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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Consensus (Social sciences)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Consensus (Social sciences)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Consensus (Social sciences)"

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Collins, Randall. "Why the social sciences won't become high-consensus, rapid-discovery science." Sociological Forum 9, no. 2 (June 1994): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01476360.

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Mamedov, Agamali Kulamovich. "SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE: THE AMBIVALENCE OF DEVELOPMENT MODELS." National Association of Scientists 1, no. 31(58) (September 14, 2020): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2020.1.58.275.

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The article declares the position of dissensus and consensus as basic models for the development of social sciences. The demarcation of natural sciences and social sciences is carried out. Attempts are being made to identify the features of "acceptance" by the scientific community. The article analyzes L. Laudan's concept of consensus in modern social knowledge.

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KLEMENTEWICZ, TADEUSZ. "ELSEVIER’S SLAVES: THE WASHINGTON CONSENSUS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES?" Society Register 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2020.4.4.09.

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This paper investigates the mechanisms of subordinating the system of science and higher education to the needs of boosting capital in the conditions of a new business model characteristic of neoliberal capitalism. The author uses as a theoretical framework of critical studies of science and higher education systems developed in Poland by Krystian Szadkowski based on political economy (Simon Marginson and Gigi Roggero). The weakness of the recently implemented reform of Polish education, the essence of which is making the status of ‘scientist’ dependent on publication in high-ranking journals belonging to publishing corporations’ oligopoly, is that the natural and technical disciplines have been places on an equal evaluation footing with social sciences and humanities. This practice impoverishes the educational and critical functions of humanities, impoverishes the research questions, impoverishes the research methodology, and consequently, their cognitive values. The assessment of the quality of a social researcher’s work, to be reliable, should include several other components—the presence of an “invisible university” in international networks (e.g. measured by selected citation indicators), but also problematization and interpretative innovation, as well as an original contribution to the achievements of the discipline. Monographs mainly document this. Qualitative expert assessment is required for evaluation. Therefore, the publication of monographs in reputable Polish and foreign publishing houses should become a showcase of the Polish social researcher, rather than contributing journal papers. In the paper, the author synthesizes his various analyses of contemporary capitalism and the role that science and the research and development sector play in accumulating capital.

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Rulkens, Charlotte C. S., Rik Peels, Lidwine B. Mokkink, Tamarinde Haven, and Lex Bouter. "Expert Consensus Methods In The Humanities - An Exploration of their Potential." F1000Research 13 (June 28, 2024): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148726.1.

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Background Expert consensus methods are regularly used in natural, social, and life sciences. This article explores the potential of applying these methods more frequently in humanities research. Methods The authors reviewed literature and applied the philosophical methods of conceptual analysis and conceptual engineering. Results This article identifies and describes six main elements of expert consensus methods. It also provides an overview of the different types of expert consensus methods regularly used in the natural, social, and life sciences: Delphi studies, nominal groups, consensus conferences, and Glaser’s state of the art method. Subsequently, each of these types is illustrated by an example from the sciences. The article also presents the potential of and objections to the application of expert consensus methods there. It gives four examples of expert consensus methods that were applied in humanities research, also presented in line with the six elements. Conclusions The comparisons and categorization show that, as in the natural, social, and life sciences, expert consensus methods in the humanities can in some instances potentially accelerate the epistemic process and enhance transparency, replicability, diversity, and fair processes. Nevertheless, expert consensus methods need to be fine-tuned to do justice to the unique nature and approaches of the humanities and therefore further research is needed.

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Rolin, Kristina. "Diversity and Dissent in the Social Sciences." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 41, no. 4 (September 8, 2010): 470–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393110381212.

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I introduce a case study from organization studies to argue that social epistemologists’ recommendation to cultivate diversity and dissent in science is unlikely to be welcomed in the social sciences unless it is coupled with another epistemic ideal: the norm of epistemic responsibility. The norm of epistemic responsibility enables me to show that organization scholars’ concern with the fragmentation of their discipline is generated by false assumptions: the assumption that a diversity of theoretical approaches will lead to fragmentation and the assumption that an imposed consensus on a theoretical approach is needed to maintain the unity of the discipline.

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Timmins, Adam. "Kuhnian Consensus & Historiography." Journal of the Philosophy of History 7, no. 1 (2013): 82–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341245.

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Abstract Thomas Kuhn’s conception of paradigms has proved tremendously popular with the social sciences, in spite of the fact that Kuhn himself stopped using the concept by the time of his death; and the idea has come in for some fairly harsh treatment by philosophers of science. In this article I examine the historiography of the Second World War, paying specific attention to internal and external mechanisms of maintaining consensus – or lack therefore – within the field to see if anything like paradigms can be said to exist in historical writing.

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Palacios-Núñez, Guadalupe, Miguel Ángel Pérez-Angón, and Pedro Simón Quiroz Armada. "A framework for research assessment in social sciences through Big Data." INCEPTUM 16, no. 31 (October 14, 2022): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33110/inceptum.v16i31.410.

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The scarce public policy funds demand cost-effective outputs and more innovative forms to inform decision making. During the last years, there has been increasing use of Big Data for research and policymaking by international development institutions. For this reason, the main objective of the present work is to propose a framework to apply Big Data in a high-relevance program for science policy in Mexico, which assesses the researchers' performance. Social sciences are considered the most difficult area to assess, due to there is no theoretical-methodological consensus and the academic impact is difficult to determine because social sciences do not exhibit long term development. Instead, there are a plurality of paradigms or changing topics that do not have consensus among the academic community. In this regard, this work outlines a framework, which includes indicators of the social contribution of science since computational tools should have an orientation.

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Dezalay, Yves, and Bryant Garth. "Le "Washington consensus"." Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 121-122, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/arss.p1998.121n1.0003.

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Dezalay, Yves, and Bryant Garth. "Le "Washington consensus"." Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 121, no. 1 (1998): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arss.1998.3241.

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Loewer, Barry, and Robert Laddaga. "Destroying the consensus." Synthese 62, no. 1 (January 1985): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00485388.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consensus (Social sciences)"

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Taylor, Dominic Alexander. "David Hume and the Search for Social Consensus." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625817.

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Brubaker, Dale M. "Predicting strength of consensus in small groups." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222009-040244/.

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Morrow, Jeffrey A. "Tracking consensus in product development teams /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10694.

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Bal, Ravtosh. "Public participation in science and technology policy: consensus conferences and social inclusion." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44773.

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This study looks at the National Citizens' Technology Forum (NCTF), a modified version of the consensus conference, which took place in March, 2008 in six cities across the U.S. to understand how inclusive these methods of public participation are in practice. The research focused on two of these sites. Inclusion of participants was defined in terms of presence, voice and being heard. Transcripts of the audio-visual recordings of the proceedings were the main data of analysis. By focusing on the talk within these deliberative forums, the study looked at how the rules of engagement and status (ascribed and achieved) differences between participants can affect inclusion. The analysis did not reveal any substantial effects of ascribed characteristics on deliberation. Facilitation and the presence of expertise among the participants were found to influence inclusion and equality among participants. These findings suggest that organizers and facilitators of deliberative exercises have to be reflexive of their role as well as aware of the group dynamics. The results also address the larger questions within science and technology policy like the role of expertise and the public in decision making, the institutional design of participatory exercises, and their relation to the political culture and the policy process.

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Verlhiac, Jean-François. "L'effet de faux consensus et jugement social : une contribution expérimentale." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20085.

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L'auteur entreprend une revue de questions de la littérature concernant l'effet de faux consensus (F. C. E), qui est l'a priori des sujets selon lequel leurs goûts ou leurs comportements sont appropriés, tandis qu'ils jugent déviantes les réponses qui divergent des leurs. Il montre que les processus cognitifs relativement généraux oeuvrent pour l'apparition du FCE. Mais, il plaide pour une large prise en compte de ce phénomène comme stratégie d'adaptation sociale du sujet aux propriétés changeantes du milieu dans lequel il est placé. C'est dans ce cadre que l'auteur montre l'importance du contexte qui conditionne l'actualisation et le renforcement ou l'affaiblissement du FCE. Plus précisément, il montre que l'ajustement des jugements de consensus aux propriétés du milieu dépend du contexte de présentation des informations à propos du consensus que les sujets croient avoir en leur possession. Enfin, l'auteur montre dans quelle mesure le contexte social génère des dynamiques de raisonnement spécifiques aux configurations qu'il prend
The author undertakes a review of questions of the literature concerning the false consensus effect (f. C. E. ), that is the tendency of a subject to think that his opinions are appropriated, while he judges opinions of others rather abnormal when they differ from its point of view. He shows that relatively general cognitive processes entail the presence of the f. C. E. But he pleads for a large taken into account of this phenomenon as social adaptation strategy of the subject to changing properties of the context in which he is placed. In this framework, the author shows the importance of the context that determines the strengthening or the weakening of the f. C. E. . More precisely, he notes that the adjustment of consensus judgements to properties of the environment depends on the context of presentation of information to purpose of the consensus that subjets believe to have in their possession. Finally, the author shows how the social context generates specific reasoning dynamics to configurations that it takes

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Polk, John W. "The effects of an expert on the small-group consensus process." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-125127/.

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Bassin, Genevieve School of Politics &amp International Relations UNSW. "The agony of human rights a discussion and eveluation of the illusive consensus." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Politics and International Relations, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30516.

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How can a normative consensus on human rights develop out of a plurality of different and conflicting ethico-cultural discourses? It is frequently assumed that any agreement on universal human rights must necessarily occur in spite of pluralism from which conflict might arise. Consequently, various images of consensus have been proposed wherein pluralism is viewed as something to be mitigated or overcome. However, such images of consensus fail to offer a satisfactory response to the original question since they fail to fully recognise the political and contestational nature of human rights discourse. This thesis aims to address questions as to how conflict and contingency, both commonly associated with pluralism, can be mediated in a way that is constructive of a particular political community, and constitutive of a vital and innovative discourse on human rights. Hence, theories on agonistic pluralism are discussed and evaluated since they address this very issue ??? the potential for struggle to act as a constructive force. Also in this thesis, a historical analysis of key milestones in the development of a human rights discourse is presented wherein it is argued that human rights have indeed been contingent upon particular instances of struggle and have found expression in a plurality of distinct ethico-cultural discourses. Finally, in order to further illustrate the adaptability of human rights to more than one ethical discourse, examples are presented in which various Muslim scholar-activists justify human rights norms according to Islamic doctrinal principles. Overall, it is the argument of this thesis that it is possible to imagine a human rights consensus, not as a ???world consensus???, but in terms of a sectional political association whose membership is culturally pluralist. In saying this, it must be acknowledged that this construction is necessarily always precarious, precisely because of the contestational, contingent and transformative nature of the discourse of human rights. Also, although only sectional in terms of its support base, the ???consensus??? I describe necessarily strives to become a universal consensus. While universal respect for human rights is ultimately illusive, in view of the universalism of human rights as a discourse, to strive for anything less is unacceptable. In the end, the constant struggle to establish a universal consensus on human rights is precisely that which effects positive, practical change.

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Lai, Wing-pang. "Consensus building in planning in Hong Kong : a case study of Southeast Kowloon development /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25248388.

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Campos, Thiago Manchini de 1981. "Brasil, um pais de todos : lingua, liberdade e cidadania (por uma analise dos discursos e politicas publicas educacionais)." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269026.

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Orientador: Carolina Maria Rodriguez Zuccolillo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T05:38:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_ThiagoManchinide_M.pdf: 786161 bytes, checksum: 9d189f5dd27c5c93bb7a5f293eea5696 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os sentidos das noções de liberdade e cidadania no discurso político educacional brasileiro, de forma a verificar o sentido destas no processo de construção e funcionamento do consenso. Sendo estas noções provenientes da Grécia Antiga, acreditamos que contribuiria para a pesquisa acompanhar o seu percurso histórico, passando pela Idade Média, Revolução Francesa e Revolução Industrial, desembocando no Brasil do século XX. Tendo em vista explicitar o histórico na constituição de sentidos, o corpus foi constituído por recortes das Leis de Diretrizes e Bases de 1961, 1971 e 1996; das Constituições de 1946, 1967 (e a respectiva Emenda Constitucional de 1969) e 1988; e dos PCNs de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental e as Bases Legais dos PCNs do Ensino Médio. Lançando mão a algumas ferramentas propostas pela Análise de Discurso, decidimos focar nos capítulos e artigos que dizem respeito à temática do projeto, de forma a fazer uma análise caracterizada pela verticalidade. Concluímos que os sentidos de liberdade e cidadania são apresentados nos respectivos documentos como a priori, nunca sendo discutidos. A análise mostrou que, no que diz respeito à cidadania, os documentos são contraditórios, sendo esta apresentada como um direito constitucional, mas também como algo a ser "conquistado" via instrução, sendo que o domínio da "Língua Nacional" tem um papel importante. Neste sentido, a escola, metáfora da cidade urbanizada, espaço de visibilidade, de produção de saberes sobre o indivíduo, é o espaço onde o aluno pode "vir a ser cidadão". Operando dentro de uma lógica consensual de apagamento das diferenças, a escola disciplina o indivíduo, tratando todos como iguais. Desta forma, a análise mostrou que cidadão é o indivíduo escolarizado, sendo liberdade e cidadania práticas ideológicas às quais este tem que se submeter, ocasionando a produção de uma divisão entre o cidadão e o não-cidadão brasileiro
Abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the meanings of the notions of freedom and citizenship in the Brazilian political educational discourse, allowing to verify the meaning of these in the process of construction and functioning of the consensus. The fact that these notions proceed from ancient Greece, we believed that it would contribute to this research to follow their historical course, passing by the Middle Ages, the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution and ending in Brazil on the 20th century. With the objective of expliciting the role of the historical in the constitution of meanings, the corpus was constituted by clippings of the "Leis de Diretrizes e Bases" of 1961, 1971 and 1996; the Federal Constitutions of 1946, 1967 (and the respective Constitutional Amendment of 1969) and 1988; the PCNs of Portuguese Language of Basic School and the Legal Bases of the PCNs of High School. Using some tools proposed by the Discourse Analysis, we decide to focus on the chapters and articles that are connected to the thematic of the project, vertically characterizing the analysis. We concluded that the meanings of freedom and citizenship are presented "a priori" in the respective documents, never being discussed. The analysis showed that the documents are contradictory in what says respect to the citizenship. It is presented as a constitutional right, but also as something "to be conquered" by way of instruction. In this process, the domain of the "National Language" has an important role. The school, metaphor of the urbanized city, space of visibility, production of knowledge about the individual, is the space where the student can "come to be a citizen". Operating inside a consensual logic of deletion of the differences, the school disciplines the individual, treating all as equal. In such a way, the analysis showed that the citizen is the schoolarized individual, being freedom and citizenship ideological practices, to which the individual has to submit itself, causing to the production of a division between the citizen and the Brazilian non-citizen
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Grosso, Laura Margaret. "Computing collaboration : a study of the potential of model building to facilitate urban water supply planning in selected cities of Zimbabwe, Estonia, and Sweden /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10804.

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Books on the topic "Consensus (Social sciences)"

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1970-, Joseph Jonathan, ed. Social theory: A reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005.

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Niepokornych, Oficyna, ed. Consensus tak, ale. Wrocław: Oficyna Niepokornych, 1987.

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Joseph, Jonathan. Social theory: Conflict, cohesion and consent. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003.

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Catherine, Paoletti, ed. Les animaux malades du consensus. Paris: Lignes, 2010.

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Dreu, Carsten K. W. de and Vries N. K. de, eds. Group consensus and minority influence: Implications for innovation. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.

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Andrew, Kakabadse, and Kakabadse Nada, eds. Bilderberg people: Elite power and consensus in world affairs. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011.

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Scott, Jon. Achieving consensus: Tools and techniques. Menlo Park, Calif: Crisp Publications, 1996.

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Guillaume, Sylvie. Le consensus à la française. Paris: Belin, 2002.

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DeMarrais, Elizabeth. The archaeology of coalition and consensus. London: Routledge, 2016.

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Bausch, Kenneth C. The Emerging Consensus in Social Systems Theory. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Consensus (Social sciences)"

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Martini, Carlo. "Seeking Consensus in the Social Sciences." In Ethical Economy, 115–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08551-7_6.

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Van Bouwel, Jeroen. "The Problem With(out) Consensus: The Scientific Consensus, Deliberative Democracy and Agonistic Pluralism." In The Social Sciences and Democracy, 121–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230246867_7.

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Pruzan, Peter, and Ole Thyssen. "Conflict & Consensus: Ethical Operational Research." In Operational Research and the Social Sciences, 579–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0789-1_86.

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Manera, Karine, Camilla S. Hanson, Talia Gutman, and Allison Tong. "Consensus Methods: Nominal Group Technique." In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 737–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_100.

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Manera, Karine, Camilla Hanson, Talia Gutman, and Allison Tong. "Consensus Methods: Nominal Group Technique." In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2779-6_100-1.

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Ouattara, Hadja F., Daouda Ahmat, Fréderic T. Ouédraogo, Tegawendé F. Bissyandé, and Oumarou Sié. "Blockchain Consensus Protocols." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 304–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98827-6_29.

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Tavares, L. Valadares, and R. Ferreira dos Santos. "Conflict Management in Cooperative Games: Searching for Consensus and Convergence." In Operational Research and the Social Sciences, 597–602. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0789-1_89.

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de Oca, Marco A. Montes, Eliseo Ferrante, Alexander Scheidler, and Louis F. Rossi. "Binary Consensus via Exponential Smoothing." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 244–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03473-7_22.

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Rharbi, Nassime El, Hicham Atteriuas, Ali Younes, Abdelali Harchaoui, and Oumaima Izem. "A Comparative Study of the Recent Blockchain Consensus Algorithms." In Atlantis Highlights in Social Sciences, Education and Humanities, 316–27. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-360-3_32.

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Carter, Simon A., Allison Tong, Jonathan C. Craig, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, and Karine E. Manera. "Consensus Methods for Health Research in a Global Setting." In Handbook of Social Sciences and Global Public Health, 959–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25110-8_65.

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Conference papers on the topic "Consensus (Social sciences)"

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Pestean, Valeria. "Consensus and tendencies in learning approach management." In 4th Annual International Conference on Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.05.18.

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Mishuchkov, Andrey, and Sergei Nizhnikov. "Equivational Consensus as a Principle Dialogical Communication." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cesses-18.2018.82.

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Soshnev, Aleksandr. "A CONSENSUS INDICATOR OF SOCIAL HEALTH IN THE FRAMEWORK OF STATE POLICY." In 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/33/s12.001.

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Coroiu, Petruta-Maria. "THE PSALMS OF DAVID � TEXTUAL CONSENSUS IN THE MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURY." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/hb61/s16.62.

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Roro Maha Kalyana Mitta Anggoro, Raden, and Harpang Yudha Karyawanto. "Patrol Music as an Interaction Bond in Pandalunganese People: A Functional-Structural and Consensus Study." In Proceedings of the Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Conference (SoSHEC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/soshec-19.2019.45.

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Mertha Sujana, I. Putu Windu, Sukadi Sukadi, Si Ngurah Ardhya, I. Made Riyan Cahyadi, and Ni Made Widya Sari. "Consensus State of The Hindu Community in Bali." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Law, Social Sciences, and Education, ICLSSE 2021, 09 September 2021, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-9-2021.2313657.

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Li, Gang, and Jing Cao. "Study on Reaching a Consensus in the Collaborative Network-editing -- A Case Study of Wikipedia." In 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-18.2018.357.

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Fu, Jingwen. "Can Entrepreneurial Team Heterogeneity Promote Innovation Performance: The Moderating Effects of Strategic Consensus and Team Cohesion." In 2022 7th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220405.040.

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Arsyad, Rahmad, and Endang Sari. "Peace Consensus of The Political Identity In Mamasa District." In Proceedings of the 1st Hasanuddin International Conference on Social and Political Sciences, HICOSPOS 2019, 21-22 October 2019, Makassar, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-10-2019.2291528.

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Huang, Wenli. "The Realistic Enlightenment of "Harmony and Integration" Thought on Consensus of Core Socialist Values." In Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Education, Culture and Social Sciences (ECSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ecss-19.2019.85.

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Reports on the topic "Consensus (Social sciences)"

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Lang, Jonas. Multilevel Modeling in R: Basic and Advanced Methods. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/aac2dxlrxcebk469.

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The seminar teaches basic and intermediate multilevel techniques used in the social, health, and organizational sciences in an accessible manner. The course relies on the free software R and the modeling packages lme4 and nlme along with help functions and datasets from the multilevel library (Bliese, 2021). Topics include (1) aggregation models and the use of agreement and reliability statistics like the ICC1, ICC2, and rwg, (2) model specification and interpretation of “standard” multilevel models used in organizational research (data centering, random slopes, interaction effects), (3) graphical methods to examine model assumptions, and (4) useful extensions of the standard model to test phenomena such as cross-classified multilevel models and consensus emergence in groups. An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. For European PhD students, each seminar offers 2 ECTS Equivalent points.

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Mayne, Alison, Christina Noble, Paula Duffy, Kirsten Gow, Alexander Glasgow, Kevin O’Neill, Jeni Reid, and Diana Valero. Navigating Digital Ethics for Rural Research: Guidelines and recommendations for researchers and administrators of social media groups. DigiEthics: Navigating Digital Ethics for Rural Research, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/22326.

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Social media creates new spaces for connecting people digitally and provides a forum for the exchange of information and discussion. Online spaces such as Facebook groups (FGs) have become part of the fabric of social interaction in many rural areas, with both residents and others living away from the community maintaining a connection in the virtual space. Community FGs are routinely used to share place-based information about resources, events or issues, and to discuss topics of shared interest. In research, these groups allow researchers to connect directly with people who have an interest in what happens within specific communities and offer rich opportunities for participants to likewise engage with research. We can reflect on how FGs in rural communities have the potential to enhance and/or complement existing approaches by making research with dispersed communities more accessible and affordable, while considering challenges around confidentiality and digital inclusion given the characteristics and size of the population. Social media has developed at pace during the last decade, and digital ethics is a shifting methods sub-field that poses challenges to social sciences and humanities researchers. Apart from platforms’ changing terms and conditions, research with and on social media groups has specific ethical challenges (e.g. around anonymity, confidentiality, and data access) that require tailored consideration. In particular, when approaching netnography and similar methods with social media groups, dialogic approaches which aim to engage, respect and protect participants are critical. There is consensus on the need to agree the access conditions with the group administrator as a first step, but there is no guidance on good practice on developing these conditions. To create these guidelines, we have worked collaboratively across disciplines and with administrators of Facebook groups to explore what such process could look like: aspects to address, pros and cons of potential approaches, and potential challenges and solutions.

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Lang, Jonas. Multilevel Modeling in R: Basic and Advanced Methods + 1 Free Seminar. Instats Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/sw0snl2upp0gv469.

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The hands-on seminar teaches basic and intermediate multilevel techniques used in the social, health, and organizational sciences in an accessible manner. The course relies on the free software R and the modeling packages lme4 and nlme along with help functions and datasets from the multilevel library (Bliese, 2021). Topics include (1) aggregation models and the use of agreement and reliability statistics like the ICC1, ICC2, and rwg, (2) model specification and interpretation of “standard” multilevel models used in organizational research (data centering, random slopes, interaction effects), (3) graphical methods to examine model assumptions, and (4) useful extensions of the standard model to test phenomena such as cross-classified multilevel models and consensus emergence in groups. When purchasing the seminar you will be freely enrolled in an on-demand seminar on multilevel SEM in R by Professor Zyphur, helping you to extend your multilevel learning and offering a substantial value. An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. For European PhD students, each seminar offers 2 ECTS Equivalent points.

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Buesseler, Buessele, Daniele Bianchi, Fei Chai, Jay T. Cullen, Margaret Estapa, Nicholas Hawco, Seth John, et al. Paths forward for exploring ocean iron fertilization. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/67120.

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We need a new way of talking about global warming. UN Secretary General António Guterres underscored this when he said the “era of global boiling” has arrived. Although we have made remarkable progress on a very complex problem over the past thirty years, we have a long way to go before we can keep the global temperature increase to below 2°C relative to the pre-industrial times. Climate models suggest that this next decade is critical if we are to avert the worst consequences of climate change. The world must continue to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and find ways to adapt and build resilience among vulnerable communities. At the same time, we need to find new ways to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in order to chart a “net negative” emissions pathway. Given their large capacity for carbon storage, the oceans must be included in consideration of our multiple carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options. This report focused on ocean iron fertilization (OIF) for marine CDR. This is by no means a new scientific endeavor. Several members of ExOIS (Exploring Ocean Iron Solutions) have been studying this issue for decades, but the emergence of runaway climate impacts has motivated this group to consider a responsible path forward for marine CDR. That path needs to ensure that future choices are based upon the best science and social considerations required to reduce human suffering and counter economic and ecological losses, while limiting and even reversing the negative impacts that climate change is already having on the ocean and the rest of the planet. Prior studies have confirmed that the addition of small amounts of iron in some parts of the ocean is effective at stimulating phytoplankton growth. Through enhanced photosynthesis, carbon dioxide can not only be removed from the atmosphere but a fraction can also be transferred to durable storage in the deep sea. However, prior studies were not designed to quantify how effective this storage can be, or how wise OIF might be as a marine CDR approach. ExOIS is a consortium that was created in 2022 to consider what OIF studies are needed to answer critical questions about the potential efficiency and ecological impacts of marine CDR (http://oceaniron.org). Owing to concerns surrounding the ethics of marine CDR, ExOIS is organized around a responsible code of conduct that prioritizes activities for the collective benefit of our planet with an emphasis on open and transparent studies that include public engagement. Our goal is to establish open-source conventions for implementing OIF for marine CDR that can be assessed with appropriate monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols, going beyond just carbon accounting, to assess ecological and other non-carbon environmental effects (eMRV). As urgent as this is, it will still take 5 to 10 years of intensive work and considerable resources to accomplish this goal. We present here a “Paths Forward’’ report that stems from a week-long workshop held at the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in May 2023 that was attended by international experts spanning atmospheric, oceanographic, and social sciences as well as legal specialists (see inside back cover). At the workshop, we reviewed prior OIF studies, distilled the lessons learned, and proposed several paths forward over the next decade to lay the foundation for evaluating OIF for marine CDR. Our discussion very quickly resulted in a recommendation for the need to establish multiple “Ocean Iron Observatories’’ where, through observations and modeling, we would be able to assess with a high degree of certainty both the durable removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide—which we term the “centennial tonne”—and the ecological response of the ocean. In a five-year phase I period, we prioritize five major research activities: 1. Next generation field studies: Studies of long-term (durable) carbon storage will need to be longer (year or more) and larger (>10,000 km2) than past experiments, organized around existing tools and models, but with greater reliance on autonomous platforms. While prior studies suggested that ocean systems return to ambient conditions once iron infusion is stopped, this needs to be verified. We suggest that these next field experiments take place in the NE Pacific to assess the processes controlling carbon removal efficiencies, as well as the intended and unintended ecological and geochemical consequences. 2. Regional, global and field study modeling Incorporation of new observations and model intercomparisons are essential to accurately represent how iron cycling processes regulate OIF effects on marine ecosystems and carbon sequestration, to support experimental planning for large-scale MRV, and to guide decision making on marine CDR choices. 3. New forms of iron and delivery mechanisms Rigorous testing and comparison of new forms of iron and their potential delivery mechanisms is needed to optimize phytoplankton growth while minimizing the financial and carbon costs of OIF. Efficiency gains are expected to generate responses closer to those of natural OIF events. 4. Monitoring, reporting, and verification: Advances in observational technologies and platforms are needed to support the development, validation, and maintenance of models required for MRV of large-scale OIF deployment. In addition to tracking carbon storage and efficiency, prioritizing eMRV will be key to developing regulated carbon markets. 5. Governance and stakeholder engagement: Attention to social dimensions, governance, and stakeholder perceptions will be essential from the start, with particular emphasis on expanding the diversity of groups engaged in marine CDR across the globe. This feedback will be a critical component underlying future decisions about whether to proceed, or not, with OIF for marine CDR. Paramount in the plan is the need to move carefully. Our goal is to conduct these five activities in parallel to inform decisions steering the establishment of ocean iron observatories at multiple locations in phase II. When completed, this decadal plan will provide a rich knowledge base to guide decisions about if, when, where, and under what conditions OIF might be responsibly implemented for marine CDR. The consensus of our workshop and this report is that now is the time for actionable studies to begin. Quite simply, we suggest that some form of marine CDR will be essential to slow down and reverse the most severe consequences of our disrupted climate. OIF has the potential to be one of these climate mitigation strategies. We have the opportunity and obligation to invest in the knowledge necessary to ensure that we can make scientifically and ethically sound decisions for the future of our planet.

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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).

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Clinical research in resource-limited settings. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56759/cyqe7288.

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Evidence generated through responsible clinical research is one of the major pillars of the advancement of health care. In past decades there has been tremendous progress in the clinical research and development (R & D) environment globally, with increasing attention being paid to the health needs of people in resource-limited settings, where most of the preventable morbidity and mortality occurs. However, financial, social, ethical and regulatory challenges persist in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and most clinical research today is still being conducted in and for high-income countries (HICs). The aim of this report is to provide balanced arguments to promote scientifically sound good quality clinical research in low-resource settings. The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) is an international, non-governmental, non-profit organization with the mission to advance public health through guidance on health research and policy including ethics, medical product development and safety. This report reflects the consensus opinion of the CIOMS Working Group on Clinical Research in Resource-Limited Settings, and was finalized in line with comments received during public consultation. The report is intended for governments and regulatory authorities, the research community and sponsors, as well as international organizations involved in funding or conducting research. The report provides a comprehensive set of recommendations to all major stakeholders. While it builds on the 2016 CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans, it is not intended to supersede those guidelines.

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Advancing integrated social and behavior change programming. Population Council, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2019.1000.

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In recent years, social and behavior change (SBC) programming has experienced a notable shift away from a vertical approach focusing on one health or development topic to integrated approaches concerning multiple health or development issues or outcomes under the same program. To help address important evidence gaps in SBC programming, Breakthrough RESEARCH worked with a range of SBC experts to generate a research and learning agenda that includes a core set of consensus-driven, prioritized implementation science questions. Implementation science research is well-suited to the challenges of SBC because it assesses interventions taking place in real-world contexts and factors in various social, structural, economic, and political realities from multiple perspectives. Implementation science research also examines the process and results of implementation. It has an explicit focus on how to introduce potential solutions into a health system or promote large-scale use and sustainability. This research and learning agenda builds on longstanding investments to improve SBC. It is designed to generate knowledge that can help focus the global SBC community, development partners, and donors on the most important questions related to the effectiveness and efficiency of integrated SBC programs.

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Achieving Good Governance and Management in the South African Health System. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2024/95.

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ASSAf recognises the societal mandate to contribute evidence-based solutions to national and global priority challenges. Through rigorous consensus studies, we strive to achieve science-to-policy advice to government, to support decision making in the formulation and implementation of policies. In September 2020, ASSAf appointed a voluntary seven-member consensus study panel, comprising expert practitioners from various disciplines within South African public health and health systems, to comprehensively examine the pillars which support Achieving Good Governance and Management in the South African Health System. This report encapsulates the culmination of the panel’s work, offering a detailed study of governance challenges within the South African health system, underscoring the multifaceted nature of governance deficiencies and their profound implications as well as highlighting the possibilities for positive action. The recommendations address the key governance elements of strategic vision and policy design, participation and consensus, accountability, transparency and protection against corruption. Commitment to the recommendations will strengthen governance and leadership of the current health system and move us closer toward achieving quality Universal Health Coverage (UHC).

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Advancing provider behavior change programming. Population Council, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2019.1001.

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Service providers play a fundamental role in health promotion and disease prevention, care, and overall well-being of their clients and communities. Effective client-provider interaction is pivotal for consistent demand and uptake of health services. Various approaches such as training, supportive supervision, and financial incentives have been used to address improving client-provider interaction with mixed results. Although there are examples of innovative and effective ways to influence provider behavior, opportunities exist to explore and expand the knowledge base. To help address important evidence gaps, Breakthrough RESEARCH worked in partnership with a range of social and behavior change (SBC) and service delivery partners to generate a research and learning agenda that includes a core set of consensus-driven, prioritized implementation science questions related to provider behavior change (PBC). This brief highlights: 1) the importance of addressing provider behavior to improve behavioral and health outcomes; 2) gaps in the existing evidence base for PBC programming; 3) the priority research and learning questions and the consensus-driven process used to derive them; and 4) the roles of key stakeholders for putting the learning agenda into action.

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Exploring the Prospects of Using 3D Printing Technology in the South African Human Settlements. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0074.

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South Africa is a country with significant socio-economic development challenges, with the majority of South Africans having limited or non-existent access to basic infrastructure, services, housing and socio-economic opportunities etc. The urban housing backlog currently exceeds 2.4 million houses, with many families living in informal settlements. The Breaking New Grounds Policy, 2014 for the creation of sustainable human settlements, acknowledges the challenges facing human settlements, such as, decreasing human settlements grants allocation, increasing housing backlog, mushrooming of informal settlements and urbanisation. The White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), 2019 notes that South Africa has not yet fully benefited from the potential of STI in addressing the socio-economic challenges and seeks to support the circular economy principles which entail a systematic change of moving to a zero or low waste resource-efficient society. Further to this, the Science and Technology Roadmap’s intention is to unlock the potential of South Africa’s human settlements for a decent standard of living through the smart uptake of science, technology and innovation. One such novel technology is the Three-Dimensional (3D) printing technology, which has produced numerous incredible structures around the world. 3D printing is a computer-controlled industrial manufacturing process which encompasses additive means of production to create 3D shapes. The effects of such a technology have a potential to change the world we live in and could subsequently pave the roadmap to improve on housing delivery and reduce the negative effects of conventional construction methods on the environment. To this end, the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), in partnership with the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) and the University of Johannesburg (UJ) hosted the second virtual IID seminar titled: Exploring the Prospects of Using 3D Printing Technology in the South African Human Settlements, on 01 March 2021 to explore the potential use of 3D printing technology in human settlements. The webinar presented preliminary findings from a study conducted by UJ, addressing the following topics: 1. The viability of 3D printing technology 2. Cost comparison of 3D printed house to conventional construction 3. Preliminary perceptions on 3D printing of houses Speakers included: Dr Jennifer Mirembe (NDoHS), Dr Jeffrey Mahachi, Mr Refilwe Lediga, Mr Khululekani Ntakana and Dr Luxien Ariyan, all from UJ. There was a unanimous consensus that collaborative efforts from all stakeholders are key to take advantage of this niche technology. @ASSAf_Official; @dsigovza; @go2uj; @The_DHS; #SA 3D_Printing; #3D Print_Housing; #IID

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