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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Consent'
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Hyams, Keith. "Consent." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424723.
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Luger, Ewa. "Consent reconsidered : reframing consent for ubiquitous computing systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675123.
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Futter, Dylan Brian. "Involuntary consent." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007846.
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In this dissertation I take exception with a widely held philosophical doctrine, according to which agents are only blameworthy for the bad actions they have chosen to bring about. My argument strategy is to present cases in which agents are blamed for involuntary actions that are not in any way connected to their culpable and voluntary choices. These failures correspond, I suggest, to occasions of culpable ignorance where agents have been negligent or careless. More specifically, I claim that violations of natural duties of respect and consideration, and certain acquired role-type duties, are blamed without any voluntary consent. If my examples are persuasive, then the point is reached where a normative principle of 'voluntary consent' does not in fact coincide with people's actual practices and 'considered judgements'. In the final sections of the dissertation, I argue against the plausibility of keeping the principle and revising our judgements.KMBT_363
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Alderson, Dorothea Priscilla. "Informed consent : problems of parental consent to paediatric cardiac surgery." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702485.
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Kelleher, Anne. "Consent and capability." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397301.
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Hodges, Jerome Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Consent and Concepts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129121.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 105-110).
This dissertation lays out the groundwork for building a theory of radical consent and autonomy. Chapter 1, "Framing Consent," argues for a context-sensitive account of the semantic content of consent claims, and presents an introductory model of consenting as a speech act. In particular, I argue for a contrastive model of consent claims, in which consent is given against a backdrop of relevant alternatives. More generally, I argue that the context-sensitivity of the sort guaranteed by this model -- viz. context-sensitivity of what is consented to in a consent claim --
is an ineluctable feature of such claims. This has far-reaching consequences, I claim, for the use of consent in both normative ethics and political philosophy. Chapter 2, "Conceptual Amelioration and Epistemic Responsibility," co-authored with Ekaterina Botchkina, looks at the question of conceptual amelioration more generally: when thinking about concepts,1 what is the proper role of value considerations? There we argue that, under a remarkably theory-neutral constraint, at least some conceptual interventions motivated by concerns of justice are acceptable. In particular, we suggest that particular accounts of amelioration offered or suggested by Mark Richard and Sally Haslanger are too restrictive in their metaphysical and semantical commitments to provide a general account of how amelioration is possible.
Instead, we suggest that the core aim of amelioration can be understood as preserving a sort of conceptual possibility, and that this preservation is precisely what is aimed at in scientific theories' development of concepts -- in the decision, for instance, to abandon the concept of [æther] while retaining (but refining) the concept of [atom]. As such, amelioration isn't as unusual -- or as troubling -- as it might at first blush appear. We use a tool suggested by Steve Yablo -- what we call the "Turning-Out Test" --
as a way to test for conceptual possibility, and thus epistemic responsibility. Chapter 3, "Performative Consent and Autonomy," returns to consent, and specifically to the role of consent in legal and quasi-legal contexts of sexual assault and battery. I argue there that the speech-act account suggested in Chapter 1 is justfied flied in such contexts on the ameliorationist grounds articulated in Chapter 2. I then extend these considerations to extra-legal contexts, and show that this account is compatible with radical feminist claims around sexual assault. In particular, I defend the possibility of an account of assault in which, at least sometimes, whether a sexual assault has occurred may depend upon a survivor's posterior assessment of the event.
by Jerome Hodges.
Ph. D. in Linguistics
Ph.D.inLinguistics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy
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Healey, Richard. "The power of consent." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13463/.
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In both everyday morality and law it is generally assumed that individuals are able to waive rights by giving consent. However, a detailed understanding of why consent has normative significance is often lacking. On a popular view about rights, rights are grounded in the interests of agents. In this thesis I consider whether we can also appeal to the interests of agents in order to explain the normative significance of consent. Ultimately, I argue that we can. The central claim of the thesis is that consent has normative significance because it provides a means through which agents can interact whilst relating to one another in a morally decent and valuable way, by recognising one another as bearers of interests worthy of protection. Specifically, by relying on consent to manage their interactions, agents recognise one another as having significant interests in having control over the central aspects of their own lives. After addressing some preliminaries in Chapter 1, in Chapters 2 and 3 I consider and reject a number of interest-based theories of consent. In Chapter 4 I articulate a relational version of the interest theory of rights, according to which rights establish a normative framework that allows agents to recognise that they accord one another's interests the appropriate role within their practical deliberations. In Chapter 5 I argue for the relational theory of consent. According to the relational theory, consent allows agents to interact in valuable ways whilst recognising one another as having legitimate control over the spheres or domains protected by their rights. In Chapter 6 I show how this theory can be relied upon to provide useful insights into debates regarding the role that can be played by sexual consent in a world marked by entrenched gender injustice.
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Gerver, Mollie. "Refugee repatriation and consent." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3374/.
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Over the past decade, NGOs and government agencies have helped millions of refugees repatriate to their countries of origin, providing them free flights, travel documentation, and modest stipends. This thesis considers when such repatriation assistance is morally permissible. Drawing on original data from East Africa, I distinguish between six sets of cases, which require six distinct policies. In the first set, refugees choose to return because they are unjustly detained by the government. In such cases, NGOs should avoid helping with return if their actions causally contribute to the government’s detention policy. In the second set of cases, refugees are not detained, but return to a country they know little about. In such cases, both NGOs and government agencies have duties to inform refugees of the risks of returning. If they fail to inform refugees of the risks, they are engaging in a form of wrongful immigration control. In the third set of cases, refugees regret returning and, based on this, NGOs and government agencies can predict that future refugees will likely also regret returning. I develop a novel theory of when future regret is a reason to deny a service, and apply this theory to the case of repatriation. In a fourth set of cases, refugees are paid a great deal of money to repatriate, and would not have returned had they not been paid to leave. I argue that paying refugees to repatriate is only permissible when conditions are safe in countries of origin. In a fifth set of cases, parents repatriate to high-risk countries with their children. I argue that parents, in general, do not have a right to live in a country unsafe for their children, and NGOs and government agencies should refuse to help with such returns. In a final set of cases, refugees of a minority ethnicity are provided generous assistance to leave, while refugees of the majority ethnicity are not. I argue that such discriminatory assistance is permissible only when third parties remain unharmed.
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Morris, Patrick S. "Alcoholism and marital consent." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/NQ45188.pdf.
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Kidder, Christopher O. "The Young Lady's Consent." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/628.
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This play is a translation and adaptation of a Spanish play originally written in 1806 by Leandro Fernández de Moratín, El sí de las niñas. Because that play was not available to English-speaking actors, I translated the work directly from the original Spanish. The resulting manuscript was not the finished product of this play, however. Through a series of workshops with actors trained in a physical method of theatre I devised in order to modernize classic works to a more modern audience's tastes, the script morphed and grew into the play that follows.
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Baker, Eileen F. "Autonomy and Informed Consent." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1491391673593916.
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Carr, Kelly Marie. "The Impact of Verbal Explanation and Modified Consent Materials on Orthodontic Informed Consent." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1298904481.
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Imai, Shin, and Sally Kang. "Financial Risk and Indigenous Consent." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119054.
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In this article, the authors describe how the International Financial Corporation of the World Bank, and the 77 global financial institutions that have signed on to the Equator Principles, have come to the conclusion that social conflict with indigenous communities needs to be resolved through the application of free, prior, informed and consent. While the requirement to obtain consent of an indigenous people would appear to make it more difficult for extractive industry projects to proceed, theories of dispute resolution developed by the Harvard Negotiation Project suggest that where consent is obtained, it is more likely thatc onflicts will be reduced.
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Gibb, Winna. "Informed consent : a liberal perspective." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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Fulkerson, Anita. "Bound by consent: concepts of consent within the leather and bondage, domination, sadomasochism (BDSM) communities." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3717.
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This study is a qualitative examination of the definitions, beliefs, practices and the importance of consent within the Leather and Bondage, Domination, Sadomasochism (BDSM) communities using the experiences of those who identify as members of those communities. Through interviews with fifteen self-identified practitioners of BDSM/Leather, the research attempts to define consent, identify the importance of consent, and how consent is practiced within those lifestyles. It also seeks to address some of the commonly held misconceptions concerning the BDSM and Leather communities held by those outside the communities. The research attempts to establish how members of the communities define and practice consent in both their sexual and everyday lives.
The standard definition of consent given was an "informed agreement between persons to act in an activity which is mutually beneficial for everybody involved." (I1) Additional elements to the basic definition included the necessity of a sound mind (I2 & I3), that the agreement is made willingly, free from coercion and outside influence - either from another person or from mind altering substances (I1,I2, I3, I6, I14), and that consent must be given by both the dominant and submissive partners. Also, consent for the Leather and BDSM practitioners interviewed included an understanding by all parties about what was expected, what the parties were and were not willing to do during the course of the interaction (the scene), and where consent stopped. At its most basic level the idea of consent was stated as "the ability to say yes." (I13)Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Liberal Studies
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Crane, Phoenix R. "The POWER of Consent: An Evaluation of Peer-Based Consent Programming in Sexual Assault Prevention." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1493430083169149.
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Gibson, Sara L. "Can Enthusiastic Consent Be Sexy? The Influence of Consent Type on Perceived Enjoyment and Sexiness of Sexual Encounters Related to Sexual Scripts and Consent Attitudes." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10245312.
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Recent efforts to improve sexual assault issues within American universities are being pursued diligently. Many of these efforts include changes to college campus policies regarding sexual consent, often by mandating affirmative consent. The current study investigated perceptions of different types of sexual consent related to sexual script endorsement and consent attitudes in order to better assess how receptive college students may be to affirmative consent standards.
An online survey included four vignettes that were constructed to depict processes of sexual consent that differed in the enthusiasm with which the female character indicated her consent. Perceptions of the vignettes were evaluated regarding sexiness of the content and each character’s enjoyment and internal consent. Further items assessed comparative evaluations of the vignettes. The Sexual Script Scale, External Consent Scale, and Sexual Consent Scale-Revised were also included in the survey. We expected that enthusiastic consent processes would be evaluated more positively than the unenthusiastic ones. We also predicted these evaluations would be significantly related to endorsement of traditional sexual scripts, external consent behaviors, and consent attitudes.
Full to partial support was found for each of our hypotheses, suggesting that college students are indeed receptive to affirmative consent regarding perceived enjoyment and sexiness when depicted as enthusiastically given.
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Snapp, Ian J. "A Theory of Consent in Sexual Relations." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1461242611.
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Shiffrin, Seana. "Consent and the morality of procreation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385640.
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Scott, John. "Informed consent and respect for autonomy." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2007. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/3561/.
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In this thesis I examine the medical concept of informed consent and the philosophical concept of autonomy in conjunction with the relationship between them. This examination is complicated because autonomy can refer to decisions or persons. Further autonomy may have instrumental or intrinsic value. These differences mean autonomy may be respected in different ways. This examination is further complicated because whilst a vast wealth of medical literature exists on informed consent and mentions autonomy, very little of this literature does more than mention autonomy. As a result of my examination I argue for the following. Firstly I argue the form of autonomy underlying informed consent should be personal autonomy and to respect autonomy means accepting autonomous decisions. Secondly I show in certain contexts a surrogate decision maker cannot make a decision on behalf of an incompetent patient that would be generally agreed to be in his best interests. I will argue in such contexts a patient’s decision should always be accepted as the concept of competence becomes detached from the concept of informed consent. Thirdly I show a patient may make an autonomous decision based only on understanding the purpose of the procedure he is consenting to. I will argue it follows a patient should not be required to understand details of the nature of the procedure he is consenting to for his consent to be accepted. Fourthly I argue an autonomous decision must be one an agent identifies with and has some persistence. I will show these conditions are satisfied by an autonomous agent’s absence of restlessness to change his decision Lastly I argue informed consent decisions should be linked to a patient’s ability to understand the risk involved in his decision and not directly linked to the degree of risk involved in his decision.
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Bullock, Emma Cecelia. "Informed consent and justified hard paternalism." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3400/.
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According to the doctrine of informed consent medical procedures are morally permissible when a patient has consented to the treatment. Problematically it is possible for a patient to consent to or refuse treatment which consequently leads to a decline in her best interests. Standardly, such conflicts are resolved by prioritising the doctrine of informed consent above the requirement that the medical practitioner acts in accordance with the duty of care. This means that patient free choice is respected regardless as to whether her choice leads to a decline in her best interests, since to disrespect patient choice would be an instance of ‘unwarranted’ paternalism. This thesis defends the claim that in cases where patient consent comes into conflict with her best interests, paternalistic interference is in fact justified. The ambition of the thesis is thus twofold: in the first place I argue that the doctrine of informed consent cannot be used as an ethical guarantor for medical decision making. Secondly I will conclude that hard paternalism is justified in medical practice, thereby calling for a reversal of the prioritisation of informed consent procedures over the medical practitioner’s duty of care.
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Robertson, Adam. "Policing by consent : some practitioner perceptions." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2016. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/6991/.
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The purpose of this work is to examine the concept or notion of policing by consent and it is important to note, at the outset, that the vast majority of the literature produced on the subject, both current and past, has concentrated on policing by consent from many different viewpoints with one quite startling omission. There does not appear to be any academic study based on the views and perceptions of it [consent] that the practitioners, the police themselves, have. In order to correct this imbalance the study therefore set out, by means of a series of semi-structured interviews, to obtain the views and perceptions of both serving and retired officers of a principle, certainly of policing in England and Wales, which is at the very core of their professional lives. Prior to the interviews, which took place between November 2007 and December 2008, the officers were arranged into four cohorts, each cohort consisting of ten officers, and within each cohort, the officers range across the continuum of rank, ethnicity, gender and length of service. This provided a series of wide ranging views, but with some important common themes, across the continuum of policing. It is important to note however, that in a study as limited as this, it could never be said that the views expressed represent those of the police service in general, nevertheless, the study does represent the views of a number of officers, and, more importantly adds to the body of knowledge on the subject. Following the interviews, which were digitally recorded and later transcribed, analysis, which was based on an amalgam of analytical methods, took place. The psychological aspects were dealt with by reference to both axiomatic knowledge and the actions and motives of subjects who are placed in an interview situation The findings, which have been arranged into a series of themes based upon various models of what has been termed the ‘unofficial’ culture of the police which often appears to be at variance with the accepted norms and values of policing. These ‘official’ values are driven by legislation, a series of national policies and national policing initiatives, all of which, in turn, are bound by the financial constraints of a fixed annual budget composed in part of a local policing precept set by the police and crime commissioners in consultation with Chief Officers. The remainder of the budget is funded by central government following the annual inspection of forces by Her Majesties Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC). The findings also reveal the emergence of a strong sense of duty which, in turn, indicates, that as professional police officers, they do indeed both recognise and endeavour to practice policing with that most important element of consent. To their credit they have also acknowledged the occasions when through either their own actions or because of the constraints placed upon them by the legislation they have lost that vital element of consent and have reflected upon it and the impact that it has had upon their future practices. The work, in its entirety, provides a valuable insight into the views of both serving and retired officers, particularly with regards to the effects that police culture have had, either knowingly, unknowingly or unwittingly upon their actions. It has also provided a valuable contribution to the extensive body of literature on policing in England and Wales.
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Ho, Khanh. "Matrimonial consent in a Vietnamese marriage." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Badenoch-Jones, Emma K. "Consent for third molar tooth extractions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/123066/1/Emma_Badenoch-Jones_Thesis.pdf.
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This project is an important contribution to the field of medico-legal practice in surgery. The thesis provides perspectives in deficient areas of objective evidence on consent for third molar tooth extractions through defined patient and judicial disclosures and understanding. The outcome of the project is an evidence-based consent form for third molar tooth extractions that will enhance the standard of patient information disclosure for this procedure by general dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The methodological process adopted is also one that can be replicated in other medical fields to yield objective evidence to guide the process of consent for any medical procedure.
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Yoshida, Akiko. "Obtaining subjects' consent to publish identifying personal information: current practices and identifying potential issues." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189359.
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Walker, Nancy L. Hamilton. "The relationship between patient perceptions of informed consent and recall of information received during the informed consent process." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865959.
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Informed consent is a requirement by law. Informed consent is a two part process: giving the patient sufficient information so that an educated choice can be made and obtaining assent in writing (Coy, 1989; Fiesta 1991; Sweeney, 1991;). The purpose of this study is to determine the ability to recall information and the perception of patients about the process of receiving information after signing a consent to participate in a large research trial. Patients signing consents for participation in the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial were asked to complete the surveys. Thirty three patients were asked to complete the questionnaires. Twenty - four (72%) of the respondents returned the completed questionnaires. Confidentiality will be maintained since no names or identifying markers will be used.A modified Patient Recall Survey (Casselith, Zupkis, Sutton - Smith, & March, 1980) and a modified Consent Form Survey (Casselith et al, 1980) were used. The significance of the study is that the results will assist in improving the type of information given to patients and how that information is provided. By increasing patients awareness about the need for and rights of giving informed consent patients will be more knowledgeable health care consumers. Imogene King(1981) provides the theoretical framework for this study using the concept of perceptions as the basis.The first research question illustrated that the majority of the respondents were able to recall at least three risks or complications of participation in the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial. The second research question revealed eighty - seven percent of the patients agreed that informed consents are necessary. However, 27.8 % of the respondents perceived the informed consent as a legal document to protect the physician rights, while only 19.6 % felt that the consent represented a legal document to protect patient rights. Eighty three percent of the respondents understood that a consent did not have to be signed. However, responses to a second question revealed only 21.3 % understood that the informed consent was a chance to refuse or change treatment. Results to research question 3 illustrated that patients felt that informed consents are necessary. Finally, 79.2 % of patients reported that nurses provided the majority of informed consent information. When patients are able to understand and participate in health care decisions, patients will feel more control in determining outcomes.School of Nursing
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Bourne, Katie. "Determining capacity to consent in people with learning disabilities." Thesis, n.p, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Alpay, Erdem. "Patient Privacy And Consent Management In Ehealth." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614525/index.pdf.
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Health information of patients are preserved either in Electronic Health Records (EHR) repositories which are generally managed in national level or in local hospital systems. However, the real owners of the data are always the patients themselves, without depending where or by whom the data is preserved. Patients should have the rights to permit or deny the access of modification of their information to whoever they want. Here comes the concept of Consent. Consent means provision of approval or agreement, after thoughtful consideration. Decisions of patients about sharing their information are collected and preserved in consent documents. These consent documents can be stored in different formats. The eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) defines the policy language for this purpose. Also there is another language defined by XACML called Request/Response Language for creating request to access information and response to reply requests. Even though XACML is the most appropriate standard for conserving consent documents, it has some weak points when used in practical systems. In the first part of this study, a new model based on XACML is designed. This model is easily convertable to XACML and vice versa. Then a Consent Management tool is designed using the new model. This tool has two parts, Basic Consent Editor and Consent Manager. Basic Consent Editor is aiming to provide a practical user interface for creating and managing consent documents. Consent Manager on the other hand plays a decision mechanism role which handle requests and create decision responses according to already created consent documents. In this study, three different tools are implemented based on the Consent Management tool, each for different purposes on different projects. Throughout these implementations, usability and possible extensibility of Consent Management tool is analysed.
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Sangal, Nira. "The effects of incest on matrimonial consent." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6857.
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McGlade, Donal Gavin. "Presumed consent and attitude towards organ donation." Thesis, Ulster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588589.
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This thesis explores the opinions and attitudes of health care (pre-registered nurses, post-registered nurses and medical students) and non-health related students (computing students) to determine the factors that influence their support of the organ donation and transplantation system and the factors that influence their willingness to register consent as an eye (cornea) donor. The research study was conducted in two separate but related stages. The use of a quantitative questionnaire was employed to investigate the opinions and attitudes of pre-registered nurses towards organ donation and to determine whether any regional variation exists (n = 667); to determine whether the opinions and attitudes of pre- registered nurses (n = 667) differ among post-registered nurses (n= 62), medical students (n = 55) and computing students (n = 102); and to determine whether the opinions and attitudes of pre-registered nurses change with further education on organ donation (n = 100). Generally speaking, the findings demonstrate that opinions and attitudes differ depending upon the region sampled, the student's background and their level of exposure to further education. The second stage comprised of a qualitative questionnaire that identified commonly held beliefs about the advantages and disadvantages, those people who would approve and disapprove, and motivating factors and barriers that relate to registering consent as an eye (cornea) donor among pre-registered nurses based in Northern Ireland (n = 38). A theory of planned behaviour framework guided the investigation into the identification of factors that influence registering consent to donate eyes (cornea) among pre-registered nurses based in Northern Ireland (n = 92). The results provide support for the theory of planned behaviour and demonstrate that attitude was the strongest predictor of intention to register consent, with the predictive ability of subjective norm and perceived behavioural control varying depending upon the TPB model used. The research study presents six findings overall and demonstrates the complex issues that exist with regard to the reasons for registering as an organ-tissue donor and the reasons why people are only willing to donate specific body parts and not others. These findings will help in the development of effective future interventions that are designed to change and guide performance of the behaviour and ultimately increase participation in organ donation by encouraging competent decision making.
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Kirrane, Sabrina, Garcia Javier David Fernandez, Wouter Dullaert, Uros Milosevic, Axel Polleres, Piero A. Bonatti, Rigo Wenning, Olha Drozd, and Philip Raschke. "A Scalable Consent, Transparency and Compliance Architecture." Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6483/1/ESWC2018.pdf.
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In this demo we present the SPECIAL consent, transparency and compliance system. The objective of the system is to afford data subjects more control over personal data processing and sharing, while at the same time enabling data controllers and processors to comply with consent and transparency obligations mandated by the European General Data Protection Regulation. A short promotional video can be found at https://purl.com/specialprivacy/demos/ESWC2018.
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Ahmed, Abdul-Kareem H. "SIGN HERE : informed consent in personalized medicine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83832.
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Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2013.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 27-30).
The next era of medicine will be one of personalization, scientists and physicians promise. Personalized medicine is a refined clinical approach in which clinicians will utilize your genomic information to help you prevent disease, and tailor targeted therapies for you when you fall ill. This is the future science has slowly been approaching. However, the human genome is not enough, not unless we can decipher its language. One ambitious study to this effect is the Personal Genome Project, led by Dr. George Church at Harvard Medical School. This project will eventually recruit 100,000 volunteers to donate their genomes and a full body of information concerning their biological health. With this data, Church hopes others can cross-analyze these profiles and better determine the role in disease of each gene of the human genome. However, the Personal Genome Project is as much a study in the ethical, legal and social aspects of genomic studies as it is an effort toward personalized medicine. Church envisions a future where privacy cannot be guaranteed. Society is becoming more open and technology is more invasive than ever. Considering this, Church has informed his participants that their information will likely not remain anonymous. With their fully informed consent, he has in turn made all this data public, to promote open science. This ethical approach raises several important questions about expansive genomic studies. The scientific community will have to decide on an approach that will eventually deliver personalized medicine. On one end of the spectrum, there is Church's open approach, and the other, more security, more firewalls and more legislation. In order for personalized medicine to become a reality, society will have to prepare itself for our ever-changing ethical, technological and scientific landscape.
by Abdul-Kareem H. Ahmed.
S.M.in Science Writing
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Feeney, Thomas P. "Effects of drug dependence on matrimonial consent." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Aveyard, H. "Does informed consent theory inform nursing practice? : an exploration of the application of informed consent prior to nursing care procedures." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/does-informed-consent-theory-inform-nursing-practice--an-exploration-of-the-application-of-informed-consent-prior-to-nursing-care-procedures(39554aa7-cfb4-41e6-81bd-a522ccf1d851).html.
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Lünsmann, Jesper [Verfasser]. "Unilateraler "Consent" im System der Streitbeilegung nach der ICSID Konvention : "Consent" als Voraussetzung der "jurisdiction of the Centre" / Jesper Lünsmann." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://d-nb.info/116048337X/34.
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Slaten, Kevin. "The decline of U.S. hegemony regaining international consent /." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/31784.
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Teo, Patrick. "Fire Engineering Design Problems at Building Consent Stage." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8354.
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This project describes many aspects of the submission and review of fire engineering design reports necessary to comply with the Building Act 1991 and New Zealand Building Code 1992 at the building consent application stage. The current common problems in fire engineering are highlighted in this discussion to bring awareness to fire safety designers.
The purposes are to stimulate, provoke and challenge people who are committed to the fire and safety engineering of today so that improvement can be made in their submittal of the fire and egress reports for building consent application.
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Maclean, Alasdair Rhuairidh. "Consent to medical treatment and the competent adult." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5448/.
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In this thesis I analyse the concept of consent to medical treatment. I explore its ethical basis in autonomy and examine how other principles and ethical approaches might interact with the rules derived from autonomy. I then situate the relevant ethical obligations within the context f the healthcare professional-patient relationship which subsequently allows me to develop a textured model of consent. The model is predicated on the theory that consent is a secondary right, derivative on the underlying right which it controls. By giving or withholding consent, the autonomous person determines who may justifiably infringe the primary right. Importantly, however, the context of the professional-patent relationship highlights the relevance of consent, not just as permission, but also as agreement. I subsequently utilise the model of consent to analyse the current law, which is found to be deficient. I explore the conceptual difficulties of the split regulation between the torts of battery and negligence. I examine the current standard of disclosure and conclude that while it seems to be moving towards more autonomy respecting prudent patient standard, the courts may still be affording expert witnesses too much say in determining which risks should be disclosed. Most importantly I expose the thin and unsatisfactory conception of autonomy that appears to ground the current legal approach. Some of the common law’s deficiencies lie in tort law’s focus on the outcome rather than the process of the interaction between healthcare professional and the patient. There are three responses to these deficiencies. The common law could be allowed to continue its piecemeal development. The deficiencies of the common law could be patched up by developing professional regulation, or new legislation could be drafted to deal specifically with consent to medical treatment. If there is a genuine commitment to patient autonomy and patient centred care then I submit that legislation is justified.
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Moloi, Gaotswake Patience. "Informed consent : communication and miscommunication in clinical trials." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20157.
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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Informed Consent (IC) has been proposed as the optimal method for ensuring the ethical entry of patients into clinical trials. IC is a vital part of the research process and as such entails more than obtaining a signature on a form. The IC must be given freely, without coercion, and must be based on a clear understanding of what participation involves. Aim The overall aim of this study was to attain an understanding of participants' knowledge regarding informed consent when participating in a research project. Methods The study was conducted at two public hospitals in a city in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The quantitative study used descriptive survey design. A self administered questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. Results The sample size consisted of 170 women with an average of 25.9 years. The majority had completed secondary level education. More than half of the participants did not have knowledge of the purpose of the original study. The majority of participants did not have knowledge of their responsibilities. Forty-two percent gave uninformative responses and 26% indicated they did not know their responsibilities. None of the participants understood the concept of randomization. The majority (85.9%) of participants indicated that information provided on the IC forms was sufficient for them to decide to participate. Conclusion Despite extensive efforts to ensure that participants understood their participation in the original studies, this study found poor recall of vital information for IC. A signed informed consent does not guarantee that participants understand information given. Recommendations The existing methods of communicating and obtaining of an informed consent seem to be insufficient for participants to make an informed decision. A new approach with more interactive features such as combination of audio-visual techniques might increase the possibilities of the understanding.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond Ingeligte toestemming (IT) is voorgestel as die optimale metode om die etiese toelating van die pasiënte vir kliniese toetse te verseker. IT is 'n belangrike deel van die navorsingsproses en as sodanig behels dit meer as die verkryging van 'n handtekening op 'n vorm. Die IT moet vrylik gegee word, sonder dwang en moet gebaseer wees op 'n duidelike begrip van wat die deelname behels. Doel Die algemene doel van hierdie studie is om 'n begrip van die deelnemers se kennis met betrekking tot ingeligte toestemming te bepaal, wanneer hulle deelneem aan 'n navorsingsprojek. Metodes Die studie is uitgevoer by twee openbare hospitale in ’n stad in die Oos-Kaap in Suid-Afrika. Die navorsingsontwerp is beskrywend van aard en ’n kwantitatiewe benadering is toegepas. ‘n Self-geadministreerde vraelys is as 'n instrument gebruik om data in te samel. Resultate Die steekproefgrootte het bestaan uit 170 vroue met 'n gemiddelde ouderdom van 25.9 jaar. Die meerderheid van die vroue het opleiding tot op sekondêre vlak. Meer as die helfte van die deelnemers het geen kennis van die doel van die oorspronklike studie gehad nie. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers het ook nie kennis van hul verantwoordelikhede gehad nie. Twee-en-veertig persent het nie toepaslike antwoorde gegee nie en 26% het aangedui dat hulle nie weet wat hul verantwoordelikhede in die studie is nie. Nie een van die deelnemers het die konsep van verewekansiging verstaan nie. Die meerderheid (85.9%) van die deelnemers het aangedui dat die inligting wat deur die IT verskaf word voldoende was om te besluit of hulle aan die studie wou deelneem. Gevolgtrekking Ten spyte van uitgebreide pogings om te verseker dat deelnemers hulle deelname verstaan het in die oorspronklike toetsing, het hierdie studie die swak herroeping van belangrike inligting aangaande IT bewys. ‘n Ondertekende ingeligte toestemming gee geen waarborg dat die deelnemers die inligting waarvoor toestemming geteken is, verstaan nie. Aanbevelings Die bestaande metodes van die kommunikasie en verkryging van ingeligte toestemming blyk onvoldoende te wees om deelnemers ingeligte besluite te laat neem. ‘n Nuwe benadering met meer interaktiewe eienskappe soos ’n kombinasie van oudio-visuele tegnieke mag die moontlikhede om te verstaan, meer duidelik maak.
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McNair, Angus Gregor Keith. "Information and informed consent in oesophagogastric cancer surgery." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685417.
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Oesophagogastric cancer represents a major healthcare burden in the UK. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and often represents the only chance of long-term survival. However, treatment is associated with major morbidity and mortality and a potentially irreversible deterioration in quality of life. Authorising surgery is therefore an enormous decision for patients to make, often when anxious and unwell. The aim of this thesis was to explore the provision of, and need for, information before oesophagogastric cancer surgery. A validated questionnaire surveyed patients' views of information importance, including questions about the cancer and prognosis, tests, treatments, and impact on physical and psychosocial health. Audio-recorded out-patient consultations, followed by semi-structured interviews, supplemented questionnaire data and explored information provision and patients' information preferences using thematic analysis. Patients' understanding of visual information was assessed through interviews in which patients were asked to interpret series of graphs depicting hypothetical multidimensional quality of life data. A total of 136 of 226 (60.2%) invited patients completed the questionnaire. Patients rated most information highly but, in particular, potentially sensitive information (such as survival), complex information (such as the rationale behind treatment recommendations) and quality of life. 18 (17 male) patients underwent audio-recorded consultations and interviews. Consultations were found to involve uniform, methodical, surgeon-centric discussions of the process of surgery and short-term outcomes, and inconsistent, typically patient led discussions of quality of life issues. Interviews highlighted patients' desire for information about treatment eligibility, the process of surgery itself, survival and quality of life. 132 of 194 (68%) invited patients were interviewed to assess understanding of visual information. The majority understood simple (87%) and complex (81 %) multidimensional data. Recommended. information exchange between surgeons and patients selected for oesophagogastric cancer surgery includes communication of sensitive and complex concepts as well as information regarding the process of surgery. This research will inform the development of an intervention to improve information provision before cancer surgery.
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Castagnino, Alexandra Rose. "Donor family consent and the behavioural perspective model." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10940/.
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Organ transplantation is one of the greatest medical innovations of the 20th century, providing individuals facing death a hope of survival. In the context of the UK this life saving procedure is totally dependent on the altruism of the potential donor’s family. Currently demand for transplantable organs outstrips supply, resulting in 1000 individuals dying each year. Donor family refusal has been consistently identified as the greatest obstacle preventing an improvement in donation rates. The need for new theory and theory driven methods in understanding donation consent has been highlighted in the existent literature. To date there is a notable absence of a theoretical framework that allows for both individual and external level factors to be analysed together, thus providing a truly holistic depiction of this complex human behaviour. This thesis seeks to fill this notable gap by exploring donor family consent from a radical behaviourist perspective via the application of the Behavioural Perspective Model (BPM). Specifically this thesis documents a dual-phase sequential research strategy that seeks to answer three overarching research questions: (1) Can the decision to consent be understood as an operant process? (2) What patterns of reinforcement increase the likelihood of consent? (3) Can donor family consent be stimulated via behavioural intervention? The first empirical phase utilises a case study approach in the exploration of donor family consent, drawing upon multiple sources of evidence (n = 55). The second empirical phase builds upon the findings of the first by utilising a novel simulated laboratory experiment methodology to examine how organ donation consent can be stimulated in different hypothetical scenarios based upon the eight contingency categories of the BPM framework (n= 50). The results of the employed empirical strategy demonstrate the usefulness of the BPM as an interpretative device in this important health context and thus extend its applicability beyond the traditional consumer behaviour domain. Four key findings have resulted from the two empirical phases of this thesis: (1) the role and importance of positive learning history in influencing consent (2) the open behaviour setting preference of donation decision makers (3) the success of informational reinforcement in stimulating consent and (4) the role of pleasure in the consent process. This thesis complements existing organ donation knowledge by adopting a radical behavioural perspective. In addition to making a unique contribution to existing knowledge by offering a new theoretical perspective to this context, the findings of this thesis offer implications for social marketers on the ways in which consent may be stimulated.
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Elias, Olufemi Adekunle. "The consent of states and customary international law." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10061838/.
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This dissertation is an examination of the role of consent in the process by which rights and obligations are created under customary international law. Two related issues are examined. One is the role of consent in the creation of customary law generally, and the other is the question whether the consent of a State or a group of States to a stipulation of customary international law is a condition of the applicability of that law to those States. Part One examines the relationship between the notions of consent, state practice and opinio juris. Chapter I examines the nature of the law governing the creation of customary law. Chapter II compares opinio juris with consent. In Part Two, Chapter III sets up a framework for the enquiry, namely, a spectrum of views expressed about the role of consent. Chapters IV and V then examine the decisions of tribunals and the practice of States to see which of the points on the spectrum corresponds most closely to those decisions and practice. Chapter VI compares general and nongeneral custom as far it relates to the role of consent. Chapter VII examines the position of newly independent States in relation to customary law established before they achieve statehood, and is concerned more with evidence than with general considerations. Part Three deals with the main objections to, and the possible advantages of, the requirement of consent in the contemporary customary law process. It will be suggested that consent does, and should, play an essential part in the customary law process.
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Li, Zhanjiang Joseph. "The traditional Chinese parents' role and matrimonial consent." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Symons, Tanya Jane. "Trial Consent Models in a Learning Healthcare System." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/30058.
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Background: Embedding trials into the health system requires risk-based approaches to their conduct. This includes streamlined ways to obtain consent when patients participate in trials. Risk-based approaches to consent can improve trial efficiency, but it is unclear whether the models used internationally can be adopted in Australia.
Objectives: This thesis aims to contribute to evidence on risk-based consent to support the embedding of trials in the health system and to contribute to the implementation of risk-based consent models through the development of evidence-based guidelines.
Method: A literature review and analysis of regulatory frameworks was conducted to clarify international frameworks for the use of risk-based consent in a learning healthcare system context, and to confirm patient perspectives on their use. Studies were conducted to quantify the length and complexity of PICFs in Australia and to gather consumer perspectives on a novel intervention to simplify consent documents, known as integrated consent.
Findings: Several factors support the embedding of trials and risk-based consent, including supportive governance frameworks and greater engagement of clinicians, who are the linchpin for increased trial activity. A range of consent models are feasible in Australia, but further work is required before they can be fully implemented.
Conclusion: Waiver of consent and verbal consent are feasible, but requires explicit clarification in the National Statement that they can be used for trials. Although international evidence suggests patient support for these models, Australian research would facilitate implementation. Integrated consent, which provides participant information in layers, is supported by patients and is a promising intervention to improve written trial consent. Privacy law may also support a no-consent model for some trials that are considered quality improvement research.
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Karegar, Farzaneh. "Towards Improving Transparency, Intervenability, and Consent in HCI." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66109.
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Transparency of personal data processing is enforced by most Western privacy laws, including the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which will be effective from May 2018. The GDPR specifies that personal data shall be processed lawfully, fairly, and in a transparent manner. It strengthens people's rights for both ex-ante and ex-post transparency and intervenability. Equally important is the strict legal requirements for informed consent established by the GDPR. On the other hand, the legal privacy principles have Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) implications. People should comprehend the principles, be aware of when the principles may be used, and be able to use them. Transparent information about personal data processing should be concise, intelligible, and provided in an easily accessible form, pursuant to the GDPR. Nonetheless, the answer to the question about how HCI implications can be addressed depends on the attempts to decrease the gap between legal and user-centric transparency, intervenability, and consent. Enhancing individuals' control in a usable way helps people to be aware of the flow of their personal information, control their data, make informed decisions, and finally preserve their privacy. The objective of this thesis is to propose usable tools and solutions, to enhance people's control and enforce legal privacy principles, especially transparency, intervenability, and informed consent. To achieve the goal of the thesis, different ways to improve ex-ante transparency and informed consent are investigated by designing and testing new solutions to make effective consent forms. Moreover, ex-post transparency and intervenability are improved by designing a transparency enhancing tool and investigating users' perceptions of data portability and transparency in the tool. The results of this thesis contribute to the body of knowledge by mapping legal privacy principles to HCI solutions, unveiling HCI problems and answers when aiming for legal compliance, and proposing effective designs to obtain informed consent.The new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) strengthens people’s rights for transparency, intervenability, and consent. The legal privacy principles have Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) implications. Besides aiming for legal compliance, it is of paramount importance to investigate how to provide individuals with usable and user-centric transparency, intervenability, and consent. The objective of this thesis is to propose usable tools and solutions, to enhance people's control and enforce legal privacy principles, especially transparency, intervenability, and informed consent. To achieve the goal of the thesis, different ways to improve ex-ante transparency and informed consent are investigated by designing and testing new solutions to make effective consent forms. Moreover, ex-post transparency and intervenability are improved by designing a transparency enhancing tool and investigating users' perceptions of data portability and transparency in the tool. The results of this thesis contribute to the body of knowledge by mapping legal privacy principles to HCI solutions, unveiling HCI problems and answers when aiming for legal compliance, and proposing effective designs to obtain informed consent.
The 3. article was in manuscript form at the time of the licentiate defense: Karegar, F. / User Evaluations of an App Interface for Cloud-based Identity Management / / Manuskript (preprint)
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Kettle, Nancy M. "Informed Consent: Its Origin, Purpose, Problems, and Limits." Scholar Commons, 2002. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1523.
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The doctrine of informed consent, defined as respect for autonomy, is the tool used to govern the relationship between physicians and patients. Its framework relies on rights and duties that mark these relationships. The main purpose of informed consent is to promote human rights and dignity. Some researchers claim that informed consent has successfully replaced patients' historical predispositions to accept physicians' advice without much explicit resistance.
Although the doctrine of informed consent promotes ideals worth pursuing, a successful implementation of these ideals in practice has yet to occur. What has happened in practice is that attorneys, physicians, and hospital administrators often use consent forms mainly to protect physicians and medical facilities from liability. Consequently, ethicists, legal theorists, and physicians need to do much more to explain how human rights and human dignity relate to the practice of medicine and how the professionals can promote them in practice. This is especially important because patients' vulnerability has increased just as the complexity and power of medical science and technology have increased. Certain health care practices can shed light on the difficulties of implementing the doctrine of informed consent and explain why it is insufficient to protect patients' rights and dignity.
Defining a normal biological event as a disease, and routinely prescribing hormone drug therapy to menopausal women for all health conditions related to menopause, does not meet the standards of free informed consent. Clinicians provide insufficient disclosure about risks related to long-term use of hormone therapies and about the absence of solid evidence to support their bias toward hormone therapies as a treatment of choice for menopause related health conditions. The contributing problem is women's failure to act as autonomous agents because they either choose not to take an active part in their own therapy or because they fear to question physicians' medical authority. To insure that patients' autonomy and free choice are a part of every physician-patient interaction, physicians and patients need actively to promote them as values that are absolutely indispensable in physicians' offices, clinics, and hospitals.
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Cagwin, Kayla. "Consent (sub)Culture: The Experiences of the BDSM Community." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1543261100042001.
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Pallo, Alyssa M. "DEFINING SEXUAL CONSENT: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF RESPONSES." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1544559571227034.
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Morin, Sophie. "La place des droits du patient à l'intérieur de la conception actuelle de l'obligation de renseigner en matière médicale /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30319.
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This thesis deals with the concept of the medical duty to inform focusing on the rights of the patient. It emerges that the notions governing medical responsibility do not adequately address the question of the protection and application of the rights of the patient. Existing conceptions of the notions of dereliction, causality and damage are analysed in order to point out the many inadequacies with the rights of the patient, source of the obligation to inform. Particular emphasis is given to the situation in Quebec and to the eventual place that could be occupied by conception of the duty to inform that is more sensitive to the situation and rights of the patient.
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Yunusova, Julia. "" Menar man nej, då får man fan säga nej..." : Män och kvinnors uppfattningar om sexuellt samtycke och hur samtycke utövas i praktiken." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96427.
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The new law of consent in Sweden came into force in 2018 and the purpose of the law has been to clarify each person's right to personal and sexual integrity. The law has both been praised and criticized by many people. This study examines and problematizes how the new law of consent is perceived by men and women and what characterizes sexual consent. A qualitative research method was used in the study whereby eight heterosexual men and seven heterosexual women of different ages were interviewed. Empirical data of the study has been analyzed with the help of theories of sexual script and gender-based power. The theoretical framework of the study has also been shaped by understandings of changeable discourses of sexuality and sexual consent. The study shows that sexual consent is a complex process as it is an aspect of intimate relations involving sexual interaction and thereby includes many gray zones. How sexual consent is exercised in practice depends on whether men and women are in stable relationships or have temporary partners. Heterosexual norms about sexuality based on gender power characterize how sexual consent is exercised. The consent process is described as quite abstract by several informants as non-verbal consent seems to be most common during the sex act.