and had the lowest proportion of expenditures reaching the community. Projects provided as part of conservation agreements directed the highest proportion of expenditures to communities. Our results highlight that how livelihood projects are delivered has implications for project costs and community benefits and should be an important consideration in the design and implementation of REDD+ and forest conservation policies.

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Roy, Debopam, and Satyanarayana N. Kalidindi. "Critical challenges in management of heritage conservation projects in India." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 7, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-03-2017-0012.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify factors affecting performance of heritage conservation projects in terms of project management parameters of time, cost, and quality. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory study was conducted in India, wherein 41 conservation professionals were interviewed. The method adopted for the study was unstructured interviews, wherein the respondents were asked open-ended questions about the issues faced in such projects and factors affecting project performance. Findings The interview recordings and notes, made during the exploratory study, have been manually coded to identify the most frequently mentioned problems, group them into categories, and assess their relative importance. Research limitations/implications This paper has presented a broad overview of the challenges faced by heritage conservation projects in general. Further research is necessary to analyse if the challenges depend on factors like type of heritage, project delivery model, and stakeholders involved, and to develop mitigation strategies for these challenges. Practical implications The findings from this study can be used by practitioners to improve performance of heritage conservation projects in terms of time, cost, and quality. Originality/value The findings of the exploratory study help to better understand the reasons of poor performance of heritage conservation projects in terms of time, cost, and quality. The paper has identified major challenges of the sector, and assessed their relative importance, which can help in developing project management strategy for future projects.

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Adams, William M., and David H. L. Thomas. "Conservation and sustainable resource use in the Hadejia–Jama'are Valley, Nigeria." Oryx 30, no. 2 (April 1996): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300021517.

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Sustainable development is increasingly being seen as a legitimate, and locally critical, element in wildlife conservation. However, relatively few studies of projects attempt to combine conservation and development goals. The Hadejia—Nguru Wetland Conservation Project in Nigeria grew out of a concern for wildlife (particularly wetland birds), but has expanded to address issues of environmental sustainability and economic development at both the local and the regional scale. This paper assesses the achievements of the project's approach.

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Buchanan, Graeme M., Bradley C. Parks, Paul F. Donald, Brian F. O’Donnell, Daniel Runfola, John P. Swaddle, Łukasz Tracewski, and Stuart H. M. Butchart. "The Local Impacts of World Bank Development Projects Near Sites of Conservation Significance." Journal of Environment & Development 27, no. 3 (July 13, 2018): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496518785943.

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We evaluated the local impacts of World Bank development projects on sites of recognized conservation significance (Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas [IBAs]) using tree cover change data and in situ state, pressure, and response monitoring data. IBAs adjacent to World Bank project locations and a matched set of IBAs distant from World Bank project locations had similar rates of tree loss and similar in situ measurements of conservation outcomes. Thus, we did not detect any significant net negative impacts of World Bank projects on tree cover or conservation outcomes. These results are encouraging because 89% of World Bank projects that are close to IBAs are environmentally sensitive projects (so-called Category A and Category B projects) subjected to the organization’s most stringent safeguards. However, the limitations of our evaluation design do not allow us to rule out the possibility that World Bank projects had positive or negative effects that were undetectable.

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Jones, Christopher, and Les McNamara. "Usefulness of two bioeconomic frameworks for evaluation of community-initiated species conservation projects." Wildlife Research 41, no. 2 (2014): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14008.

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Context Community-based conservation managers and their funding providers must apportion limited resources to potential projects that provide varying biodiversity benefits. Funding applicants must demonstrate that proposed projects are likely to provide positive conservation returns on investments. Aims We investigated the practical usefulness of two bioeconomic frameworks, the Project Prioritisation Protocol and the Investment Framework for Environmental Resources (INFFER) in guiding community-based conservation funding decisions and the benefits and challenges to community groups in evaluating projects using the tools. Methods We evaluated four species-based community-led conservation projects in New Zealand using the tools, and assessed the quality, relevance and potential impact of the frameworks to community conservation, including users’ perceptions of their usefulness. Key results Benefit–cost metrics from both tools indicated that all four projects would provide a low return on investment. However, both tools were highly sensitive to key assumptions about the values of conservation assets (species) being managed and the values of predicted differences made by projects. Both tools scored well against criteria used to assess their technical ‘quality’. INFFER had greater flexibility for use in different situations, but its use by community groups may be constrained by the time demands of completing a full project evaluation. Both tools can help users define problems and formulate innovative solutions through assessment of success and risk factors and the identification of project efficiencies. Conclusions Although both tools provide quantitative, transparent processes for the relative evaluation and ranking of competing projects, their sensitivities to species and/or asset valuation and benefit estimates mean that users should not accept scores and project rankings uncritically. For community groups, evaluation frameworks are likely to be useful to document costs, conservation benefits and risk factors accurately and transparently, and can encourage applicants to develop more robust approaches to project management, including the development of specific and measurable management objectives. Implications Adoption of more transparent and standardised assessment of funding applications by agencies, despite some of the drawbacks of currently available tools, would facilitate more transparent prioritisation of competing funding bids and would encourage community groups to develop a more robust approach to project design and management.

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Elwazani, Salim, and Pooja Katara. "Architectural character in conservation design projects." SHS Web of Conferences 64 (2019): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196403008.

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Embracing “character” as a form of spatial ambiance, this study has examined architectural character and the character’s relationship with the cultural values, building configurations, and building integrity. Considered sequentially, cultural values, building configurations, and building integrity are the three conservation cognitive agents that need to be satisfied before and during the intervention process in the first place, and in a post-intervention sense if to keep the heritage quality of the preserved property intact. Therefore, the study deciphered the character interface with each of the three agents and reflected on these interfaces in completed conservation projects. The study culminated with that the building character plays the central role in moderating the workings of the three agents towards successful conservation projects. The study further pointed out to the challenges that conservation professionals and historic architects face in accommodating character, and by extension, cultural values, building configurations, and building integrity in conservation projects. There is a need for defining and “operationalizing” character—and each of the three agents—to move the conservation process forward.

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Falkowitz, Ed. "Fundamentals of Financing Energy Conservation Projects." Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment 17, no. 3 (January 1998): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485236.1998.10530529.

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Smith, K. G. "Managing conservation projects to avoid catastrophes." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 139, no. 4 (December 2000): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.2000.139.4.197.

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Lundy, P. "Community participation in Jamaican conservation Projects." Community Development Journal 34, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/34.2.122.

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Dietz, Lou Ann, Marcia Brown, and Vinaya Swaminathan. "Increasing the impact of conservation projects." American Journal of Primatology 72, no. 5 (January 21, 2010): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20801.

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Baldwin, Amy. "Conservation for digitisation: A collaboration between the Palestinian Museum and the British library." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 29, no. 3 (December 2019): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0955749019890190.

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Since 2018, the Palestinian Museum in Ramallah has been digitising items from small institutions and private individuals in Palestine as part of their Digital Archive project. In 2019, a partnership was established with the British Library in London with a view to setting up the first paper conservation studio in the West Bank at the Museum. Library conservators provided training for a conservator and conservation manager from the Museum in paper conservation skills specific to the demands of digitisation projects. Initial training in London was followed up by ongoing distance mentoring as well as a visit by British Library conservators to Ramallah, in which conservation volunteers were also trained. This article details the aims of the collaboration, the challenges of putting together appropriate training programmes to be delivered in very limited time frames and the outcomes of the project thus far.

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RAJVANSHI, ASHA. "STRENGTHENING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION THROUGH COMMUNITY-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW OF THE INDIA ECODEVELOPMENT PROJECT." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 07, no. 02 (June 2005): 299–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333205002031.

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The India Ecodevelopment Project supported from Global Environmental Facility funds has been a major conservation initiative of the Government of India that was initiated in 1997 in seven protected areas (PAs) in the country. This project aimed to strengthen biodiversity conservation by establishing critical links between conservation and community well-being. The objective of environmental review of the project in the seven PA sites was to review the success of enabling strategies and interventions under the project in effectively addressing biodiversity conservation and optimising benefits to local communities through measurable improvements. Strategic environmental assessment, along with other indicators of success that have been adopted worldwide for evaluating integrated conservation and development projects, was used for the environmental review of the project. The prioritisation of investments in activities under the project was found to be in accordance with the ecological profile and in conformity with the objectives of conservation in each PA. Although most of the activities identified under the project are beneficial and provide evidence of their positive impacts on biodiversity conservation, the project at large had pitfalls and success in varying proportions in different sites. The India Ecodevelopment Project has been particularly limited in scope to address biodiversity threats from unplanned development and incompatible landuse practices around PAs, which pose far more significant threats to conservation.

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Graebert, Robert, and Martin Fischer. "Energy conservation and sustainability at Adobe Systems Incorporated." Facilities 32, no. 3/4 (February 25, 2014): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-09-2011-0077.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze a successful sustainability program run by an owner that has invested $23 million, received rebates of $10 million, accrued over $9 million of savings and has won top scores in LEED and Energy Star. Other owners planning to invest in energy conservation and sustainability can apply the lessons learnt to overcome common barriers. Design/methodology/approach – This case study is based on project information supplied by the owner and structured interviews with the operational team. The projects are analyzed based on drivers and payback characteristics. Finally, the case study puts Adobe Systems' results within the context of the industry by matching it to the challenges identified in other reports. Findings – The results show that 40 percent of projects are initiated by operation management personnel. The projects with the biggest savings are supported by third-party incentives. Only 10 percent of projects are evaluated by simulation and account for 12 percent of annual savings. Energy Star plays a crucial role for benchmarking performance and should be run annually. LEED EB is valuable when expending conservation efforts beyond energy aspects to sustainability. Performance benchmarking is a crucial step to determine the potential and priority of energy improvements. Research limitations/implications – The findings are based on the three towers in San Jose, California. Practical implications – Building owners can incorporate the methodologies applied to evaluate these successful projects into their buildings. Facility managers can leverage the findings to present the advantages of recertification and commissioning. Originality/value – A detailed project analysis, from a leader in practice, shows the importance of the local building operations team in sustainability and energy conservation.

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VIDYARATNE, HERATH. "EIA THEORIES AND PRACTICE: BALANCING CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN SRI LANKA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 08, no. 02 (June 2006): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333206002414.

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This paper presents a study of the performance of the EIA cell of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Sri Lanka as a Project Approving Agency (PAA) according to the provisions of National Environmental Act (Amended) No. 56 of 1988. The study identifies and analyses efficiencies and failures of the EIA cell of the Ministry approving and monitoring 62 projects from the private sector and 30 projects from public sector in balancing concerns of nature and development. As a result recommendations to augment the capacities and efficiencies of EIA cell in approving and monitoring projects are made with reference to analyzing relevant policies, objectives and perceptions of line institutions and project proponents for balanced development.

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Ola, Oreoluwa, and Emmanuel Benjamin. "Preserving Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in West African Forest, Watersheds, and Wetlands: A Review of Incentives." Forests 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060479.

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While biodiversity and ecosystem services derived from the natural environment are the backbones of West African rural livelihood, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, conflicts, and climate change threaten the continued provision of ecosystem services. This threat creates an urgent need to safeguard the integrity of the environment. Evaluating the effectiveness of environmental conservation projects is central towards designing and scaling-up successful conservation projects. Using secondary literature and project reports, we reviewed ongoing and completed conservation projects in the West African sub-region. Scientific work on incentives for ecosystem services in sub-Saharan Africa typically focuses on Southern and Eastern Africa, leaving Western Africa underserved. This study fills this literature gap by compiling lessons from conservation projects in West Africa to offer region-specific incentives that should inform the design of conservation projects in the region. The study shows that the way forward is a holistic, sustainable development approach that mirrors and meets strategies outlined in Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, 5, 8, 13, and 17: No Poverty, End Hunger and Promote Sustainable Agriculture, Gender Equality, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Climate Action, and Partnerships for the Goals, respectively.

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Viani, Ricardo A. G., Henrique Bracale, and Denise Taffarello. "Lessons Learned from the Water Producer Project in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111031.

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Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) is a powerful strategy for large-scale tropical forest recovery, and payment for ecosystem services (PES) is used to support FLR programs and projects on privately-owned land. In this article, we discuss the lessons learned from the Water Producer Project, a pioneer, multiple-stakeholder, and PES-supported FLR project in the Atlantic Forest, south-eastern Brazil. The project was implemented in four landscapes located in two municipalities. Altogether, 41 PES contracts with landowners were signed, resulting in various FLR practices being implemented in a total of 342.4 ha (64.2 ha for riparian forest restoration, 90.8 ha for soil conservation, and 187.4 for forest conservation) of land, which represents 39% of the project goal. As of the end of the project, only 50% (USD 49,250) of the available PES funds had been spent. However, funds spent on project planning, implementation, communication, and monitoring were 12 times greater than those spent on PES. Several challenges restricted the progress and monitoring of the project. The main issue was landowner participation and/or engagement. In terms of lessons learned, we highlight that PES schemes are more complex than initially thought, and that sufficient funding does not guarantee the success of FLR projects. It is essential to promote landowner participation and engagement by considering them key players in FLR projects. Finally, acceptance from landowners was higher and implementation was easier for forest conservation practices that required no land-use changes. Thus, we suggest that similar future projects should focus on targeting private properties in marginal agricultural lands with a high probability of natural regeneration. Alternatively, future projects could focus on lands with remnant forest cover of high conservation value.

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Røskar, Tanja. "THE VOICE OF CONSERVATION-RESTORATION ON MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESTORATION PROJECTS." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 8 (December 20, 2019): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.1098.

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As conservator-restorers we should be „a voice of reason”, an advocate that speaks for the cultural heritage values of our built heritage. However, we are often only one voice in a large group consisting of everything from structural engineers, geologists and carpenters to economic advisors and bureaucrats. Being a conservator-restorer in such settings often turns out to be a great balancing act. On the one hand, we are supposed to protect the buildings against any intervention that will compromise its authenticity and cultural values. On the other hand, we must allow as much protective work as possible to ensure the buildings’ future. Questions that can arise for a conservator-restorer during and after discussions in multi-disciplinary groups are many. Questions that needs answering before work starts. Are the conservator-restorer and the master craftsperson really on each end of the scale in a project, or is it just that we use different words? Is it conservation ethics versus the practical view of the engineer, or can both sides be pragmatic and find a new and possibly better solution? Is it possible that the conservator-restorer and the funding body can meet in the middle, or can that jeopardize the project?

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Huszar, Paul C., Hadi S. Pasaribu, and Sapta Putra Ginting. "The Sustainability of Indonesia's Upland Conservation Projects." Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 30, no. 1 (April 1994): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074919412331336567.

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Game, Edward T., James A. Fitzsimons, Geoff Lipsett-Moore, and Eve McDonald-Madden. "Subjective risk assessment for planning conservation projects." Environmental Research Letters 8, no. 4 (November 25, 2013): 045027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/045027.

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Sun, Li, Stephen Doyle, and Robin Smith. "Understanding steam costs for energy conservation projects." Applied Energy 161 (January 2016): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.046.

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Shwiff, S. A., A. Anderson, R. Cullen, P. C. L. White, and S. S. Shwiff. "Assignment of measurable costs and benefits to wildlife conservation projects." Wildlife Research 40, no. 2 (2013): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12102.

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Success of wildlife conservation projects is determined by a suite of biological and economic factors. Donor and public understanding of the economic factors is becoming increasingly central to the longevity of funding for conservation efforts. Unlike typical economic evaluation, many costs and benefits related to conservation efforts are realised in non-monetary terms. We identify the types of benefits and costs that arise from conservation projects and examine several well developed techniques that economists use to convert benefits and costs into monetary values so they may be compared in a common metric. Costs are typically more readily identifiable than benefits, with financial project costs reported most frequently, and opportunity and damage costs reported much less often. Most current evaluation methods rely primarily on cost-effectiveness analysis rather than cost–benefit analysis, a result of the difficultly in measuring benefits. We highlight improved methodology to measure secondary costs and benefits on a broader spatial scale, thereby promoting project efficacy and long-term success. Estimation of the secondary effects can provide a means to engage a wider audience in discussions of wildlife conservation by illuminating the relevant impacts to income and employment in local economies.

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Middleton, Jo, Jackie A. Cassell, Gavin Colthart, Francesca Dem, James Fairhead, Michael G. Head, Joao Inacio, et al. "Rationale, experience and ethical considerations underpinning integrated actions to further global goals for health and land biodiversity in Papua New Guinea." Sustainability Science 15, no. 6 (April 30, 2020): 1653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00805-x.

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Abstract The SURFACES project is integrating action on good health and wellbeing [Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3] and conservation of life on land (SDG 15) in the threatened rainforests of Papua New Guinea (PNG), and mapping evidence of similar projects worldwide. Our approach is framed by Planetary Health, aiming to safeguard both human health and the natural systems that underpin it. Our rationale is demonstrated through a summary of health needs and forest conservation issues across PNG, and how these play out locally. We outline differing types of integrated conservation and health interventions worldwide, providing examples from Borneo, Uganda, India and elsewhere. We then describe what we are doing on-the-ground in PNG, which includes expansion of a rainforest conservation area alongside the establishment of a nurse-staffed aid post, and an educational intervention conceptually linking forest conservation and health. Importantly, we explore some ethical considerations on the conditionality of medical provision and identify key challenges to the successful implementation of such projects. The latter include: avoiding cross-sectoral blindness and achieving genuine interdisciplinary working; the weak evidence base justifying projects; and temporal-spatial issues. We conclude by suggesting how projects integrating actions on health and conservation SDGs can benefit from (and contribute to) the energy of the emerging Planetary Health movement.

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Díaz, Sandra, and Daniel M. Cáceres. "Ecological approaches to rural development projects." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 17, suppl (2001): S201—S208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2001000700030.

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Most rural development projects include ecological considerations, and most conservation projects include some reference to sustainable development. However, conservation projects frequently fail because they do not incorporate local communities' perceptions and needs. Many development projects are also unsuccessful because they are not based on adequate ecological assessment. We focus here on the most important ecological issues to be addressed in order to place development projects in an ecosystem context. Such projects should incorporate updated and precise ecological concepts and methods. Some key ecological issues in development projects are the relationships between ecosystem functions, services, and sustainability, the concept of loose connectivity, the distinct and complementary concepts of ecosystem resistance and resilience, and the links between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We claim that an ecologically sound development project maximizes the preservation and improvement of ecosystem services, especially for local communities. We pose a series of questions aimed at placing rural development projects in an ecosystem context and suggest ways of organizing this information.

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Chunxia, YANG, CHEN Xiaofeng, LI Li, Chen Xi, HU Jia, and HONG Qian. "Soil - Water Loss and Measures Measure composition of Overhead Power Transmission Lines in Hilly area." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301034.

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The disturbance characteristics of power transmission line projects are long distance, scattered disturbances, large differences in natural conditions, and diverse types and strengths of soil erosion. These two points are the key to soil and water conservation, Including that identifying the main controlling factors of soil erosion in each construction disturbance area, and adapting measures to local conditions, and setting up water and soil conservation measures for disasters are power transmission lines in hilly areas. This paper took a specific project as an example, analyzed and evaluated the characteristics of water and soil erosion in the project and optimizes the configuration of measures, in order to provide a reference for the arrangement of water and soil conservation measures in the construction of similar projects.

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Dickson, Rebecca, Marc Baker, Noémie Bonnin, David Shoch, Benjamin Rifkin, Fiona A. Stewart, and Alex K. Piel. "Combining Deforestation and Species Distribution Models to Improve Measures of Chimpanzee Conservation Impacts of REDD: A Case Study from Ntakata Mountains, Western Tanzania." Forests 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111195.

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Projects to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) are designed to reduce carbon emissions through avoided deforestation and degradation, and in many cases, to produce additional community and biodiversity conservation co-benefits. While these co-benefits can be significant, quantifying conservation impacts has been challenging, and most projects use simple species presence to demonstrate positive biodiversity impact. Some of the same tools applied in the quantification of climate mitigation benefits have relevance and potential application to estimating co-benefits for biodiversity conservation. In western Tanzania, most chimpanzees live outside of national park boundaries, and thus face threats from human activity, including competition for suitable habitat. Through a case study of the Ntakata Mountains REDD project in western Tanzania, we demonstrate a combined application of deforestation modelling with species distribution models to assess forest conservation benefits in terms of avoided carbon emissions and improved chimpanzee habitat. The application of such tools is a novel approach that we argue permits the better design of future REDD projects for biodiversity co-benefits. This approach also enables project developers to produce the more manageable, accurate and cost-effective monitoring, reporting and verification of project impacts that are critical to verification under carbon standards.

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Barlow, Thomas, Mandappa Biddanda, Samarth Mendke, Emmanuel Miyingo, Anabel Sicko, Panos Y. Papalambros, Cheng-Chun Chien, and William O'Neal. "A SYSTEM DESIGN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.28.

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AbstractIntegrated Natural Resource Conservation and Development (INRCD) Projects are efforts at worldwide locations to promote economic development of local communities consistent with conservation of natural resources. This umbrella term includes Integration Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) introduced by the World Wide Fund to combine social development and conservation s through the use of socio-economic investments, and the Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) research and development efforts that have employed a systems approach for quantitative modeling and optimization. In the spirit of the INRCD framework, we describe the development of a system-level agriculture and energy model comprising engineering and economic models for crop, irrigation, and energy subsystem designs for a community in Central Uganda. The model architecture is modular allowing modifications for different system configurations and project locations. We include some initial results and discuss next steps for system optimization, refining model assumptions, and modeling community social benefits as drivers of such projects.

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Rajski, Pauline Victoria, and Panos Y. Papalambros. "INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCE AND CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: A REVIEW OF SUCCESS FACTORS FROM A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.448.

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AbstractIntegrated Natural Resource and Conservation Development (INRCD) Projects is an umbrella term for a variety of Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs), a concept first introduced by the World Wide Fund for Nature in the mid 1980s to target practice-oriented efforts in developing countries; and Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) research and development projects introduced as adaptive management for fisheries, wildlife, forest, and rangeland to target analysis-oriented efforts in developing and developed countries. Both efforts seek to balance economic development and natural resource conservation. This paper reviews the literature over the past four decades in an attempt to determine which planning and execution methods lead to greater success. A thematic analysis revealed three broad areas of importance: community inclusion and income diversification, inadequate training and management, and inability to properly quantify data. A systems design optimization approach for such projects is advocated to support project decision making in these areas of importance.

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Kelly, Rachel, Aysha Fleming, Gretta T. Pecl, Julia von Gönner, and Aletta Bonn. "Citizen science and marine conservation: a global review." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1814 (November 2, 2020): 20190461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0461.

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Climate change, overfishing, marine pollution and other anthropogenic drivers threaten our global oceans. More effective efforts are urgently required to improve the capacity of marine conservation action worldwide, as highlighted by the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021–2030. Marine citizen science presents a promising avenue to enhance engagement in marine conservation around the globe. Building on an expanding field of citizen science research and practice, we present a global overview of the current extent and potential of marine citizen science and its contribution to marine conservation. Employing an online global survey, we explore the geographical distribution, type and format of 74 marine citizen science projects. By assessing how the projects adhere to the Ten Principles of Citizen Science (as defined by the European Citizen Science Association), we investigate project development, identify challenges and outline future opportunities to contribute to marine science and conservation. Synthesizing the survey results and drawing on evidence from case studies of diverse projects, we assess whether and how citizen science can lead to new scientific knowledge and enhanced environmental stewardship. Overall, we explore how marine citizen science can inform current understanding of marine biodiversity and support the development and implementation of marine conservation initiatives worldwide. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation’.

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Chapman, Lauren J., and Colin A. Chapman. "Integrated Conservation-Development Projects: A Case Study Evaluation." Ecology 74, no. 3 (April 1993): 974–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940831.

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Nita, Andreea, Laurentiu Rozylowicz, Steluta Manolache, Cristiana Maria Ciocănea, Iulia Viorica Miu, and Viorel Dan Popescu. "Collaboration Networks in Applied Conservation Projects across Europe." PLOS ONE 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2016): e0164503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164503.

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Tulloch, Ayesha I. T., Richard F. Maloney, Liana N. Joseph, Joseph R. Bennett, Martina M. I. Di Fonzo, William J. M. Probert, Shaun M. O'Connor, Jodie P. Densem, and Hugh P. Possingham. "Effect of risk aversion on prioritizing conservation projects." Conservation Biology 29, no. 2 (October 18, 2014): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12386.

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Bhattacharjee, Kaushik. "Measurement and Verification of Industrial Energy Conservation Projects." Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment 33, no. 1 (July 2013): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485236.2013.10750246.

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Reyers, John, and John Mansfield. "The assessment of risk in conservation refurbishment projects." Structural Survey 19, no. 5 (December 2001): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630800110412480.

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Lenker, Carl, Melissa Harclerode, Keith Aragona, Angela Fisher, Jeramy Jasmann, and Paul W. Hadley. "Integrating Groundwater Conservation and Reuse into Remediation Projects." Remediation Journal 24, no. 2 (March 2014): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.21389.

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Scudder, Thayer. "Conservation vs. Development: River Basin Projects in Africa." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 31, no. 2 (March 1989): 4–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1989.9928929.

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Anderson, Dennis. "Economic aspects of afforestation and soil conservation projects." Annals of Regional Science 21, no. 3 (November 1987): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01287285.

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Chambers, Josephine, Margarita Del Aguila Mejía, Raydith Ramírez Reátegui, and Chris Sandbrook. "Why joint conservation and development projects often fail: An in-depth examination in the Peruvian Amazon." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 365–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619873910.

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Conservation projects commonly claim to convert local people into long-term environmental stewards and improve their well-being. Yet, evidence frequently contradicts these win-win claims. The “multiple environmentalities” framework outlines distinct approaches that projects often use to foster environmental motivation and behavior: (1) neoliberal: constructing material incentives, (2) sovereign: imposing protective laws, and (3) disciplinary: fostering norms and values. We use a mixed method approach to examine how combinations of these environmentalities shape the land use motivations and behavior of 270 families living in 15 project settings in the Peruvian Amazon. We identify four direct reasons why these projects often fail to achieve their intended outcomes, regardless of the environmentalities employed: (1) self-selection of like-minded individuals, (2) limited ability of extrinsic motivators (i.e. material incentives and protective laws) to reduce reported deforestation behaviors, (3) limited internalization of motivations for conservation, and (4) ignored broader economic drivers of deforestation. We argue that these challenges stem from the typical external design of conservation projects based on fixed and limited interpretations of human motivation. Our findings point to the importance of deliberative processes that can support local and external actors to navigate and reframe competing motivations to co-design approaches to conservation governance at local and broader scales.

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Johannesen, Anne Borge, and Anders Skonhoft. "Tourism, poaching and wildlife conservation: what can integrated conservation and development projects accomplish?" Resource and Energy Economics 27, no. 3 (October 2005): 208–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2004.10.001.

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Sodikoff, Genese. "An Exceptional Strike: A Micro-history of 'People versus Park' in Madagascar." Journal of Political Ecology 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v14i1.21682.

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The article presents a microhistory of a work strike in an Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP) located in a rain forest of eastern Madagascar. ICDPs in Madagascar, as in other rain forest countries, are instruments of "green" neoliberal policy, a dominant development paradigm in Africa since the late 1980s. International donors and the Malagasy state are expanding the number of protected areas in Madagascar, and foreign NGOs typically manage the start-up phase of projects aimed at lessening slash-and-burn horticulture (called tavy) in the forest and to developing ecological tourism. The article traces the roles and narratives of low-wage, locally-hired ICDP workers, who perform the menial tasks of forest conservation. Details of a work strike by lower-tier ICDP workers in 1996 reveal dynamics of environmental interventions that have been neglected in analyses and evaluations. To understand conservation’s recurrent failures, one must investigate not only the sources of tension between agrarian populations and park representatives but also those arising from conservation’s historical division of labor. Key Words: conservation, labor, capitalism, development, parks, Madagascar

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Corti, Laura, and Marilyn Schmitt. "Data‐processing projects in art." Museum International 39, no. 1 (March 1987): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1987.tb00667.x.

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Peter, Maria, Tim Diekötter, Kerstin Kremer, and Tim Höffler. "Citizen science project characteristics: Connection to participants’ gains in knowledge and skills." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e0253692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253692.

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Background Biodiversity is being lost rapidly and its conservation is thus one of the most urgent tasks today. For biodiversity conservation to be successful, the public needs to gain an awareness and understanding of biodiversity and its importance. Moreover, species experts are needed who have the skills necessary for identifying and recording biodiversity. Previous research showed that citizen science projects can contribute to educating the public about biodiversity. However, it is still unclear how project characteristics connect to participants’ knowledge and skills and how citizen science projects should be designed if they are to foster participants’ learning. Aim We aimed to investigate specific characteristics of biodiversity citizen science projects that could potentially influence participants’ learning. We explored the following project characteristics from both the project coordinators’ and the participants’ perspectives: information and training provided to participants, social interaction among participants, contact between participants and staff, and feedback and recognition provided to participants. Methods and results In order to examine the extent to which these project characteristics are connected to participants’ gains in knowledge and skills, we conducted a comprehensive study across 48 biodiversity citizen science projects in Europe and Australia. We found that participants’ perceived gains in knowledge and skills were significantly related to the five project characteristics as reported by the participants: information received by the participants, training received by the participants, social interaction among participants, contact between participants and staff, and feedback and recognition received by the participants. Conclusion We conclude that by deliberately designing citizen science projects to include features such as interaction and feedback, these projects could achieve higher learning outcomes for the participants. Thereby, suitable modes of communication between projects and their participants are crucial. We provide specific suggestions for the design of biodiversity citizen science projects and for future research on project characteristics and participant outcomes.

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Zhang, Dongcheng, Maoshan Qiang, Hanchen Jiang, Qi Wen, Nan An, and Bingqing Xia. "Social sensing system for water conservation project: a case study of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China." Water Policy 20, no. 4 (May 23, 2018): 667–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.141.

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Abstract Public participation in water conservation projects is gaining more and more attention in the information era. Public opinion, showing the focus and interests of the public, is the basis of public participation. This paper proposes a social sensing system based on social media platforms, which employs two natural language processing technologies, namely, sentiment analysis and topic modeling. The public opinion on water conservation projects is monitored from three perspectives: public opinion intensity (POI) monitoring, topic detection, and sentiment analysis. To test their effectiveness, a case study on the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) in China is conducted. The public opinion data were acquired from Sina Weibo, China's largest social media platform. The results indicate that: (1) POI peaks when hot project-related events occur, and POI of direct stakeholders apparently exceeds indirect stakeholders; (2) different stakeholders have different topics of concern closely associated with their interests; (3) negative events always lead to dramatic decreases in the sentiment value (SV), while positive events only slightly lift SV. The proposed system has achieved real-time monitoring of the public opinion on water conservation projects. Consequently, it can help to improve the level of public participation and provide a valuable reference in project management and policy-making.

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Amenumey, Felix, Melissa Pawlisch, and Okechukwu Ukaga. "Energy Production and Consumption Patterns and Planning: A Case of Northeast Minnesota." Energy & Environment 18, no. 3-4 (July 2007): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830507781076185.

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The Clean Energy Resource Teams (CERTs) is a project designed to give local citizens and other stakeholders a voice in planning and determining their energy future. In total, there are seven CERTs operating in seven regions across Minnesota, USA. CERTs connect citizens with technical expertise to facilitate planning and implementation of energy conservation and renewable energy projects. These technical resources are helping the teams identify and prioritize the most appropriate and cost-effective opportunities within their regions. This paper will describe one of these energy teams (the Northeast CERT) and its efforts in promoting clean energy production and conservation. A key product of the Northeast CERT is a strategic energy plan that highlights the region's top energy priorities. As part of its project priorities, the Northeast Minnesota CERT is working to set up demonstration projects at every school and community in the region. Toward this goal, the team is currently collaborating with two schools in the region to set up renewable energy projects such as wind and solar, which in turn would help students to understand that renewables and conservation can and should be an integral part of our energy system.

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Samour, Jaime, James Irwin-Davies, Mubarak Mohanna, and Essa Faraj. "Conservation at Al-Areen Wildlife Park, Bahrain." Oryx 23, no. 3 (July 1989): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300022869.

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Bahrain was perhaps the first Arab country to realize the rapid decline of many native wild animal populations in the region and the urgent need to implement measures to ensure their survival. Part of Bahrain's response to this realization was the establishment of Al-Areen Wildlife Park. It was hoped that setting up a conservation centre dedicated to the preservation of wildlife would promote similar projects in other countries in the region. Now, more than 10 years since its creation, the authors review the original objectives of the project, its achievements and its aims for the future.

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JOHANNESEN, ANNE BORGE. "Designing integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs): illegal hunting, wildlife conservation, and the welfare of the local people." Environment and Development Economics 11, no. 2 (March 22, 2006): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x05002792.

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This paper develops a bio-economic model to explore the effect on illegal hunting, wildlife conservation, and human welfare of the most common instruments of two different designs of Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) currently in existence. First, it is demonstrated that the distribution of game meat and money transfers to the local people fails if not explicitly linked to the conservation objective. Second, the analysis shows that ICDPs relying on such a link, implemented as a risk of being excluded from the project if caught in illegal hunting, may reach their goal of improved wildlife conservation and human welfare. The theoretical model is illustrated by numerical calculations using data from the Serengeti in Tanzania.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Conservation projects'

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