Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conscience – Identité (philosophie) – Allemagne'
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Guerpillon, Louis. "La conscience de soi au XVIIIe siècle en France et en Allemagne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H218.
Full textCan we still take seriously eighteenth-century theories of self-consciousness, after Kant, in the ‘Paralogisms of pure reason’, has criticized both rational psychology and its claims to make a decision on what the thinking ‘I’ really is? We first show how powerful Kant’s criticism is: it is not only relevant against the Wolffian doctrine, but also against every philosopher, including empiricists, who borrows some arguments from Wolff. Yet, we will argue that the Kantian criticism is not relevant against another problem of self-consciousness, which has nothing to do with the traditional problem of personal identity. We call that other problem: the problem of ‘projectivity’. If reflexivity makes me able to return on myself, on the contrary projectivity makes me able to identify myself as something or something else (as a subject, as a body, as a temporal being, as a soul, as a student…). Condillac first made this metamorphic ability the very spine of the Treatise of Sensations. According to him, the self is not even at the first moment a subject (not even an incorporated one) facing objects in his experience: he has to become conscious of himself as facing objects. Rousseau goes further in the Emile: he examines in detail not only how self-consciousness emerges,or how it grows quantitatively, but how it transforms qualitatively, until one’s self-cousciousness becomes a true self-knowledge. Kant himself is part of this history: in the Critic of Practical Reason, he shows that when I feel respect for the moral law, I am conscious of myself as being distant of myself. Maybe this distance, which makes any achieved knowledge impossible, is the condition for being able to interpret myself as something or something else
Dewitz, Jean. "Théâtre et conscience identitaire en Bavière : le Volkstheater à Munich (1850-1914)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040217.
Full textIn Munich, the roots of the Volkstheater ("people's theatre") are anchored in a tradition profoundly marked by both the counter-reform and the aufklarung, as well as reactions to the latter. In the 1850s, thanks to the drama by F. Prüller set in the mountains, suburban theatres had become the bastion of a particularism which was attempting to preserve the Christian values of "old Bavaria", and defend the autonomy of the kingdom of Wittelsbach from cultural invasion by the "north". In 1865 they had to give way to a prestige establishment, the symbol of a bourgeoisie laying claim to its own cultural domain, and this phase heralded the dislocation of "theatre for all" in Munich. The "popular" spectacle was not to be spared from the confrontations engendered by resolution of the German issue and the Kulturkampf, but assertion of identity, as symbolised by dynastic figures, and then even more so by the peasant hero and the Haberfeldtreiben, that popular tribunal of mores, was ever-present. By disseminating throughout the Germanic domain the image of an ever-rural Bavaria, the Gebirgsschauspiel was a public refusal of a modern world which was simultaneously destroying inherited values and yet, in its own way, contributing to the struggle for cultural supremacy between berlin and Munich. The 1890s, with the emergence of authors influenced by naturalism, were to signal the end of the celebration of old myths. J. Ruederer and l. Thoma mark the culmination of the literisation process of the "popular" spectacle: they are active in the artistic trends of their time, adapting old themes to social and political reality in works aimed at elite establishments. They transcend the Bavarian horizon and herald the critical popular drama, yet at the same time assert the specificity of a "south" with Munich and Bavaria as its main pole
Chatzipetrou, Sofia. "Conscience tragique grecque et conscience humaniste chez Albert Camus." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030144.
Full textThis thesis examines Albert Camus’ work, both fictional and dramatic, in its reception of conscience’s primary concepts as introduced by the Greek tragedy. The point is to find out how these concepts are received, transformed and finally incorporated in Camus’ literary and philosophic world.Conscience meaning the knowledge that everyone has of himself (thumós), it aims at a knowledge supposed to be shared with the others. Around the desire of existence therefore, feelings of unity and coherence, autonomy and heteronomy set up. Between introspection on one hand and opening to the world on the other, the conscience figures as a key theme for both tragic and camusian reflection. At the heart of enduring oppositions, the person must transform Destiny’s and Absurd’s blow into a productive range: thus, Requisition and Rebellion trace the way to go in order to be and remain human. From tragic « self » affirmation to the « human vocation » required by the author, conscience and identity interact and indicate the individual as the creator of meaning. Through Greek tragedy’s essential principles, Camus aims thereby at an identity which, aware of its contradictions, its rights and duties, remains consistent: the rebel’s identity
Diallo, M. Moustapha. "Exotisme et conscience culturelle dans l'oeuvre d'Ingeborg Bachmann." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120044.
Full textThe analysis of the representation of foreign worlds in ingeborg bachmann's literary works reveals an exotistic projection of the aspiration that the individual develops in the conflict between existential needs and the reality of the social and political world - a conflict that lies at the heart of the author's philosophical concept of utopian thinking. Because of the social and political implications involved in bachmann's perception of (especially foreign) reality, the literary form of the dialectic relationship which exists between the experience of the annihilation of the individual and the search for individual identity allows a discussion of the role of cultural difference in her writing as well as in her concept of literatur. The social an historical references, for instance, which underlie bachmann's critical view of culture in term of the constellation africa europe, define the inter-cultural dimension that the confrontation of two models of society implies in her works. Bachmann's treatment of the problems of the self and of difference are discussed in the light of the clash between the western world and africa in order to reflect on the conditions which determine the encounter of cultures. The discussion highlights the phenomenon of alienation and the necessity to affirm cultural identity so as to underline the essential value of historical awareness as an indispensable condition of the understanding of the forces at work in the encounter between cultures
Vapné, Lisa. "Les remplaçants : migration juive de l'ex-Union soviétique en Allemagne, 1990-2010." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0018.
Full textThis dissertation examines immigration policy as applied to a group defined by ethnicity and admitted on the basis of this putative identity; it concomitantly offers an analysis of the migrants' relationship to an assigned identity. The first section concerns the period 1990 to 2010, when, seeking to strengthen its Jewish Community demographically, Germany elaborated a state policy to host applicants living in countries of the former Soviet Union whose identity documents categorized them as Jewish. In twenty years, more than 200,000 people, classified initially as "quota refugees" and thereafter as "Jewish migrants," immigrated to Germany. As we demonstrate, it was expected that these migrants would symbolically replace the German Jews who had emigrated before 1933 and those exterminated by the Third Reich. However, because of the discrepancy between the Jews as anticipated and the Jewish FSU migrants - de-Judaized and faced with problems in professional integration in Germany - their admission would be increasingly restricted. Casting doubt on the authenticity of their identity papers undermined the veracity of their Jewish identity. In a second part, based on biographical interviews, this work discusses the formulation of the narrative of the migrants' identification as Jewish before, during, and after immigration, interrogating the change from Jewish identity as stigmatizing to Jewish identity as validating insofar as it was the key to immigration in Germany
Dours, Christian. "Personne, personnage, identification emphatique : pour une analyse des fictions de l'identité personnelle." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010648.
Full textGosselin, Emmanuelle. "La coopération universitaire franco-allemande vecteur d'une conscience européenne ? 1963-1973 à travers les sources françaises." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030126.
Full textAssessing how France and Germany - mainly of the élites - have from 1963 to 1973 contributed to the European academic partnership, has been the main objectives of our research work. More specifically from 1958 on, the French and German rectors ' Conference will focus on such important issues as academic recognition for grades and qualifications and free transfer within Europe. The unsuccessful " Plan Fouchet " in 1962 will so establish a one-to-one partnership and the Elysée Treaty agreed in 1963 will be the main achievement. Even though the latter one will try to give a European impulse to this bilateral work , it will fail to promote an exhaustive academic recognition for grades and qualifications in Europe. Nevertheless, France and Germany have helped the " rebirth" of a European awareness thanks to élites and people. Eventually, French and German academic cooperation will appear as the most thorough work of a one-to-one cooperation that might turn into the general outlines for a European College i. E a federation of European Colleges; while raising at the same time such as fundamental points as European identity, European citizenship and above all the question of "the consistency of a European culture in its diversity"
Rothmund, Elisabeth. ""Afin que prospère la musique et que s'accroisse la renommée de notre nation" : Henrich Schütz (1585-1672) : conscience identitaire allemande et patriotisme culturel entre musique et littérature." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040242.
Full textBeyond his large production in the field of sacred vocal music, Henrich Schutz (1585-1672), who was during fitty years Kapellmeister at the court of the elector of Saxony, also played a large role at the turning point of the German-secular music and the German literature. He was helped by many great authors, in particular by Silesian poet and theorician Martin Opitz, in his attempts to establish and develop in Germany, on texts in German language, the vocal music kinds that ensured the success of Italian musicians: madrigals and opera. Despite the relative failure of his attempts, imputable to factors as inherent to the project itself (particularly of literacy order) as cyclical (historical, political and sociological), they appear as the expression of a particularly developed German identity consciousness. It is less in the evolution of the German vocal music than in the evolution of the literature that the influences of this "cultural patriotism", resulting from an interdisciplinary work of reflection, asserted without aggressivity and only aiming at helping Germany to fill the gap that existed with its neighbours, were the most sensitive
Bosqué-Floch, Martine. "Identité, lieux et cinéma allemands : entre réunification et mondialisation." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030163.
Full textThe reunification of Germany and its reinvention as a new nation-state temporally coincided with the acceleration of globalisation and the enlargement of the European Union, reactivating the problems of identity and of German memory. How does German cinema reflect this double process? How does it contribute to reunited Germany’s construction of identity? The notion of place, fundamentally linked to that of identity, is also reactivated by these events; surprisingly, cinema studies seem to have overlooked it. What does a close analysis of German cinema places tell us about Germany’s identity and the identity of its cinema? Instead of putting forward definitive answers, we propose a thorough theoretical reflection on the notions of identity and place(s), as well as on related notions, such as national identity, identity of a national cinema, nation, Heimat and memory. Moreover, we will analyse the cultural loam on which reunited Germany’s cinema developed, retracing some of the cultural discourses put into place, in order to better understand the issues they address. Germany’s sites of memory (“lieux de mémoire”) in particular seem to be a place for dialogue and confrontation with other disciplines, French or German, concerned with the coupled notions of identity and place(s) and identity and memory. We pursue this discussion throughout the analysis of our corpus, consisting for the most part on filmmakers grouped under the designation of “Berlin school” and interviewed within the context of an enquiry focused on the notion of place(s)
Möser, Cornelia. "Les débats féministes sur le "genre" en France et en Allemagne : théories voyageuses et traductions culturelles." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/178876976#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the feminist gender debates in the 1990s and 2000 in France and Germany in order to examine the processes of translation. It follows the paths of the cultural transfers that took place in the feminist gender debates and focuses on the productivity of the transformations that occur through translation. Starting from an analysis of these debates and their contextualization, the author argues that the theories that the participants in these debates identify as “gender theory” are in fact primarily theories that are strongly influenced by so-called “French theory”. The conspicuous similarities between the tense debates on “French feminism” in the US in the 1980s and the French and German gender debates provide insight into the strategic construction of theoretical canons, that then undermine or even attack hegemonic theoretical sets. Looking more closely at the “French feminism” debate in the US, the author goes onto examine the 1980s “culture wars”: the competing constellation of critical theory and so-called postmodern theory or deconstruction. What appears to be conflicting here actually had earlier moments of non-conflictual interrelation as the analysis of the French obsession with German modernist theory from the 1960s to the end of the 1980s show. In this context, translation must be understood as a central factor in the globalized knowledge production. For feminist researchers in France and Germany, the gender debates correlate with their institutionalization what also led them to write the history of feminist thinking. I discuss the teleological pitfalls in this project by considering the gender debate’s most frequently-occurring narratives
Kellerer, Sidonie. "Fondations : étapes de la réception de Descartes en Allemagne chez les néo-kantiens de Marburg, Husserl et Heidegger." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20004.
Full textViñoles, Diana Beatriz. "Espace-temps dans l'existence d'Alice Domon (1937-1977) : une biographie philosophique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0042.
Full textOn December 8th 1977 Alice Domon was kidnapped by the Marine 's "Work Group" as a part of what is know as "Group of the Holy Cross" formed by Madres de Plaza de Mayo mostly. The thesis l'm about to conclude deals with a philosophical and original subject related to Alice Domon's vital itinerary, missing nun for the last argentine dictatorship. The interdisciplinary theoretical framework, gathers some concepts inspired by Michel De Certeau, Mijail Bajtin, Jean Paul Sartre, Emmanuel Lévinas and Paul Ricoeur, with methodological contributions coming from narrative styles in philosophy, biographic forms and social science instruments. Alice Domon's biography, together with some others, deserves to be recognized. It possesses a singularity according to her projects and life choices. If ethics is, for Lévinas, a responsibility relationship to others, to rebuild Domon's ethics action around a biography framework that supports them, it challenges the habitual philosophical searching
Véran, Céline. "Dissimulation et quête d’identité dans les romans de Hue de Rotelande." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAL015.
Full textHue de Rotelande, an Anglo-Norman poet of the late twelfth century, wrote two poetical novels, Ipomedon and Protheselaus, whose heroes strive either to hide their name or to be recognized. The second text is presented as a sequel to the first one, but we understand that unity is also done through the theme of identity. In this period of the Middle Ages, a questioning on identity is not anachronistic. Chapter I shows that, at the moment when the famous Renaissance is developing, the question of identity existed in several fields, both theologically and in terms of the recognition of the individual. Hue de Rotelande’s novels testify to this emergence of the subject. Nevertheless, a person is still defined primarily by the group to which he or she belongs. The reflection on identity thus has nothing to do with the birth of individuality but must be understood in relation to a group. Furthermore, the consciousness of the nation was beginning to be formed at the end of this century in England, stimulated by the action of Henry II. In fact, the king had to unite his kingdom against the oppositions related to its continental origin and against the Welsh protest ; around the king, history was rewritten. With this theme of identity, the works of Hue de Rotelande are therefore a reflection of their time. In chapter II, we find that these novels approach the identity in a paradoxical way since dissimulation is put forward. Nevertheless, a lexical analysis proves that the conceptual domain of dissimulation is that of identity. And Hue de Rotelande truly permeates his works with this double theme by multiplying the processes of dissimulation, by blurring the construction system of the characters and, above all, by presenting this dissimulation of the identity as not being really justified on the narrative level. It thus becomes particularly legitimate to question the choice of this theme. Chapter III reveals that this practice of dissimulation is also found at the level of the narrator who weaves between the need to tell, the silence and the lie, but, who always insists on dissimulation. This theme contaminates the genre itself of texts because they hide behind all the works in fashion in the twelfth century, thus blurring their identity in multiple echoes. Dissimulation is therefore everywhere and, definitely, pushes one to wonder about identity. Finally, by drawing attention to identity, Hue de Rotelande probably wanted to send a message to his audience. Chapter IV shows that the novels were clearly addressed to the Anglo-Norman public of the Welsh Marches and that a political reading was hidden there. Hue de Rotelande would criticize the royal power of Henry II, often in opposition to his barons, and he would flatter the identity consciousness of a group, that of the Cambro-Normans
Marques, Karina Carvalho de Matos. "De l'écriture personnelle à l'écriture de l'histoire : questions d'identité dans l'oeuvre d'Ilse Losa et de Samuel Rawet." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030103.
Full textOur compared study deals with the literary work of Ilse Losa (1913-2006), a German exiled in Portugal, and Samuel Rawet (1929-1984), a Polish immigrant in Brazil, which have adopted Portuguese as writing language. Having arrived in these lusophone countries a few years before the declaration of the Second World War, both share a jewish origin which is expressed in their characters in the form of conflicts between memory and forgetfulness, communitarianism and integration, tradition and cultural performativity. Moreover, their conditions of women and homosexual acted as an inspiration for the construction of a work opposing gender duality in a context of oppression in these host countries : The Salazarist New State (1933-1974) and the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985). This way, through their personal writings in which the jewish identity and the gender identity are key elements, we can consider the exclusion in a broader way. These authors give us a picture of the brazilian and portuguese societies between the end of the 30’s and beginning of the 80’s, highlighting the power relations between elites and masses. During a period in which the national identity is being built on the basis of the myth of the great empire in Portugal and of multiculturalism in Brazil, Ilse Losa and Samuel Rawet show that the nation is always a narrative
Atlan, Henri. "Spinoza et la biologie actuelle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H232.
Full textOld philosophical problems are raised in renewed ways by advances in biology of today. Most obvious are the problems of relationship between living and non-living, mind and body, error en truth. Spinoza's philosophy, although from 17th century, offers solutions to these problems more relevant than most more recent philosophies. In return, present knowledge from physical and biological sciences, especially cognitive neurosciences, can provide a new look at some specifically Spinozist notions such as his "little physics", Nature as cause of itself, the notion of matter, the essence of a thing, kinds of knowledge, which gain all the more interest from a present day point of view
Desrochers, Marie-Julie. "De la prise de conscience à la prise de parole : construction, déconstruction et reconstruction identitaires dans Garçon manqué, de Nina Bouraoui." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3139/1/M11425.pdf.
Full textCorbett, Isabelle. "La référence du pronom "je" : l'identité personnelle en question." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7508.
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