Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conservation des ressources naturelles – France'
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Sandoz, Alain. "Proposition d'une méthodologie adaptée au suivi de l'occupation du sol d'une zone humide aménagée : application au bassin du Fumemorte (Grande Camargue,France)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10023.
Full textThe objective was the development of a methodology adapted to the monitoring of land use in wetlands, which should be applied for various space and time units. Two main tools are used for this purpose : satellite remote sensing and georeferenced data bases. The experiment was conducted on a drainage basin, the fumemorte catchment in the rhone delta. The use of historical or newly acquired data is illustrated with some examples concerning the agricultural sector of the catchment and marshes of the tour du valat estate. In these examples, data from satellite images processing are integrated with other spatialized data. Results demonstrate the capabilities of the method for the monitoring of this particular environment, and for the interpretation of the data
Boillet, Nicolas. "La mise en valeur du patrimoine naturel et culturel en droit public." Lorient, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LORIL141.
Full textThe promotion of the natural and cultural heritage is today an integral part of public policies enacted by both the state and local authorities. The stated objectives of these policies gather together a number of areas including the promotion of cultural heritage, along with the economic and territorial development of the regions in question. Once the interest, the objectives and the functions of the notion of promoting national heritage have been clearly defined it is possible to identify a set of rules and legal procedures which guarantee the actual substance of the aforementioned notion. The different features making up natural and cultural heritage have therefore come under the jurisdiction of property law. This French property law raises a number of questions centred on the economic reality of promoting national heritage. The idea of economic development outlined the French Code général de la propriété publique has also itself contributed to a debate on the matter of national heritage. Developments in environmental and cultural law have helped to shape the framework within which the promotion of national heritage is to be found. However, the aforementioned framework also includes a number of specific rules of a purely incentive nature. Promoting national and cultural heritage consequently provides an element of coherence and harmony regarding, on the one hand aspects of natural heritage, and on the other hand aspects of environmental, cultural and property law
Privat, Christophe Édouard. "La chasse et la protection des espaces naturels : éléments pour une évolution juridique des rapports chasse-nature." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40012.
Full textShwartz, Assaf. "Les interactions entre la biodiversité et les citadins au cœur d'une métropole." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0005.
Full textUrban conservation is emerging as an integrative discipline that explores cities, biodiversity, people and their environment. However, the role that biodiversity plays in people’s life has rarely been investigated. In this thesis, I explored the people-biodiversity interaction in small public gardens in Paris (France). I found that gardens can host rich biodiversity, which can be enhanced by certain management practices. However, while people were highly interested in discovering this diversity and related it to their well-being, they demonstrated poor capabilities to experience this diversity and in fact did not notice it. This highlights a people-biodiversity paradox, which could be related to the extinction of experience. The separation of people from nature in cities modifies people’s relation with biodiversity by limiting abilities to experience the quality of nature. Participating in conservation education programs can help avert this extinction of experience locally
Viallon, Alain. "Protection et développement dans trois parcs nationaux de l'arc alpin. Le cas de Berchtesgaden (Allemagne), Hohe Tauern (Autriche) et Mercantour (France)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10028.
Full textStahl, Lucile. "Le droit de la protection de la nature et de la diversité biologique dans les collectivités françaises d'Outre-mer." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_stahl_l.pdf.
Full textThanks to its overseas collectivities, France enhances its heritage with a great diversity of species and ecosystems, often rare and sometimes unique. However, there are rather serious threats which weigh on this exceptional heritage. In this context, it is essential to evaluate the accuracy of the law of nature protection and biodiversity. The characteristics and legal status of the protection of nature, as well as its influence on the environmental, overseas and public laws, have been analyzed here. It will be shown that in contact with collectivities’ legal diversity – and a fortiori since the 28 March 2003 revision of the Constitution related to the decentralized organization of the Republic – a specific law on nature’s conservation is emerging. However, the efficiency of the overseas law, whether it is an exact copy of the law in Continental France or elaborated in a more autonomous way, still remains limited for the protection of biodiversity. It therefore appears necessary to strengthen the law on nature protection, both in its conception and enforcement. In this respect, an increase in awareness of certain ecological overseas’ specificities (such as being an island, extreme sensitivity to exotic invasive species, coral reef and endemic species, etc. ) could effectively contribute to this reinforcement
Rakotoarison, Hanitra. "ANALYSE ET MODÉLISATION DE LA GESTION DU GRAND GIBIER : CAS DE LA RÉGION AQUITAINE." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433426.
Full textWelch-Devine, Meredith. "Co-gestion des milieux naturels dans les Pyrénées : Natura 2000 et la gestion des propriétés collectives Basques (exemple du pays de Soule)." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU1012.
Full textThe Basque province of Soule (department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France) contains more than 14,000 hectares of common-pool land. This land provides numerous resources, most notably summer pasturage, to the animal raisers of the province who, for centuries, have collectively managed that land under a common property regime. At the same time, biodiversity conservation has arisen as a chief concern of the international community and of European policy-makers. In 1992, the European Commission passed the Habitats Directive, which, together with the Birds Directive, creates a pan-European network of areas to be managed for social, economic, and ecological sustainability. This network, called Natura 2000, is made up of conservation sites on both public and private lands, and the common lands of Soule are covered almost in their entirety by Natura 2000 sites. The implementation of Natura 2000 is pushing the current system toward one of co-management between resource users, state agencies, and other stakeholders yet to be identified. This dissertation research examines the co-management process that is slowly emerging and compares it to the existing management regime. I discuss how relations between Basques and the French state combine with features of the implementation process to create resistance. I then examine the major themes of resistance and their origins, and explore the particularities that must be considered when moving from common property to co-management
Baret, Pierre. "La propriété commune comme instrument de gestion des espaces valorisant leur patrimoine naturel." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21047.
Full textLanord, Magali. "La Conservation des habitats naturels et de la faune sauvage : le droit communautaire et sa mise en oeuvre en France." Clermont 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF10251.
Full textBiodiversity is undergoing a period of regression as illustrated by the deterioration of natural sites and the disappearance of many animal species. Despite the boom in community laws ont the environment, agricultural and forestry policies have long played a role in this degradation
Becerra, Sylvia. "Protéger la nature : politiques publiques et régulations locales en Espagne et en France." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133021.
Full textBessenay, Carole. "La gestion des données environnementales dans un espace naturel sensible : le système d'information géographique des Hautes-Chaumes foréziennes (Massif central)." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET2024.
Full textThe object of this research is to present and to apply to a specific territory the geographical information systems' concepts and potentialities that can help understand the functioning and evolution processes of natural spaces. The GIS of the "Hautes-Chaumes foreziennes" underlines the interest of a computerization of "ecological planning" methods whose aims are to integrate environment into management practices thanks to the analysis of the specific aptitudes or sensitivities of one space. This study is based on the inventory and the mapping ot the Hautes-Chaumes principal natural and human characteristics : topography, vegetation, humidity, pastoral activities. . . The selection of several criteria allows the elaboration of a pluridisciplinary diagnosis which underlines the important sensitivity of this area. This diagnosis is then compared with an evaluation model of anthropic frequenting in a way to define a zoning of the most vulnerable sectors, which are both sensitive and subject to important pressures. This analysis should urge politicians to conceive differentiated management measures related with the incentives at stake in each area in order to conciliate all anthropic activities while respecting the aptitudes of this natural space
Carneiro, Ferreira Francisco Antônio. "Les réserves de biosphère : une réponse pour concilier développement urbain et conservation de la biodiversité ? : Expériences comparées d’urbanisation et de protection dans trois réserves de biosphères (Brésil, France Chine)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030019.
Full textUrban development is an important driver of environmental change on a global scale, which has exerted enormous pressure on ecosystems thanks to rapidly changing population densities and displacement, particularly migration from rural to urban areas. In this context, in which conservation and development objectives have historically been antagonistic, nature reserves have emerged as the main global strategy for biodiversity conservation. In order to verify the limits and possibilities of reconciling environmental protection and urban development, this study used the perspective of socio-environmental assessment studies, focusing on the issue of relations between society and the environment in urbanization processes around biosphere reserves. In this sense, it identifies different points of intersection between the theme of urban planning experiences and the notion of sustainable development. In the comparative analysis of three biosphere reserve cases - Mata Atlântica (Brazil), Yancheng (China) and Camargue (France) - we examine the experience of occupying of the transition zones of these biosphere reserves, located in coastal areas. The case studies offer additional information to reinforce the hypothesis that the urban development process in transition zones of the reserves has involved the reinforcement of predatory social and ecological strategies of urban and peri-urban occupation. The socio-economic and socio-cultural fragmentation of nature and local communities has contributed to the intensification of environmental pollution indices and the reduction of biological productivity in coastal regions. Finally, the work recognized the importance of strengthening an integrated and participatory planning system capable of correcting and preventing the deterioration of the natural and built environment caused by urban and peri-urban ocupation. it is considered essential to open up interdisciplinary research efforts to explore alternative policies for the sector, such as ecotourism
O desenvolvimento urbano é um importante motor da mudança ambiental em escala global, que tem exercido uma enorme pressão sobre os ecossistemas, graças à rápida mudança das densidades populacionais e deslocamentos, particularmente a migração das áreas rurais para as áreas urbanas. Neste contexto, em que os objetivos de conservação e de desenvolvimento tem sido historicamente antagônicos, as reservas naturais apresentam-se como a principal estratégia global de conservação da biodiversidade. A fim de verificar os limites e possibilidades de conciliar a proteção ambiental e o desenvolvimento urbano, neste estudo utilizou-se a perspectiva dos estudos de avaliação socioambiental, centrando-se na questão das relações entre a sociedade e o ambiente nos processos de urbanização em torno das reservas da biosfera. Nesse sentido, identifica diferentes pontos de intersecção entre o tema da planejamento urbano e a noção de desenvolvimento sustentável. Na análise comparativa dos três casos de Reservas da Biosfera - Mata Atlântica (Brasil), Yancheng (China) e Camargue (França) - examina a experiência de ocupação das áreas de transição dessas reservas biosfera, situadas em regiões costeiras. Os estudos de caso fornecem informações adicionais que reforçam a hipótese de que o processo de desenvolvimento urbano em zonas de transição das reservas envolvem o fortalecimento de estratégias sociais e ecológicas predatórias de ocupação urbana e periurbana. A fragmentação sócio-econômica e sociocultural da natureza e das comunidades locais tem contribuído à intensificação dos índices de poluição ambiental e a diminuição da produtividade em regiões costeiras. Finalmente, o trabalho reconheceu a importância de fortalecer um sistema de planejamento integrado e participativo que possa corrigir e prevenir o agravamento dos verdadeiros focos de deterioração do ambiente natural e construído induzido pela ocupação urbana e peri-urbana. Considera-se imprescindível a abertura do esforço de pesquisa interdisciplinar, para a exploração de políticas alternativas para o setor, como o ecoturismo. Palavras-chave: Urbanização, desenvolvimento urbano-turístico, ocupação periurbana, desenvolvimento sustentável, reservas da biosfera, ecoturismo
Buord, Stéphane. "Etudes écologique et biosystématique de la flore littorale remarquable de l'arc dunaire Gâvres-Quiberon, futur grand site national : intérêts d'une approche pluridisciplinaire et des biotechnologies pour une gestion integrée de la biodiversité." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0002.
Full textGodet, Laurent. "L’évaluation des besoins de conservation d’un patrimoine naturel littoral marin : l’exemple des estrans meubles de l’archipel de Chausey." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0004.
Full textThe intention of conserving the marine littoral biodiversity appeared following the awareness of its high vulnerability. In the current context of the sixth extinction, conservation biologists mainly focus on rich, rare, and vulnerable elements. But is it not a fight against the “tip of iceberg” of the biodiversity crisis? Do the common marine littoral habitats not represent a conservation stake as well? To answer this question, we explore the conservation needs of the soft-bottom benthic intertidal habitats of the Chausey archipelago (Normand-Breton Gulf). The highlighting of 180 years of naturalist testimonies, marvellous reference state of the natural heritage of the site and its perception along two centuries, as well as the development and the application of a new method allowing to map, monitor and describe accurately each benthic habitat, reveal the extreme complexity of this archipelago which includes almost all the soft-bottom benthic intertidal habitats of the north-western Europe. Of these habitats, few benefit from conservation measures. However, through the example of the Lanice conchilega beds, we underline the high conservation need of an ordinary habitat, which is a priori non-vulnerable and almost impossible to conserve because of its huge distribution. In Chausey, this habitat represents an important conservation need both from a biological and a socioeconomic point of view. In addition, it is threatened by shellfish farming which negatively impacts its associated benthic macrofaunal assemblage and its attractive nature for shorebirds. The conservation needs of each habitat are then evaluated through stakes (what is affected if a habitat disappears), hazards (extinction risk) and conservation possibilities, through an interdisciplinary approach combining ecology, geography, and history. The combination of these criteria highlights a diversity of conservation needs which can be generalized to a wide range of other marine littoral habitats of the temperate coasts
Lafage, Denis. "Déterminants multi-échelles des assemblages d'arthropodes et de plantes en plaine inondable : L'exemple de la vallée de la Loire." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0020.
Full textSpecies assemblages are stuctured by biotic and abiotic factors acting at local and landscape scales. In floodplains, assemblages are also exposed to perturbations, mainly due to flooding and management. These perturbations, are particularly important in the meadows of the Loire Valley which are managed by cutting and grazing and host rare animal and plant species sensitive to management and flooding. The main factors structuring arthropod (spiders and carabids) and plant assemblages were studied in the Loire Valley during three field campains between 2011 and 2013. Regarding arthropods, we demonstrated that plant biomass is an important driver of local carabid species richness and density. This underlines the existence of a "bottom-up" control of carabid diversity. Besides, carabids seem more sensitive than spiders to spring floods, spiders and carabids being considerabely less impacted than other arthropods. We also found recolonisation process to be dependant of the landscape configuration, mainly the hedges that act as a refuge. Meadow management by cutting has long been recognized to have a huge, mostly negative, impact on arthropods assemblages. Our study demonstrated that delaying cutting date for birds conservation, has only short term impact: large carabids are negatively affected by late cutting and spiders by early cutting. A better knowledge of habitat spatial repartition is essential to improve the understanding of factors structuring assemblages at large scale. In flooded meadows, the main factors are wetness (linked to flooding) and management. In our study, we defined habitat types presents in the Loire Valley. Besides, we successfully mapped those habitats coupling a phytosociological approach and remote sensing techniques. Whereas we demonstrated the importance of flooding and management, their relative importance remains poorly known. We found stochastic perturbations, such as flooding, being a more important driver of arthropod and vegetation diversity and density than management. Nevertheless, the relative contribution of local and landscape (composition and structure) factors in α and β diversities varied greatly with groups and diversity component under study. Our work is unique, by its amplitude along a major river catchment regarding arthropods. Unless our study confirmed the importance of some classical drivers at local and large scale, it also demonstrated that wetness, and so flooding, are the main drivers of assemblages. The major importance of landscape against local factors on arthropods was also confirmed, including for spiders. Finally, our work underlines the need of large scale approach in management and conservation planning of biodiversity in flooded meadows
Colonna, François. "Les conséquences du changement climatique sur les ressources en eau et le peuplement piscicole des cours d’eau de Corse." Thesis, Corte, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CORT0012.
Full textClimate change is a global phenomenon for which numerous studies have been carried out on many compartments. On a European scale as well as on a Mediterranean scale and on the local scale of Corsica, the same consequences are observed and all the trends confirm the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We are experiencing a general increase in temperatures as well as an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. These changes apply strong constraints to the natural environment. Corsica's waterways and their associated organisms are also subject to them.Faced with this observation, the research work developed within the framework of this thesis attempts to provide additional knowledge on the consequences of climate change on Corsican rivers and the fish that populate these hydrosystems.A new climatic synthesis comparing the period 1960-1984 with the period 1985-2020 is proposed and shows in what proportion global warming is impacting the Corsican region and which areas are most affected by its consequences. The intensification of drought periods is discussedParticular attention is paid to freshwater fish species for which we have proposed a comparison of growth rates in the context of climate change.Finally, in applied research work, we propose a decision-support tool for managers of Corsican rivers to enable them to be alerted by a deviation from the proposed models. These models serve as reference values developed from the results of fish surveys carried out throughout Corsica since the late 80’s
Rolet, Céline. "Les communautés macrozoobenthiques des sédiments meubles intertidaux du littoral Nord – Pas-de-Calais : structure, relations avec les limicoles hivernants et enjeux de conservation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10052/document.
Full textSoft intertidal areas are recognized as major interface ecosystems providing permanent or transitory habitat for reproduction, feeding and migration of many species. However, in the context of increasing human impact on coastal areas, beaches and estuaries are highly threatened. Studying their biodiversity and ecological functioning is therefore required to implement effective management and conservation strategies. As a contribution to achieve this goal, the relationship between benthic macrofauna (preys) and shorebirds (among their most important predators) were studied at the scale of Northern France. The main questions of this study were: (1) What are the macrobenthic communities found in soft intertidal areas (beaches and estuaries)? (2) What are their relationships with wintering shorebirds in a spatial context? (3) Do human forcings potentially affect these two biological compartments (i.e. benthic communities and shorebirds)? This work enabled, in a first step, the characterization of macrozoobenthic communities located in soft intertidal areas (diversity, abundance, biomass and spatial distribution) according to the EUNIS habitat classification. The relationship (functional approach) between these communities and their major predators (shorebirds) in winter has been investigated in a second step. Ecologically important sites have been identified and should be targeted as a priority for the implementation of management and conservation strategies at the regional scale
Rutaremara, Titus. "Le rôle des parcs naturels régionaux dans l'aménagement du territoire en France." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF20004.
Full textThe "d. A. T. A. R. " is the initiator and very often the creator of most of the french regional natural parks. These ones gother together mostly depreciated country (rural) areas, in which however, are found picturesque landscape and countryside. The use of the natural park institution is to plan and carry out a suitable development in these country (rural) territories, which, indeed, have got an ecological
Le, Ster Amélie. "Les Réserves de Biosphère (RB) et leurs contributions à la conservation de la nature et au développement territorial durable. Regards croisés à partir de la RB Yungas en Argentine, de la RB de la Mata Atlântica au Brésil et de la RB Luberon-Lure en France." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10232.
Full textBiosphere Reserves (BRs) are specifically protected areas. Those areas are defined by the UNESCO. BRs aim at reconciling environmental concern with human activities, while promoting a sustainable territorial development. They associate protected and non-protected places. The BR model also spread in more than 120 countries. The BRs are focused on a couple of principles, including participation, dialogue, collaboration and social apprenticeship of varied public and private players. But BRs are not uniform models. Studying three BRs from Argentina (Yungas), Brazil (Mata Atlântica) and France (Luberon-Lure) revealed field differences and also varied ways of organization and action at a local scale. Our study is based on in-depth field experience, interviews with local authorities, corporate people as well as local people, and analyze of technical and official documentation. The three examples of BRs show how diverse actions can be implemented to preserve nature. But the involvement of local population proved to be quite irregular. BRs don’t really prove to be clearly defined executive authorities leading tangible actions. Instead BRs mostly reveal as often ill-formalized places of dialogue. But the coordination of varied players, including some being external to the BR, makes it possible to drive collective actions. Those actions help to develop the territory. Our study highlights contributions, good practice, but also limits about the implementation of BR. Beyond their mission of nature protection, the contribution of the BRs to a sustainable territorial development policy would deserve to be expanded and reinforced
Robvieux, Pauline. "Conservation des populations de Cystoseira en régions Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur et Corse." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876899.
Full textGarineaud, Clément. "Récolter la mer : des savoirs et des pratiques des collecteurs d'algues à la gestion durable des ressources côtières dans le Finistère (Bretagne)." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0004/document.
Full textAfter several cycles over the course of past centuries, seaweed harvesting in Finistere is once again experiencing a revival and emerging as a promising sector. Beyond socio-economic transformations, it is also faced with current issues of biodiversity conservation and the sharing of maritime space. How can human activity and preservation of the environment be reconciled? The mobilized ethnoecological approach looks at resource management by local communities through their engagement - practices, traditional ecological knowledge, and representations. The aim of this thesis is thus twofold: understanding the dynamics of seaweed harvesters' engagement, and understanding how they mobilize and cope with current issues. Through ethnographic survey and ethnoecological methods, the scientific, social, and administrative frameworks were investigated diachronically to understand the context and the issue. The identity of the collectors were studied through both 'administrative statuses' as well as five profiles that emerged from the data. This diversity in forms of engagement is reflected in the sensory perceptions mobilized during harvesting, in the vernacular classifications of seaweed, and in how space is apprehended. The analysis of these three dimensions reveals a rich body of 'intimate', 'embodied', and 'situated' knowledge that is inextricable from practices relating to seaweed, aquatic environments, and ecosystem dynamics. Finally, various elements across knowledge and representations shed light on conflicts and illustrate the influence of science and industry on collectors. The climate event that took place during the winter of 2013–2014, for example, left an impact on seaweed resources and forced collectors to adapt. It revealed the interplay between actors of the various sectors and the composite (or even hybrid) nature of their engagement, a first step towards co-management
Le, Calvez Caroline. "Les usagers confrontés à la restauration de la continuité écologique des cours d’eau : approche en région Bretagne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20053/document.
Full textThe restoration of the ecological continuity of streams has lately become an iconic policy in France. Its implementation is regulated by ambitious national guidelines mixing water quality issues with biodiversity conservation. The action gives priority to a shift in management which relies on dam removal to create a river ecological network, and thereby a local environment change.This thesis aims at understanding the socio-spatial perception of that ecological-based public action through qualitative methods (documentary research, semi-structured interviews…). One feature of the research draws on a geo-historical approach that makes it possible to put into perspective the issues underscored by the projects implementation. In this respect, it has been decided to investigate two study cases in Brittany (West of France).The change of policy to restore ecological continuity is examined in its structural and substantial dimensions so as to understand its adaptations. Besides, by giving a primacy to the dynamics of conflicts, the analysis of some users' practices and representations highlights the rivers spaces appropriations. It also contributes to determining the differences of opinion between the participants of the projects. Beyond conflicts, the results also illustrate the local lack of legitimacy and socialefficiency of such an ambitious but experimental environmental policy to restore ecological continuity, that is yet to be constructed in both its ecological and social features
Delattre, Laurence. "Analyse des déterminants des choix de préservation des espaces agricoles et naturels dans les politiques locales d'urbanisme : apports d'une approche multi-méthodes." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0054.
Full textIn a context of strong spatial urban growth and given the social emerging issues related to peri-urban farmland preservation against sprawl, we look into the elements that determine local public choices of urban development, in terms of land consumption and densities. We first consider economic frameworks of analysis from Urban and Welfare Economics that address urban planning decision making. Then, we analyze how a multi-method approach (discourse analysis, text statistics and econometrics on a large municipal database) can help build a theoretical framework adapted to a regulated and decentralized context as the French one. We apply this approach to Southeastern France municipal land use plans (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, "PACA" Region). The result is an enriched framework of analysis that shows the importance of determinants rarely mentioned in the literature and an assessment of their effect on public decision. Particular roles of some agricultural activity characteristics, elected officials' legitimacy, some of the political characteristics, supra¬municipal policies and interactions between municipalities are outlined. We also highlight synergies between qualitative and quantitative methods such as between discourse, text analyses and econometrics, namely in a perspective of generalization to heterogeneous geographical and institutional contexts. Avenues for future research and some recommendations to public decision-makers are lastly proposed for an in-depth examination
Kjaergaard, Thorkild. "Den danske Revolution 1500-1800 : en økohistorisk tolkning /." Kobenhavn : Gyldendal, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35523075z.
Full textTorri, Maria Costanza. "La conservation et l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles et la gestion participative, le cas de la région de la réserve naturelle des tigres de Sariska, Rajasthan, Inde /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39950244c.
Full textBibliogr. p. 210-215. Résumé en français et en anglais. CIHEAM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes. IAMM = Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier.
Bailly, Denis. "Economie des ressources naturelles communes : la gestion des bassins conchylicoles." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11044.
Full textDje, Yao. "Conservation des ressources génétiques des races locales de sorgho en Afrique du Nord occidentale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211888.
Full textBarrière, Olivier. "Gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables et conservation des écosystèmes au Sahel : le foncier-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010299.
Full textThe objet of the study is related to the research on a coviability between humans and ecosystems within a sahelian context whose environmental, socioeconomical and political data have deeply evolued since at least twenty years. An approach based on the anthropo-juridical study of the various exploitation systems and their interactions infers the fundamental imbrication of the land (defined as the substrate support of the biotic elements and the ecological process) and of the environment (composed in particular of the renewed resources as stakes of power relations). This approach in environmental law is made from a methodological attitude taking into account three observation scales : the village territory, the province and the region. Constituing the binomial spaceresource as unit of observation and as operative concept in every scales, it explores the relation man-natural environment by decorticating the land tenure frame of each of the exploitation systems taken individually and in interaction with the others. The aim is to think the principles of a right considering the interactions which weigh on the behaviour of individuals, on their decision and their action in terms of management of natural resources and which integrate the necessity of the longterme coviability of the biodiversity and of the cultural diversity. This right should constitute a change lever and allow to move from the conflicting and disorganized situation that the analysis of the social structures shows to a juridical situation where the liberty margin of the social actors and their respective responsability shares are clarified in accordance with the rights they have on the space-resources and in which they must be, in other respects, secured
Rodary, Estienne. "Les espaces naturels : l'aménagement par la participation ? : mise en réseau et territorialisation des politiques de conservation de la faune en Zambie et au Zimbabwe." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE1041.
Full textBrithmer, Ronald. "Approche écologique de la gestion des ressources naturelles sur le littoral : exemples de la Martinique." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30037.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the coast line of martinique. It's got two essential purposes. - in a first time to study the ecological parameters (ground, climate) which govern the installation of the different environments encountered on the coastline. - in a second time to make some proposals in order to manage the natural resources. So, this document in structured in four parts : - a report as an "inventory of fixtures" of the coastline of martinique. It develops the physical aspects as well as the human resources. - some technical uses of the ecological and above all clematic given informations in order to have a thematic cartograph y of the island and to clonclude a bioclimatic map of this department. - two concrete practices regarding the management of the naturel resources : an approach of the legislature concerning the surroundings of the coastline to be protected and the forestation of some cleaned areas from endermic vegetable species. - some perspective to manage and follow up the natural resources from the use of satellite pictures spot
Gorsse, Benoît. "Les landes sèches des monts de Lacaune /." [Nages] (Ferme de Rieumontagné, 81320) : Centre de recherches du patrimoine de Rieumontagné, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40081133m.
Full textGangloff, Benoît. "Systematics and phylogeography in gadfly petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes) and implications for conservation." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Gangloff-Benoit/2010-Gangloff-Benoit-These.pdf.
Full textProcellariiformes are seabirds showing a set of characters rendering them particularly attractive to research. They are the most diverse seabird group, and probably also the most threatened, with 44. 7% species classified Vulnerable or worse under IUCN criteria. As many seabirds, they are fascinating models to study patterns and processes of population and species differentiation, being under contradictory evolutionary forces: on the one hand being extremely vagile allow them to disperse very far, which is supposed to enhance gene flow between populations, thus reducing their differentiation and diversification ; on the other hand, being extremely philopatric, they often return to breed in their natal colony, a pattern supposed to enhance population differentiation. Living in the ocean, they also constitute good models to investigate differentiation processes in the absence of physical barrier to gene flow. In addition, partly as a result of the opposite evolutionary forces just described, their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are complex, have proved very frustrating over the decades and have therefore been in a state of flux over the years. The development of molecular ecology in the last two decades have provided some new powerful tools to elucidate some of the phylogenetic uncertainties, to understand the observed phylogeographic patterns and have a better grasp at the underlying processes promoting diversification in these birds. These tools also allow a better understanding of population structure and relationships and can greatly help to the prioritisation and design of conservation actions directed at conserving these organisms. In this thesis, by means of molecular ecology tools, I investigated the phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of several taxa belonging to family Procellariidae, the most speciose in order Procellariiformes. I studied these at two levels: first at the genus level by describing phylogenetic relationships in genus Pseudobulweria, probably the most endangered seabird genus in the world; and second at the taxon and population level I focused on the Macaronesian group of gadfly petrels and on the Gould’s petrel complex, in particular regarding the relationships between its Australian and New Caledonian subspecies. Using a multiloci approach for each of these investigations provided a mean to improve our understandings : in Pseudobulweria the species tree approach used allowed inferring the phylogenetic relationships between all the taxa in the genus for the first time and to solve a taxonomic issue regarding the status of Beck’s petrel ; in Northeast Atlantic gadfly petrels, I showed that the divergence of the three taxa living in that region is much more recent than previously thought and that the three populations deserve at least the status of Evolutionary Significant Units ; in Gould’s petrel I showed that the two population currently recognised as subspecies are not structured genetically and the lineages have not diverged. These investigations underline the necessity to incorporate new methods and multiple loci when investigating the phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns in organisms to fully capture their complexity
N'Dui-Yabela, Alexis. "La Contribution internationale à la sauvegarde des ressources naturelles en Afrique Centrale." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0044.
Full textIn the right heart of the african continent, the sub-region of Central Africa has important natural resources. Unfortunately, those resources are lately facing an irrational exploitation, portending an environnemental situation of crisis in a short term. Aware of those threats, Central African's States and international community multiply many-sided strategies in order to reverse the tend. Many initiatives are recorded during the last years as much at the level of management political review as regards operational activities. This study tries to review some of them and show how Central African's States and civil society work hard, with the help of many internationals partners, to safeguard natural resources in prospect of a sustainable development. In this part of the world, the international environmental law doesn't stay on a theoretical level, but found expression in some concrete and field realizations
Le, Hardy Magali. "Problèmes juridiques posés par l'exploitation des ressources biologiques de la haute mer." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0033.
Full textRafaly, Vonintsoa. "La conservation des ressources halieutiques en haute mer : du régime classique de la responsabilité à la responsabilisation des états." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT3003.
Full textDoes everything have to change for everything to stay as it is ? The Law of the Sea is subject to continuous development to maintain the balance between freedom of resource exploitation and emerging environmental pressure. But does everything has to change ? The aim of this study is to get to the heart of the matter, especially regarding state responsibility in the conservation of marine biological resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Between crisis and evolution, the law of the sea has to find its feet regarding the challenges the international community is facing. In order to maintain a sustainable conservation of resources, the consideration of common interest and environmental requirements has led to a reconceptualisation of state responsibility, where international cooperation has its importance. The Law of the Sea has thus made their own and updated some international law and environmental law concepts, through emerging mechanisms to initiate new forms of state responsibility
Raffin, Coralie. "Bases biologiques et écologiques de la conservation du milieu marin en mer d'Iroise." Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2020.
Full textThis study allows an approach to management and protection of the marine environment of the Iroise Sea which is based on biological and ecological knowledge gained for the whole area. This work forms part of the national and international concern for biodiversity conservation by the acquisition and synthesis of scientific knowledge and their restitution with the other interested parties of conservation management. The biological richness of this marine area is attested by the presence of flagship-species, but the benthic environment has remained largely ignored. This study provides data which complete knowledge on the sedimentology of the Iroise's bottoms and allows the specification of the sedimentary cover and its space and seasonal variability. A broad range of sediment types is represented, with a basic importance of cobbles and gravels and the organization of the sediments in superimposed layers, inducing a high habitat complexity ; moreover, space variability masks seasonal variability. Following this, the study of the benthic fauna of the soft sediment bottoms allows the definition of the habitats and communities of the marine environment of Iroise, with six main units of communities of species, each comprising several facets, of which some have great ecological and patrimonial values. The importance of the frontal zone and its influence on the benthic communities are highlighted. An analyse of the use of space and resources in the Iroise Sea is outlined, as well as an assessment concerning the biodiversity and the current state of international reflections on marine protected areas. The final synthesis identifies the interests of the habitats and communities of Iroise and the potential anthropogenic threats in the short and medium term. The priorities and solutions for the conservation of this marine environment are discussed and a multiple-use zoning plan is proposed within the context of the future National Marine Park of the Iroise Sea
Zarrella, André-Dominique. "La politique internationale des pêcheries en Méditerranée : exploitation, gestion et conservation des ressources naturelles de la mer." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10008.
Full textMediterranean sea is actually suffering from an overfishing of its resources because of a lack of an international control policy of its fisheries. There is urgency and at the same time difficulties to cure this delicate situation, so many are the conflicts between traditional fisheries and states in Mediterranean sea. It seems impossible to adapt the oceanic fisheries control policy to the Mediterranean sea. The only solution is to create a project of partition of its natural resources from the new international law of the sea and concept of enclosed sea
Mobaied, Samira. "La dynamique spatiotemporelle de la végétation et l'organisation de la biodiversité des interfaces lande-forêt tempérée : implication pour la gestion conservatoire des réserves naturelles." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MNHN0004.
Full textEuropean heathlands were maintained by traditional agro-pastoral practices over the last 3000 years. Since 1950s, these traditional land uses have almost completely disappeared. As a result, heathland areas have been drastically reduced and have been overrun by grasses and woody species. Heathlands conservation requires consistent and permanent management action to control the natural succession. The ‘Trois Pignons’ forest (Fontainebleau, France) consists of a mosaic of heathlands and forests which are integrated into the Managed Biological Reserves (RBD). Since 1992, the managers of this RBD aim to maintain heathlands. In this context, we study in a first part, heathland vegetation dynamics at different spatial and temporal scales. Results show a gradual change from Ericaceae species in pure stand to a mosaic of grasses and Ericaceae, despite the application of measures to maintain this habitat in managed heathland. The development of grasses is correlated with thinness of the spatial variability of soil properties and the spatial variability of reforestation. In a second part, we assess changes in forest cover between 1946 and 2003. Results show the loss of 60% of heathlands during 1946–2003 associated to a similar increase in forest areas and the persistence of C. Vulgaris in coniferous stands and young mixed stand. We also study relationship between landscape spatio-temporal heterogeneity and biodiversity in mosaic-landscapes. The results indicate that in the areas of high spatio-temporal heterogeneity, a general increase is observed in species richness, in particular for vascular plants, bryophytes and carabids. The study demonstrates how spatial methods can contribute to the design of reliable management methods of habitats such as the heathlands, and enable us to offer recommendations as to how to better manage heathland semi-natural habitats of the Fontainebleau forest and elsewhere in Europe
Houfaidi, Jamila. "L'exercice de la souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles et les activités économiques : le cas du Maroc." Nancy 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN20006.
Full textDeybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Full textNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Talla, Tene Marius Rostand. "Le droit positif camerounais face aux impératifs de conservation de la faune sauvage et de promotion des populations autochtones." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS025S.
Full textThe environment’s protection does not have any more cease to be a priority for the subjects of the International law. Since the Summit of Rio de Janeiro on the environment and the development, this concern caused at the international level was taken more and more into account by the States. Cameroun did not remain with the margin of this process since many legal provisions were taken in order to protect nature and its resources in fact those consisted wild fauna. Indeed, while taking as a starting point the International law of the environment, the Cameroonian legislator devoted the principle of conservation of wildlife by recommending the control of hunting activities, by attaching a major importance to the protected areas and by controlling the use of the faunal resources at commercial purposes. These measurements were also combined with the other supposed ones to improve the living conditions of the autochthon communities like the facilitation of the access to the natural resources and the implication of those in the management of wild fauna. However, this regulation knows important limits primarily made up by the restriction of the principle of participation and the multiple difficulties of a functional nature. All these limits result in to relativize the results obtained by the policies of conservation of fauna and promotion of the rights of the autochthon communities to Cameroun. To ameliorate the situation, of important measures should be taken in particular the improvement of decentralization’s policy, the participation’s principle reinforcement, the reinforcement of the control of the commercial exploitation of the wildlife resources and the at last, the equipment of autochthon communities of a clear statute taking that is taking in consideration their particularities
Therville, Clara. "Des clichés protectionnistes aux approches intégratives : l'exemple des réserves naturelles de France." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869195.
Full textMichelot, Agnès. "Le principe de l'utilisation rationnelle en droit de l'environnement : une approche critique internationale et comparative à partir de la faune." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOD009.
Full textAn important step in the elaboration of a new juridical logic essential to the construction of an order respectful of ecological balance was taken with the acknowledgement of the principle of rational use in international law and its introduction into the internal law of numerous countries. If one bears in mind the evolution of the relationship between men and wildlife, an analysis of the principle enables one to apprehend critically the way human societies make use of nature. Born of the collective realization of the fading of wildlife resources and the necessity of regulating the activities responsible for the destruction of species, the principle of rational use reveals, on one hand, its importance and, on the other hand, its limits and inadequacies when it comes to exploiting efficiently wildlife and considering more globally the protection of the biosphere. Whereas the prevailing economic logic is called into question, wildlife, when it is regarded as an underrated and overexploited natural resource, must be reconsidered in an ecological rationality. The thought of wildlife being a mere economic resource seems to be outmoded. The principle of rational use must develop around an "enriched vision" of wildlife, likely to make use of all its potentialities, while securing its preservation in the long term. Reappraised in an order within which values are not only economic any more, wildlife can be part of a model for "sustainable" development for the environment. Thus, the fact that countries which work with the international community, enforce principles of action, which aim at finding a new balance between men and nature, contributing to the construction of a new ecologic order which acknowledges the intrinsic value of natural elements without abandoning a humanistic conception
Le, Viol Isabelle. "Dynamique et répartition de la diversité : contribution pour une meilleure intégration dans les actions de conservation : l'exemple des dépendances vertes autoroutières." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0004.
Full textIn the current context of biodiversity erosion, understanding processes controlling spatial and temporal distribution of diversity is a major challenge if we are to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic factors and propose efficient conservation policies. In this thesis, I focused on identifying mechanisms controlling different biodiversity components (populations and communities, taxonomic and functional diversity), using various tools to quantify biodiversity. The two aims were to: (1) improve our understanding of the relative impact of deterministic and stochastic processes in community assembly and (2) propose conservation strategies for two types of areas: protected areas (Iroise sea) and wider countryside (highway verges). My results show contrasted diversity patterns, depending whether the focus is on taxonomic or functional diversity (e. G. Specific richness vs. Species specialisation), or depending upon the taxonomic group (e. G. Plants vs. Spiders). Those results have direct implications in identifying underlying mechanisms but also in terms of conservation. I show that, while highway verges (ponds and embankment) can play a functional part in maintaining biodiversity, this part mainly depends upon management choices enhancing spatial biodiversity within those areas (e. G. Planting hedges). Finally, my results highlight the importance of taking into account the dynamic aspects of biodiversity to finetune management advices. In protected natural areas (Iroise sea), we have observed an impact of human activities on biodiversity (tourism, abandonment of farmlands) that can work against conservation objectives. However, we show that some management practices (concerted management of tourism, eradication of introduced species) can enhance the maintenance of protected species and ecosystems
Levarlet, François. "Les modèles éco-énergétiques à l'interface économie-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010060.
Full textOur thesis deals with ecological-economic modeling. It develops a typology in this field of research and suggets two classes of environmental-economic interface : "weak interface" and "strong interface". With this categories we are able to analyse two kinds of eco-energetic models : ecco model and odum's models. Our work takes specially care with odum's approach. We build an account model for the french case and insert our work in sustainable development field
Keith, Philippe. "Evolution des peuplements ichtyologiques de France et stratégies de conservation." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10092.
Full textAngelats, Robin. "L'action de l'administration forestière dans les Pyrénées-Orientales (1827-1914), de la protection des ressources forestières à la protection des richesses naturelles." Perpignan, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PERP0308.
Full textSarthou, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude systématique, biogéographique et agroécocénotique des Syrphidae (Insecta. Diptera) du Sud-Ouest de la France." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT021A.
Full textFontaine, Benoît. "La connaissance taxonomique des espèces rares : outil ou handicap pour la conservation de la biodiversité ?" Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0028.
Full textThe abundance of rare and small species is a characteristic of biodiversity, and these species are the least known. Moreover, ca. 1. 75 million species are known, but the global magnitude of biodiversity is probably over 10 million species, maybe many more. Last but not least, we are experiencing a major extinction crisis. Documenting biodiversity is thus a priority, if only to preserve it. Taxonomists are responsible for this documentation, as these are the ones who discover and describe species, but they suffer from a lack of manpower and infrastructure. Considering these facts (lack of knowledge on biodiversity, extinction crisis, taxonomic impediment), we examine the role taxonomists could play in conservation. The core of taxonomical work is double: discriminating species, and naming them. Discriminating species, before naming, gives data on species richness, rarity and size patterns, and could help the choice of conservation areas. When species are named, assessing endemism and threat status is possible, which also allows to orientate conservation actions. We illustrate these contributions to conservation with papers presenting results of terrestrial mollusc inventories in Gabon and French Polynesia. We then analyze the Fauna Europaea database, compiled by taxonomists, which shows that the indicators usually used to measure the state of biodiversity are missing most species and give a partial image of the situation. This thesis ends with an assessment of the interest and possibility of having a French scientific nomenclature for the molluscs of France, to facilitate conservation of poorly-known threatened species. Only taxonomists can deliver data on specific richness and patterns of endemism for the most numerous and least known species. Their contribution allows to take into account all biodiversity, and not only large vertebrates and flowering plants. In this framework, their role is crucial in conservation biology, together with population biologists, geneticists and ecologists