Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Connolly'

Dunmore’s War was the last colonial war in America before the Revolution. This conflict was the culmination of nearly thirty years of intrigue and violence in the socalled “Western Waters” of the trans-Allegheny region of Virginia, which included the valleys of the Ohio River and its lower tributary system. This thesis traces the origins of the war, and suggests that, among other things, the provisions in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 for the westward extension of the Indian boundary line and soldier settlement contributed mightily to the instigation of the war between Virginia and the Shawnees. Indeed, Virginia’s former provincial soldiers took advantage of the waning authority of the royal government in the west to secure their bounty lands, at the expense of the Shawnees and their allies in the Ohio Valley. Matters reached a climax during the curious administration of Virginia’s last colonial governor, Lord Dunmore. Dunmore, who harbored his own western land ambitions, allied himself with the soldiers and land speculators, and instituted policies aimed at extending Virginia’s jurisdiction over the Ohio Valley and Kentucky against the directives of his superiors in London. Accordingly, the thesis examines the royal governor’s motivations, policies, and conduct in the events leading up to the conflict. Finally, the thesis contributes a fresh, complete narrative of the war itself, which has been lacking for some time in the field of Virginia History.
Master of Arts

In this study I search for the real understanding of the Lauclanian concept of ”populism” from both the viewpoint of William Connollys essentially contested concepts and the conceptual historian Reinhart Koselleck. My starting point for the analysis takes its inspiration from the more contemporary notion of ”constructing the social” but tries to focus on a result that can be free from the highly abstract discourse theory put forward by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. The result is a peculiar paradox in which the concept of populism reconstructed by Laclau not only is contested but contested in such way that even the meaning of the word could lose its contextual use in place of another – the political. At the same time, the concepts favorability through a more common usage (or in Koselleckian terminology, its more democratized meaning) must be acknowledged, and in relation to the leftist political parties that uses this theoretic, strategic and analytical conceptual category it instead becomes much clearer why its usage is applied but also favoured by Laclau. It could be said that it is the most effective concept in determining the strategic discursive landscape and to shape it in favour of a future left-wing populist movement. At the same time, the concepts claim of being more democratic is not entirely as convincing in regard to the signifier that must be as empty as possible to fulfill the populistic demands of its political subjects. This means that its value entirely comes from the political subjects meaningful projection, and in one way only can be said to engage with these subjects through the channeling of the already expected dissent and disaffection of the people behind the discursive and overdetermined identities.

This thesis provides a constructive theology of Christian marriage rooted in an Augustinian Trinitarian grammar of order. In conversation with a contemporary agonistic ethicist, William Connolly, I identify sensibilities in the Augustinian tradition that I argue need reemphasis in late modern times. Section One consists of three chapters, each of which analyzes William Connolly's interpretation of the biblical texts that he engages to contest an “Augustinian” reading which projects a natural order that promises to attune self and society. In chapter one I look at Connolly's ethic of self-formation that emerges from his sower parable, detailing the relation between the cultivation of the self, marriage, and sexuality in late modernity. Chapter two turns to Connolly's reading of the Edenic narrative, attending to his normative ethic of responsibility to the agon that offers strategies for inverting gender hierarchy that he claims Augustine reifies. Chapter three focuses on the biblical book of Job through which Connolly argues that Augustinian apophatic order produces an inferior ethics of compassion in comparison to an ontology of fugitive abundance. Section Two of the thesis shifts focus to two groups of Augustine's writings: the Cassiciacum dialogues and Confessions (with contemporaneously published treatises on marriage and celibacy). Chapter four finds an early Augustinian ecclesiology at Cassiciacum in which a community inclusive of contemplative and domestic forms of life together become a mode of indirect contemplation of the Triune God who orders all things. In chapter five, I interpret Augustine's famous conversion narrative in Book 8 of Confessions, claiming his learning to “read” the sacred sign of marriage in the Milanese catholic church was essential to his exercising faith in the Incarnate Son.

De nombreux resultats existent en geometrie algorithmique sur les objets lineaires (points, droites, plans, etc. ). Nous nous interessons ici a etudier les objets non-lineaires, et en particulier les spheres. Les methodes classiques employees pour les objets lineaires ne s'appliquent pas directement aux spheres. Le recours a des methodes de transformation (isomorphismes entre spheres de e#d et points de e#d#h) s'impose. Cette technique permet notamment de calculer l'enveloppe convexe de spheres en toute dimension (et l'algorithme est optimal en dimension paire). L'etude des spheres s'applique naturellement a la modelisation moleculaire. A partir des regles gouvernant les interactions moleculaires, il est possible de deduire des modeles pour predire la structure tridimensionnelle d'une molecule, les interactions d'un substrat avec un recepteur, ou meme concevoir de nouvelles molecules ayant une fonction specifique. La modelisation moleculaire est au carrefour de plusieurs domaines tels que la chimie, la biochimie, la biologie, et l'informatique. Ici nous nous interessons d'une part au calcul de la surface accessible a une molecule par le solvant (surface de connolly), et d'autre part aux possibilites d'interaction entre un substrat et un recepteur (docking)

Studiens mål är att undersöka hur läroplanens hänvisningar om att demokratiska värden ska genomsyra undervisningen påverkar läroböckernas innehåll kring demokratibegreppet. Studien bygger på en diskursanalytisk metod och resultatet bygger på läroböcker för samhällskunskap på gymnasiet som material. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten i studien grundar sig i diskursteori men även teori kring begrepp demokrati. Chantal Mouffe, William Connolly och Mats Lundström har alla en del i den teoretiska bakgrund mot analysen är gjord. Resultatet påvisar att de analyserade läroböcker tenderar att använda sig av demokratiska fri- och rättigheter för att förklara hur en demokrati konstrueras. Genom detta kommunicerar läroböckerna de demokratiska värdena i termer av vilka fri- och rättigheter det demokratiska samhället ska ha. Det har även påvisats att de demokratiska värdena är odefinierade och därmed görs tolkningar av vad de kan innefatta.
This study aims to present how the democratic values in the curriculum are exposed in the education and content about the democratic concept in textbooks. The study is based on and uses a discourse analysis as a method. The results of the study is based on textbooks for social science in the upper secondary high school. The theoretical point of view for this study is based on discourse theory but also theories about democracy as a concept. Chantal Mouffe, William Connolly and Mats Lundström have contributed to the theoretical background for the analysis in the study. The result showed that textbooks have a tendency to use democratic right and freedoms to legitimize and explain how the idea of democracy is constructed. Through this the textbooks tend to communicate the democratic values in terms of which democratic freedom and rights a society will have. It has also been demonstrated that democratic values ​​are undefined and thus interpreted by what they can include.

This thesis examines the literary journal Horizon, its editor Cyril Connolly, and a selection of its editorial articles, poems, short stories and essays in the context of the Second World War, from 1939-45. Analyses of these works, their representation of wartime experience, and their artistic merit, serve as evidence of a shared and sustained literary engagement with the war. Collectively, they demonstrate Horizon’s role as one of the primary outlets for British literature and cultural discourse during the conflict. Previous assessments of the magazine as an apolitical organ with purely aesthetic concerns have led to enduring critical neglect and misappraisal. This thesis shows that, contrary to the commonly held view, Horizon consistently offered space for political debate, innovative criticism, and war-relevant content. It argues that Horizon’s wartime writing is indicative of the many varied types of literary response to a war that was all but incomprehensible for those who experienced it. These poems, stories and essays offer a distinctive and illuminating insight into the war and are proof that a viable literary culture thrived during the war years. This thesis also argues that Horizon, as a periodical, should be considered as a creative entity in and of itself, and is worthy of being studied in this light. The magazine’s constituent parts, interesting enough when considered separately, are shaped, informed, and granted new shades of meaning by their position alongside other works in Horizon. Chapters in the thesis cover editorials and editing, poetry, short stories, political essays, and critical essays respectively. Analyses of individual works are situated in the context of larger concerns in order to demonstrate the coherence of debate and discourse that characterised Horizon’s wartime run. In arguing that Horizon is a singular creative entity worthy of consideration in its own right, this thesis locates itself within the emerging field of periodical studies. Further, by arguing that the magazine demonstrates the value of Second World War literature, it articulates with other recent attempts to reassess the scope and quality of that literature. More specifically, this thesis offers the first focused and in-depth analysis of Horizon’s formative years.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This thesis examines the literary journal Horizon, its editor Cyril Connolly, and a selection of its editorial articles, poems, short stories and essays in the context of the Second World War, from 1939-45. Analyses of these works, their representation of wartime experience, and their artistic merit, serve as evidence of a shared and sustained literary engagement with the war. Collectively, they demonstrate Horizon’s role as one of the primary outlets for British literature and cultural discourse during the conflict. Previous assessments of the magazine as an apolitical organ with purely aesthetic concerns have led to enduring critical neglect and misappraisal. This thesis shows that, contrary to the commonly held view, Horizon consistently offered space for political debate, innovative criticism, and war-relevant content. It argues that Horizon’s wartime writing is indicative of the many varied types of literary response to a war that was all but incomprehensible for those who experienced it. These poems, stories and essays offer a distinctive and illuminating insight into the war and are proof that a viable literary culture thrived during the war years. This thesis also argues that Horizon, as a periodical, should be considered as a creative entity in and of itself, and is worthy of being studied in this light. The magazine’s constituent parts, interesting enough when considered separately, are shaped, informed, and granted new shades of meaning by their position alongside other works in Horizon. Chapters in the thesis cover editorials and editing, poetry, short stories, political essays, and critical essays respectively. Analyses of individual works are situated in the context of larger concerns in order to demonstrate the coherence of debate and discourse that characterised Horizon’s wartime run. In arguing that Horizon is a singular creative entity worthy of consideration in its own right, this thesis locates itself within the emerging field of periodical studies. Further, by arguing that the magazine demonstrates the value of Second World War literature, it articulates with other recent attempts to reassess the scope and quality of that literature. More specifically, this thesis offers the first focused and in-depth analysis of Horizon’s formative years.

This thesis presents a synthetic and exegetical survey of William Connolly's writings over the past decade. The most important concepts in Connolly's political philosophy are explained in detail: identity formation through difference, resentment in late modernity, and the importance of affect for thought processes related to ethical and political judgment. Connolly's focus on the psychological and existential dimension of politics, and his serious engagement with the notion of difference, lead him to propose deep pluralism as a model for politics and ethics. This is based on his assessment of the positive dynamics at play in late modernity. Deep pluralism centres on the cultivation of an ethos of engagement, a distinctive sensibility which promotes the exercise of relational modesty, forbearance and generosity in our exchanges with others. Connolly's pioneering work on affect, immanence, culture, pluralism, fundamentalism and resentment show the value of his alternative framing of contemporary issues for political analysis.

In eastern Australia, the New England Fold Belt (NEFB) comprises an ancient convergent margin that was active from the Paleozoic until the late Mesozoic. Considerable effort has been expended in understanding the development of this margin over the past twenty years. However, proposed tectonic models for the orogen have either been too broad, ignoring contradictory local evidence, or too locally specific without paying attention to the 'big picture'. The research presented in this work addresses the issue of appropriate scale and depth of geological detail by studying the NEFB at the terrane-scale. Using one succession, the Silverwood Group of southeast Queensland, this work demonstrates that detailed sedimentological studies and basin analysis at the terrane-scale can help to refine hypotheses regarding the tectonic evolution of the NEFB. The Silverwood Group (Keinjan terrane), located approximately 140 km southwest of Brisbane, Australia, is a succession of arc-related basins that developed within an ancient intraoceanic island-arc during the mid-Cambrian to Late Devonian. From the base of the succession, the group consists of five formations totalling -9700 m. These include the Risdon Stud Formation (2500 m), Connolly Volcanics (2400 m), Bald Hill Formation (2450 m), Ormoral Volcanics (600 m) and the Bromley Hills Formation (1700 m). The Long Mountain Breccia Member (300m) is a separate unit which forms the lower part of the Bromley Hills Formation. The entire succession has been thrust west over the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous Texas beds. Elsewhere, the Silverwood Group is unconformably overlain by and faulted against Early to Late Permian units including the Rokeby beds, Wallaby beds, Tunnel beds, Fitz Creek beds, Eight Mile Creek beds, Rhyolite Range beds and Condamine beds. Of these Permian units, all but the Condamine beds form part of the Wildash Succession. To the west, southwest and south, the Silverwood Group is intruded by the Late Triassic Herries and Stanthorpe Adamellites. All of these sequences and the two plutonic intrusives are unconformably overlain by the Jurassic sediments of the Marburg Sandstone. The Silverwood Group and Texas beds consist of various lithologies including grey, purple- grey, green and green-grey volcaniclastic conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones or mudstones, massive and laminated chert, polymict or monomict breccias, muddy breccias, muddy sandstones, and volcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks include various tholeiitic metabasites, dolerite, meta-andesites and infrequent metadacite. In the Silverwood Group, these volcanic rocks are often accompanied by mafic pyroclastic rocks (e.g. peperite and hyaloclastite). Facies analyses of these lithologies has led to the recognition of 19 deep-marine turbiditic and volcanic/volcaniclastic facies that were deposited by three main processes: i) gravity-flow processes (e.g. low- and high-density volcaniclastic turbidites and mass-flows), ii) chemical/biological processes (siliceous oozes- chert) and iii) direct initiation by volcanic processes (e.g. flows, hypabyssal intrusions and associated pyroclastic facies). For the Silverwood Group, the defined facies occur in distinct vertical associations that form recognisable 3rd and 4th-order architectural elements such as channel, levee, suprafan lobe, outer-fan, basin plain, mass transport complex, volcanic flows, syn-sedimentary sills and syn-sedimentary emergent cryptodomes. These architectural elements are represented in a series of deep-marine depositional environments including slope, shelf-edge failure, submarine-fan and subaqueous basaltic volcanoes. The Risdon Stud Formation and parts of the Connolly Volcanics were deposited along a 'normal' clastic or mud, mud/sand-rich and/or sand/mud-rich slope. Both upper and lower slope environments are represented and in both formations, the slope is speculated to have faced eastwards and prograded away from an active arc located west. Sediments from both successions accumulated at palaeodepths of 1200 to 2000 m. Although sediments from the upper part of the Bald Hill Formation were also deposited on a slope, these sequences have subsequently collapsed into the depocentre to form extensive slump deposits accompanied by olistoliths of older arc crust. The lower part of the Bald Hill Formation formed by similar processes, although the failure was far more extensive (>20 km along strike). This latter part of the formation is interpreted to be a major shelf-edge failure succession. Upper parts of the Bald Hill Formation also accumulated at palaeodepths of 1200 to 2000 m, but the deposition of these sediments occurred farthest from the shelf and at the greatest depth compared to the Risdon Stud Formation and Connolly Volcanics. Lower parts of the Bald Hill Formation were deposited at palaeodepths of approximately 1700 m. Subaqueous basaltic volcanoes are prominent in the Connolly Volcanics, Bald Hill Formation and Ormoral Volcanics. In the Bald Hill Formation, igneous rocks were emplaced into the shelf-edge failure succession as a series of syn-sedimentary sills and cryptodomes. These high-level hypabyssal rocks occasionally became emergent above the sediment-water interface, whereupon they were partially resedimented. In some parts of the Bald Hill Formation, the hypabyssal intrusions were blanketed by basin plain deposits that are contemporaneous with the slumps and olistoliths in the upper part of the formation. The intrusive rocks were emplaced at 1700 m palaeodepth. Unlike the Bald Hill Formation, the Ormoral Volcanics and lower parts of the Connolly Volcanics form thick accumulations of extrusive volcanic and pyroclastic rocks that built a significant volcanic pile. Volcanic and pyroclastic facies within these successions were deposited proximal to their source (0-10 km of vent). Extrusive rocks within the Ormoral Volcanics are thought to be derived from intrabasinal fissure-vents located at palaeodepths of 1700 to 3100 m. Igneous rocks from the Connolly Volcanics, Bald Hill Formation and Ormoral Volcanics have the petrological and geochemical characteristics of back-arc basin basalts (BAB) that were sourced from undepleted to slightly enriched Fertile MORB Mantle-wedge (FMM). The FMM material was variably enriched in trace elements by fluids derived from the subducting slab prior to emplacement of the igneous rocks. Immediately following emplacement, these rocks were hydrothermally metamorphosed under conditions of low-pressure and transitional low to high-temperature (200-300 °C). By contrast, igneous rocks within the Texas beds lack enrichment in subduction components and are characteristic of N-MORB. The Bromley Hills Formation is a sand-rich point-source submarine fan deposited at palaeodepths of 500 to 2000 m. The fan was initiated by a mass transport complex resulting from subaerial collapse of a basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano. The submarine fan is characterised by two repetitive stages of retrogressive sedimentation during which channel-levee elements (inner-fan channels) are overlain by suprafan lobe elements (mid-fan) and then by outer-fan deposits as sea-level rises within the depocentre. Both inner-fan channels and suprafan lobes show centralised stacking patterns with limited lateral migration that indicate the depocentre was laterally restricted during sedimentation (e.g. submarine ridges). The Bromley Hills Formation exhibits all the characteristics typical of an active margin fan that formed by a combination of tectonic stage initiation followed by eustatically controlled regressive deposition. Volcaniclastic sediments of the Silverwood Group range in composition from lithic to lithic- feldspathic wackes and arenites, although they are mainly lithic or feldspathic-lithic wackes and arenites. Many samples are tuffaceous (25-75% pyroclasts), particularly those from the Connolly Volcanics, Ormoral Volcanics and Bromley Hills Formation. Samples in the Bald Hills Formation and Texas beds can be classified as quartz-rich. The majority of the Silverwood Group was sourced from an undissected intraoceanic island-arc, although sediments within the Bald Hill Formation exhibit a provenance that is characteristic of uplift within the arc (recorded as a 'strike-slip continental arc' model). Epiclastic sediments from the Texas beds were sourced from a transitional to dissected continental arc. Formations of the Silverwood Group were mostly deposited in a series of intra-arc basins within an ancient intra-oceanic island arc, although the lowermost formation developed in a marginal basin (Risdon Stud Formation). All of the basins were located east of the active arc (behind the arc), keeping in mind the present location of the Group relative to the Texas-Coffs Harbour megafold. The entire succession formed during four-phases of arc-related basin development that coincide with major changes in the strain regime of the arc. From the base of the succession, these changes are: I) mid Cambrian to late Silurian marginal basin sedimentation- relative compression within the arc (Risdon Stud Formation), II) late Silurian to Early Devonian intra-arc rifting- relative extension within the arc (Connolly Volcanics), Ill) Early to early Middle Devonian basin collapse followed by intra-arc rifting- relative extension to compression (Bald Hill Formation and Ormoral Volcanics) and IV) early Middle to Late Devonian intra-arc submarine fan sedimentation- relative compression (Bromley Hills Formation). Comparing the Silverwood Group against equivalent terranes of Cambrian to Devonian age within the New England Fold Belt (NEFB) suggests that the Gamilaroi terrane, Calliope Volcanic Assemblage, Willowie Creek beds and Silverwood Group all formed as one intraoceanic island-arc during the Early to Late Devonian. Prior to this, significant differences in the sedimentological evolution of these terranes suggests that they occupied different positions relative to each other within the one arc. It is proposed that the NEFB formed as a result of dual west-directed subduction zones during the Cambrian to Middle Devonian period. During this time, a single intraoceanic island-arc located seaward of the Australian craton developed above a west-directed subduction zone. This arc was separated from the craton by a marginal sea. A second west-directed subduction zone was located beneath a continental arc developed on the Australian craton. Cambrian to Early Devonian terranes within and along the Peel Fault are proposed to form a part of the ancient subduction zone present beneath the intraoceanic island-arc (Weraerai and Djungati terranes). Collision of the intraoceanic island-arc occurred during the Late Devonian, at which point west-directed subduction occurred beneath the Australian craton and the accreted intraoceanic island-arc. Following collision, a new continental volcanic arc was established that was active during the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
87
This thesis explores the politics of noramaliztion in our liberal democracy society. William E. Connolly, who teaches political theory at John Hopkins has dicussed this issue from the post-Nietzschean view from 1980’s. He drew his thought resources from the American linguistic analysis tradition and both Nietzsche and Foucault. The first part of the thesis would like to focus the discussion on Connolly’s recent books from 1980’s. Chapter one tries to locate the postmodern issues in the political thought that enables us to concentrate at the postmodern political issues. The very chapter also delineates the main concern of this thesis and makes a preparation for chapters below. From chapter two to chapter four, I pay attention to Connolly’s view on his criticims on the late-modern normalizing society and his suggestions of the solutions. He attempts to reconstitute the social ontology of liberal democracy and proposes a revised democratic theory which is named as agonistic democracy. He argues that the traditional pluralism is not sufficient to care about the “others” and tries to emphasize an ethos of pluralization which must coexist with the established pluralism.This alternative theory of democracy endorses specific economic equality policies and cross national, nonstate movements. The second part of the thesis would take an investigation into the concept of autonomy, which is usually thought as the core of liberalism. I would like to point out that “autonomy” is also an ambiguous achievements(in Connolly’s words) from Kant to Berlin. “Autonomy” may also be one of the social normailzing sources nowadays.The “contingency” which is appreciated in Connolly’s theory can try to neutralize the politics of autonomy.

Bibliography: leaves 199-233.
xvii, 233 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Describes the development of a method used for quantification of cytokine mRNA expression and its application to measuring changes in cytokine expression in the synovial tissue and lymph notes draining the hind feet of rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA).
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 1998

碩士
國立臺灣大學
歷史學研究所
105
The 1916 Easter Rising is a turning point of modern Irish history. Being the only socialist among the leaders who were executed after the surrender, James Connolly（1868-1916）’s political stance and his role during the Rising are often presented by researchers as ‘greening’ or ‘from red to green’. Yet how the two traditions, Socialism and the Irish Republicanism, intertwined with and mutually stimulated each other within Connolly’s political writings remains unclear. Since the first decade of the 21st century, massive research has made great progress in expanding the knowledge of this particular event. This study intends to bridge the gap between the latest research results and the prevailing ossified cognition of Connolly’s idea. Through re-examining Connolly’s political practice and writings, the author contends that the red-green rhetoric is inappropriate and incorrect, for the relation between Connolly and the Irish Republicanism is interactive and dialectical. By identifying Connolly as a critical inheritor of the Irish Republicanism, this study may deepen our interpretations of the Easter Rising and 20th century Irish history.

Bibliography : leaves 293-304.
xii, 304 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Zoology, 1994

Mon travail de maîtrise s'insère à l'intérieur du projet de recherche «Design et culture matérielle; développement communautaire et cultures autochtones» volet «mémoire du territoire» (2003-2008). Il s'agit d'un projet financé par le programme d'Alliance de Recherche Universités-Communautés (ARUC)1 du CRSH. De nature expérimentale, ce projet vise à inscrire la notion de patrimoine dans un contexte de développement communautaire. En même temps, cette recherche tente d'approfondir l'utilisation des concepts reliés au design comme outils de développement, mais aussi comme outils de valorisation, de promotion et de transmission culturelle. Mon projet de maîtrise consiste à mettre sur pied une méthodologie de développement communautaire inspirée d'une approche novatrice dans le domaine. La méthode préconisée est l'inventaire participatif qui permet à une communauté de mieux définir ce qu'elle considère comme étant son propre patrimoine culturel, par le biais d'une analyse de toutes les ressources potentielles du milieu. Cette méthode spécifique a été approfondie et expérimentée à maintes reprises par Hugues de Varine, expert international en développement communautaire et collaborateur au projet «Design et culture matérielle», dans des communautés françaises, portugaises et brésiliennes. Je m'intéresse à un thème particulier, celui de la culture matérielle. Un premier objectif de recherche était de déterminer comment cette méthode peut être appliquée dans un contexte autochtone québécois. Une expérience pilote fut donc menée dans la communauté autochtone de Mashteuiatsh où, avec la collaboration de la famille Connolly, une collecte de données a été réalisée dans la maison familiale avec quatre de ses membres : Maude, Henriette, Jean-Marie et Jacynthe Connolly. Un deuxième objectif de recherche était de mobiliser la participation collective des individus ciblés par l'étude à l'identification et à la définition de leur propre patrimoine matériel communautaire, un patrimoine vivant de plus en plus difficile pour les autochtones à reconnaître et à identifier, puisque submergé dans un contexte culturel imposé par l'invasion de cultures étrangères et par une certaine homogénéisation culturelle. Un troisième objectif de recherche était d'appliquer à l'inventaire participatif une banque de données informatisée conçue dans le cadre du projet «Design et culture matérielle» et créé en 1993 par Elisabeth Kaine et Pierre-André Vézina. 1 Projet dirigé par la professeure Elisabeth Kaine, département des Arts et lettres de l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi et co-dirigé par la professeure Élise Dubuc de l'Université de Montréal. Ce projet d'étude a amené les membres de la famille Connolly à réfléchir et à faire le bilan sur leur propre patrimoine matériel actuel et ce, à travers «l'inventaire participatif». Il a permis de vérifier la pertinence de l'outil informatique pour l'inventaire participatif, en plus de suggérer une approche plus conviviale pour son utilisation. Il a permis également de faire certaines recommandations au groupe de recherche quant à l'utilisation éventuelle de cet outil dans le cadre d'un inventaire participatif plus important. Une des particularités de ce mémoire est qu'il accorde une place importante à la transmission de concepts théoriques portant sur le développement durable, la culture, la perte de l'identité culturelle, la culture matérielle et finalement, le patrimoine comme outils de développement communautaire. Aborder la question de patrimoine matériel autochtone dans le cadre de ce projet de maîtrise est l'occasion de revenir sur des préoccupations omniprésentes en ce qui a trait à la perte de l'identité culturelle, sans pour autant y apporter de véritables réponses. Tenter de comprendre l'étendue et la complexité de ce phénomène exige des recherches et des études plus exhaustives. Ma volonté était simplement de favoriser chez le lecteur, une plus grande ouverture et une meilleure compréhension de concepts relativement complexes sur le sujet qui nous intéresse.

This project was instigated by the need to understand anthropogenic impacts on streams in the Queensland Wet Tropics bioregion, in particular the clearing of riparian vegetation and the increased flux of nutrients entering streams due to altered land use. Chapter 2 provides an introduction to the patterns and processes determining invertebrate diversity in streams in the Wet Tropics, and subsequent chapters describe how land-use change has altered the basal resources of these streams and how these changes influenced biological processes and their productivity and diversity. Nutrient enrichment interacts with the availability of organic matter and can reduce constraints on material flow and lead to increased productivity of invertebrates in these heterotrophic ecosystems. To understand these bottom-up influences I measured the response of invertebrate assemblages to two key basal resources – nutrients and terrestrial leaf litter – in manipulative experiments and in situ in streams subject to the impacts of agriculture. I used artificial stream channels to investigate the effects of nutrient supplements on primary production, the decomposition of leaf litter, and the abundance and composition of the benthic invertebrate assemblage. In the first series of experiments the rates of decomposition were measured for leaves of four rainforest species with and without a broad nutrient supplement and with and without the presence of the shredder Anisocentropus kirramus. The decomposition of some leaf species was enhanced, but levels of chlorophyll a and fine particulate organic matter did not differ between treatment and control channels. Treatment channels contained 75% more invertebrates than control channels but only five of the total of 109 invertebrate species showed significant change (all positive), and there was no change in species richness or evenness. I also tested the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient enrichment separately. I measured the amount of leaf material consumed or decomposed and the microbial biomass colonising the leaves. Supplements of phosphorus, but not nitrogen, enhanced leaf breakdown, microbial growth and growth of A. kirramus larvae. Microbial biomass and dry mass of larvae increased with nutrient enrichment and they were significantly correlated. Thus the phosphorus supplement was transmitted through the detrital food web via the microbial pathway, resulting in higher nutritional quality of leaves and enhanced physiological condition of the shredder. The lack of a response in the assemblage composition to nutrient enrichment was surprising given the magnitude of the nutrient enhancement and because it was clearly entering trophic pathways. To investigate the relationship between productivity and diversity, and how it might apply in these heterotrophic stream assemblages, I tested how the availability of a major resource (the abundance of leaf litter) affected invertebrate productivity and diversity at two scales (individual cobble/leaf packs in artificial stream channels, and whole-channel scales) and investigated the mechanisms by which different patterns, positive or negative, and particularly a hump-shaped relationship between productivity and diversity, could be explained. At the channel scale, macroinvertebrate diversity increased monotonically with the number of leaf packs present in the channels. However, at the cobble/leaf-pack scale, diversity had a humpshaped relationship with % leaf pack cover. The divergence between channel-scale and cobble/leaf-pack-scale richness at high % leaf-pack cover suggested that there were new species occurring in cobble/leaf packs in the treatment with higher % leaf-pack cover. In contrast with prevailing theory, β diversity was consistently high and the monotonic increase in invertebrate richness was attributed to the increasing number of individual cobble/leaf packs in the higher-cover treatments. That is, despite a unimodal pattern at the smaller scale, the monotonic pattern at the larger scale was due to high β diversity ensuring a strong species-area effect. I measured the rates of colonisation and dispersal of invertebrates on leaf litter packs to confirm the duration of experiments and test the concept that immigration limitation was responsible for the hump-shaped productivity-diversity relationship at small scales. I tracked the composition of the invertebrates colonising leaf packs through time and fitted an equilibrium model to the data to provide estimates of immigration and emigration rates. Emigration rates were also independently determined using drift nets. Both the mean number of individuals and mean number of taxa systematically approached an upper limit by day 24 although turnover of taxa on leaf packs continued to occur. A few taxa had very high mobility, with 50% or more individuals moving each day. Many other taxa had a pattern of slower, more sustained colonisation with less than 10% of individuals leaving a site each day. Ordination indicated a progressive shift in assemblage composition through the colonisation period and a convergence of the compositions on days 24 and 38. These results suggest that the invertebrate assemblage inhabiting the leaf packs approximated equilibrium and was in a dynamic flux at small (leaf pack) scales. The numbers of potential invertebrate immigrants entering the artificial stream channels through drift was determined by the stream flow into the channels. Thus, differences in the number of leaf packs within the channels in the productivity gradient experiments altered the immigration probabilities at the cobble/leaf pack scale, and it was concluded that constrained immigration dynamics at high litter pack levels was responsible for the declining limb in the hump- shaped productivity-diversity pattern. These results are particularly interesting in that a hump-shaped pattern was nested within a monotonic pattern at the larger scale, even within a confined system, and provide new insight in to how a productivity gradient might affect diversity in biological communities and be scale-dependent. To generalise the results of these experiments and test them in a large-scale environment, I investigated patterns of water quality and macroinvertebrate distributions in streams affected by agricultural land use. There was a strong negative relationship between invertebrate richness and distance downstream, driven by a gradient of reducing substratum particle size. The abundance of invertebrates was most strongly influenced by mean sediment size, while invertebrate richness was influenced by a combination of sediment size and the availability of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), mainly terrestrial leaf litter. When substratum particle size was accounted for, richness was reduced by ~24% in streams with limited availability of CPOM, resulting from lower riparian forest cover upstream. High concentrations of fertilizer-derived nitrate may have boosted invertebrate abundances, but only in upper-mid sections of streams, where coarse substrata (> 100 mm) and high insolation were available. My results indicated only a modest effect of the riparian zone on NOₓ–stripping compared with the large input from agricultural land use, and suggest that with current inputs, the NOₓ concentrations in these streams are largely independent of the riparian zone. The consistent pattern of downstream increase in NOₓ concentrations, and the short residence times of water in these streams, also suggests there is no major in-stream uptake of NOₓ. Therefore, it appears that the majority of inorganic nitrogen entering these streams from surrounding agriculture is not being utilised within the stream, but is exported. Concentrations of different species of phosphorus showed little change or a decline in concentration with distance downstream. However, particulate and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations did increase significantly following rainfall, indicating that both are exported from the catchment. The total phosphorus concentrations in these streams were similar to, or above, the response concentrations observed in the enrichment experiments (~20 μgP L⁻¹), but concentrations of filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP) were generally lower than those that induced a response in the experiments. The low concentrations of FRP and the decline in concentration with distance downstream suggest that phosphorus was being assimilated and, particularly given the abundance of NOₓ, it appears likely that phosphorus is limiting in these streams. This concurs with the findings of the enrichment experiments, and may explain the weak response of the invertebrate assemblage to the greatly increased NOₓ concentrations in the streams. The components of this thesis enhance understanding of how selected human impacts affect the ecology of the invertebrate assemblages of low-order streams in the Wet Tropics bioregion. I have demonstrated how organic matter and nutrient availability play a central role in the ecology of these streams and how the strong linkages between nutrient and carbon cycles influence decomposer activity, consumer nutrition and energy flow through their food webs. I have also demonstrated responses of invertebrate assemblages to land-use impacts and, more importantly, I have explained the mechanisms by which the ecology and biodiversity of these systems have been modified by shifts in the basal resources, productivity and transfer of energy and nutrients. It is important to understand the processes that determine the humpshaped productivity-diversity relationship because productivity is increasingly being affected by anthropogenic fertilisation in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Therefore, an understanding of the processes that produce the hump-shaped relationship will help us to predict when a decline in diversity might occur and to develop the necessary measures to predict a decline in diversity.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1991.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [142]-150).

碩士
東吳大學
英文學系
97
The Book of Lost Things, a contemporary reinterpreted fairy tale novel, is popular not only among adolescents but also grown-ups. It talks about childhood and grief, about the transition from childhood to adulthood, forming a story of a young hero’s spiritual journey. In my thesis, I attempt to employ a psychological approach, mainly Carl Jung’s analytical psychological theory, to analyze John Connolly’s third successful novel. Jung, an analytical psychologist, believed that the “collective unconscious,” the core idea of his work, is shared by all human beings, and is revealed through archetypes and symbols. He explained that fairy tales address not only the deepest psychological and moral qualities, but also can help us to recognize the darkest parts of the human person. The thesis is divided into five chapters. In Chapter One, I will give a general introduction to the whole thesis. The second chapter focuses on the essence of the fairy tales and its significance. Moreover, I will briefly give some comparative study of some representative Grimm Brother’s fairy stories and Connolly’s rewritten versions. In Chapter Three, I will mainly adopt Carl Jung’s analytical psychology to reinterpret The Book of Lost Things. In my fourth chapter, I will use a traditional literary analysis approach to examine this contemporary novel, namely, do the textual analysis of its theme, genre, structure, and so on. My fifth part is the concluding chapter, which will be a summary of the main points of each chapter.