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Mohr, Alison, and n/a. "A New Policy-Making Instrument? The First Australian Consensus Conference." Griffith University. School of Humanities, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030707.075312.
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Consensus conferences evolved as a response to the public's increasing dissatisfaction with technocratic decision-making processes that are judged to have repeatedly failed to serve its interests. The staging of the first Australian consensus conference at Old Parliament House in Canberra in March 1999 therefore presented an ideal opportunity to analyse the evolution of this new kind of policy input from its conception through to its implementation and subsequent evaluation. This thesis set out to provide an analysis of that trajectory using elements of the theoretical approach known as actor-network theory (ANT). Previous analyses of consensus conferences have generally provided only limited evaluations of single aspects of the entire process of setting up, implementing and evaluating such a conference. Furthermore, many of the early evaluations were conducted by reviewers or units which were themselves internal to the consensus conference under scrutiny. My own analysis has tried to offer broader, although inevitably less detailed, coverage, using a perspective from contemporary social theory that offers particular advantages in analysing the creation of short-term networks designed for specific purposes. By describing and analysing the role of this relatively new policy-making instrument, I have explored the different sub-networks that operate within the consensus conference process by focussing on the ways in which the conference was organised and how the relationships between the organisers and the participants helped to shape the outcomes. Thus the entire consensus conference sequence from idea to outcome can be thought of as a construction of a network to achieve at least one immediate goal. That goal was a single potential policy input, a consensus position embodied in the report of the lay panel. To realise that goal, the network needed to be recruited and stabilised and its members made to converge on that collective statement. But how is it that a range of disparate actors, including lay and expert, are mobilised to achieve that particular goal and what are the stabilisation devices which enable, or fail to enable this goal to be reached? In the context of the first Australian consensus conference, three key alignment devices emerged: texts, money and people. Yet it is clear from the evidence that some of these network stabilisation devices functioned poorly or not at all. This thesis has drawn attention to the areas in which they were weak and what importance that weakness had for the kind of policy outcome the consensus conference achieved. The role and extent of these powerful stabilisation devices in networks was therefore a vital issue for analysis. If one of the criteria to evaluate the success of a consensus conference is that it provides the stimulus to hold another, then the Australian conference must be deemed so far a failure. No further Australian consensus conference is planned. However, Australia stands to forfeit a number of advantages if no further consensus conferences or similar occasions are organised. Policy formation in contemporary democracies has had to accommodate an increasing array of new participants in order to track more effectively the diversity of potentially significant opinions on complex policy issues. This process requires new and transparent ways to educate and inform the public on policy issues and to ensure that policy makers are better informed about the needs and concerns of their community. As the evidence presented in thesis for the Australian example and its predecessors overseas suggests, consensus conferences have the potential to play a role in the contemporary policy-making context. But the realisation of that potential will vary according to their institutional contexts and the capacity of the actors to create the temporarily most stable and productive network out of the heterogeneous human and material resources to hand.
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Mohr, Alison. "A New Policy-Making Instrument? The First Australian Consensus Conference." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366462.
Full textAbstract:
Consensus conferences evolved as a response to the public's increasing dissatisfaction with technocratic decision-making processes that are judged to have repeatedly failed to serve its interests. The staging of the first Australian consensus conference at Old Parliament House in Canberra in March 1999 therefore presented an ideal opportunity to analyse the evolution of this new kind of policy input from its conception through to its implementation and subsequent evaluation. This thesis set out to provide an analysis of that trajectory using elements of the theoretical approach known as actor-network theory (ANT). Previous analyses of consensus conferences have generally provided only limited evaluations of single aspects of the entire process of setting up, implementing and evaluating such a conference. Furthermore, many of the early evaluations were conducted by reviewers or units which were themselves internal to the consensus conference under scrutiny. My own analysis has tried to offer broader, although inevitably less detailed, coverage, using a perspective from contemporary social theory that offers particular advantages in analysing the creation of short-term networks designed for specific purposes. By describing and analysing the role of this relatively new policy-making instrument, I have explored the different sub-networks that operate within the consensus conference process by focussing on the ways in which the conference was organised and how the relationships between the organisers and the participants helped to shape the outcomes. Thus the entire consensus conference sequence from idea to outcome can be thought of as a construction of a network to achieve at least one immediate goal. That goal was a single potential policy input, a consensus position embodied in the report of the lay panel. To realise that goal, the network needed to be recruited and stabilised and its members made to converge on that collective statement. But how is it that a range of disparate actors, including lay and expert, are mobilised to achieve that particular goal and what are the stabilisation devices which enable, or fail to enable this goal to be reached? In the context of the first Australian consensus conference, three key alignment devices emerged: texts, money and people. Yet it is clear from the evidence that some of these network stabilisation devices functioned poorly or not at all. This thesis has drawn attention to the areas in which they were weak and what importance that weakness had for the kind of policy outcome the consensus conference achieved. The role and extent of these powerful stabilisation devices in networks was therefore a vital issue for analysis. If one of the criteria to evaluate the success of a consensus conference is that it provides the stimulus to hold another, then the Australian conference must be deemed so far a failure. No further Australian consensus conference is planned. However, Australia stands to forfeit a number of advantages if no further consensus conferences or similar occasions are organised. Policy formation in contemporary democracies has had to accommodate an increasing array of new participants in order to track more effectively the diversity of potentially significant opinions on complex policy issues. This process requires new and transparent ways to educate and inform the public on policy issues and to ensure that policy makers are better informed about the needs and concerns of their community. As the evidence presented in thesis for the Australian example and its predecessors overseas suggests, consensus conferences have the potential to play a role in the contemporary policy-making context. But the realisation of that potential will vary according to their institutional contexts and the capacity of the actors to create the temporarily most stable and productive network out of the heterogeneous human and material resources to hand.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities
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Bal, Ravtosh. "Public participation in science and technology policy: consensus conferences and social inclusion." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44773.
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This study looks at the National Citizens' Technology Forum (NCTF), a modified version of the consensus conference, which took place in March, 2008 in six cities across the U.S. to understand how inclusive these methods of public participation are in practice. The research focused on two of these sites. Inclusion of participants was defined in terms of presence, voice and being heard. Transcripts of the audio-visual recordings of the proceedings were the main data of analysis. By focusing on the talk within these deliberative forums, the study looked at how the rules of engagement and status (ascribed and achieved) differences between participants can affect inclusion. The analysis did not reveal any substantial effects of ascribed characteristics on deliberation. Facilitation and the presence of expertise among the participants were found to influence inclusion and equality among participants. These findings suggest that organizers and facilitators of deliberative exercises have to be reflexive of their role as well as aware of the group dynamics. The results also address the larger questions within science and technology policy like the role of expertise and the public in decision making, the institutional design of participatory exercises, and their relation to the political culture and the policy process.
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Joss, Simon A. "The role of participation in institutionalised technology assessment : a case study of consensus conferences." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7718.
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González, Galván Paula Caryan. "Procesos participativos en estudios de ciencia y tecnología. El caso de una conferencia ciudadana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310404.
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La presente tesis se basa en un caso de estudio dentro del área de los Estudios de Ciencia y Tecnología (STS sus siglas en inglés). El autor examinó etnográficamente el desarrollo de una experiencia participativa basada en el modelo de Conferencias de Consenso desarrollado en Dinamarca. Este mecanismo se caracteriza por la conformación de un panel de ciudadanos legos, la promoción de la interacción de los ciudadanos legos con expertos en la temática en discusión y la elaboración de un informe final. La conferencia de consenso analizada estaba interesada por la relación entre las nuevas tecnologías y la vida cotidiana de las personas mayores. Este modelo de conferencia presentó algunas modificaciones con el objetivo de adaptar el mecanismo a los participantes evitar que sean los miembros del panel quienes se adapten al mecanismo. Este trabajo de investigación presenta una descripción densa de la experiencia del autor como observador participante y al mismo tiempo desarrolla su análisis a partir de algunos conceptos teóricos del campo de los STS. Especialmente se hace uso de las nociones de Foros Híbridos y Procesos de Inscripción. El lector podrá adentrarse en la experiencia de la elaboración de un mecanismo con estas características, en compañía de las interpretaciones del autor y de comentarios de los propios participantes. Como finalidad última, este trabajo pretender contribuir a la devolución de resultados para aquellos que fueron parte del proceso participativo estudiado.This thesis is based on a case study in the area of Science and Technology Studies (STS). The author was immersed in the development of a participatory experience based on the model of Consensus Conferences used in Denmark. This mechanism is characterized by a process of formation of a panel composed for lay people (a.k.a citizen panel), the fostering of citizens-expert interaction and the construction of a final report. The consensus conference under analysis was focused on the relationship between new technologies and older people’s daily life. This conference introduced some modifications in order to adapt the mechanism to the participants and to avoid the members of the panel to adapt themselves to the mechanism. This research presents a thick description of the author's experience as a participant observer and at the same time develops an analysis which is grounded in some theoretical concepts from the field of STS. Concretely, the notions of Hybrid Forums and Inscription Processes were employed. The reader can experience the development of a mechanism with these features along with the author's interpretations and comments from the participants. As ultimate goal, this work expects to contribute to “the return” for those who were part of the participatory process studied.
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PLACINES, BERTRAND. "La conference de consensus : une technique d'evaluation ?" Angers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ANGE1090.
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Dawson, Lesley J. "Recommending core outcome measures for adults with musculoskeletal knee conditions : a consensus development conference." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601667.
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Musculoskeletal knee conditions present a growing burden for community based rehabilitation. Outcome measures profile current health status, detect change and evaluate response to interventions. There is, however, an abundance of outcome measures but no recommendation on which to use or what data to collect, leading to widespread variation in practice. The purpose of this study was to identify those outcome measures with robust scientific evidence for adults undergoing conservative treatment of musculoskeletal knee conditions and establish, through consensus with clinicians, researchers and patients, which are acceptable and feasible for use in community based settings. An investigation of current clinical practice in NHS Scotland profiled data collection and outcome measure use in community rehabilitation. Evidenced based, validated patient vignettes were developed to establish the scope of the study. The literature reporting and testing the clinimetric properties of outcome measures was systematically reviewed and the OMERACT filters of 'truth' and 'discrimination' applied to the data for each outcome measure by an expert panel. Those measures meeting predefined quality thresholds were presented to a national Consensus Development Conference where delegates voted on their acceptability and feasibility, followed by wider public consultation. None of the 37 outcome measures identified had been fully tested or were fully supported with sufficient quality and breadth of evidence for all components of the OMERACT filter, only ten met the preset criteria for 'truth' and 'discrimination' . Five were presented to Conference and two (Lysholm and WOMAC) were subsequently recommended for use in clinical practice. Barriers to implementation included time, administration and cost. This thesis reports on a study to recommend a core set of outcome measures that could facilitate standardisation of data collection and demonstrate effectiveness of interventions for adults with musculoskeletal conditions of the knee. It captures thoughts and concerns of clinicians on the introduction of a minimum core set of outcome measures.
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Maigret, Isabelle. "Impact de la 10eme conference de consensus sur l'epuration digestive lors des intoxications aigues : etude de 200 dossiers du centre anti-poisons de rennes." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN1M101.
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Ceugnart, Luc. "La radiographie du crane dans le bilan des traumatismes craniens : de la conference de consensus a l'application quotidienne au chru de lille ; a propos de 93 dossiers." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M176.
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Helms, Christopher. "Consensus on a Specialist Clinical Learning and Teaching Framework for Australian Nurse Practitioners." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2017. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/076a30ffd066dd97be47f344a5e7e97fccc7dfc2f30d6d180e730e48a5209ea7/81980443/HELMS_2017_THESIS.pdf.
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Background
The Australian nurse practitioner (NP) role is represented by over 1,400 endorsed NPs practising in over 50 different specialty areas. Generic standards have broadly supported the role’s behavioural, professional and expanded practice expectations since 2006, and have been used for the accreditation of NP Masters programmes nationally.
The need for consistent and flexible specialty clinical education for NP students has been described in the Australian literature. The clinical learning and teaching of Australian NP specialty roles has traditionally occurred in the student’s workplace, within a specified area of practice. Jurisdictional differences at state/territory and local levels have influenced how NP students develop and enact their roles once endorsed. Factors such as the student’s clinical supervisor, local legislation and policy, role ambiguity, restrictive local clinical guidelines and protocols influence what NP students learn in their clinical learning environments. These factors contribute to a highly differentiated NP workforce, with differing clinical skills, knowledge and abilities noted within the same specialty area. Similar difficulties have led to the development of broad specialty areas in the United States of America. To better complement the generic learning and teaching students receive through their academic programmes, this research aims to validate a specialist clinical learning and teaching framework for Australian nurse practitioners. This framework will not only enhance consistency in their specialty clinical learning and teaching, but create greater workforce flexibility.
A consensus-based research methodology was needed to validate the specialty clinical learning and teaching framework. Delphi Technique is a consensus-based research methodology commonly employed in nursing research to explore solutions to questions that have unclear or indeterminate answers. It aims to achieve a pre-determined level of consensus on a research question, using content experts through an anonymous and iterative process. Critical to the method’s validity is the participation of a heterogeneous group of experts with advanced knowledge of the content area, and whose feedback to other panelists is controlled to minimise social influence. Individual participant characteristics, such as experience level and confidence in decision-making, and the influence of these upon consensus are poorly described in the Delphi literature. There was little previous empirical research to inform how to best describe heterogeneity of opinion informing the specialty clinical learning and teaching framework using nurse practitioners. Aims - To validate a specialty clinical learning and teaching framework for Australian NP students.
Specific objectives that addressed this aim were: - To validate a previously developed Australian NP metaspecialty taxonomy.
- To validate supporting clinical practice standards used for the metaspecialty taxonomy.
- To contribute knowledge of how consensus is achieved when using Reactive Delphi methodology.
Specific questions that addressed this aim were: - Does Reactive Delphi methodology potentiate the negative influence of the bandwagon effect in Delphi panelists?
- What effect does panelist confidence have on decision-making in Delphi panelists?
- How can experience level be objectively demonstrated in individual Delphi panelists?
- What effect does experience level have on decision-making in Delphi panelists?
- Does confidence relate to opinion change in individual Delphi panelists?
- What effect does panel composition have on consensus outcomes?
- To demonstrate the application of web-based methods in Delphi research.
Specific objectives that addressed this aim were: - Describe the advantages of using a web-based Delphi method.
- Describe the risks of using a web-based Delphi method.
- Describe how panelist feedback was managed during six concurrent Delphi studies.
Methodology and Methods
This mixed-methods research used Delphi Technique to achieve consensus on, and therefore validate, a NP specialty clinical learning and teaching framework. Two sequential 3-round Reactive Delphi surveys were used to achieve the research aims. The first Delphi survey was designed to validate a proposed broad Australian NP specialty taxonomy previously established by the 2014 CLLEVER (CLinical LEarning goVERnance) study. The second Delphi survey was designed to validate clinical practice standards, which would support and provide definition to the specialty taxonomy. Together, the taxonomy and standards informed the proposed specialty clinical learning and teaching framework. Consensus Development Conference methodology was used to refine the proposed specialty clinical learning and teaching framework. Data collected during the conduct of the first Delphi survey achieved the second research aim. The third research aim was achieved by using metadata, paradata and embedded data in an advanced web-based survey design for both Delphi surveys. Purposive sampling and snowballing techniques were used to recruit from an eligible population of NPs, endorsed by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, with at least 12 months’ post-endorsement experience (N=966). Web-based survey technology was used to collect data. Data were analysed using content analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics. The Content Validity Index and non-parametric testing using McNemar’s Test for Change were used to determine consensus that informed the proposed framework. Results
Approximately 20% of the eligible Australian NP population contributed to both Delphi surveys. Six broad specialty areas, termed metaspecialties, were validated for the proposed specialty taxonomy. A Consensus Development Conference refined the names of two metaspecialties. The metaspecialties served as a foundation for validated clinical practice standards, which provided substance and definition to the final specialty clinical learning and framework. Heterogeneity of expert NP opinion informing the framework was demonstrated using professional activities representative of advanced practice nursing. There was no indication of negative social influence determining the manner by which panelists achieved consensus on the proposed framework. A novel method of using metadata, paradata and embedded data in web-based surveys was applied, which supported high survey response rates and identified non-response bias. A novel application of web-based surveys allowed the researcher to concurrently conduct six Delphi surveys nested within a larger research project. Conclusion
This research demonstrates a rigorous approach in validating a proposed specialty clinical learning and teaching framework for Australian NP students. It contributes new knowledge on the internal and external validity of Reactive Delphi methodology.
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DESAIZE, JAFFREDO JOELLE. "Les crises convulsives generalisees de l'adulte : etude de la methode d'accueil et d'investigation aux urgences medicales de rennes et comparaison avec la strategie preconisee lors de la conference de consensus en medecine d'urgence (geneve 13.04.91)." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M130.
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Zinck, Nicolas. "Audit clinique sur le respect de la conférence de consensus de nutrition artificielle périopératoire en chirurgie programmée de l'adulte : évaluation des pratiques à l'hôpital Saint-Louis." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P009.
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Giesemann, Peter. "Klinikübergreifende Erfassung von Patientendaten zum Krankheitsbild ARDS gemä den Empfehlungen der American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS 1994/1998 mittels eines HTML-Formulars als Bestandteil einer dynamischen Internetapplikation." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975645676.
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Besse, Magalie. "Les transitions constitutionnelles démocratisantes : analyse comparative à partir de l’expérience du Bénin." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD013/document.
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L’analyse logique et systémique de la transition constitutionnelle permet de comprendre la réussite de la démocratisation au Bénin. La transition constitutionnelle fut en effet l’instrument de sa transition démocratique, dont elle est également le révélateur.La Conférence nationale fut l’organe central de cette transition constitutionnelle, ce qui généra un processus constituant inclusif et consensuel. Ces deux principes directeurs ont favorisé l’adoption d’une Constitution équilibrée et légitime en intégrant la diversité sociale au processus constituant. Plus encore, ils ont pacifié les relations politiques et incité les acteurs à respecter les règles établies, en les contraignant à coopérer. Pour y parvenir, la rationalisation de la transition fut essentielle. Elle s’est fondée sur des organes adaptés et sur la constitutionnalisation du processus, qui a agi comme un cliquet anti-retour. Ce constitutionnalisme émergent dut cependant cohabiter avec le pragmatisme, car une rationalisation effective impliquait d’adapter ses instruments au contexte spécifique de la transition.L’inclusion et le consensus, combinés à la cooptation des acteurs et à un constitutionnalisme pragmatique, ont ainsi permis l’adoption d’une Constitution facilitant la consolidation démocratique. Cette réussite révèle que ce droit constitutionnel de transition spécifique est plus démocratisant que le recours au droit constitutionnel démocratique. L’analyse comparative démontre que ce constat n’est pas propre au Bénin. Elle confirme également que la mise en œuvre d’un processus inclusif et consensuel dépend certes des choix des acteurs, mais est aussi conditionnée par leurs rapports de forceThe logical and systemic analysis of the constitutional transition allows to understand the success of democratization in Benin. The constitutional transition was indeed the instrument of its democratic transition, as much as it reveals it. The National Conference was the central organ of this constitutional transition, which generated an inclusive and consensual constituent process. These two guiding principles favored the adoption of a well-balanced and legitimate Constitution by integrating social diversity into the constituent process. Moreover, they pacified political relations and fostered actors to respect the established rules, by forcing them to cooperate. To achieve this, the rationalization of the transition was essential. It relied on appropriated organs and on constitutionnalization of the process, which acted as an anti-return pawl. This emergent constitutionalism had however to cohabit with pragmatism, since an effective rationalization implied to adapt its instruments to the specific context of the transition.Inclusion and consensus, combined with co-optation of actors and a pragmatic constitutionalism, allowed the adoption of a Constitution facilitating democratic consolidation. This success reveals that this specific transitional constitutional Law is more democratizing than the recourse to democratic constitutional Law. The comparative analysis demonstrates that this fiding is not specific to Benin. It also confirms that the implementation of an inclusive and consensual process certainly depends on the choices made by the actors but is also conditional on their balance of power
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Mohorade, Leslie. "Le débat sur la gestation pour autrui lors de la seconde révision des lois de bioéthique françaises : d’un conflit de légitimités à une entreprise de légitimation : politique des corps à concevoir." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40044.
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Entre 2008 et 2011, les lois de bioéthique françaises ont été examinées pour la seconde fois. A cette occasion, plusieurs débats polémiques ont été rouverts au cours d’une large consultation associant des « experts », des représentants de la société civile organisée et - pour la première fois en la matière - des citoyens lambda. Cette procédure originale, les « états généraux de la bioéthique », est étudiée par l’intermédiaire de la discussion relative à la potentielle légalisation de la gestation pour autrui (GPA). La théorie habermassienne de l’espace public et de la délibération permet de questionner ce processus de mise en discussion, initié par les mobilisations sociales, pris en charge par les pouvoirs publics et conclu par la promulgation d’une loi. Le concept de légitimité est au cœur de cette recherche, qui interroge ses fondements et met en lumière ses ambigüités. Expertise des comités de sages, recours aux citoyens ordinaires, vote parlementaire, constituent autant d’étapes par lesquelles la décision est progressivement construite et légitimée. Dans le cas présent, le dispositif participatif joue un rôle déterminant, véhiculant des représentations particulières de la démocratie participative, de la formation de l’intérêt général et de la loi « à la française »Between 2008 and 2011, the French bioethics laws were examined for the second time. On that occasion, a lot of polemical debates were re-opened, during a broad consultation involving “experts”, representatives of civil society and, for the first time in this field, ordinary citizens. This original procedure, the “états généraux de la bioéthique”, is studied through the controversy over legalization of gestational surrogacy. The Habermasian public sphere and deliberative democracy theory is used to question the discussion process initiated by social mobilizations, managed by public authorities and finalized by the promulgation of a law. Legitimacy is at the core of this doctoral research, which is wondering about its foundations and highlighting its ambiguities. The decision is progressively built and legitimated through the consultation of committees, the participation of citizens and the vote of the Parliament. In this case, the “états généraux de la bioéthique” play a crucial role by conveying some specific perspectives about participatory democracy, general will definition and “French style” law
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Hallberg, Andreas. "A protocol for decentralized video conferencing with WebRTC : Solving the scalability problems of conferencing services for the web." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202963.
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Video conferencing has been a part of many communication platforms over the years. Over the last decades users have moved from dedicated telephony networks to the Internet, and recently to the Web. With the introduction of Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) it is now possible to make voice- and video calls simply by visiting a web page, without having to install any additional software. Services that enable multi-user conferences are quite common. However existing solutions such as the Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) inherently do not scale and can be a single point of failure, due to its centralized architecture. This can lead to high maintenance costs and poor service availability.To solve the scalability- and availability problems of video-conferencing services, a decentralized alternative to the MCU is proposed. A decentralized conferencing system uses the distributed resources of its users instead of relying on a central server. This means that the system can handle an increasing number of users without having to upgrade any server infrastructure. Additionally, failures are only partial and can happen regularly without affecting the rest of the system. This report presents the development of a protocol built on top of WebRTC that enables completely decentralized multi-user conferencing. It includes a distributed algorithm for voice-activated switching to reduce the computation and network resources used. A load-balancing technique based on media stream relays is used to distribute the resource requirements of the conference participants. The protocol is implemented as a Javascript library that can be included in a web application. A proof-of-concept web application is developed using the library and its performance is evaluated. The performance data is analyzed and the results are used to make incremental improvements to the protocol and implementation. Although not all features of the protocol are implemented, the tests show promising results. The application allows multiple users to participate in high-definition video conferences, with no server infrastructure aside from a Mini PC that hosts a web server and a WebRTC signaling server.Videokonferenser har varit en del av många olika kommunikationsplattformar genom åren. Tekniken har yttats från dedikerade telefonnnät,, till Internet, och på senare tid till webben. I och med introduktionen av WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) är deti dag möjligt att enkelt deltaga i röst- och videosamtal genom att gå till en webbsida utan att behöva installera någon programvara annat an en webbläsare. De flesta existerande konferenstjänster är byggda med en centraliserad arkitektur, vilket kan leda till tekniska problem när antalet användare ökar eller när fel uppstår i systemens centrala servrar. Dessa problem kan leda till driftstopp och skada tjänstens tillgänglighet för användarna. Den här rapporten täcker utvecklingen av ett protokoll som tillsammans med WebRTC kan användas för att bygga en helt decentraliserad konferenstjänst. Målet är att tjänsten ska vara oberoende av centrala servrar, och på så vis lösa problemen med skalbarhet och tillgänglighet. Protokollet implementeras i en webbapplikation som testas och utvärderasöver flera iterationer för att hitta nya förbättringar. Testerna visar lovande resultat. Slutsatsen dras det är fullt möjligt att bygga en konferenstjänst på detta sätt, och möjligheter för framtida optimeringar och testfall föreslås.
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Kreibig, Dale Johanna. "Changing constitutions through constituent assemblies: an analysis of representation, interest, consensus, and partisanship at the Australian Constitutional Convention 1998, and the Renewal of Canada Conferences 1992." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8866.
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This thesis evaluates whether including constituents directly in negotiation proposals for formal constitutional change at constituent assemblies could improve the rate of formal change in Australia and Canada. Some analysts argue that there is little or no need for formal constitutional change, whilst others argue that the lack of it highlights the need to find new ways to debate proposed amendments. In the 1990’s, The Australian and Canadian federal governments departed from usual practice and convened constituent assemblies (or mini constituent assemblies) to debate the merits of a republic for Australia, and proposals for constitutional reform in Canada that became the Charlottetown Accord.
This thesis is a case study of those assemblies: the Australian Constitutional Convention 1998, and the Canadian Renewal of Canada Conferences 1992.
The first chapter establishes that the rate of formal constitutional change in Australia and Canada is relatively low, and that informal constitutional change is not equivalent to amending the text of a constitution. Analysis of the literature about why proposals put to referenda are rarely ratified in Australia shows that there are no compelling answers to this question and that relatively little attention is given to examining the process used to negotiate formal constitutional change.
The second chapter examines literature about the value of constituent assemblies. This review shows that authors disagree about whether, compared to parliamentarians convening alone, constituent assemblies are more representative of constituents, more likely to generate public interest, more likely to reach consensus, and less likely to behave in a partisan way. This thesis addresses these four questions. As a first step, the terms ‘constituent assembly’, ‘representative’, ‘interest’, ‘consensus’ and ‘partisanship’ are defined in a testable form.
The third to sixth chapters examine the assemblies in a context of a detailed analysis of the processes of formal constitutional change in Australia and Canada since federation. The research shows that the assemblies were superior for representation, public interest and consensus. <.....>
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Liu, Yu-Sheng, and 劉育昇. "The analysis of consensus conference by Social judgement theory-2005 youth consensus conference." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38842089696004326727.
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碩士國立中山大學
公共事務管理研究所
94
The concept of Public Participation comes from democratic theory. The core assumes that people are interested in public affairs and participate constructively. The consensus conference is developed to solve democratic problems. IT invites people without specialized knowledge to discuss controversial issues before they read related data. They set important problems in the domain and ask the experts in public. they debate controversial issues and make a decision. The youth consensus conference is the promise of President Chen in April. It provides youth the opportunity to participate social democracy. And we discuss the comment response adequately, conference satisfy, and conclusion reachable to make sure the difference between experts and participators. 61.1% participators thought comment response adequately is important and better. 55.6% participators thought that the conference satisfy is important and positive. The great conclusion is anticipated. 44.1% participator had different comment in conclusion reachable. Because about half people thought conclusion reachable was not easy to achieve. The experts had almost the same opinion in comment response and they believed the existence of sufficient comment reachable system. It makes everybody would say everything. A part of experts the topics influence consensus. The experts thought the conclusions was not possible adopt by the government. The point is the knowledge gained and the process of discussion.
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Liou, Yi-Sheng, and 劉伊晟. "The Impact of consensus conference in policy making process: case study of consensus conference of surrogate motherhood." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03260317296333030417.
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Chen, Yu-Chen, and 陳羽甄. "Citizen Participation and Conflict Management of Consensus Conference." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66085983114446793958.
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碩士國立中央大學
企業管理研究所
93
The most important spirits of community empowerment projects are citizen participation and one’s commitment to building community in a neighborhood. However, due to the lack of related knowledge, the majority of the people in Taiwan do not take an active role in community participation. Unfortunately, planning and execution are led only by a few. In reflection to this phenomenon, Beitou introduce the consensus conference into community problem, and hope it can lead more discussion, let more people concern his own homeland. Besides, the process of consensus conference is series of conflict and negotiation, how to stimulate and control the conflict situation is this research’s purpose. This research collected record of Beitou consensus conference and arrange related data, interview some related people. At last, put the conflict theory into consensus conference，and found appropriate conflict can stimulate limitless creativity, it indeed brings lots of new ideas to the community. Though it may need to improve in the future, it put the spirit of citizen participation into practice.
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Hsieh, Shu-chen, and 謝淑貞. "The Influence of the Consensus Conference on Public Policies –A Case Study on the Consensus Conference in Installing A Cable Car System over Kaohsiung First." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sn7udf.
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碩士國立中山大學
政治學研究所
95
The focus of this thesis is mainly to investigate the external political process from consensus conference and the correlation between consensus conference and political policy aimed at understanding the external effect of the conference. This thesis also studies the influence of public conference on both the administrative body and city council and the operations of public policy. A case study putting its emphasis on the public conference in installing a harbor cable car system bears a sense of unique significance in the very first consensus conference on municipal agenda in Taiwan. It is found that a consensus conference is perhaps more suitable for local administration to solve municipal issues than for the central government to solve national agenda. Thus, local government should step up its efforts to promote the valuable channel of citizen participation via public conference in an attempt to raise the consciousness of citizenship. The purpose of this article is also to get in-depth knowledge of the correlation between the consensus conference and public policy via comparison and analyses of social theories and publications and to interview dedicated personnel with both the administrative agency and city council for further discussions, which could, in the end, serve as a probable option to solve controversial issues once the deliberative democracy is chosen. The opinions collected via on-site interviews with dedicated administrative agencies (e.g. Bureau of Urban development & Bureau of Human Resources Development) and Kaohsiung city council have been used to analyze and verify the political clout of the consensus onference outside the regular decision-making process, which might become a valuable lesson learned for both the central and local authorities in the future.
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Huang, Kuo-wei, and 黃國瑋. "The News Coverage of Deliberative Democracy A Study of Consensus Conference." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39149285187514316022.
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Hu, Hui-Chun, and 胡慧君. "When Morality Policy Meets Deliberative Democracy—Take 2014 Consensus Conference of Stray Dog Policy for Example." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j348hs.
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碩士國立臺南大學
行政管理學系碩士班
103
In Taiwan's current society, the same-sex marriage, death penalty, surrogacy and other "Morality Policy", often due to underlying contradictions embedded in social values and moral conflicts, making the government face many challenges in the management. In recent years, with the "Deliberative Turn", Deliberative Democracy has gradually become a trend. However, review the literature about morality policy, did not dwell much on the impact of morality policies in other public fields, literature concerning consensus conference nor care what morality policy may infuse. In recent years, animal protection has gradually become the mainstream of public policy issue, but it also involves complex value behind the conflicts. Consequently, whether in theory or practice is indeed urgently necessary research tool. This article discusses what the policy evaluation of consensus conference, and takes the 2014 consensus conference of stray dog policy as a case study to explore the impact on stakeholders (citizen, Council of Agriculture, IEK, citizens meeting of the Executive Committee) by in-depth interviews, field research, questionnaires, and archival research. This article discusses the policy evaluation of consensus conference of morality policy, the result indicates consensus conferences not only improves the civic literacy but also makes citizens sympathize other people and have a holistic thinking toward issues. It makes discussion of morality value smoothly, promotes the interlocution between government and citizens, and citizens can understand what the difficulties for the government to execute relevant policies. In addition, when the government struggle from the morality policy, consensus conference can explore the sticking point of issues and understand what the citizens think before the government executing policy. Finally, this article indicates that consensus conference of morality policy may provide a solution to solve the problems of morality policies.
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Huang, Yung Chih, and 黃勇智. "The Praxis of Civic Engagement in Taiwan: The Comparative Study of Community Consensus Conference and Town Meeting." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56565490832891615084.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
社會政策與社會工作學系
98
Community participation has become a mainstream policy in the most counties. Promotion of community engagement is one of the major policy agenda for the government of Taiwan. In the initial stages of community participation development in Taiwan, most of the projects were government-led or controlled by local elites of community-based associations. Recently, people are more concern about the direct civic engagement. From 2002 to 2008, the deliberative democracy became a hot issue for the public. The community consensus conferences are applied from the western countries. However, town meeting has rooted in local governance for long time, but it has been ignored. Thus, this study adopted qualitative approach to explore the mechanism about community consensus conference and town meeting. Through in-depth interview, this study explored the viewpoints of eight residents of their perceptions on community participation. Community consensus conference was different from town meeting about the structure of members, civic agenda, and the operation mechanism. First, for the participant members, the participants of community consensus conference were more diversified than of town meeting. On the other hand, participants in community consensus conference were screened by some strict criteria and only allowed some specific residents to join. The motivations of participating these two kinds of mechanism were varied. Most participants of community consensus conference were visionary and checking what’s going on. Participants of town meeting were invited or mobilized by local elites. Most issues discussed in the community consensus conference could influence the whole community. The agenda of town meeting influenced small part of the community. On the other hand, the civic agenda in community consensus conference was less conflict of interests than that of town meeting. The interests in community consensus conference were separate from each other, rather than in town meeting were entangled. The feasibility of civic agenda was more than town meeting. It was because the agenda in community consensus conference was government-based. There’s no budget problem in community consensus conference. On the contrary, budget issue was a key point in the discussion of town meeting. The community consensus conference discussed a series of topics framed within a single agenda. The mechanism in town meeting worked multiple agendas. On the other hand, members in these two mechanisms differed in roles and interaction. In the community consensus conference, community residents were problem solvers. Officials were complements and nonprofit worker was an assistant. In the town meeting, community residents were issue initiators or audiences. Officials were problem solvers or announcers and the head of neighbor was a mediator. Whether in community consensus conference or town meeting, the power of decision-making and administration was controlled by government officials. For community residents, these two mechanisms fulfilled the needs of knowledge, discourse, and relationship. As a whole, the function of community consensus conference was recommendatory, and town meeting was issue-forming and meditative. However, community consensus conference faced the lack of resource. Holding town meeting was affected by head of neighbor and its efficacy. Community residents were satisfied with the speech condition of community consensus conference. On the other hand, because of time, town meeting could not form a condition for sufficient speech. It was appropriate to announce civic information. Finally, there was a plight in both mechanisms about civic engagement. Community residents not necessarily engage civic affairs or engage continuing. Based on these findings, the conclusion was that both mechanisms only achieve the partial democracy. This is because the value of capitalism and the bureaucracy is that overly represent citizen reduce the civic atmosphere and opportunities of citizen engagement. Even though under this condition, these two mechanisms still have its niche to deepen democracy. On the basis of the conclusion, this study suggests a “tandem” model to enhance the praxis of community civic engagement.
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Hwang, Shyh-Twan, and 黃世團. "The Institutional Connection of Consensus Conference and Representative Democracy－A Case Study of Surrogate Motherhood in Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79654047122263307247.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
97
The institutional value of consensus conference is originated from the concept of deliberative democracy of the U.S. and European countries, which gradually develops into a kind of public deliberation institution. In recent years, the ideological trend of deliberative democracy has posed a significant influence on local academic and practical fields, and become the focus of many researchers in Taiwan. Many researches in the political science or public administration fields have been conducted since its introduction. The operation modes and ideology of deliberative democracy are also used with an attempt to hold the consensus conference bothered with controversial issues and value conflicts. At present, most researches tend to be introductions or discussions of theories relevant to deliberative democracy or introductions and assessments of the practical pattern of deliberative democracy, while seldom concern the institutional connections and institutional designs of deliberative democracy and representative democracy. The void effort spent for the aforesaid fields is urgently required for upcoming academic endeavor. The case study of this research is the “Consensus Conference on Surrogate Motherhood”, the first conference focusing on national public policy issue. It integrates the influences and effects of consensus conferences from the controversies and development of the policy problems of surrogate motherhood. Also, SWOT analysis and strategy process is used for this research. It also aims to assist the construction of relevant concepts, serve as a reference for pragmatic application, inspect the strategic environment faced by Taiwan regarding the development of the democratic mechanism of deliberative consensus conference, further assess the feasibility of its strategies or promotion as well as the selection of strategies to search for the most appropriate operating strategies for the institutional connection between consensus conference and representative democracy.
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Chen, Yi-Ling, and 陳逸玲. "Comparison of deliberative participatory mechanism of National Health Insurance between “Consensus Conference on NHI” and “NHI Civilian Surveillance Alliance”." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33678701775247509001.
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碩士國立陽明大學
衛生福利研究所
95
National Health Insurance (NHI) is one of the most important welfare policy covers all citizens in Taiwan. However due to lacking of citizen participation, the implementation of reform and relevant policy has caused opposition in the society. Fortunately, public participation became one of the major agenda in the second-stage NHI planning scheme, Department of Health held “Consensus Conference on NHI” to collect people’s opinions about NHI financial and benefit reform in Jan., 2005. About the same time, “NHI Civilian Surveillance Alliance”, which represents social movement and welfare organizations, established to supervise and to propose relevant suggestions on NHI policy. Consensus conference, derived from deliberative democracy theory, assumes that through face-to-face interactions people will pursue commonwealth reasonably. This mechanism can mend up the weaknesses of formal democratic Representative System. Besides, the principle of social movement, including informed discussion and decision making with the participation of all affected people or groups, also reflect ideas of deliberative democracy. However, there are conflict or agreements between these two different kinds of participation in Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to compare the pros and cons of “Consensus Conference on NHI” and “NHI Civilian Surveillance Alliance” in deliberative democracy, which contains issues as inclusion, equality, reasoned argument, legitimacy of outcomes and dynamics between deliberative forum and external surroundings, and to advise NHI about adequate mode of public participation. Qualitative research was applied, using in-depth interviews to collect data on the attitudes and experiences of major stakeholders. The result of study shows NHI Civilian Surveillance Alliance has continuity in public deliberation and has more influence on sharing information and educating citizens. Besides, with a well-defined theme or topic, consensus conference is agree with the value of deliberative democracy, including inclusion, equality and rationality. Based on our study, we recommend that government should have a firm and right attitude to ward public participation and select different participation methods according to varied purposes, so as to improve the quality of deliberation in the system, and to establish a transparent decision-making channel and open information, etc.. By means of broad public participation, NHI can gather people’s understandings and build up legitimacy of policy to achieve the sustainability goal of the NHI.
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Wu, Chiu-ying, and 吳秋瑩. "Deliberative Democracy in Local Public Affairs:The Case of“Consensus Conference on Auto and Motorcycle Total Control Plan for Taipei City”." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74617535565724861671.
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碩士臺灣大學
政治學研究所
95
Taiwan has been known for its successful political development and democratic transition. The democratization of Taiwan was worthy to be praised before, however, now it has become a monster, which depraves people’s mind. For lack of “democracy quality” and participation in public affairs, the society of Taiwan has been divided into two conflicting sides- North and South (geography), ethnic groups, politic parties. The legislators are busy in political conflicts all the day. Who really knows what people need? Therefore, this thesis is for realize how the citizen participates in public affairs and also consider the importance of deliberative democracy through the theory and practice of other country in this field. It tries to analyze the successes and the difficulties of consensus conference by the method of interview. And it also uses the conception of governance of local government, and the first example of consensus conference which was took place by Taipei City Government. So, this thesis offers analyses and suggestions, especially about the legal institution, in order to give a consultation to the authorities how to raise their ability of governance and stride forward good governance. At the same time, local governments and legislators could take this thesis as a better consultation for making a better democratic policy or amend laws.
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CHANG-Yu-Chieh and 張妤婕. "A Study of Public Participation in Urban Development: A Case Study of Consensus Conference of “The Future of Beitou Historic Area”." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39304212044374680470.
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碩士中國文化大學
巿政暨環境規劃學系
98
Beitou historic area is one of the early-developed areas in Taipei metropolis. Beitou historic area took the most advantages in traffic and natural resources location about Danbei trail, sulfur, Ceramic soil and hot-spring; therefore, it became a prosperous area. Due to industries outflow and prostitution abolishment policy, a rapid and long term recession attacked local economy badly and there are almost no constructions during the slump. Less than a decade, the revitalization of hot-spring industry and newly constructed Mass Rapid Transit system brought perceivable prosperity to Beitou; as a consequence, issues like traffic congestion, compatible public service shortage and obscurity of self-identification occurred one after another. Even worse, by adding extra floor area to build new super high-rise buildings according to the regulation of shift-in of TDR (transfer of development rights), some urban renewal projects with building permit are constructed at the very center of historic area, obviously violated the guideline of the urban planning of Beitou and created great conflicts between urban renewal policies and historic area conservation, and thus permanently changed the surroundings and skyline. Standing on the crossway of improving living quality by new construction and revitalizing local economy by vivid traditional characteristic, Beitou historic area is facing a dilemma. From October to November, 2004, then, Consensus Conference of “The Future of Beitou Historic Area” was held, and local residents were invited to participate in a few-weeks workshop to discuss the influence of urban renewal policy of the historical area of Beitou, and how it is affecting the positioning of future Beitou and their future vision. In this conference, this study was set up an experimental mechanism for participants to have communication with authorities directly during the conference. It can be reference materials in setting policy for the future urban development in Beitou historic area for the authorities. It is a new trial that adopting Consensus Conference as a method of public participation in urban development. It’s a research of great worth to review in setting policy procedure, in Taiwan, how many legal participation opportunities could be opened to the public? How is the actual effectiveness in practicality so far? If there were some defects in public participation in urban development, how can we solve or improve the problem? What kind of the method would make the participation more delicate and direct？ It would transfer the conflict in public advantages into public interests and consensus in a community common learning process. The main purpose of this study is to review and analyze the problem of public participation again in urban development in Taiwan at present. Through participant observation the case of Consensus Conference of “The Future of Beitou Historic Area”, I discovered and analyzed the characteristics and actual effectiveness of Consensus Conference; probing into the possibilities in Consensus Conference as a method of the public participation in urban development.
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Giesemann, Peter [Verfasser]. "Klinikübergreifende Erfassung von Patientendaten zum Krankheitsbild ARDS gemä den Empfehlungen der American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS 1994/1998 mittels eines HTML-Formulars als Bestandteil einer dynamischen Internetapplikation / von Peter Giesemann." 2004. http://d-nb.info/975645676/34.
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Hauschildt, Mirjam. "Analyse eines Bürgerbeteiligungsverfahrens zu ethisch-politischen Fragen der Verteilung von Gesundheitsgütern- Vergelich der inhaltlichen Ergebnisse der Lübecker Konferenz mit einer kanadischen citizens jury zu diesem Themenkompomplex." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-001C-7132-9.
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In Lübeck fand 2010 eine Bürgerkonferenz zum Thema Priorisierung im Gesundheitswesen statt. 20 Bürger unterschiedlichen Alters und mit heterogenen Bildungshintergründen informierten sich über das Thema Priorisierung im Gesundheitswesen, diskutierten ihre Überzeugungen und Erfahrungen und verfassten am Ende ein gemeinsames Votum. Priorisierung im Gesundheitswesen war bei den Bürgern definiert als ein Gedankenkonstrukt darüber, welche Werte und Kriterien in der medizinischen Versorgung als wirklich wichtig empfunden werden, und welche weniger wichtig erscheinen. Aus diesen Überlegungen können Rangfolgen medizinischer Interventionen und Therapien erarbeitet werden.
Diese Konferenz betreffend beantwortet diese Arbeit die Forschungsfragen, ob Bürger in der Lage sind ein solch komplexes Thema wie Priorisierung im Gesundheitswesen sinnvoll und weiterführend zu diskutieren, zu welchen inhaltlichen Ergebnissen sie dabei kommen und welche Bedeutung diese Ergebnisse für die Gesamtdebatte haben können.
Die Lübecker Bürger haben einen gelungenen Diskurs geführt, was in dieser Arbeit anhand von Kriterien des Diskursethikers Jürgen Habermas herausgearbeitet wird. Mit dieser Methode eine Bürgerkonferenz zu analysieren wurde dabei innerhalb dieser Arbeit ein neuer Weg beschritten. Außerdem wird bezüglich der inhaltlichen Diskussion gezeigt, welche wichtige Bedeutung der Bürgerdiskurs für die Gesamtdebatte hat. Die Bürger haben einzelne neue Aspekte angesprochen, aber vor allem zeigt sich in der Analyse, dass die Lübecker Bürger einen Schwerpunkt bei Werten und Kriterien setzen, die das einzelne Individuum betreffen.
Der Vergleich der inhaltlichen Ergebnisse der Lübecker Bürgerkonferenz mit den inhaltlichen Ergebnissen einer kanadischen citizens jury zu diesem Themenkomplex zeigt viele Parallelen und gibt damit den Hinweis darauf, dass ein länderübergreifender gemeinsamer Bürgerwille besteht.
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Durand, Céline. "Évaluation d’une expérience de conférence citoyenne : analyse éthique." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8740.
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Un intérêt grandissant pour le rôle du citoyen dans la prise de décision concernant la vie publique se développe depuis les dernières années. Le développement et la mise en oeuvre de divers mécanismes de participation citoyenne, comme les conférences citoyennes, témoignent de cet intérêt. Nombre de ces expériences ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation, mais essentiellement au niveau de l'efficacité ou du succès de l'exercice. Peut-on les évaluer sur le plan de l’éthique? Quels sont les défis éthiques posés par les mécanismes de participation citoyenne? Ce mémoire évalue une expérience de conférence citoyenne portant sur les avancées de la biologie humaine à l’ère de la génomique mise sur pied par le Groupe de recherche en bioéthique (GREB) de l’Université de Montréal en 2005. À l’aide du concept de l’éthique de la discussion, telle
que proposée par quatre auteurs québécois, une analyse qualitative est effectuée sur six
documents rédigés dans le cadre de la conférence. Deux catégories de résultats sont
discutées. D’abord, les divers éléments relatifs à la conférence citoyenne qui ont soulevé notre attention. Ensuite, les préoccupations des participants en lien avec la science, la société et la participation. Une meilleure compréhension des aspects éthiques auxquels on devrait accorder une attention particulière contribuera à l’amélioration du mécanisme de conférence citoyenne et à son utilisation à long terme.In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the role of citizens in public decision-making. This interest is reflected in the development and implementation of various citizen participation mechanisms, such as citizen conferences (also known as consensus conferences). Many of these experiences have been evaluated, but mainly in terms of their effectiveness or success. What are the ethical challenges posed by citizen participation mechanisms? This study looks at a citizen conference on advances in human biology in the era of genomics, held by the Groupe de recherche en bioéthique (GREB) of the Université de Montréal in 2005. The concept of discourse ethics, as developed by four Quebec authors, is used to conduct a qualitative analysis of six documents from the conference. Two categories of results are discussed: noteworthy aspects of the citizen conference and participants’ concerns with regard to science, society and their participation. A better understanding of key ethical issues will help to improve citizen conferences and their long-term use.
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Mogomotsi, Goemeone Emmanuel Judah. "Exclusive greenroom meetings of the WTO: an examination of the equality principle in the decision-making process of the multilateral trading system." Thesis, 2013. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1427_1380713184.
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Buck, Sebastian. "Deliberative Ideale im Kontext informeller Bürgerbeteiligung." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3E0B-A.
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