Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Connexome'
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Blandin, Camille. "Rôle de la protéine d'échafaudage CASK dans le remodelage adaptatif et pathologique, chez le rongeur et l'Homme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS503.
Full textThe intercalated disc is the molecular entity that connects two adjacent cardiomyocytes at their terminal ends, both electrically and mechanically, via specific protein complexes. The organization of the disc, which ensures the cohesion of myocardial cells during contraction and relaxation cycles, is a hallmark of the maturity and functionality of the cardiomyocyte. Disorganization of the disc is a common feature of many cardiac pathologies, both inherited and acquired. Understanding the molecular processes involved in the organization of this membrane domain, and its disorganization in the pathological context, is a very active field of research. In this context, we have identified a lateral membrane protein, CASK, which controls the organization of intercalated disc proteins by regulating their anterograde trafficking. In in vitro models (neonatal rat cardiomyocytes or cardiomyocytes derived from induced human pluripotent stem cells), invalidation of CASK promotes the organization and stability of disc proteins. Invalidation of CASK in rodents also promotes disc protein organization and leads to improved cardiac performance. In human arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), a pathological condition associated with loss of cohesion between cardiomyocytes due to altered desmosome-type mechanical contacts, CASK expression is increased. In vitro, in a human cell model of ARVC, CASK invalidation restores the integrity of desmosomal contacts. Taken together, our results suggest that CASK is a major regulator of intracellular trafficking, addressing and organization of intercalated disc proteins
Cury, Florence. "La suffisante complétude connexe." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077024.
Full textGärtner-Grätz, Christiane. "Einfluss der endothelialen Connexine auf die Angiogenese." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-163885.
Full textALLYS, LOIC. "Problemes de 3-connexite dans les systemes isotropes." Le Mans, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LEMA1015.
Full textPatoine, Dany. "Implication des connexons dans les effets de l'ischémie cardiaque." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24889/24889.pdf.
Full textMainetti, Nicolas. "Semi-normes multiplicatives : connexite par arcs et proprietes spectrales." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF22040.
Full textMameri, Djelloul. "L'indépendant faiblement connexe : études algorithmiques et polyédrales." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22513/document.
Full textIn this work, we focus on a topology for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A wireless sensor network can be modeled as an undirected graph G = (V,E). Each vertex of V represents a sensor and an edge e = {u, v} in E implies a direct transmission between the two sensors u and v. Unlike wired devices, wireless sensors are not a priori arranged in a network. Topology should be made by selecting some sensor as dominators nodes who manage transmissions. Architectures that have been studied in the literature are mainly based on connected dominating sets and weakly connected dominating sets.This study is devoted to weakly connected independent sets. An independent set S ⊂ V is said Weakly Connected if the graph GS = (V, [S, V \S]) is connected, where [S, V \S] is the set of edges with exactly one end in S. A sensor network topology based on weakly connected sets is partition into three groups, slaves, masters and bridges. The first performs the measurements, the second gathers the collected data and the later provides the inter-group communications. We first give some properties of this combinatorial structure when the undirected graph G is connected. Then we provide complexity results for the problem of finding the minimum weakly connected independent set problem (MWCISP). We also describe an exact enumeration algorithm of complexity O∗(1.4655|V |) (for the (MWCISP)). Numerical tests of this exact procedure are also presented. We then present an integer programming formulation for the minimum weakly connected independent set problem and discuss its associated polytope. Some classical graph operations are also used for defining new polyhedra from pieces. We give valid inequalities and describe heuristical separation algorithms for them. Finally, we develop a branch-and-cut algorithm and test it on two classes of graphs
Silacheva, Maria. "Expression hétérologue de la connexine humaine 43 dans Escherichia coli." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY005.
Full textMembrane proteins (MPs) are major functional components of biological membranes. Keycellular processes are regulated with the help of MPs. Despite high importance and greatscientific and pharmaceutical interest, structures of MPs represent only a tiny fraction of all3D structures in Protein Data Bank. Human MPs are particularly challenging targets. Out ofmore than 7000 human MPs, structures of only about 30 were elucidated.The main reasons which make MPs so difficult to study are their low natural abundance andhydrophobic nature. Expression level of MPs in their natural sources is usually rather low.Heterologous overexpression often leads to inactive protein.Connexins comprise a family of vertebrate integral MPs that are widely expressed throughoutbody and involved in a wide variety of processes essential for normal physiological function.They are able to oligomerize and form intercellular channels which compose gap junctions.Gap junctional communication plays crucial role in normal tissue function and organdevelopment. Connexin gene mutations cause a number of inherited disorders.By now a wealth of knowledge is available about physiology of connexins and their channelpore permeability. However, atomic resolution structure of gap junction channel formed byonly one connexin family member (connexin 26) was determined. This is mostly explained bydifficulty to produce sufficient for crystallization amount of pure and homogenous protein.Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the best-studied gap junction protein, and it is widely expressedthroughout the human body. Initial structural studies by electron microscopy have shown thatflexible C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of Cx43 (Cx43CT) worsens diffraction quality of 2Dcrystals. Removal of most of the Cx43CT improved resolution of transmembrane segments ofCx43. Truncated at residue 263 mutant of Cx43 (Cx43-263T) still was able to form2D crystals and assembled into gap junctions. Thus, the present work is dedicated to the studyof three forms of Cx43, namely Cx43-263T, Cx43CT, and full-length Cx43.Performed in our work connexin gene optimization for E.coli codon bias and minimization ofstability of mRNA secondary structure significantly enhanced expression of Cx43 and Cx43-263T. Procedures for Cx43-263T and Cx43 purification were developed. The purified proteinwas reconstituted into amphipathic polymer amphipol A8-35 and characterized by SEC, DLS,and SAXS. Applied independent techniques showed self-assembling of purified Cx43-263Tinto hexamers demonstrating its functionality.Cx43CT was overexpressed in E.coli and purified to homogeneity. The protein wascharacterized by SEC, DLS, TSA, and SAXS. The concentration-dependent oligomerizationwas established.In the beginning of our project Cx43-263T and Cx43 were overexpressed in E. coli usingMistic fusion protein. A number of constructs providing various linkers and proteaserecognition sites were generated. To remove Mistic from the produced proteins in vivo and invitro cleavage were tested. All generated constructs demonstrated high resistance to specificproteolysis in wide range of conditions.Mistic (membrane integrating sequence for translation of integral membrane proteinconstructs) from B. subtilis was overexpressed in E.coli and purified to homogeneity usingdifferent detergents. While the tertiary structure of solubilized in lauryldimethylamine oxideMistic was determined earlier, the native structure of Mistic in lipid environment elucidatingits function is not available yet. In the present work Mistic was reconstituted into differentlipids and used for initial in meso crystallization trials. Additionally, Mistic was used forproduction of anti-Mistic antibodies
Stang, Alexander. "Charakterisierung verschiedener Connexine in der Retina des Karpfens und der Ratte." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960228128.
Full textMarx-Stölting, Philip. "Connexine, Zellverbindungen und der Rezeptor c-Met in der Murinen Hepatokanzerogenese /." Berlin : Logos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990755983/04.
Full textJeanson, Tiffany. "Connexine 43 astrocytaire et antidépresseurs : une nouvelle approche thérapeutique des douleurs neuropathiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066259/document.
Full textNeuropathic pain, characterised by a marked prevalence, is the consequence of nerve compression or lesion. Antidepressants represent the main treatments of this disease, however, medical needs remain mostly unsatisfied by these molecules. In order to improve this therapeutical approach, my thesis work has focussed on astroglial connexin 43 (Cx43) that has recently been involved in the mechanism of action of antidepressant as well as in neuropathic pain. The first part of my work, performed in primary cultures of mouse cortical astrocytes, has allowed to reinforce the link between antidepressants and Cx43 in astrocytes. Whereas its expression was unchanged in our model, an heterogeneous effect of antidepressants was observed on the intercellular communication of astrocytes. Furthermore, all tested molecules led to the inhibition of Cx43 hemichannel activity in an inflammatory context, our study is the first to report such effect. Interestingly, antidepressants prescribed in neuropathic pain induced inhibition of coupling and/or hemichannels. The second part of my work concerned the combination between amitriptyline and mefloquine. This is based on combinatorial approaches proposed by Theranexus, a start-up partner in this project. The association of the two molecules presented a synergy on astroglial coupling reduction in vitro correlated to a potentiation of the anti-hyperalgesic effect of amitriptyline in vivo, in rats with injured sciatic nerve. These results confirm the implication of the astroglial Cx43 in the antinociceptive response to antidepressants
Gebhard, Sonja. "Myokardiales Expressionsmuster der natriuretischen Peptide und Connexine bei dilatativer Kardiomyopathie und kongentialen Vitien." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-61063.
Full textCarette, Diane. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires responsables de l'effet dominant négatif de la connexine 33." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T008.
Full textFiorini, Céline. "Caractérisation et rôle de la connexine 33 dans le contrôle de la spermatogenèse." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4053.
Full textStrale, Pierre-Olivier. "Effet de l'inhibition de l'expression de la Cx43 sur les capacités prolifératives et invasives des cellules U251 de glioblastome." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/21982/2010-Strale-Pierre-Olivier-These.pdf.
Full textIn order to elucidate what are the phenotypic characteristics controlled by Cx43 in glioblastoma cells, we inhibited its expression, by using the shRNA strategy, in human glioblastoma U251 cells. This approach confirmed that Cx43 is involved in various processes associated to glioma development. Indeed, if its sbsence favors cell proliferation under some conditions (growth in soft agar), it increase angiogenesis while decreasing the adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, the invasion capacity in Boyden chamber and ex vivo tissue invasion. Moreover, since the invasive capacities of glioblastoma cells are responsible for the tumor recurrence, we were interested to see how Cx43 regulates such capacities. First, a proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry of the secretome of rat glioma cells permitted to consider that such a capacity which is induced by the expression of Cx43 is at least partly mediated by a different pool of secreted proteins [citokines (MCP-1, TGF-β binding protein 1, galectin-1), proteases (MMP3, cathepsins B and L1) and extracellular matrix compounds (fibronectin, SPARC, collagen- α-1) are notably oversecreted by rat C6 glioma cells expressing Cx43]. Second, our study demonstrates that lipid rafts are involved in the invasion process controlled by Cx43. Indeed, the chemically-induced disorganization of these membrane microdomains leads to a drastic decrease of the invasive capacities of U251 cells associated with the inhibition of communication capacities between themselves (homocellular communication) or between them and the astrocytes in primary cultures (heterocellular communication). In conclusion, our results suggest that Cx43 play a complex and even contradictory role in the control of the phenotype of glioblastoma cells. Indeed, while Cx43 inhibits the proliferation of U251 cells, it favors their invasive capacities in association with the presence of lipid rafts
Baïou, Mourad. "Le probleme du sous-graphe steiner 2-arete connexe : approche polyedrale." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10197.
Full textChepied, Amandine. "Étude de l'implication de la Connexine 43 dans le processus d'invasion des glioblastomes humains." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2274/document.
Full textSince several decades, the gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is known to be involved in carcinogenesis. This involvement seems complicated by the fact that connexins could increase cancer cells invasion ability while decreasing their proliferation. This was especially observed for connexin 43 (Cx43) in the case of glioma cells. But high-grade gliomas, glioblastoma multiform (GBM) has invasion properties that make it difficult to remove surgically and promote their recurrence. To clarify the Cx43 role in the control of GBM cells invasive capacities, we used the GBM U251 cell line expressing Cx43 levels, mRNA and protein, reduced by shRNA strategy. Through this approach, we confirmed that Cx43 expression level is associated with the invasive capacity of GBM cells. Furthermore we have shown, for the first time, that Cx43 is localized in invasive proteolytic structures, the invadopodia. We also show that, by its location, Cx43 promotes invadopodia formation by acting as a scaffolding protein that allows Src and Cortactin interaction. Moreover, Cx43 hemichannel activity, probably inhibited by Bisphenol A, has negative effects on invadopodia kinetics development. A proteome and secretome study of U251 cells and shRNA clones allowed the identification of proteins involved in invasion and invadopodia formation and function.In conclusion, Cx43 participates in the invasive process of GBM cells by promoting invadopodia formation and function. This new function of Cx43 seems to be the result of its scaffold proteins and hemichannel properties, but not its role described mainly in CIJG
Dupays, Laurent [Pascal]. "Régulation de l'expression de la connexine 40, protéine jonctionnelle majeure du tissu conducteur myocardique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22076.
Full textCarrondo, Cottin Sylvine. "Expression et localisation de la connexine 43 dans le glioblastome : implication pour la thérapie génique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25515/25515.pdf.
Full textThe bystander effect is essential to the success of the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ganciclovir (GCV) strategy for cancer therapy. It consists of the transfer of phosphorylated GCV from HSV-tk+ cells to neighboring HSV-tk- cells, and it is mainly mediated via gap junctions that are made up of connexin molecules (Cx). Down-regulation and/or perinuclear localization of Cxs are common in tumors, and in theory it should decrease the efficacy of the HSV-tk/GCV treatment. The HSV-tk/GCV approach has been tested in glioblastoma patients although the status of Cx43 expression (the Cx member expressed in astrocytes) is unclear in this tumor type. In this study, we have carefully evaluated the Cx43 expression, specific localization and functionality in glioblastoma cell lines, biopsies and primary glioblastoma cell cultures. In the glioblastoma cell lines studied (SKI-1, U251 and U87), Cx43 accumulated mainly in late endosomes and lysosomes as compared to HeLa/Cx43 transfected cells that displayed Cx43 at the cellular membrane. Gap junctions were observed in U87 cells, but very few or rare plaques were present at the surface of SKI-1 and U251 cells, respectively. Surprisingly, calcein, a dye commonly used to assess the functionality of gap junctions, was able to diffuse more efficiently within U87 and SKI-1 cells than in HeLa/Cx43 cells. Furthermore, a strong bystander effect was mediated by HSV-tk+ SKI-1 and U87 cells treated with GCV. The use of a specific inhibitor of gap junction permeability, confirmed that the bystander effect in these cell lines was mainly due to gap junctions. Moreover, transfection of a Cx43 dominant negative mutant and specific siRNA against Cx43 mRNA defined this Cx subtype as the major component of gap junctions in these glioblastoma cell lines. The level of Cx43 expression was next assessed in seventy-four glioblastoma biopsies. Cx43 expression was mainly lower than in normal tissue, but only 23% of the glioblastoma samples studied lacked Cx43 expression. Eight glioblastoma primary cultures were derived from surgical resection, and seven of them expressed Cx43, although at different levels. A cytoplasmic localization of Cx43 was also observed in four primary cultures. Despite this predominant intracellular accumulation of Cx43, cells were able to communicate in an efficient manner as demonstrated with a dye transfer assay. A lentiviral vector containing HSV-tk has been constructed and bystander effect experiments with these primary glioblastoma cells were carried out. We noticed that the bystander effect was significative in primary cells expressing Cx43 wherever the Cx43 was localized, and no bystander effect was detected in cells without Cx43 expression. Our results indicate that Cx43 is expressed in the majority of glioblastomas. Cx43 can be found in glioblastoma cell lines and primary cultures at the cell surface, but also in perinuclear areas. This aberrant localization of Cx43 did not prevent the diffusion of molecules, suggesting that the few gap junction plaques present in glioblastoma cells are highly functional. These results suggest that glioblastoma is a suitable candidate for the HSV-tk/GCV approach contrary to some other tumor types in which the lack of Cx has been well documented. According to these results, the level of Cx43 should be tested in patient biopsies used for diagnostics and considered for patient enrollment in clinical trials.
Carrondo, Cottin Sylvine, and Cottin Sylvine Carrondo. "Expression et localisation de la connexine 43 dans le glioblastome : implication pour la thérapie génique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25648.
Full textL’effet de proximité est essentiel à la réussite de la stratégie thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ganciclovir (GCV) dans le traitement du cancer. Cette propriété correspond au transfert de GCV phosphorylé des cellules tumorales HSV-tk+ vers les cellules tumorales HSV-tk–, et est essentiellement médiée par les jonctions gap (JGs) constituées de molécules de connexine (Cx). Une perte d’expression et/ou une localisation périnucléaire des connexines est souvent décrite dans les tumeurs, ce qui pourrait conduire, en théorie, à une diminution de l’efficacité du traitement HSV-tk/GCV. L’approche HSV-tk/GCV a été testée au cours d’essais cliniques pour le traitement du glioblastome bien que l’expression de la Cx43 (principal constituant des JGs dans les astrocytes) ne soit parfaitement définie. Au cours de mes travaux, l’expression de la Cx43, sa localisation et sa fonctionnalité ont été étudiées dans des lignées établies, des biopsies et des cultures primaires de glioblastome. Dans les trois lignées immortalisées de glioblastome étudiées, la Cx43 se retrouve essentiellement localisée dans les endosomes et les lysosomes comparativement aux cellules HeLa/Cx43 qui présentent une localisation membranaire de la Cx43. Des JGs ont été observées dans la lignée U87, mais très peu dans les lignées SKI-1 et U251. De façon surprenante, les lignées SKI-1 et U87 présentent une capacité jonctionnelle supérieure à celle des cellules HeLa/Cx43. De plus, un important effet de proximité a pu être mesuré dans les cellules SKI-1 et U87 suite au traitement par le GCV. L’utilisation d’un inhibiteur spécifique de la perméabilité des JGs a confirmé que l’effet de proximité induit dans ces lignées est principalement dû aux JGs. De plus, la transfection d’un mutant dominant négatif de la Cx43 ou de siARN spécifiques des ARNm de la Cx43 a permis d’identifier la Cx43 comme le principal constituant des JGs dans ces lignées de glioblastome. L’expression de la Cx43 a été mesurée sur soixante-quatorze biopsies de glioblastome. Si son expression est souvent plus faible que dans le tissu sain, seulement 23% des échantillons sont dépourvus de Cx43. Huit lignées primaires ont été dérivées de résections de patients, et sept d’entre elles expriment la Cx43, cependant à différents niveaux d’intensité. Quatre lignées démontrent une localisation cytoplasmique de la Cx43. Malgré la localisation cytoplasmique prédominante de la Cx43, ces cellules sont capables de communiquer entre elles efficacement comme l’essai de double marquage en cytométrie de flux l’a démontré. Un vecteur lentiviral contenant le gène HSV-tk a été construit afin de mener les tests d’effet de proximité. Il a ainsi été mis en évidence que quelle que soit la localisation de la Cx43, l’effet de proximité est significatif dans toutes les lignées exprimant la Cx43 et inexistant lorsque la Cx43 n’est pas présente. Ces résultats démontrent que la Cx43 est exprimée dans la majorité des glioblastomes. La Cx43 peut être exprimée dans les lignées établies et les lignées primaires de glioblastome au niveau de la membrane plasmique ou dans le cytoplasme. Cette localisation aberrante ne bloque pas le transfert intercellulaire de molécules, ce qui suggère que les rares JGs présentes à la surface sont hautement fonctionnelles. Ces résultats indiquent que l’approche HSV-tk/GCV est un candidat valable pour le traitement du glioblastome, contrairement à d’autres tumeurs pour lesquelles la perte d’expression de Cx est bien documentée. Il serait ainsi intéressant que l’expression de la Cx43 soit étudiée dans les biopsies utilisées lors du diagnostic et constitue ainsi un prérequis pour le recrutement des patients lors d’essais cliniques.
The bystander effect is essential to the success of the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ganciclovir (GCV) strategy for cancer therapy. It consists of the transfer of phosphorylated GCV from HSV-tk+ cells to neighboring HSV-tk- cells, and it is mainly mediated via gap junctions that are made up of connexin molecules (Cx). Down-regulation and/or perinuclear localization of Cxs are common in tumors, and in theory it should decrease the efficacy of the HSV-tk/GCV treatment. The HSV-tk/GCV approach has been tested in glioblastoma patients although the status of Cx43 expression (the Cx member expressed in astrocytes) is unclear in this tumor type. In this study, we have carefully evaluated the Cx43 expression, specific localization and functionality in glioblastoma cell lines, biopsies and primary glioblastoma cell cultures. In the glioblastoma cell lines studied (SKI-1, U251 and U87), Cx43 accumulated mainly in late endosomes and lysosomes as compared to HeLa/Cx43 transfected cells that displayed Cx43 at the cellular membrane. Gap junctions were observed in U87 cells, but very few or rare plaques were present at the surface of SKI-1 and U251 cells, respectively. Surprisingly, calcein, a dye commonly used to assess the functionality of gap junctions, was able to diffuse more efficiently within U87 and SKI-1 cells than in HeLa/Cx43 cells. Furthermore, a strong bystander effect was mediated by HSV-tk+ SKI-1 and U87 cells treated with GCV. The use of a specific inhibitor of gap junction permeability, confirmed that the bystander effect in these cell lines was mainly due to gap junctions. Moreover, transfection of a Cx43 dominant negative mutant and specific siRNA against Cx43 mRNA defined this Cx subtype as the major component of gap junctions in these glioblastoma cell lines. The level of Cx43 expression was next assessed in seventy-four glioblastoma biopsies. Cx43 expression was mainly lower than in normal tissue, but only 23% of the glioblastoma samples studied lacked Cx43 expression. Eight glioblastoma primary cultures were derived from surgical resection, and seven of them expressed Cx43, although at different levels. A cytoplasmic localization of Cx43 was also observed in four primary cultures. Despite this predominant intracellular accumulation of Cx43, cells were able to communicate in an efficient manner as demonstrated with a dye transfer assay. A lentiviral vector containing HSV-tk has been constructed and bystander effect experiments with these primary glioblastoma cells were carried out. We noticed that the bystander effect was significative in primary cells expressing Cx43 wherever the Cx43 was localized, and no bystander effect was detected in cells without Cx43 expression. Our results indicate that Cx43 is expressed in the majority of glioblastomas. Cx43 can be found in glioblastoma cell lines and primary cultures at the cell surface, but also in perinuclear areas. This aberrant localization of Cx43 did not prevent the diffusion of molecules, suggesting that the few gap junction plaques present in glioblastoma cells are highly functional. These results suggest that glioblastoma is a suitable candidate for the HSV-tk/GCV approach contrary to some other tumor types in which the lack of Cx has been well documented. According to these results, the level of Cx43 should be tested in patient biopsies used for diagnostics and considered for patient enrollment in clinical trials.
The bystander effect is essential to the success of the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ganciclovir (GCV) strategy for cancer therapy. It consists of the transfer of phosphorylated GCV from HSV-tk+ cells to neighboring HSV-tk- cells, and it is mainly mediated via gap junctions that are made up of connexin molecules (Cx). Down-regulation and/or perinuclear localization of Cxs are common in tumors, and in theory it should decrease the efficacy of the HSV-tk/GCV treatment. The HSV-tk/GCV approach has been tested in glioblastoma patients although the status of Cx43 expression (the Cx member expressed in astrocytes) is unclear in this tumor type. In this study, we have carefully evaluated the Cx43 expression, specific localization and functionality in glioblastoma cell lines, biopsies and primary glioblastoma cell cultures. In the glioblastoma cell lines studied (SKI-1, U251 and U87), Cx43 accumulated mainly in late endosomes and lysosomes as compared to HeLa/Cx43 transfected cells that displayed Cx43 at the cellular membrane. Gap junctions were observed in U87 cells, but very few or rare plaques were present at the surface of SKI-1 and U251 cells, respectively. Surprisingly, calcein, a dye commonly used to assess the functionality of gap junctions, was able to diffuse more efficiently within U87 and SKI-1 cells than in HeLa/Cx43 cells. Furthermore, a strong bystander effect was mediated by HSV-tk+ SKI-1 and U87 cells treated with GCV. The use of a specific inhibitor of gap junction permeability, confirmed that the bystander effect in these cell lines was mainly due to gap junctions. Moreover, transfection of a Cx43 dominant negative mutant and specific siRNA against Cx43 mRNA defined this Cx subtype as the major component of gap junctions in these glioblastoma cell lines. The level of Cx43 expression was next assessed in seventy-four glioblastoma biopsies. Cx43 expression was mainly lower than in normal tissue, but only 23% of the glioblastoma samples studied lacked Cx43 expression. Eight glioblastoma primary cultures were derived from surgical resection, and seven of them expressed Cx43, although at different levels. A cytoplasmic localization of Cx43 was also observed in four primary cultures. Despite this predominant intracellular accumulation of Cx43, cells were able to communicate in an efficient manner as demonstrated with a dye transfer assay. A lentiviral vector containing HSV-tk has been constructed and bystander effect experiments with these primary glioblastoma cells were carried out. We noticed that the bystander effect was significative in primary cells expressing Cx43 wherever the Cx43 was localized, and no bystander effect was detected in cells without Cx43 expression. Our results indicate that Cx43 is expressed in the majority of glioblastomas. Cx43 can be found in glioblastoma cell lines and primary cultures at the cell surface, but also in perinuclear areas. This aberrant localization of Cx43 did not prevent the diffusion of molecules, suggesting that the few gap junction plaques present in glioblastoma cells are highly functional. These results suggest that glioblastoma is a suitable candidate for the HSV-tk/GCV approach contrary to some other tumor types in which the lack of Cx has been well documented. According to these results, the level of Cx43 should be tested in patient biopsies used for diagnostics and considered for patient enrollment in clinical trials.
Talbot, Julie. "Rôle de la connexine 43 dans l'ostéogenèse et dans le développement tumoral des sarcomes d’Ewing." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=74383463-4116-4c9f-9367-5d4dd8719b1f.
Full textGap junctions are specialized plasma membrane structures composed of intercellular channels which allow the direct transfer of informative molecules between adjacent cells. The major connexin (Cx) of bone tissue, Cx43 (a constitutive protein of intercellular channels) plays a crucial role in skeletal development. Thus, the aim of my thesis was to better understand the involvement of Cx43 in the physiopathology of bone. The first part of this work shows that Cx43 expression and intercellular communication are essential for the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into mature osteoblasts. In the second part of this thesis, we studied the role of Cx43 in the development of Ewing’s sarcoma. This primary bone tumor is characterized by the presence of an aberrant transcription factor, EWS-FLI1, with oncogenic properties. Our results show that Cx43 plays an essential role in primary tumor development, and loss of Cx43 expression in Ewing's sarcoma leads to a stimulation of tumor growth and associated bone osteolysis. This thesis provides a better understanding of the role of Cx43 in bone physiology and pathology. The key role of Cx43 in the development of the tumorigenic phenotype of Ewing's sarcoma permits to consider this protein as a new therapeutic target in cancer therapy
Patin, Justine. "Rôle de Nav1.5, du TGF-B et de la Cx43 dans les troubles progressifs de la conduction cardiaque." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1019/document.
Full textThree major actors contribute to conduction of the cardiac electrical impulse: the heart tissue constituted by cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix, excitability by the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.5 and cell-cell coupling by connexin43 (Cx43). Progressive Cardiac Conduction Defect (PCCD) is a slowly evolving lifespan disease that progressively affects cardiac conduction associated with fibrosis. Genetic forms of PCCD have been linked to loss-of-function mutations of SCN5A gene product, NaV1.5. The aim of my thesis is to understand, by using a mouse PCCD model (Scn5a heterozygous knockout mice; Scn5a+/-), the molecular mechanisms implicated in cardiac fibrosis. First, we demonstrated that TGF-β canonical pathway activation is implicated in fibrosis occurrence by pharmacology chronic inhibition of TGF-β receptors (GW788388). Second, we observed Cx43 expression and localization remodeling correlated with fibrosis development. Then, we demonstrated that activation of expression and phosphorylation of Cx43, by Gap- 134, prevents ventricular fibrosis. Finally, the MMP-2 p.Gly551Arg variant to the matrix metalloproteinase 2 MMP-2, was recently discovered in a PCCD family. We studied the impact of the MMP-2 p.Gly551Arg variant in function and expression of MMP-2 protein in this family
Ghezali, Grégory. "Control of synaptic transmission by astroglial connexin 30 : molecular basis, activity-dependence and physiological implication." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066423/document.
Full textPerisynaptic astrocytes are active partners of neurons in cerebral information processing. A key property of astrocytes is to express high levels of the gap junction forming proteins, the connexins (Cxs). Strikingly, astroglial Cx30 was suggested early on to be involved in cognitive processes; however, its specific role in neurophysiology has yet been unexplored. We recently reveal that Cx30, through an unconventional non-channel function, controls hippocampal glutamatergic synaptic strength and plasticity by directly setting synaptic glutamate levels through astroglial glutamate clearance. Yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in such control, its dynamic regulation by activity and its impact in vivo in a physiological context were unknown. To answer these questions, I demonstrated during my PhD that: 1) Cx30 drives the morphological maturation of hippocampal astrocytes via the modulation of a laminin signaling pathway regulating cell polarization; 2) Cx30 expression, perisynaptic localization and functions are modulated by neuronal activity; 3) Cx30-mediated control of astrocyte synapse coverage in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus sets basal plasmatic level of the neurohormone oxytocin and hence promotes appropriate oxytocin-based social abilities. Taken together, these data shed new light on astroglial Cxs activity-dependent regulations and roles in the postnatal development of neuroglial networks, as well as in astrocyte-synapse structural interactions mediating behavioral processes
Morel, Fabien. "Caractérisation des foncteurs homotopiques covariants représentables par un espace pointé connexe et applications." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077248.
Full textCazassus, Guillem. "Homologie instanton-symplectique : somme connexe, chirurgie de Dehn, et applications induites par cobordismes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30043/document.
Full textSymplectic instanton homology is an invariant for closed oriented three-manifolds, defined by Manolescu and Woodward, which conjecturally corresponds to a symplectic version of a variant of Floer's instanton homology. In this thesis we study the behaviour of this invariant under connected sum, Dehn surgery, and four-dimensional cobordisms. We prove a Künneth-type formula for the connected sum: let Y and Y' be two closed oriented three-manifolds, we show that the symplectic instanton homology of their connected sum is isomorphic to the direct sum of the tensor product of their symplectic instanton homology, and a shift of their torsion product. We define twisted versions of this homology, and then prove an analog of the Floer exact sequence, relating the invariants of a Dehn surgery triad. We use this exact sequence to compute the rank of the groups associated to branched double covers of quasi-alternating links, some plumbings of disc bundles over spheres, and some integral Dehn surgeries along certain knots. We then define invariants for four dimensional cobordisms as maps between the symplectic instanton homology of the two boundaries. We show that among the three morphisms in the surgery exact sequence, two are such maps, associated to the handle-attachment cobordisms. We also give a vanishing criteria for such maps associated to blow-ups
Lucchini, Arteche Giancarlo. "Groupe de Brauer des espaces homogènes à stabilisateur non connexe et applications arithmétiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112207/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the unramified Brauer group of homogeneous spaces with non connected stabilizer and its arithmetic applcations. In particular, we develop different formulas of algebraic and/or arithmetic nature allowing an explicit calculation, both over a finite field and over a field of characteristic 0, of the algebraic part of the unramified Brauer group of a homogeneous space G\G' under a semisimple simply connected linear group G' with finite stabilizer G. We also give examples of the calculations that can be done with these formulas. For achieving this goal, we prove beforehand (using a theorem of Gabber on alterations) a result describing the prime-to-p torsion part of the unramified Brauer group of a smooth and geometrically integral variety V over a global field of characteristic p or over a finite field by evaluating the elements of Br(V) at its local points. The formulas for finite stabilizers are later generalised to the case where the stabilizer G is any linear algebraic group using a reduction of the Galois cohomology of the group G to that of a certain finite subquotient.Finally, for a global field K and a finite solvable K-group G, we show under certain hypotheses concerning the extension splitting G that the homogeneous space V:=G\G' with G' a semi-simple simply connected K-group has the weak approximation property (the hypotheses ensuring the triviality of the unramified algebraic Brauer group). We use then a more precise version of this result to prove the Hasse principle forhomogeneous spaces X under a semi-simple simply connected K-group G' with finite solvable geometric stabilizer, under certain hypotheses concerning the K-kernel (or K-lien) defined by X
Denoyelle, Françoise. "Prevalence et caracterisation clinique des surdites dues a une atteinte du gene de la connexine 26." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066148.
Full textGeneau, Graziello. "Modulation des processus de prolifération et de différenciation ostéoblastiques chez des souris déficientes en connexine 43." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2305.
Full textDysfunction of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) or mutations of gap junction protein (connexin, Cx) genes have been implicated in various human pathologies. In bone, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the implication of Cx43 expression and GJIC in mineralization and osteoblastic differentiation. Cumulated data support the fact that Cx43 expression is very important for bone formation and regulation of cellular responses to hormones/growth factors stimulation. In this context, since endothelin-1 (ET1) has been also implicated in bone pathologies, the possible cross talk between Cx43 and ET1 was investigated in calvarial osteoblastic cells (OB) isolated from Cx43+/- and Cx43+/+ mice. Interestingly, microcomputed tomographic analysis revealed a hypomineralization in Cx43+/- newborn mice. In vitro characterization demonstrated that Cx43 expression, osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization processes were significantly reduced in Cx43+/- OB. Pharmacological study of ET1 action revealed that the Cx43+/- genotype was related to a reduced calcium influx through L-type voltage sensitive calcium channels. ET1 induced an inhibitory effect on OB differentiation in both genotypes whereas this peptide has a mitogenic effect only on Cx43+/+ OB. Moreover, the ET1 inhibitory effect on cell differentiation was correlated to a reduced Cx43 expression and GJIC only in Cx43+/+ OB, suggesting an alternative regulatory pathway in Cx43+/- OB. In conclusion, these data strongly suggest that the level of Cx43 expression influences the osteoblastic response to ET1
El, Aoumari Abdelhakim. "Caractérisation et études d'une protéine jonctionnelle : la connexine 43, exprimée dans les myocytes et les astrocytes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22041.
Full textLamiche, Coralie. "Influence de la connexine 43 sur le phénotype des cellules cancéreuses prostatiques et sur le développement de métastases osseuses." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f5f5faf0-3362-420b-af0d-840c3cc92934.
Full textProstate cancer (PCa) has the highest incidence in men with bone metastasis occurring in 80% of cases and mainly characterized by osteoblastic lesions. The mechanisms by which prostate cancer cells are induced to metastasize to bone are variable and complex, implicating oncogenes, pro-angiogenic factors and adhesion molecules. Among the different interacting molecules, Connexins (Cxs) could participate in this process. Connexins are transmembrane protein involved in Direct Gap Junction Intercellular Communication (GJIC) in order to maintain tissue homeostasis and the coordination of cellular activities. Studies have shown that PCa cells are deficient in some Cx isoforms (Cx32, Cx43) in primary tumors. However, recent studies suggest that Cx43 could be implicated in the last stages of the tumorigenic process as a promoter of cancer cell dissemination with a putative role of heterocellular coupling with environmental cells in the migration, diapedesis and metastatic processes. Furthemore, cumulated data support the involvement of Cx43 and GJIC in the differentiation process of bone-forming osteoblastic cells and bone turnover. Indeed, in vivo, Cx43-null mice presented mineralization defects in craniofacial bones and ribs and in vitro a decreased differentiation potential of OB cells was clearly demonstrated. Therefore, we have investigated the role of Cx43 on the metastatic potential of PCa cells and on their bone impact in vivo. To examine the effects of increased expression of Cx43 gene in PCa cells, we have performed retroviral infection in two well characterized cell lines representing different stages of cancer progression: PC3 (aggressive) and LNCaP (less metastatic). After overexpression, in PC3 cells, Cx43 was restricted to the cytoplasmic part and no cell-to-cell communication was measured. Conversely, in LNCaP cells, Cx43 was mainly observed in appositional membranes and a functional GJIC was demonstrated by gap-FRAP and preloading assays. Moreover after overexpression, phenotypic characterization of both cell types demonstrated significant differences in adhesion, invasion, proliferation and secretome profile. Cx43 appears to alter the behavior of LNCaP making them more aggressive. To study the impact of prostate cancer cells overexpressing Cx43 on bone, intratibial injections in nude mice were performed. Mice were imaged by means of tomographic and scintigraphic analyses vs. Time. Both cell types developed osteolytic tumors. Cx43 overexpression in LNCaP cells induced a 4 fold increase of tumour incidence compared to mock cells. After Cx43 overexpression, tibial bone volume was clearly decreased compared to control confirming the higher osteolytic ability of LNCaP. For PC-3 cells, no difference was observed after Cx43 overexpression but a preliminary study of the spread after intracardiac injection has shown a slowdown in the development of bone metastases. Finally, co-cultures with murine osteoblasts have shown that cancer cells promote the expression of RANKL by osteoblasts, an activator of osteoclasts, with a decrease of the osteoblastic differentiation. These effects are independent of the level of Cx43 expression. Only the proliferation of osteoblasts was significantly modified by Cx43 overexpression in prostatic cancer cells. Our in vitro study demonstrates that Cx43 could influence the metastatic status of PCa cells with increased aggressiveness of LNCaP. In vivo, our data validate the potential implication of this connexin in the bone impact during metastasis
Goizet, Cyril. "Etude du gène de la connexine 32 chez des patients atteints de maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23003.
Full textAlcoléa, Sébastien. "La connexine 45 dans le myocarde de souris : Patron d'expression et approche de son rôle par substitution génique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22068.
Full textKhoyrattee, Nafiisha. "Rôle de la sérotonine et de la connexine 43 dans la paroi artérielle pulmonaire : implications dans l'hypertension pulmonaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0338/document.
Full textUnder physiological conditions, in rat intrapulmonary arteries (IPA), connexin 43 (Cx43) localised at the myoendothelial junctions is involved in the reactivity to serotonin (5-HT). 5-HT increases superoxide anion (O2•) in the smooth muscle and nitric oxide (a vasodilator) in the endothelium. O2• will then rapidly pass through Cx43 to scavenge endothelial NO to decrease the bioavailability of the latter and hence maintain IPA contraction in physiological conditions. However, to date, the increase in O2• level by other contractile agonists such as endothelin-1 (ET-1) and phenylephrine (PHE) and the mechanism involved in this increase are still unknown in the pulmonary circulation. The goal of this present work is to identify the contractile agonists involved in the increase of O2• and to highlight the signaling pathways involved in the agonists-induced increase of O2•. As Cx43 plays an important role in IPA contractile reactivity to 5-HT in healthy rats, the role of Cx43 under pathological conditions of the pulmonary circulation has been studied with a mice model heterozygous for Cx43 (Cx43+/-) suffering from hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). We have shown that O2• increase in rat IPA is exclusive to 5-HT. 5-HT-induced O2• increase in rat IPA is only from an increase in production by the mitochondria and NADPH oxydase via a ROS-induced ROS release mechanism dependent on PKC. Upon binding to 5-HT2A receptors, 5-HT induces an extracellular calcium influx which is responsible for an increase in mitochondrial calcium level and causes an upregulation in O2• production by the complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Moreover, this signaling pathway takes place in specialized microdomains, namely caveolae. On the other hand, interestingly, in Cx43+/- HPH mice, IPA remodeling is inhibited and right ventricular hypertrophy is less intense. IPA vasoreactivity to 5-HT, ET-1 and PHE is modified in Cx43+/- healthy and HPH mice as compared to wild type mice. These data bring (1) new elements of comprehension in the signaling pathways involved in 5-HT-induced O2• production in healthy rat pulmonary circulation and (2) new insights on the role of Cx43 in mice IPA under physiological and HPH conditions
Batias, Catherine. "Les jonctions communicantes et leurs proteines constitutives, les connexines, dans la spermatogenese normale et pathologique." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N088.
Full textHeeb, Cornelia. "Immunhistochemische und molekularbiologische Untersuchung der räumlichen und zeitlichen Expression der Connexine 26, 32 und 43 im Plazentom des Rindes." Wettenberg : VVB Laufersweiler, 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968397948.
Full textGärtner-Grätz, Christiane [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Dhein, F. W. [Gutachter] Mohr, and Aida [Gutachter] Salameh. "Einfluss der endothelialen Connexine auf die Angiogenese / Christiane Gärtner-Grätz ; Gutachter: F.-W. Mohr, Aida Salameh ; Betreuer: Stefan Dhein." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://d-nb.info/123956497X/34.
Full textFumagalli, Amos. "Deciphering CXCR4 and ACKR3 interactomes reveals an influence of ACKR3 upon Gap junctional intercellular communication." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT036.
Full textThe Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3) and CXCR4 are two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) belonging to the CXC chemokine receptor family. Both receptors are activated upon CXCL12 binding and are over-expressed in various tumours, including glioma, where they have been found to promote proliferation and invasive behaviours. Upon CXCL12 binding, CXCR4 activates canonical GPCR signalling pathways involving Gαi protein and β-arrestins. In addition, CXCR4 was found to interact with several proteins able to modify its signalling, trafficking and localization. In contrast, the cellular pathways underlying ACKR3-dependent effects remain poorly characterized. Several reports show that ACKR3 engages β-arrestin-dependent signalling pathways, but its coupling to G proteins is restricted to either specific cellular populations, including astrocytes, or occurs indirectly via its interaction with CXCR4. ACKR3 also associates with the epidermal growth factor receptor to promote proliferation of tumour cells in an agonist-independent manner. These examples suggest that the extensive characterization of ACKR3 and CXCR4 interactomes might be a key step in understanding or clarifying their roles in physiological and pathological contexts. This thesis addressed this issue employing an affinity purification coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry proteomic strategy that identified 19 and 151 potential protein partners of CXCR4 and ACKR3 transiently expressed in HEK-293T cells, respectively. Amongst ACKR3 interacting proteins identified, we paid particular attention on the gap junction protein Connexin-43 (Cx43), in line with its overlapping roles with the receptor in the control of leukocyte entry into the brain, interneuron migration and glioma progression. Western blotting and BRET confirmed the specific association of Cx43 with ACKR3 compared to CXCR4. Likewise, Cx43 is co-localized with ACKR3 but not CXCR4 in glioma initiating cell lines, and ACKR3 and Cx43 are co-expressed in astrocytes of the sub-ventricular zone and surrounding blood vessels in adult mouse brain, suggesting that both proteins form a complex in authentic cell or tissue contexts. Further functional studies showed that ACKR3 influences Cx43 trafficking and functionality at multiple levels. Transient expression of ACKR3 in HEK-293T cells to mimic ACKR3 overexpression detected in several cancer types, induces Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication (GJIC) inhibition in an agonist-independent manner. In addition, agonist stimulation of endogenously expressed ACKR3 in primary cultured astrocytes inhibits Cx43-mediated GJIC through a mechanism that requires activation of Gαi protein, and dynamin- and β-arrestin2-dependent Cx43 internalisation. Therefore, this thesis work provides the first functional link between the CXCL11/CXCL12/ACKR3 axis and gap junctions that might underlie their critical role in glioma progression
Defamie, Norah. "Expression et localisation de la connexine 43, protéine constitutive des jonctions communicantes dans la spermatogenèse normale et altérée : analyse des effets délétères du lindane." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T011.
Full textFlachon, Virginie. "Rôle des jonctions GAP dans la glande thyroïde : impact différenciel de l'expression de la Cx32 et de la Cx43 sur la prolifération et l'expression de caractères de différenciation des cellules thyroïdiennes." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10149.
Full textGilleron, Jérôme. "Implication de la connexine 43 et de ses partenaires dans les processus physiologiques (proliférations, différenciation et apoptose) et physiopathologiques (cancer) testiculaires." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T079.
Full textVidal, Mathieu. "Conditionnels et Connexions." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0094.
Full textThe main idea of my work is to use the notion of connection to explain our understanding of the conditional sentences. These sentences, with the general form « If A, B », are considered as a basic block of formal logic but no agreement is actually achieved concerning a correct analysis of their employ in the natural language. First, I use the concept of connection and some linguistic and psychological considerations to obtain a classification of the conditionals in several types with their own logical properties. Starting from this classification, I obtain the following types of conditionals: inferential, necessary, biconditional, weak, concessive and epistemic. Each receives its own semantics. Inferential, necessary, biconditionals and weak conditionals receive also a proof theory, supplied by soundness, completeness and decidability proofs. The approach developed here is new as it allows obtaining singular systems whose predictions are correct relatively to the inferences effectively used in the natural language. This analysis is developed along other lines. The first models the beliefs of the speaker. It allows to give an account of the difference between indicative conditionals and counterfactuals. The second line uses the dynamical aspect of the discourse to offer a design for the embedded conditionals. The last line is a strengthening of the notion of connection, which allows to obtain some connexive logic and to model the denegation of conditionals
Heeb, Cornelia [Verfasser]. "Immunhistochemische und molekularbiologische Untersuchung der räumlichen und zeitlichen Expression der Connexine 26, 32 und 43 im Plazentom des Rindes / von Cornelia Heeb." Wettenberg : VVB Laufersweiler, 2003. http://d-nb.info/968397948/34.
Full textPlaisance, Isabelle. "Importance du cytosquelette et des processus de phosphorylation/déphosphorylation des protéines dans la régulation fonctionnelle des canaux intercellulaires formés de connexine 43." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2353.
Full textGap junctions (GJ), specialised areas of membrane where intercellular channels (IC) are clustered, mediates the direct cell-to-cell exchange of small cytoplasmic molecules and of inorganic ions. In the heart, GJ form low-resistance pathway for cell-to-cell conduction of electrical impulses which mediates the synchronisation of electrical and mechanical activities. Dysfunctions of these GJ induce arrhythmias. In this study we demonstrate that actin cytoskeleton is involved in regulation of GJ channels made of connein 43. Regulation of GJ communication by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes can occur by dephosphorylating directly connexin 43 or a regulatory protein associated with gap junction channels. We also show that the metabolic inhibitor antymincine A, is able to directly interrupt cell-to-cell communication, even both ATP and calcium concentrations are kept stable
Rajabally, Yusuf Ali. "Maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth : une étude de 35 familles." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23040.
Full textCarnarius, Christian Verfasser], Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Steinem, and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] [Griesinger. "Funktionelle Rekonstitution von Connexonen in artifizielle Membranen: Expression, Reinigung und Charakterisierung von Connexin 43 / Christian Carnarius. Gutachter: Claudia Steinem ; Christian Griesinger. Betreuer: Claudia Steinem." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1043025804/34.
Full textGenest, Magali. "Mécanismes impliqués dans le remodelage tissulaire : rôle de la voie de signalisation Notch3 dans le coeur et de la Connexine 43 dans le rein." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS544.
Full textRenal and cardiac diseases are both major issues of public health. Therefore, my thesis project was articulated in 2 axes, one cardiac and the other renal. Notch3 plays a role in vascular physiopathology: by controlling proliferation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) maturation and this receptor is necessary for cardiac adaptation during a pressure overload. The objectives of my project were to study the effects of the Notch3 signaling pathway in mouse overexpressing this protein specifically in VSMCs (TgN3ICDSM) during hypertension (HTA), and its role during a physiological cardiac remodeling induced by a program of moderate physical training (PT). We showed that TgN3ICDSM mice develop HTA but show less cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in response to AngII-dependent HTA. Furthermore, heart disease regresses in Notch3-/- mice after 5 weeks of PT. Consequently, physical training may be able to counteract some defects related to the absence of Notch3. We have previously reported that the expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) is abnormally induced in different models of chronic renal disease and its reduction protected against kidney disease. Thus, the aim was to evaluate Cx43 implication in acute kidney injury (AKI). We observed improved renal function and structure in Cx43+/- mice, compared with WT, after renal IR. This protective effect may be due to a limited inflammatory response. However, this protective phenotype was not observed when Cx43 was specifically deleted in endothelial or renal tubular cells. Therefore, simultaneous reduction of Cx43 in several cell types seems necessary against the progression of AKI
Bonino, Marc. "Sur l'espace des homéomorphismes de Brouwer." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10097.
Full textMouysset, Vincent. "Une méthode de sous-domaines pour la résolution des équations de Maxwell instationnaires en présence d'un ensemble non-connexe d'objets diffractant." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136029.
Full textMarie, Sylvain. "Déploiement optimal d’un réseau de capteurs sous des contraintes de couverture et de connectivité." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1248/document.
Full textThe objectif of this thesis on wireless sensor networks is to study the deployment of a minimal number of sensors to cover specific targets instead of continuous areas. After a presentation of the characteristics of wireless sensor networks, and after justifying the interest of an optimal sensor deployment, we propose a graph-theory based model for wireless sensor networks. We then present a state of the art describing various mathematical programming models and resolution techniques regarding a number of optimization problems in such networks. We formulate several Mixed Integer Linear programs to solve the optimal sensor deployment problem under contraints related to the coverage of all targets and connectivity between sensors. Finally, we conceive a new heuristic for sensor placement when targets are placed in a square grid graph, and we conjecture that this heuristic returns an optimal solution in all cases
Prost, Gaëlle. "Rôle de la Connexine 32 dans le contrôle de la croissance normale et tumorale de la glande thyroïde : études in vivo à partir de souris génétiquement modifiées." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10213.
Full textConnexins (Cx) and gap junctions, allowing direct cell-to-cell communication, are involved in the control of cell proliferation. The role of Cx32 on normal and tumoral growth of the thyroid has been studied in mice overexpressing Cx32 in the thyroid (Cx32-T+) or deleted for Cx32 (Cx32-KO). In basal conditions, Cx32-T+ mice present a thyroid hypertrophy. After activation by TSH, Cx32-KO mice develop a larger goiter than wild type mice. Mice expressing RET/PTC3 or E7 oncogenes in the thyroid have been crossed with Cx32-KO mice. Hypertrophy induced by RET/PTC or E7 and the formation of malignant tumors in response to RET/PTC3 are reduced in mice deleted for the Cx32. In conclusion, Cx32 would act like as a) a negative regulator on the thyroid growth activated through the cAMP cascade, and b) a positive regulator on the tumoral development induced by RET/PTC3 or E7 oncogenes