Relevant bibliographies by topics / Connective tissues Physiology

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Connective tissues Physiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Connective tissues Physiology"

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Noda, Sawako, Yoshinori Sumita, Seigo Ohba, Hideyuki Yamamoto, and Izumi Asahina. "Soft tissue engineering with micronized-gingival connective tissues." Journal of Cellular Physiology 233, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25871.

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Reed, RK, K. Woie, and K. Rubin. "Integrins and Control of Interstitial Fluid Pressure." Physiology 12, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1997.12.1.42.

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The present review summarizes recent information on the physiology of connective tissues, in particular, control of interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) and, thereby, interstitial volume. A combination of classic physiological techniques and techniques from cellular and molecular biology have provided new insights into control of Pif by connective tissue cells and the adhesion receptors anchoring them to structural connective tissue components.
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Bonnevie, Edward D., and Robert L. Mauck. "Physiology and Engineering of the Graded Interfaces of Musculoskeletal Junctions." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 20, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 403–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121113.

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The connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system can be grouped into fibrous, cartilaginous, and calcified tissues. While each tissue type has a distinct composition and function, the intersections between these tissues result in the formation of complex, composite, and graded junctions. The complexity of these interfaces is a critical aspect of their healthy function, but poses a significant challenge for their repair. In this review, we describe the organization and structure of complex musculoskeletal interfaces, identify emerging technologies for engineering such structures, and outline the requirements for assessing the complex nature of these tissues in the context of recapitulating their function through tissue engineering.
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Suki, Béla, Satoru Ito, Dimitrije Stamenović, Kenneth R. Lutchen, and Edward P. Ingenito. "Biomechanics of the lung parenchyma: critical roles of collagen and mechanical forces." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 5 (May 2005): 1892–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01087.2004.

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The biomechanical properties of connective tissues play fundamental roles in how mechanical interactions of the body with its environment produce physical forces at the cellular level. It is now recognized that mechanical interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) have major regulatory effects on cellular physiology and cell-cycle kinetics that can lead to the reorganization and remodeling of the ECM. The connective tissues are composed of cells and the ECM, which includes water and a variety of biological macromolecules. The macromolecules that are most important in determining the mechanical properties of these tissues are collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans. Among these macromolecules, the most abundant and perhaps most critical for structural integrity is collagen. In this review, we examine how mechanical forces affect the physiological functioning of the lung parenchyma, with special emphasis on the role of collagen. First, we overview the composition of the connective tissue of the lung and their complex structural organization. We then describe how mechanical properties of the parenchyma arise from its composition as well as from the architectural organization of the connective tissue. We argue that, because collagen is the most important load-bearing component of the parenchymal connective tissue, it is also critical in determining the homeostasis and cellular responses to injury. Finally, we overview the interactions between the parenchymal collagen network and cellular remodeling and speculate how mechanotransduction might contribute to disease propagation and the development of small- and large-scale heterogeneities with implications to impaired lung function in emphysema.
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Nikoloudaki, Georgia, Sarah Brooks, Alexander P. Peidl, Dylan Tinney, and Douglas W. Hamilton. "JNK Signaling as a Key Modulator of Soft Connective Tissue Physiology, Pathology, and Healing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031015.

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In healthy individuals, the healing of soft tissues such as skin after pathological insult or post injury follows a relatively predictable and defined series of cell and molecular processes to restore tissue architecture and function(s). Healing progresses through the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling, and concomitant with re-epithelialization restores barrier function. Soft tissue healing is achieved through the spatiotemporal interplay of multiple different cell types including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells/pericytes, and keratinocytes. Expressed in most cell types, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) are signaling molecules associated with the regulation of several cellular processes involved in soft tissue wound healing and in response to cellular stress. A member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family (MAPK), JNKs have been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory cell phenotype, as well as fibroblast, stem/progenitor cell, and epithelial cell biology. In this review, we discuss our understanding of JNKs in the regulation of cell behaviors related to tissue injury, pathology, and wound healing of soft tissues. Using models as diverse as Drosophila, mice, rats, as well as human tissues, research is now defining important, but sometimes conflicting roles for JNKs in the regulation of multiple molecular processes in multiple different cell types central to wound healing processes. In this review, we focus specifically on the role of JNKs in the regulation of cell behavior in the healing of skin, cornea, tendon, gingiva, and dental pulp tissues. We conclude that while parallels can be drawn between some JNK activities and the control of cell behavior in healing, the roles of JNK can also be very specific modes of action depending on the tissue and the phase of healing.
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Borgstrom, P., L. Lindbom, K. E. Arfors, and M. Intaglietta. "Beta-adrenergic control of resistance in individual vessels in rabbit tenuissimus muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 254, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): H631—H635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.254.4.h631.

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The microvascular responses to topically applied isoproterenol and to epinephrine in the intact and beta-adrenoceptor-blocked microcirculation were studied in the rabbit tenuissimus muscle by direct intravital microscopy. The main feeding arterioles in this muscle supply two vascular areas, the muscle capillaries and the adjacent connective tissue. beta-Adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol and epinephrine dilated the transverse arterioles that supply muscle and connective tissues, whereas their first-order side branches (terminal arterioles), which only supply the muscle capillaries, were little affected. Flow measurements were made at two different sites in the transverse arterioles to determine the relative changes in muscle capillary flow and connective tissue flow. These measurements showed that beta-adrenergic stimulation caused a fractional redistribution of microvascular blood flow from the muscle tissue proper to the adjacent connective tissue.
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Ault, H. K., and A. H. Hoffman. "A Composite Micromechanical Model for Connective Tissues: Part I—Theory." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895437.

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A micromechanical model has been developed to study and predict the mechanical behavior of fibrous soft tissues. The model uses the theorems of least work and minimum potential energy to predict upper and lower bounds on material behavior based on the structure and properties of tissue components. The basic model consists of a composite of crimped collagen fibers embedded in an elastic glycosaminoglycan matrix. Upper and lower bound aggregation rules predict composite material behavior under the assumptions of uniform strain and uniform stress, respectively. Input parameters consist of the component material properties and the geometric configuration of the fibers. The model may be applied to a variety of connective tissue structures and is valuable in giving insight into material behavior and the nature of interactions between tissue components in various structures. Application of the model to rat tail tendon and cat knee joint capsule is described in a companion paper [2].
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Wren, T. A. L., and D. R. Carter. "A Microstructural Model for the Tensile Constitutive and Failure Behavior of Soft Skeletal Connective Tissues." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834307.

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We propose a microstructural model for the uniaxial tensile constitutive and failure behavior of soft skeletal connective tissues. The model characterizes the tissues as two-phase composites consisting of collagen fibers embedded in ground substance. Nonlinear toe region behavior in the stress versus strain curve results from the straightening of crimped fibers and from fiber reorientation. Subsequent linear behavior results from fiber stretching affected by fiber volume fraction, collagen type, crosslink density, and fiber orientation. Finally, the tissue fails when fibers successively rupture at their ultimate tensile strain. We apply the model to tendon, meniscus, and articular cartilage. The model provides a consistent approach to modeling the tensile behavior of a wide range of soft skeletal connective tissues.
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Trotter, JA, G. Lyons-Levy, K. Chino, TJ Koob, DR Keene, and MAL Atkinson. "The molecular design of mutable connective tissues in echinoderms." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 124 (August 1999): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(99)90137-x.

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Maas, Huub. "Significance of epimuscular myofascial force transmission under passive muscle conditions." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 1465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00631.2018.

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In the past 20 yr, force transmission via connective tissue linkages at the muscle belly surface, called epimuscular myofascial force transmission, has been studied extensively. In this article, the effects of epimuscular linkages under passive muscle conditions are reviewed. Several animal studies that included direct (invasive) measurements of force transmission have shown that different connective tissue structures serve as an epimuscular pathway and that these tissues have sufficient stiffness, especially at supraphysiological muscle lengths and relative positions, to transmit substantial passive forces (up to 15% of active optimal force). Exact values of lumped tissue stiffness for different connective tissue structures have not yet been estimated. Experiments using various imaging techniques (ultrasound, MRI, shear wave elastography) have yielded some, but weak, evidence of epimuscular myofascial force transmission for passive muscles in humans. At this point, the functional consequences of epimuscular pathways for muscle and joint mechanics in the intact body are still unknown. Potentially, however, these pathways may affect sensory feedback and, thereby, neuromuscular control. In addition, altered epimuscular force transmission in pathological conditions may also contribute to changes in passive range of joint motion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Connective tissues Physiology"

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Nguyen, Quant. "The myofibrillar and connective tissue content of selected bovine muscles and porcine cardiac and skin tissues /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66137.

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Jones, Christopher David Stanford. "On the cross-sectional form of the patella in several primates." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj764.pdf.

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Haus, Jacob M. "The effects of age and unloading on human skeletal muscle connective tissue." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1364943.

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Intramuscular connective tissue is critical in maintaining muscle structure and the transfer of force from contractile elements to the bone. We examined intramuscular connective tissue characteristics in young and old men and women, as well as men and women subjected to simulated microgravity. We hypothesized that intramuscular collagen content, collagen cross-linking and formation of advanced glycation endproducts of old individuals would be greater than young, and that intramuscular collagen content would be elevated following prolonged periods of unloading spanning 35, 60 and 90 days. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies revealed that intramuscular collagen (Young: 9.6±1.1, Old: 10.2±1.2 ug•mg muscle wet wf-') and collagen cross-links (hydroxylysylpyridinoline, HP) (Young: 395±65, Old: 351±45 mmol HP•mol collagen-1) were unchanged (p>0.05) with aging. The advanced glycation endproduct, pentosidine, was increased (p<0.05) by 203% (Young: 5.2±1.3, Old: 15.9±4.5 mmol pentosidine•mol collagen"') with aging. With unloading, collagen content of the vastus lateralis was unchanged (p>0.05) following all time periods but was found to be elevated (p<0.05) in the soleus following 90 days of unloading. Furthermore, baseline collagen content was found to greater (p<0.05) in the soleus compared to the vastus lateralis. These results suggest the age related decline in whole muscle function is not related to increases in intramuscular collagen content or cross-linking but may be related to the accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts. Muscle function following unloading does not appear to be impacted by collagen content in the vastus lateralis but may play a role in the soleus.
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Brown, Stephen James. "Exercise induced damage to skeletal muscle and connective tissue." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88296.

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Roy, Nicholas 1973. "Studies on cysteine proteases in connective tissue." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31533.

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There is good reason to believe that the known human cysteine protease repertoire is currently incomplete. Recently, two peptide sequences (i.e. CTLA-2alpha and CTLA-2beta) have been identified in the mouse T-lymphocyte. These peptides have been shown to be similar to the propeptide of human cathepsin L. In this project, computer based searches for human homologues to these mouse peptide sequences has been made. One entry from the TIGR express sequence tag database has been identified. As part of this project, the tag was isolated from the human Jurkat cell mRNA, a cell line compatible with the source of RNA used to identify the original sequence tag.
Several novel members of the papain proteases superfamilly have been discovered and characterized in the last couple of years. Of particular note is cathepsin K, which is primarily an osteoclast component that has been shown to be the main mediator of organic matrix degradation during bone resorption. Since many of these proteases demonstrate relevant extracellular matrix degradation in connective tissue, they are of significant interest in the study of joint health and diseases. In this project, qualitative cathepsins mRNA expression analyses in representative human joint-related cells have been assessed by RT-PCR. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Ling, Hua 1963. "The role of the chitinase3-like protein HC-gp39 in connective tissue physiology and pathology /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85567.

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We report that the chitinase-like protein, human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC-gp39) is a growth and survival factor. It promotes connective tissue cell survival and growth, and counteracts catabolic processes. Dose-dependent growth stimulation was observed when human synoviocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to HC-gp39. Both the ERK1/2 MAP kinase and the PI3 kinase pathways were activated by HC-gp39. Thus HC-gp39 elicits a signaling cascade leading to increased connective tissue cell proliferation, suggesting that HC-gp39 may play a major role in the pathological conditions leading to tissue fibrosis. In addition to acting as a mitogen, HC-gp39 also reduces stress-induced apoptosis in human connective tissue cells. HC-gp39 significantly inhibited H2 O2 activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 in chondrocytes. A reduction of caspase-3 activation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and apoptotic cell number was also seen. These results suggest that HC-gp39 plays an important role in the survival of connective tissue cells. The protective effect is further illustrated by the ability of HC-gp39 to reduce cellular responses to inflammatory cytokines. IL-1 or TNF-alpha stimulated phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK and p38 were greatly reduced by HC-gp39. Signalling through the NF-kappab pathway was unaffected. These actions resulted in a significant reduction of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13 and IL-8 production, suggesting that HC-gp39 can participate in the catabolic aspects of tissue remodelling as a repair or protecting factor counteracting the catabolic processes. Although HC-gp39 affected the response to IL-1 and TNF-alpha, these cytokines had no effect on the high expression level of HC-gp39 in chondrocytes cultures. However, inhibition of the NF-B signalling pathway, which has been implicated as a major effectory mechanism for TNF-alpha, significantly decreased HC-gp39 protein and mRNA levels in a concentration and time dependent manner. Increased NF-kappaB
Therefore, this work demonstrated that expression of HC-gp39 at inflammation sites is part of the reaction chain in the pathogenesis of joint degeneration and/or inflammation. The activity of the elements regulating the expression of HC-gp39 suggests that it could serve as a negative feedback regulator for the inflammatory cytokines.
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Mehan, Ryan Scott. "The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Remodeling of Skeletal Muscle Connective Tissue in Mice." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3562013.

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The basal lamina of skeletal muscle is a specialized region of extracellular matrix (ECM) comprised primarily of type IV collagen. Remodeling of the basal lamina, through altered expression or degradation of type IV collagen, is an important component of muscle plasticity. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an inducibly expressed enzyme that degrades type IV collagen, and thus its enzymatic activity may play a key role in maintenance and plasticity of muscle structure and function. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the role of MMP-9-induced remodeling during normal development, exercise-induced injury, post-injury repair and aging of skeletal muscle.

Inactivation of the MMP-9 gene by homologous recombination resulted in decreases in muscle cross sectional area and enrichment of fast-twitch fiber types in several adult hindlimb muscles. Despite these compositional changes force production in MMP-9 null muscle remained normal.

Using a downhill running model of injury, I found that plasma concentration of MMP-9 in WT mice increased immediately exercise, while inactivation of the MMP-9 gene resulted in a significant decrease in post-injury muscle sarcolemmal damage. The source of MMP-9 appeared to be white blood cells and not muscle tissue itself, indicating the enzyme's activity might be required for immune cell infiltration of damaged muscle. However, using a chemically induced model of muscle injury, I found that immune cell infiltration was not diminished in MMP-9 null mice. Similarly, MMP-9 inactivation did not impair muscle stem cell activity or muscle regeneration. Thus while MMP-9 is involved in the magnitude of the injury response it appears to be dispensable for critical aspects of the post-injury repair process.

Finally, hindlimb muscles of older WT mice had increased type IV collagen content compared to younger mice, despite the two age groups having similar levels of COL4a1 mRNA expression. Older mice also exhibited reduced MMP-2, but not MMP-9, expression in muscle, and MMP-9 inactivation did not alter collagen levels in older mice. Thus, while aging is accompanied by altered basal lamina composition MMP-9 does not appear to play a critical role in this phenomenon.

In summary, these findings demonstrate that MMP-9 is involved in most, but not all, of the remodeling events studied, with aging being the exception.

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Mustafa, Kamal. "Cellular responses to titanium surfaces blasted with TiO₂ particles /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4951-4/.

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Simonneaux, Valérie. "Role des compartiments juxta-epitheliaux - mucus et tissu sereux - dans l'iono- et l'osmo- regulation digestive chez l'anguille europeenne d'eau de mer." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13100.

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Dietrich, Isa. ""Influência da composição de carreador biodegradável na viabilidade do implante de células mesenquimais indiferenciadas do tecido adiposo humano"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-03062005-143610/.

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Células mesenquimais indiferenciadas humanas foram obtidas por digestão enzimática e centrifugação do produto de lipoaspiração, expandidas in vitro, e implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de camundongos atímicos. No grupo I, cada animal recebeu o implante de uma membrana de 0,25cm2 de ácido glicólico e carbonato de trimetileno semeada com 1 x 106 destas células .No grupo II, cada um recebeu a injeção de 0,2ml de gel de ácido hialurônico reticulado contendo o mesmo número destas células. Com três semanas de implante, células humanas e vasos foram identificados nos dois carreadores. Entretanto, com oito semanas, somente no gel de ácido hialurônico as células humanas e os vasos estavam presentes
Human undifferentiated mesenchymal cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion and centrifugation of the product of liposuction. These cells were expanded, in vitro, and implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice. In group I, each animal received the implant of a 0,25cm2 membrane of glycolic acid and trimethylene carbonate, seeded with 1 x 106 of these cells. In group II, each one received 0,2 ml of cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel containing the same amount of these cells. With three weeks of implantation, human cells and vessels were identified in both carriers. However, with eight weeks of implantation, only in hyaluronic acid gel human cells and vessels were present
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Books on the topic "Connective tissues Physiology"

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Rogers, Kara. Skin and connective tissue. New York: Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services, 2012.

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Sampath, Narayanan A., ed. Biology of the periodontal connective tissues. Chicago: Quintessence Pub. Co., 1998.

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C, Slavkin Harold, and Price Paul A, eds. Chemistry and biology of mineralized tissues: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues held in Coronado, California on February 5-9, 1992. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1992.

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International Conference on the Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues (3rd 1988 Chatham, Mass.). The chemistry and biology of mineralized tissues: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues, held in Chatham, Massachusetts on October 16-21, 1988. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1989.

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Lundon, Katie. Orthopedic rehabilitation science: Principles for clinical management of nonmineralized connective tissue. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003.

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Mark, Lindsay. Fascia: Clinical applications for health and human performance. Clifton Park, N.Y: Delmar, 2008.

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1917-, Bonfiglio Michael, and Campbell Crawford J, eds. Orthopedic pathophysiology in diagnosis and treatment. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990.

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Functional Atlas of the Human Fascial System. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 2014.

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Marcos, Rojkind, ed. Connective tissue in health and disease. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1990.

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Connective Tissue in Health and Disease. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Connective tissues Physiology"

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Siegel, G. "Connective Tissue: More Than Just a Matrix for Cells." In Comprehensive Human Physiology, 173–224. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60946-6_10.

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Ehrlich, H. P. "The Role of the Connective Tissue Matrix in Wound Healing: Fibroblast and Collagen Interactions." In Wound Healing and Skin Physiology, 89–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77882-7_8.

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Ashalatha, PR, and G. Deepa. "Special Connective Tissues." In Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology for Nurses, 18. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11484_3.

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Ashalatha, PR. "Special Connective Tissues." In Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses, 17. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10892_3.

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Pap, Thomas, Adelheid Korb-Pap, Christine Hartmann, and Jessica Bertrand. "Joints and connective tissue—structure and function." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Richard A. Watts, 4379–85. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0442.

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Synovial joints are complex functional elements of the vertebrate body that provide animals with motion capabilities and hence the ability for locomotion and direct physical interaction with their environment. They are composed of different connective tissues structures that are derived from the same developmental structures in the embryo but have distinct cellular and biochemical properties. Articular cartilage and synovial membrane are key components of synovial joints and show several peculiarities that makes them different from other tissues. An in-depth knowledge of these features is important not only for understanding key features of articular function, but also providing explanations for important characteristics of both degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases. This chapter reviews the structure, biochemical composition, and function of articular cartilage and synovium, and points to important links between physiology and pathologic conditions, particularly arthritis.
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Pap, Thomas, Adelheid Korb-Pap, Christine Hartmann, and Jessica Bertrand. "Joints and Connective tissue—structure and function." In Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 409–14. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0056_update_001.

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Synovial joints are complex functional elements of the vertebrate body that provide the organism with motion capabilities and, thus, with the ability for locomotion and for direct physical interaction with its environment. They are composed of different connective tissues structures that are derived from the same developmental structures in the embryo, but have distinct cellular and biochemical properties. Articular cartilage and synovial membrane are key components of synovial joints and show a number of peculiarities that makes them different from other tissues in our body. An in-depth knowledge of these structural and functional peculiarities is not only important for understanding key features of articular function, but also provides explanations for important characteristics of both degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases. This chapter reviews the structure, biochemical composition, and function of articular cartilage and synovium, and points to important links between physiology and pathological conditions, particularly arthritis. Special emphasis is put on the interaction of resident cells with both the extracellular matrix and other neighbouring or invading cells.
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Ojeda, Sergio R. "Female Reproductive Function." In Textbook of Endocrine Physiology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199744121.003.0011.

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The production of germ cells is essential for the continuation of a species. In the female this function is accomplished by the ovaries. In addition, the ovaries secrete steroids and nonsteroidal hormones that not only regulate the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones but also act on various target organs, including the ovaries themselves, the uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, mammary gland, and bone. Morphologically, the ovary has three regions: an outer cortex that contains the oocytes and represents most of the mass of the ovary; the inner medulla, formed by stromal cells and cells with steroid-producing characteristics; and the hilum, which, in addition to serving as the point of entry of the nerves and blood vessels, represents the attachment region of the gland to the mesovarium. The cortex, which is enveloped by the germinal epithelium, contains the follicles, which are the functional units of the ovary. They are present in different states of development or degeneration (atresia), each enclosing an oocyte. In addition to the oocyte, ovarian follicles have two other cellular components: granulosa cells, which surround the oocyte, and thecal cells, which are separated from the granulosa cells by a basal membrane and are arranged in concentric layers around this membrane. The follicles are embedded in the stroma, which is composed of supportive connective cells similar to that of other tissues, interstitial secretory cells, and neurovascular elements. The medulla has a heterogeneous population of cells, some of which are morphologically similar to the Leydig cells in the testes. These cells predominate in the ovarian hilum; their neoplastic transformation results in excess androgen production. The ovary produces both steroids and peptidergic hormones. Whereas the steroids are synthesized in both interstitial and follicular cells, peptidergic hormones are primarily produced in follicular cells and, after ovulation, by cells of the corpus luteum. The initial precursor for steroid biosynthesis is cholesterol, which derives from animal fats of the diet or from local synthesis.
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Mitchell, Graham. "CONNECTIVE AND SUPPORT TISSUE." In Medical Physiology, 31–33. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-409-10727-2.50009-x.

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Harrison, Dr Mark. "Renal physiology." In Revision Notes for MCEM Part A, 309–28. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199583836.003.0036.

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5.1 Kidneys, 310 5.2 Mechanism of filtration, 313 5.3 Acid-base balance, 323 5.4 Potassium balance, 327 5.5 Calcium balance, 327 For the full anatomy of the kidneys see Section A.4.11 of Chapter A4. • Within the dense, connective tissue of the renal capsule, the kidney substance is divided into:...
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LC, Dutta. "Chapter-154 Eye in Connective Tissue Disorders." In Understanding Medical Physiology A Textbook for Medical Students (3rd Edition), 1220–26. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10999_154.

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Conference papers on the topic "Connective tissues Physiology"

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Akkus, Ozan, and Allison Sieving. "Laboratory Modules for Reinforcement of Concepts Taught in Undergraduate Tissue Mechanics Course." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192691.

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Tissue mechanics is one of the key courses of the Biomechanics subtrack of the undergraduate curriculum. The aims of the course include: 1) To understand the concepts of stress, strain, viscoelasticity and how these concepts apply to musculoskeletal tissues. 2) The ability to infer the state of stress and strain at a given point in a biological structure under torsional, axial, bending and other types of loads. 3) To understand the anatomy of musculoskeletal tissues. Accomplishment of these aims requires a holistic understanding of statics, strength of materials and microanatomy of connective tissues. Conveying this wide range of topics in one class is a major challenge and most textbooks on this subject lack depth either in engineering or in physiology. The purpose of this abstract is to describe the benefits of the integration of theory with experimental practice for bridging the difficult topics of statics, strength of materials and tissue anatomy within the framework of undergraduate biomedical engineering curriculum.
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Metzger, Thomas A., Stephen A. Schwaner, and Glen L. Niebur. "Pressure Gradients in the Trabecular Pore Space of Femurs During Physiologic Loading." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14433.

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Bone marrow is an important niche for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are progenitors for connective tissue cells. MSCs respond to mechanical stimuli (1). For example, steady and oscillatory fluid flow both affect MSC differentiation to the osteogenic lineages (2), while hydrostatic pressure increases MSC osteogenic protein expression (3). Both pressure and fluid flow are induced in bone marrow during loading due to the poroelastic nature of trabecular bone, and these may affect the differentiation or proliferation of the resident stromal cells.
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Kinder, BW, FX McCormack, HR Collard, PJ Wolters, LL Koth, and TE King, Jr. "Clinical, Physiologic, and Radiographic Comparison of Patients with Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease-ILD and Scleroderma-ILD." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a4493.

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