Academic literature on the topic 'Consent criterion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Consent criterion"
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Lv, Xinran, and Ke Zheng. "Criteria for Judging the Effectiveness of Guardians’ Consent." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 16 (March 26, 2022): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v16i.450.
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The rapid growth of data interests may increase the risk of damage to the interests of minors. Although there is a system of informed consent by guardians in the existing legal system, the restrictions on the validity of consent are vague, resulting in a large number of ineffective consents that violate the interests of minors. As for the restriction of the validity of consent, the representative theories in academic research are the " scene justice theory " and the " justifiable purpose theory ". In this paper, we adopt the Cost-revenue analysis method to analyze the costs and revenue of the two doctrines and compare the net profit. Then, the Cost-revenue analysis of the " scene justice theory " as a perfection proposal and the existing system was conducted, and the conclusion was drawn. The proposal can protect the economic and personal interests of minors, and the cost of operating the system is low and fixed, and the cost of obligations is also low. In terms of net profit, the proposed improvement is better than the status quo, and the " scene justice theory " should be introduced as a criterion for judging the effectiveness of guardians' consent.
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Fischer, Johannes. "Fremdnützige Forschung und Sterbehilfe bei nichteinwilligungsfähigen Personen." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 43, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 98–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/zee-1999-0116.
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Abstract A main condition for medical treatment is considered to be the »informed consent« of the patient. This criterion protects his/her autonomy. In certain cases, however, it is not applicable, since the patient is not able to give his consent. This may lead to the discrimination of a considerable group of patients, where medical interventions must be refrained from, because of the lacking consent of the persons in question. This concems especially research for the benefit of others and euthanasia. Basing on the concept of the person, this paper develops criteria which should be applied if »informed consent« is not applicable
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Pishchita, AN, VA Alekseev, and KN Borisov. "Awareness as a criterion of the legality of obtaining the patient's consent to medical intervention." Медицинская этика, no. 2021(1) (March 2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/medet.2021.006.
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The doctrine of patient consent to medical intervention, as a compulsory procedure, emerged in the forties of the twentieth century. However, up until the present the problem of obtaining patient consent cannot be considered conclusively resolved. One of the intervention legality criteria is the patient's complete (sufficient) awareness of the proposed medical intervention.
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Ratna Suminar, Sri, Yoni Fuadah Syukriani, U. Sudjana, and Efa Laela Fakhriah. "THE LEGAL CAPACITY IN CONTRACT FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT (THE COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INDONESIAN LAW, DUTCH LAW, AND ENGLISH LAW)." Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 5, no. 1 (September 23, 2020): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v5i1.7.
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This article aims to determine the criterion of legal capacity of a patient in a contract for medical treatment and the legal consequences of a contract for medical treatment made by a minor. This article uses a normative juridical research method with a law approach and the data sources used are obtained from literature studies and document studies, and study results showed that there is a similar criterion for determining whether a patient is competent or not in giving consent for medical treatment between Indonesian law and Dutch law that is based on a legally fixed age. However, based on Dutch law, the age of legal capacity to consent for medical treatment differs from the age of legal majority. Meanwhile, English law uses mixed approaches to determine a minor capacity in giving consent for medical treatment that is based on the age and competence of a minor. Furthermore, according to Indonesian Law, a contract for medical treatment made by minors is voidable, whereas according to Dutch Law and also English Law any contract for medical treatment made by minors is legally binding.
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Zerbe, Richard O. "The Consent Justification for Benefit–Cost Analysis." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 11, no. 2 (2020): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.9.
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AbstractThis paper provides a Consent Justification for benefit–cost analysis (BCA). The Consent Justification is based on a tendency toward actual compensation. A substantial justification for using BCA as a tool is the actual Pareto test, called the Consent Justification, in combination with the net present value criterion for individual projects. The traditional justification, the potential compensation test (PCT), is unsatisfactory on several grounds. In addition, the PCT occupies the uneasy position of being the source of extended criticisms in the economic literature and especially in the legal and philosophy literature. The argument for the Consent Justification lies not only in the deficiencies of the PCT, but also, especially, in a showing through simulation that all tend to gain across a portfolio of projects which is not large but rather robust with respect to errors and assumptions.
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Hirsch, Steven, and Sean Spence. "Ethical approaches to researching the mentally incapable patient." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 7 (July 1995): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.7.414.
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Patients seen in psychiatric settings may, for a variety of reasons, be incapable of informed consent. The Mental Health Act allows for their treatment, but research into their pathologies is practically impaired (while their consent is a criterion for inclusion). Is it ethically unacceptable to perform research upon these patients? If so, then the prospects for therapeutic and conceptual advance seem remote. In this paper the competing ethical claims are examined. An approach is proposed which is humane yet permissive of research in this heterogeneous group of patients.
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Vestergaard, Jørn. "The rape law revision in Denmark: Consent or voluntariness as the key criterion?" Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice 8, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bjclcj.v8i2.3237.
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The adoption of a consent-based rape provision in the Danish Penal Code has gradually gained sufficient political support. The overall objective behind the law reform is to render better protection of the right to sexual self-determination and sexual integrity. However, in the recent run-up towards a political agreement, a sharp dividing line has separated the proponents of change due to a heated controversy with regard to the choice of the term to be used in the revised criminal law provision, i.e., ‘consent’ or ‘voluntariness’. The disagreement has caused a protracted deadlock in the reform process. This article examines the polarising opinions in the debate and compares the potential impacts of the debated models. It will be demonstrated that the demarcation line between the two opposing parties in the debate concerning the choice of the appropriate terminology has been drawn unnecessarily sharp. The reach of the amended rape legislation will not merely depend on the wording of the rape provision but will, at least in part, depend on the clarifications provided in the preparatory works. Ultimately, the courts will have to clarify the legal implications of an individual’s passivity in a sexual encounter and address the adequate assessment of sexual encounters taking place against the backdrop of psychological violence and abuse.
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Dyachenko, Tamara S., Larisa N. Gribina, and Olesya F. Devlyashova. "Parental opinion regarding the pediatric outpatient organizations’ functioning as an important criterion of pediatric medical care quality." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 8, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped8250-55.
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A survey was carried out to identify the factors influencing parent satisfaction with care provided in a pediatric clinical setting for children younger than 15 years. We distributed questionnaires to 300 parents to measure the quality of medical care provided in pediatric outpatient settings in Volgograd. The questionnaires included 26 closed questions, most of which were subjective and straightforward. The questions concerned availability of information about pediatric clinical settings, scheduling an appointment with a pediatrician or a pediatric specialist, patient waiting time for medical care, meeting the requirement to obtain voluntary informed consent from patients and availability and suitability for pediatric patients of most laboratory and diagnostic facilities. Parents reported that they obtained information from different sources, including registration staff in a clinical setting, the website of a clinical setting as well as from posters and patient brochures in the clinical setting. 68% of the respondents stated that the information provided was sufficient and comprehensible. Most respondents regarded registration staff working in pediatric clinical settings as the most authoritative source of information available. Registration stations in clinical settings were reported as the easiest and most affordable system for scheduling medical visits. 80% of the respondents stated that they always gave their informed consent to therapy or related issues, while 16% - rarely, and 4% of the respondents never provided informed consent. The majority of the respondents in the survey indicated that the information about their children’s health provided by the pediatrician was sufficient and accurate. The respondents reported being satisfied with the work hours of a pediatrician and waiting time for medical care. Out of 300 respondents, 79% said that their children received consultations with pediatric specialists as indicated.
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Mena-Tudela, Desirée, Susana Iglesias-Casás, Víctor Manuel González-Chordá, Águeda Cervera-Gasch, Laura Andreu-Pejó, and María Jesús Valero-Chilleron. "Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part I): Women’s Perception and Interterritorial Differences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 7726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217726.
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The decentralization of health systems can have direct repercussions on maternity care. Some inequalities can be noted in outcomes, like neonatal and child mortality in Spain. This study aimed to make the presence of obstetric violence in Spain visible as an interterritorial equity criterion. A descriptive, restrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2018 and June 2019. The sample comprised 17,541 questionnaires, which represented all Spanish Autonomous Communities. Of our sample, 38.3% perceived having suffered obstetric violence; 44.4% perceived that they had undergone unnecessary and/or painful procedures, of whom 83.4% were not requested to provide informed consent. The mean satisfaction with the attention women received obtained 6.94 points in the general sample and 4.85 points for those women who viewed themselves as victims of obstetric violence. Spain seems to have a serious problem with public health and respecting human rights in obstetric violence. Offering information to women and requesting their informed consent are barely practiced in the healthcare system, so it is necessary to profoundly reflect on obstetric practices with, and request informed consent from, women in Spain.
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BESSON, SAMANTHA. "State Consent and Disagreement in International Law-Making. Dissolving the Paradox." Leiden Journal of International Law 29, no. 2 (April 29, 2016): 289–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156516000030.
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AbstractThis article starts with a paradox: international law-making is ridden with reasonable disagreement and yet no state can be bound by international law without its consent and hence without agreement. Breaking away from the pragmatic resignation that prevails among international law scholars on this question, the article proposes an interpretation of the role of state consent that both fits and justifies its central role in the practice of international law-making and, hopefully, strengthens the latter's legitimacy in the future. Its proposed justification actually lies in the circumstances of reasonable disagreement among democratic states and this proposal dissolves the paradox. The article argues that, in international law as it is the case domestically, consent is neither a criterion of validity of law nor a ground for its legitimate authority. It also dispels two myths about state consent: its necessary relationship to legal positivism and state sovereignty. Instead, the article argues, the role of democratic state consent is that of an exception to the legitimate authority of international law and hence to its bindingness in a concrete case. While the legitimacy of international law is not democratic, the democratic nature of states and their democratic accountability to their people matter. This is especially the case in circumstances of widespread and persistent reasonable disagreement as they prevail among democratic states in international law-making. In these circumstances, respecting the sovereign equality of democratic states by requiring their consent is the way to grant an equal voice to their people. Of course, there are limits to the democratic state exception that are inherent to both its democratic dimension (it requires respecting basic political equality) and its consensual dimension (it requires that consent is expressed in a free, fair and informed fashion). The article concludes by showing how the proposed disagreement-attuned account of democratic state consent explains various characteristics of the main international law-making processes, i.e., treaties and custom.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consent criterion"
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Петков, Александр Александрович. "Особенности применения многошаговой модели для описания поражения объектов разрядом длинной искры." Thesis, Харківський національний економічний університет ім. Семена Кузнеця, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/26295.
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В работе обсуждается проблема определения адекватности статистической модели, которая описывает поражение объектов длинной искрой. Показана необходимость дополнительных исследований по выбору методов, которые обеспечивают проверку согласия результатов моделирования и экспериментального распределения точек поражения плоскости.The paper discusses the problem of determining the adequacy of the statistical model, which describes the defeat of objects using long sparks. It has been shown that more research is needed on the choice of methods that provide verification agreement of simulation results and experimental plane distribution points defeat.
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Craft, Emalee, and Rachel Ogumbo. "Use of CONSORT Criteria for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Pharmacy Journals." The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623596.
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Class of 2012 AbstractSpecific Aims: To explore whether publishing requirements for human-centered randomized control trials, particularly the CONSORT criteria, have any relationship to impact as measured by the Journal Citation Reports TM Impact Factor. Methods: A worksheet was used to evaluate a methodically selected list of journals, including types of articles published, requirements of authors for human-focused randomized control trials, JCR Impact Factor and other JCR metrics for each specific journal title. A worksheet was filled out for each journal by each member of the research team and answers combined for consensus. Group means and SDs were calculated and the Student’s t-Test applied to values for selected journals. Main Results: 50 candidate pharmacy journals were identified and 41 met the criteria for publishing human-centered randomized control trials. Journals were grouped according to whether they required CONSORT or had other reporting requirements for human RCTs, or had no requirements for such studies. Few (6; 15%) pharmacy journals required authors to use CONSORT; and additional 15 (37%) journals provided as least some author guidelines similar to CONSORT. Pharmacy journals using CONSORT or other guidelines had a higher average impact factor (3.5; SD = 1.5) than did journals without guidelines (2.4; SD = 0.9; p = 0.007). Conclusions: There appears to be a statistical difference in average JCR metrics between journals which require specific RCT guidelines and those which do not. The use of reporting guidelines, such as CONSORT, by pharmacy journals is associated with increased impact as represented by JCR influence measures.
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Craft, Emalee, Rachel Ogumbo, and Marion Slack. "Use of CONSORT Criteria for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Pharmacy Journals." The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614462.
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Class of 2012 AbstractSpecific Aims: To explore whether publishing requirements for human-centered randomized control trials, particularly the CONSORT criteria, have any relationship to impact as measured by the Journal Citation Reports ™ Impact Factor. Methods: A worksheet was used to evaluate a methodically selected list of journals, including types of articles published, requirements of authors for human-focused randomized control trials, JCR Impact Factor and other JCR metrics for each specific journal title. A worksheet was filled out for each journal by each member of the research team and answers combined for consensus. Group means and SDs were calculated and the Student’s t-Test applied to values for selected journals. Main Results: 50 candidate pharmacy journals were identified and 41 met the criteria for publishing human-centered randomized control trials. Journals were grouped according to whether they required CONSORT or had other reporting requirements for human RCTs, or had no requirements for such studies. Few (6; 15%) pharmacy journals required authors to use CONSORT; and additional 15 (37%) journals provided as least some author guidelines similar to CONSORT. Pharmacy journals using CONSORT or other guidelines had a higher average impact factor (3.5; SD = 1.5) than did journals without guidelines (2.4; SD = 0.9; p = 0.007). Conclusions: There appears to be a statistical difference in average JCR metrics between journals which require specific RCT guidelines and those which do not. The use of reporting guidelines, such as CONSORT, by pharmacy journals is associated with increased impact as represented by JCR influence measures.
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Aliaga, Medina Vicente Rodrigo. "Acto administrativo, procedimiento administrativo, información pública y causales de secreto o reserva de la información : los criterios del Consejo para la Transparencia." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113807.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)Este trabajo tiene por fin revisar y sistematizar la jurisprudencia del Consejo para la Transparencia en dos grandes ámbitos: información pública y acto administrativo, y causales de secreto o reserva. Como se verá, en cuanto a lo primero, el Consejo ha elaborado, basado en la regulación de la Ley de Transparencia, un criterio amplio para determinar qué se entiende por información pública, no sólo atendiendo a un principio formal relacionado al acto administrativo y a sus fundamentos y la documentación que le sirve de sustento o complemento directo y esencial, sino que también a que la información elaborada con presupuesto público y la que obra en poder de la Administración tiene la misma calidad. Además, se ha pronunciado respecto a distintos tipos de actos que no poseen una regulación legal acabada en nuestro derecho o que derechamente no la tienen, y los ha incluido dentro de la categoría de información pública. En el segundo tema, el Consejo ha desarrollado lineamientos distintos que le han permitido delimitar las situaciones en que cierta información es secreta o reservada debido a que su divulgación afecta el debido cumplimiento de las funciones de los órganos administrativos, los derechos de las personas, la seguridad de la Nación, el interés nacional, o porque una ley de quórum calificado ha determinado su resguardo. Además, ha construido un criterio referente a cuándo es posible para un órgano excusarse de entregar información porque ella no existe, no siendo suficiente que únicamente señale tal circunstancia
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Kirez, Oguz. "A Numerical Forced Convection Heat Transfer Analysis Of Nanofluids Considering Performance Criteria." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615167/index.pdf.
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A nanofluid is a new heat transfer fluid produced by mixing a base fluid and solid nano sized particles. This fluid has great potential in heat transfer applications, because of its increased thermal conductivity and even increased Nusselt number due to higher thermal conductivity, Brownian motion of nanoparticles, and other various effects on heat transfer phenomenon.
In this work, the first aim is to predict convective heat transfer of nanofluids. A numerical code is created and run to obtain results in a pipe with two different boundary conditions, constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux. The results for laminar flow for thermally developing region in a pipe are obtained for Al2O3/water nanofluid with different volumetric fraction and particle sizes with local temperature dependent conductivity approach. Various effects that influence nanofluid heat transfer enhancement are investigated. As a result, a better heat transfer performance is obtained for all cases, compared to pure water. The important parameters that have impact on nanofluid heat transfer are particle diameter of the nanoparticles, nanoparticle volumetric fraction, Peclet number, and viscous dissipation.
Next, a heat transfer performance evaluation methodology is proposed considering increased pumping power of nanofluids. Two different criteria are selected for two boundary conditions at constant pumping power. These are heat transfer rate ratio of the nanofluid and the base fluid for constant wall temperature boundary condition and difference between wall temperature of the pipe at the exit and inlet mean temperature of the fluid ratio for constant wall heat flux case. Three important parameters that influence the heat transfer performance of nanofluids are extracted from a parametric study. Lastly, optimum particle size and volumetric fraction values are obtained depending on Graetz number, Nusselt number, heat transfer fluid temperature, and nanofluid type.
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Guerra, Danton Felipe. "Las causales de reserva o secreto a la entrega de información pública a la luz de los criterios de ponderación en la jurisprudencia del Consejo para la Transparencia." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/142605.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
En Chile la regla general en materia de acceso a la información pública es su publicidad y la excepción su reserva o secreto. Las causales de secreto o reserva a la entrega de información se encuentran establecidas en la Constitución Política y especificadas en la Ley de Transparencia. La Jurisprudencia Administrativa del Consejo para la Transparencia desarrollada en menos de una década, ha ido delineando sus criterios de aplicación de la normativa respecto de las causales de reserva. Dichos criterios de interpretación de la normativa y su aplicación, están ligados con una actividad que ha sido frecuente en las decisiones del Consejo, cual es, la actividad ponderadora desarrollada a través de los Test de Interés Público y Test de Daño. Resulta de importancia efectuar una aproximación esquemática a la forma en que el Consejo ha llevado a cabo esta actividad de ponderación, mediante el análisis de los criterios que se extrapolan de sus fallos, ya que se va sentando jurisprudencia que puede ser analizada a fin de tener mayor certeza sobre el modo en que el Consejo aplica la Ley de Transparencia y las causales de reserva, certeza que sirve para que los abogados estén al tanto de cómo funcionan los criterios aplicados, para que el ciudadano sepa a qué atenerse al momento de efectuar solicitudes de entrega de información y los funcionarios públicos conozcan con claridad cuando obran al margen de los dispuesto por la Constitución y la normativa vigente.
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Villacis, Zambrano Lilia Moncerrate. "Criterios del Consejo de Evaluación, Acreditación y Aseguramiento de la Calidad de Educación superior y su influencia en la calidad de la educación de las extensiones universitarias de la provincia de Manabí - Ecuador." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5992.
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Determina el cómo influye la acreditación que otorga el Consejo de Acreditación y Aseguramiento de la Calidad de Educación Superior (CEAACES) en la calidad de las universidades. Para ello se utiliza encuestas, muestreo, método de expertos Kendall, diagramas causa-efecto, diagramas de flujo y análisis. Para el procesamiento y análisis de la información se utiliza el software SPSS, Microsoft, Excel, Word y otros. Los resultados de esta investigación sirve de base para proponer una serie de acciones que contribuyan al desarrollo del modelo del CEAACES y que ayuden en la mejora de la calidad de las universidades, siguiendo las tendencias actuales, que son manejar procesos no solo puntuales del modelo de acreditación, sino evaluar periódicamente para la satisfacción de los involucrados, lo que garantiza la calidad continua.Tesis
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Sakihara, Miyashiro Juan Carlos. "Nivel de eficiencia de los criterios para revisión de lámina periférica del grupo de consenso de la Sociedad Internacional del Laboratorio de Hematología en el laboratorio central del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5796.
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Determina el nivel de eficiencia de los criterios para revisión de lámina periférica del Grupo de Consenso de la Sociedad Internacional del Laboratorio de Hematología (ISLH) en el laboratorio central del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN). Es un estudio descriptivo analítico. Utiliza muestras de sangre total anticoagulada con EDTA procesadas entre 01 - 07 de octubre del año 2015 analizadas en el equipo Celldyn Sapphire del laboratorio central del INSN. Clasifica los resultados como verdaderos positivos, verdaderos negativos, falsos positivos y falsos negativos según los criterios de la ISLH. Encuentra que la eficiencia es de 61.2% en general, en pacientes externos obtiene una eficiencia de 65.6% y en pacientes internos, un 33.7%. Para pacientes de 5 años o más la eficiencia es de 73.4% y para menores de 5 años es de 48.4%. Concluye que la eficiencia es baja para los pacientes en general, incrementandose muy poco si se toma en cuenta solo a los pacientes externos. Sin embargo, la eficiencia se incrementa notoriamente si se toma en cuenta a los pacientes de 5 años o más lo cual indica que los criterios de la ISLH no deberían aplicarse para los pacientes menores de 5 años a menos que se adapten para mejorar la eficiencia.Tesis
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Seuret, Alexandre, Dimos V. Dimarogonas, and Karl Henrik Johansson. "Consensus under communication delays." KTH, Reglerteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-28520.
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This paper deals with the consensus problem under communication network inducing delays. It is well-known that introducing a delay leads in general to a reduction of the performance or to instability due to the fact that timedelay systems are infinite dimensional. For instance, the set of initial conditions of a time-delay system is not a vector but a function taken in an interval. Therefore, investigating the effect of time-delays in the consensus problem is an important issue. In the present paper, we assume that each agent receives instantaneously its own state information but receives the state information from its neighbors after a constant delay. Two stability criteria are provided based on the frequency approach and on Lyapunov-Krasovskii techniques given in terms of LMI. An analytic expression of the consensus equilibrium which depends on the delay and on the initial conditions taken in an interval is derived. The efficiency of the method is tested for different network communication schemes.QC 20110120
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Doëns, Christine. "La recevabilité des actions devant la Cour pénale internationale." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0468.
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La recevabilité est le cœur de la procédure judiciaire. Elle permet d’étudier la pénalisation de la vie internationale. Elle semble pouvoir rendre compte de la réponse judiciaire à la rancœur internationale au regard des grands faits criminels ; quel qu’en fut le territoire de commission.Cette thèse porte sur la notion de recevabilité devant la Cour pénale internationale. Avec la création de la CPI, la justice pénale internationale prend une dimension nouvelle. La pratique de la Cour est encore récente. L’étude est le prétexte pour examiner le fonctionnement de la Cour pénale internationale. Les Etats ont tenté de limiter la capacité de recevoir de la Cour. Ils l’ont ainsi fondée sur le principe de la complémentarité. Elle supplée l’inaction ou l’action défaillante des Etats, qui ont le devoir de poursuivre les auteurs de crimes internationaux. L’article 17 du Statut de Rome énonce les exceptions permettant de déclarer une affaire recevable devant la CPI. Ainsi, la recevabilité d’une affaire ayant fait l’objet d’une enquête ne sera retenue que s’il est prouvé que les Etats n’ont pas l’intention de mener véritablement à bien les poursuites. Et, que par ailleurs, le seuil de gravité de l’affaire est atteint. Le caractère universel de la compétence de la CPI est battu en brèche par les conditions de recevabilité. On analyse la recevabilité comme une condition de compétence à juste titre, car c’est bien le manquement de l’Etat à assurer l’effectivité des poursuites qui justifie que l’affaire soit déclarée, par la Cour elle-même, recevable. Les conditions requises pour que la Cour puisse agir, force est de constater l’implication du système de recevabilité tant sur l’organisation de la Cour que sur ses rapports avec les Etats. Celles-ci ne sont pas négligeables. De fait, le système de recevabilité est amené à évoluer. Il se caractérise par sa capacité à influencer le droit interne. Ainsi, la décision de recevoir doit amener les Etats à adapter leur droit interne. La viabilité de la Cour, à long terme, dépend du maintien d’une synergie de coopération avec les juridictions nationales, des États parties et d'autres Etats. Le système de recevabilité tend à mettre en évidence des indicateurs émergents dans la pratique de la Cour pénale internationale. C’est notamment le réalignement frappant des rôles des acteurs internationaux et la relation nouvelle qui s’instaure entre les Etats et la Cour. Le système de recevabilité de la Cour tend à éroder le principe de la souveraineté de l'Etat, sans être elle-même balayée par l'opposition catégorique des Etats souverainsAdmissibility is the heart of the judicial process. It studies the criminalization of international life. It seems to account for the judicial response to the international resentment against the great criminal acts, whatever was the territory of commission.This thesis deals with the notion of admissibility before the ICC. With the creation of the ICC, International Criminal Justice is a new dimension. The practice of the Court is still new. The study is an excuse to investigate the operation of the ICC. States have tried to limit the ability to receive from the Court. They did so based on the principle of complementarity. It compensates the action or inaction of failing states, which have a duty to prosecute international crimes. Article 17 RS sets out exceptions to declare a case admissible before the ICC. Thus, the admissibility of a case which is the subject of an investigation will be accepted only, if it is shown that States did not intend genuinely to carry out prosecutions. And that furthermore, the threshold of gravity of a case is reached. The universal nature of the jurisdiction of the ICC is undermined by the conditions of admissibility. Analyzing the admissibility of competence as a condition rightly, for it is the failure of the state to ensure effective prosecution to justify that the case will be declared by the Court itself, admissible. The requirements for the Court to act, it is clear involvement of the system of admissibility as on the organization of the Court that its relationship with the United States. These are not insignificant. In fact, the system will evolve admissibility. It is characterized by its ability to influence the law. Thus, the decision to receive should encourage States to adapt their domestic law. The viability of the Court, in the long run depends on maintaining a synergy of cooperation with national courts of States Parties and other States. The system of admissibility tends to highlight indicators emerging in the practice of the International Criminal Court. This is especially striking realignment of the roles of international actors and the new relationship established between the States and the Court. The system of admissibility of the Court tends to erode the principle of state sovereignty, without itself being swept by the opposition of sovereign states
Books on the topic "Consent criterion"
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Judicial, Spain Consejo General del Poder. Dictámenes y criterios gubernativos del Consejo General del Poder Judicial. [España]: Consejo General del Poder Judicial, 1991.
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Lemeshko, Boris. Nonparametric criteria of consent: Application guide. Infra-M Academic Publishing House, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11873.
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Rady, Mohamed Y., and Ari R. Joffe. Non-heart-beating organ donation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0390.
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The transplantation community endorses controlled and uncontrolled non-heart-beating organ donation (NHBD) to increase the supply of transplantable organs at end of life. Cardiac arrest must occur within 1–2 hours after the withdrawal of life-support in controlled NHBD. Uncontrolled NHBD is performed after failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an unexpected witnessed cardiac arrest. Donor management aims to protect transplantable organs against warm ischaemic injury through the optimization of haemodynamics and mechanical ventilation. This also requires antemortem instrumentation and systemic anticoagulation for organ perseveration in controlled NHBD. Interval support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or cardiopulmonary bypass is generally required for optimal organ perfusion and oxygenation in uncontrolled NHBD, which remains a controversial medical practice. There are several unresolved ethical challenges. The circulatory criterion of 2–10 minutes of absent arterial pulse does not comply with the uniform determination of death criterion of the irreversible cessation of functions of the cardiovascular or central nervous systems. There are no robust safeguards in clinical practice that can prevent faulty prognostication, and premature withdrawal of treatment or termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Unmanaged conflicting interests of increasing the supply of transplantable organs can have serious consequences on the medical care of potentially salvageable patients. Perimortem interventions can interfere with the delivery of an optimal quality of end-of-life care. The lack of disclosure of these NHBD ethical controversies does not uphold the moral obligation for an informed consent.
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Dodds, Chris, Chandra M. Kumar, and Frédérique Servin. Ethics and the law involving the elderly. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735571.003.0015.
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The role of ethics in the care of the elderly is discussed, and some of the aspects of importance to anaesthesia are reviewed. Ethical principles are commonly viewed as either consequential, where the risk/benefit balance between necessary harm (surgery) provides improved quality of life, or deontological, where it is simply the action that is judged and not the outcome. The lack of individualized outcome data is identified as a major issue for the consequential process. Consent for surgery (and anaesthesia) is described in the context of the UK, but it is applicable worldwide. The validity of informed consent is reviewed against the criteria of competence, lack of duress, and appropriately provided information. The capacity to give consent and the use of legal alternatives such as health attorneys is detailed. Finally, the debate on excellent palliative care rather than assisted death is reviewed.
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Hermanson, Chrisantha. Scrutinizing Intentions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812852.003.0008.
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Most humanitarian interventions are suspected of having secondary, non-humanitarian motives. This chapter interrogates whether, and when, the presence of some such secondary motive counts against an intervention morally. The problematic cases are those in which secondary motives lead the intervening power to take actions beyond what are necessary to achieve the stated humanitarian purpose of the intervention. While the intended beneficiaries of any humanitarian intervention can be assumed to consent to its primary aim of rescuing them, they cannot be assumed to consent to these additional actions taken in pursuit of secondary, non-altruistic ambitions. The chapter also considers abuses that might take place in the aftermath of intervention, during post-atrocity reconstruction. The central concern here is with offers of aid or loans for reconstruction that are conditional on imposed criteria.
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Misulis, Karl E., and E. Lee Murray. Brain Death and Persistent Vegetative State. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0015.
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Neurologists are often asked to consult for determination of brain death or to advise families about prognosis and other aspects of the persistent vegetative state. Criteria for these conditions are discussed along with challenges in discussing them with families.
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Dresser, Rebecca. How to Hear Subjects. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190459277.003.0009.
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This chapter makes the case for including experienced subjects in a variety of activities related to research ethics and policy. People with personal experience as research subjects should be involved in research review as well as in community-engaged and patient-centered research efforts. Experienced subjects should also be included in advisory groups considering ethical and policy topics like informed consent and comparative-effectiveness research. Achieving subject inclusion will require attention to matters such as selection criteria and training subjects for participation in ethics and policy activities. The inclusion challenges should not be exaggerated, however. Adding subjects to research ethics activities is a manageable step toward an improved research enterprise.
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Waldemar, Gunhild. Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease in clinical practice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779803.003.0006.
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The diagnostic evaluation in a patient with cognitive impairment suspected of having Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should include investigations aimed at 1) confirming and characterizing the cognitive impairment using cognitive tests with particular attention to typical (episodic memory impairment) and atypical presentations of AD; 2) checking the diagnostic criteria for AD and considering biomarkers to document AD pathology; and 3) differential diagnosis: ruling out other conditions which could cause cognitive impairment. With the advent of CSF and imaging biomarkers for AD, it may be possible to establish an early specific diagnosis, or to confirm an increased risk of progressing to AD dementia, in patients with mild cognitive symptoms. In such cases pre-biomarker counselling and patient consent is essential.
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Tordini Cagli, Silvia. Principio di autodeterminazione e consenso dell'avente diritto. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg238.
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La tematica del consenso dell’avente diritto viene affrontata con particolare riferimento al fondamento, alla collocazione sistematica e ai limiti di efficacia di questo istituto, attraverso un percorso che coinvolge profili di diritto costituzionale, di filosofia morale e di criminologia, oltre, che, naturalmente, più prettamente penalistici. Il riconoscimento di una rilevanza alla volontà della vittima nell’ambito dell’ordinamento penale non è un dato di immediata evidenza, essendo il diritto penale ramo del diritto pubblico caratterizzato da un rapporto di subordinazione del singolo allo Stato; ciononostante il consenso ha sempre avuto un ruolo nella determinazione della responsabilità penale. Negli attuali ordinamenti democratici, soprattutto con l’entrata in vigore delle Costituzioni repubblicane, si riscontra una tendenza ad una sempre maggiore valorizzazione della libertà di autodeterminazione del soggetto in relazione alla gestione dei propri beni e/o diritti. Affrontare la questione del fondamento del consenso dell’avente diritto e della sua efficacia nell’ambito del diritto penale significa interrogarsi sul fondamento e sui limiti del diritto di autodeterminazione, essenza del consenso stesso. Poter individuare un fondamento costituzionale del diritto di autodeterminazione significa, oggi, garantire la massima estensione al consenso dell’avente diritto. È in questa ottica che si snoda il percorso di approfondimento seguito dall’autrice, al fine di ampliare l’alveo dei diritti disponibili, con un rifiuto netto del principio del c.d. paternalismo (forte) quale criterio di legittimazione dell’intervento penale e negazione, dunque, della legittimità di una tutela (penale) dell’individuo "da se stesso". Silvia Tordini Cagli è attualmente ricercatore di Diritto penale presso la Facoltà di Giurisprudenza dell’Università degli Studi di Bologna. È altresì titolare dell’insegnamento di Diritto penale generale e del lavoro nell’ambito del corso di laurea per Consulente del lavoro. Ha conseguito il titolo di dottore di ricerca in Diritto penale presso l’Università degli Studi di Parma ed è stata titolare di assegno di ricerca in Diritto penale presso l’Università degli Studi di Bologna. Tra le sue pubblicazioni si segnala: "Peculato e malversazione", voce in Digesto delle discipline penalistiche , vol. IX, Torino, 1995, 334 ss.; Condotta della vittima ed analisi del reato , in "Rivista italiana di diritto e procedura penale", 2000, 3, 1148 ss.; "La rilevanza penale dell’eutanasia tra indisponibilità della vita e principio di autodeterminazione", in Nuove esigenze di tutela nell’ambito dei reati contro la persona , a cura di S. Canestrari e G. Fornasari, Bologna, 2001; "Delitto preterintenzionale e principio di colpevolezza", in Casi e materiali di diritto penale , Parte generale, vol. I, a cura di A. Cadoppi, S. Canestrari, Milano, 2002; "Accanimento terapeutico o eutanasia neonatale?", in Medicina, bioetica e diritto , a cura di P. Funghi e F. Giunta, Pisa, 2005, 265 ss.; "Consenso dell’avente diritto", voce in Il Diritto , Enc. Giur. del Sole 24 ore, 2007, vol. III.
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Criterios y procedimientos para la acreditacion previa de los programas academicos y de especializacion en educacion / Consejo Nacional de Acreditación de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia: Consejo Nacional de Acreditacion, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Consent criterion"
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Zuo, Jianping, and Jiayi Shen. "The Hoek-Brown Constant mi." In The Hoek-Brown Failure criterion—From theory to application, 63–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1769-3_5.
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Fernandes, C. A. R., and J. C. M. Mota. "New Blind Algorithms Based on Modified “Constant Modulus” Criteria for QAM Constellations." In Telecommunications and Networking - ICT 2004, 498–503. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27824-5_67.
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Saage-Maaß, Miriam. "Legal Interventions and Transnational Alliances in the Ali Enterprises Case: Struggles for Workers’ Rights in Global Supply Chains." In Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 25–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8_3.
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AbstractThis article highlights the persistence of exploitative working conditions in global supply chains resulting from the constant need to externalise costs and increase consumption with a view to sustaining the “imperial lifestyle” of people in the Global North. While the law structures today’s global value chains and is designed to secure the economic interests of Global North companies that sit at the top of most of such chains, it also bears considerable potential for transformation and empowerment. The different legal interventions around the 2012 Ali Enterprises factory fire demonstrate that law is not only a direct product of dominant class interests, but that it can also open up opportunities for resistance and emancipatory struggle. Written from the perspective of one of the actors closely involved in the legal struggle for justice that followed the Ali Enterprises factory fire, both in terms of building transnational alliances as well as in the litigation itself, this chapter critically reflects on the achievements of the legal interventions carried out and also attempts to develop criteria for a holistic approach to what is often called strategic litigation.
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Venter, Gary. "A Mortality Model for Pandemics and Other Contagion Events." In Springer Actuarial, 75–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78334-1_5.
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AbstractThe crisis caused by COVID-19 has had various impacts on the mortality of different sexes, age groups, ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds and requires improved mortality models. Here a very simple model extension is proposed: add a proportional jump to mortality rates that is a constant percent increase across the ages and cohorts but which varies by year. Thus all groups are affected, but the higher-mortality groups get the biggest increases in number dying. Every year gets a jump factor, but these can be vanishingly small for the normal years. Statistical analysis reveals that even before considering pandemic effects, mortality models are often missing systemic risk elements which could capture unusual or even extreme population events. Adding a provision for annual jumps, stochastically dispersed enough to include both tiny and pandemic risks, improves the results and incorporates the systemic risk in projection distributions. Here the mortality curves across the age, cohort, and time parameters are fitted using regularised smoothing splines, and cross-validation criteria are used for fit quality. In this way, we get more parsimonious models with better predictive properties. Performance of the proposed model is compared to standard mortality models existing in the literature.
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Mazzarella, Chiara, and Libera Amenta. "The Circular Metabolic Urban Landscape." In Regenerative Territories, 71–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_4.
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AbstractThe study of the city as a living organism in constant transformation is especially linked to the investigation of its metabolic flows and their impacts on urban systems. The interplay of urban metabolic flows with the natural and anthropic landscape, including the built environment and its discarded parts, is connected in various ways. Urban Metabolism has been mainly studied by environmentalists and engineers so far, but it is recently acquiring growing significance also for urban planners, architects, and policymakers to determine and evaluate the impacts of human transformation on the human-natural ecosystem. Considering the urban landscape and the metabolism of its resources as an integrated system requires the recognition of which materials, methods, approaches, and general issues should be considered in planning and design for the transition toward a Circular Metabolic Urban Landscape. The process of transition to circular cities should necessarily involve actors from different research fields. Thus, this study aims at systematizing the recent and constantly evolving knowledge on this topic. This chapter presents a Systematic Review of the recent scientific literature by analyzing the production of the last 10 years on Urban Metabolism and Circular Economy in the context of spatial design and planning. The criteria set as a guide were made explicit through the coding of the selected papers by employing ATLAS.ti and grouping the subjects coded in five main clusters: theoretical issues, UM-specific topics, planning and design research, interdisciplinary studies and research and applications, and open issues. A semantic network links the cross-disciplinarity topics. The challenges and research topics to consider for a Circular Metabolic Urban Landscape are then considered as a set of links in the recent scientific literature selected.
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"To Treat or Not to Treat? Should the Treatability Criterion for Those with Psychopathic Disorder be Abandoned?" In Understanding Treatment Without Consent, 99–112. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315549071-11.
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Boutellier, Hans. "Sexual offences and mutual consent." In A Criminology of Moral Order, 95–109. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529203752.003.0006.
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Central to the morality of any culture are its norms and values on gender, especially on sexual affairs and personal relations. In most Western societies over the last half-century, there has emerged, for example, a wide acceptance of homosexual relations. There is also agreement on the absolute right of self-determination for women. Although there might be a discrepancy between values and reality, this constitutional equality is absent in other parts of the world. Nor has it always been the case in the West. This chapter focuses on the changing views on sexual violence and harassment and the consequences for sexual violence. Studying historical development in sexuality reveals a lot about the morality of a culture. Central to these analyses is the shift from external norms to the idea of mutual consent. It is the only criterion that fits in a secular and liberal context, in which people are autonomous and self-determining.
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Trivigno, Franco V. "Above the Law and Out for Justice." In Plato's Statesman, 156–76. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898296.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 focusses on Statesman 291a1-297b4 and argues that, according to the Eleatic Visitor, the single criterion for right rule (orthē archē) is the wisdom or expertise of the statesman; thus it is entirely irrelevant to right rule whether the statesman rules without laws and by force. But he also says that judges and orators possess arts that are ‘precious and related to statecraft’ (303e9-10), suggesting that law and consent will be essential to the statesman’s governance. The solution to this puzzle hangs on an elaboration of the content and teleological structure of statecraft. This expertise aims at and achieves what is beneficial (most just) to the city, and it is for the statesman to decide when laws and consent are actually beneficial. Since laws and consent are tools that typically facilitate the goals of statecraft, they are ‘marks’ of right rule, even though neither is a criterion of right rule.
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Lorettu, Liliana, Jocelyn Aubut, and Rosagemma Ciliberti. "The New Challenges for Medical Ethics." In Bioethics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94833.
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The evolution of medicine confronts healthcare professionals with new ethical challenges. Elements such as professional secrecy, patient benefit, justice in the distribution of resources are put in crisis by the evolution of medical procedures. Today, doctors must make life-and-death decisions about many patients. As the resources are not enough for all patients, the ‘first-come, first-served’ criterion crumbles under the weight of the overwhelming demand for treatment. Consequently, they can no longer make treatment decisions based only on proportionality and clinical appropriateness criteria. They must take into account the availability of resources and prioritise patients with ‘the longer life expectancy’. This amounts to saying ‘the weakest will die’ … with the doctors’ consent. While the guidelines issued by scientific societies may well protect doctors from lawsuits, the choice of who to treat and who to let die is left to the conscience of the individual doctor; and it is a choice sharply clashing with the Hippocratic oath and with professional and personal ethics. This and others are a real ethical problem.
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Sensen, Oliver. "How to Treat Someone with Respect." In Respect, 99–118. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824930.003.0005.
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Oliver Sensen analyses what, more concretely, one must do to respect someone. In order to find a universal criterion of respect, Sensen first distinguishes different usages of “respect,” such as “not using someone as a mere means,” “gaining another’s consent,” feeling esteem for someone, or being polite. Sensen argues that—while these usages are of central importance in our everyday life—they are not the universal respect that we always owe to all others. Rather, he argues, universal respect consists in not exalting oneself above others, which itself consists in not breaking rules that we regard as objectively necessary. The discovery of these necessary rules is largely an empirical matter that involves universal human needs, cultural norms, and giving others a voice in how they are treated. If one does not make an exception to these rules, one’s behavior is respectful toward all others.
Conference papers on the topic "Consent criterion"
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Ikhlef, A., K. Abed-Meraim, and D. Le Guennec. "On the Constant Modulus Criterion: A New Algorithm." In ICC 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2010.5502676.
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Garnham, J. E. "Constant Velocity Joint Material Performance Criteria." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/960572.
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Bian, Lichun, and Ai Kah Soh. "Mixed Mode Fatigue Fracture Criteria for the Plates With an Inclined Semi-Elliptical Crack." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/rsafp-14479.
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Abstract The behaviour of fatigue crack propagation of rectangular steel plates, each consisting of an inclined semi-elliptical crack, subjected to axial loading was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The inclined angle of the crack with respect to the axis of loading varied between 0° and 90°. In the present investigation, the Von Mises yield criterion was applied to define the core region, instead of a core region with a constant distance r from the crack tip. Based on Von Mises elasto-plastic boundary, the two commonly used fracture criteria, the maximum tensile stress and the minimum strain energy density criteria, were modified. The results obtained using the two improved fracture criteria were compared with those obtained using the commonly used mixed mode fracture criteria and experimental results. A mixed mode fatigue crack criterion has been established based on the experimental data.
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Ben Salem, Emna, Roberto Lopez-Valcarce, Hichem Besbes, and Sofiane Cherif. "A finite interval constant modulus criterion for multicarrier channel shortening." In 2010 European Wireless Conference (EW). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ew.2010.5483478.
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Zhao, Weicheng, Zhongran Chi, and Shusheng Zang. "Investigation of Similarity Criteria for an Internally-Cooled Turbine Vane Based on Artificial Neural Networks: Part I — Comparison of Similarity Criteria." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14617.
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Abstract This study explores the suitable criterion for the temperature and pressure modeling to measure the overall cooling effectiveness and the reason leading to modeling deviation at relatively low temperature and pressure test condition (Part II), taking the internally-cooled Mark II vane as an example. The method used in this study includes Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experiments (Part II). The average overall cooling effectiveness of the vane was selected as the target modeling parameter. After comparing the modeling error, the results show that matched-Biot number criterion has the best performance at both constant coolant temperature and temperature ratio conditions. The maximum modeling error is 6.4% and 1.2% for those two conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of these similarity criteria based on empirical correlations without the ANN model were also investigated, which is more feasible in engineering use. The accuracy of matched-Biot number criterion has an obvious decrease in this condition, but it is still the best selection at constant coolant temperature conditions. While the mass flow ratio criterion becomes the most accurate one at constant temperature ratio conditions.
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Scott-Emuakpor, Onome E., Tommy George, Casey Holycross, and Bryan Langley. "Observation of the Constant Life Criterion for Turbine Engine Component Design." In 58th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1300.
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Djigan, Victor I. "Linearly constrained adaptive arrays based on a quadratic Constant Modulus criterion." In IEEE EUROCON 2009 (EUROCON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurcon.2009.5167824.
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Suyama, Ricardo, Romis Attux, Denis Fantinato, and Jo Roman. "Some Reflections on the 35 Years of the Constant Modulus Criterion." In XXXIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações. Sociedade Brasileira de Telecomunicações, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14209/sbrt.2015.65.
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Liu, Zeng, Jinjun Liu, Weihan Bao, Yalin Zhao, and Fangcheng Liu. "A novel stability criterion of AC power system with constant power load." In 2012 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2012. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2012.6166089.
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Landau, Lukas, Rodrigo C. de Lamare, and Martin Haardt. "Robust adaptive beamforming using worst-case optimization with constrained constant modulus criterion." In 2011 17th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdsp.2011.6004906.
Full textReports on the topic "Consent criterion"
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Schuck-Zöller, Susanne, Sebastian Bathiany, Markus Dressel, Juliane El Zohbi, Elke Keup-Thiel, Diana Rechid, and Suhari Mirko. Developing criteria of successful processes in co-creative research. A formative evaluation scheme for climate services. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.541.
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Climate change and its socio-ecological impacts affect all sectors of society. To tackle the multiple risks of climate change the field of climate services evolved during the last decades. In this scientific field products to be applied in practice are developed in constant interaction between climate service providers and users. To judge the effectiveness of these co-creation endeavours, evaluation is crucial. At present, output and outcome assessments are conducted occasionally in this research field. However, the summative evaluation does not help to adjust the ongoing process of co-creation. Thus, our work focuses on the formative evaluation of co-creative development of science-based climate service products. As the first step, main characteristics of the product development process were identified empirically. Secondly, we determined the six sub- processes of climate service product development and related process steps. Thirdly, we selected the questions for the formative evaluation relevant to all the sub-processes and process-steps. Then, a literature review delivered the theoretical background for further work and revealed further quality aspects. These aspects from literature were brought together with our results from the empirical work. In the end, we created a new scheme of quality criteria and related assessment questions for the different sub-processes in climate services, based on both, empirical and theoretical work. As the authors take into account the process of co-production in a real-life case, the criteria and assessment questions proposed are operational and hands-on. The quality aspects refer to the five principles of applicability, theoretical and empirical foundation, professionalism, transparency of processes and the disclosure of preconditions. They are elaborated comprehensively in our study. The resulting formative evalu- ation scheme is novel in climate service science and practice and useful in improving the co-creation processes in climate services and beyond.
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.
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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.
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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,