Journal articles: 'Connectionist paradigm'

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Lycan, William G. "Explanationism, ECHO, and the connectionist paradigm." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12, no. 3 (September 1989): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00057198.

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Robins, Anthony V. "MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS IN CONNECTIONIST SYSTEMS." International Journal of Neural Systems 02, no. 04 (January 1991): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065791000327.

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This paper proposes an extension to the basic framework of distributed representation through the learning and use of different sorts of information—“multiple representations”—in connectionist/neural network systems. In current distributed networks units are typically ascribed only one “representing” or information carrying state (activation). Similarly, connections carry a single piece of information (a weight derived from the structure of the population of patterns). In this paper we explore units and connections with multiple information carrying states. In this extended framework, multiple distributed representations can coexist with a given pattern of activation. Processing may be based on the interaction of these representations and multiple learning processes can occur simultaneously in a network. We illustrate these extensions using (in addition to patterns of activation) “centrality distribution” representations. Centrality distributions are applied to two tasks, the representation of category and type hierarchy information and the highlighting of exceptional mappings to speed up learning. We suggest that the use of multiple distributed representations in a network can increase the flexibility and power of connectionist systems while remaining within the subsymbolic paradigm. This topic is of particular relevance in the context of the recent interest in the limitations of connectionism and the interface between connectionist and symbolic methods.

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MacLeod, Christopher, and Niccolo F. Capanni. "Artificial biochemical networks: a different connectionist paradigm." Artificial Intelligence Review 33, no. 1-2 (November 18, 2009): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10462-009-9149-y.

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Pasquinelli, Matteo. "How to Make a Class." Qui Parle 30, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10418385-8955836.

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Abstract It was not a cybernetician but a neoliberal economist who provided the first systematic treatise on connectionism or, as it would later be known, the paradigm of artificial neural networks. In his 1952 book The Sensory Order, Friedrich Hayek advanced a connectionist theory of the mind already far more advanced than the theory of symbolic artificial intelligence, whose birth is redundantly celebrated in 1956 with the exalted Dartmouth workshop. In this text Hayek provided a synthesis of Gestalt principles and considerations of artificial neural networks, even speculating about the possibility of a machine fulfilling a similar function of “the nervous system as an instrument of classification,” auguring what we call today a “classifier algorithm.” This article shows how Hayek’s connectionist theory of the mind was used to shore up a specific and ideological view of the market and schematically reconstructs Hayek’s line of argumentation from his economic paradigm backward to his theory of cognition. Eventually, in Hayek’s interpretation, connectionism provides a relativist cognitive paradigm that justifies the “methodological individualism” of neoliberalism.

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Raghu, T. S., R. Ramesh, Ai-Mei Chang, and Andrew B. Whinston. "Collaborative Decision Making: A Connectionist Paradigm for Dialectical Support." Information Systems Research 12, no. 4 (December 2001): 363–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.12.4.363.9705.

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Garzón, Francisco Calvo. "Rules, similarity, and the information-processing blind alley." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 1 (February 2005): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05260016.

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Pothos's revision of rules and similarity in the area of language illustrates the impression that the classicist/connectionist debate is in a blind alley. Under his continuum proposal, both hypotheses fall neatly within the information-processing paradigm. In my view, the paradigm shift that dynamic systems theory represents (Spencer & Thelen 2003) should be submitted to critical scrutiny. Specific formalizations of the Rules versus Similarity distinction may not lead to a form of unification under Generalized Context Models or connectionist networks.

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SOHN, ANDREW, and JEAN-LUC GAUDIOT. "REPRESENTING AND PROCESSING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN CONNECTIONIST ARCHITECTURES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 04, no. 02 (June 1990): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001490000149.

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Much effort has been expended on developing special architectures dedicated to the efficient execution of problems in artificial intelligence (AI), especially production systems. While artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer the promise of solving various problems in pattern recognition and classification, we demonstrate here that the ANN approach can be applied to the AI production system paradigm. Among various types of neural networks, the three-layers of ring-structured feedback network is considered in this paper to suit the problem domain under investigation. Characteristics of the production system paradigm are identified. Various aspects of the use of feedback neural networks in mapping production systems are discussed. Two types of representation techniques are studied: local and hierarchical representations. A hierarchical representation derives features from patterns in production systems and constructs a 3-dimensional space called feature space, where a pattern can be uniquely defined by a vector. To demonstrate the efficient use of the neural network approach, a mapping of the generic production system is detailed throughout the paper. The results of a deterministic simulation demonstrate that the three layers of ring-structured feedback neural network architecture can be an efficient processing mechanism for the AI production system paradigm.

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Gibbons, Michelle. "Attaining landmark status: Rumelhart and McClelland'sPDP Volumesand the Connectionist Paradigm." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 55, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.21946.

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Giarelli, Guido. "Il "quadrilatero" di Ardigň: genealogia e sviluppo di un paradigma emergente." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (September 2009): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-su2022.

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- After describing the context in which the ‘quadrilateral'of Ardigň was conceived as an innovative gnoseological tool aimed to characterize the rising Italian Health Sociology in comparison with the much more well established tradition of the Northern American and British Medical Sociology, the essay tries to trace its cultural origins: which are found, at the level of scientific debate, in the ‘great coupure' or epistemological turning point of the Thirties, which Ardigň considers the framework from which to move; and, on the other side, in the micro-macro debate which characterized the sociological discipline during the Seventies and the Eighties with the opposition between the Sociologies of the subjective action versus the Sociologies of the social system, and the attempt to get over it by making a ‘paradigm of exit from the postmodern' which could deal in depth with the intrinsic double face and the ambivalence of the social stuff. In the last part, the developments of the ‘quadrilateral'are traced in the attempts of further elaboration by its critical application to different fields of the Sociology of Health (health care systems, health reforms, quality of health care services, health inequalities) which shape an emerging new paradigm of connectionist type.Keywords: "quadrilateral", Sociology of Health, Medical Sociology, ambivalence, connectionist paradigm, postmodern.Parole chiave: "quadrilatero", sociologia della salute, medical sociology, ambivalenza, paradigma connessionista, postmoderno.

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Maldonado, Igor Lima, Vitor Parente de Matos, Taryn Ariadna Castro Cuesta, Guillaume Herbet, and Christophe Destrieux. "The human cingulum: From the limbic tract to the connectionist paradigm." Neuropsychologia 144 (July 2020): 107487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107487.

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Kirschning, Ingrid, Hideto Tomabechi, Masafumi Koyama, and Jun-Ichi Aoe. "The time-sliced paradigm—a connectionist method for continuous speech recognition." Information Sciences 93, no. 1-2 (August 1996): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(96)00083-7.

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ROLI, F., S. B. SERPICO, and G. VERNAZZA. "IMAGE RECOGNITION BY INTEGRATION OF CONNECTIONIST AND SYMBOLIC APPROACHES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 09, no. 03 (June 1995): 485–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001495000493.

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This paper presents a methodology for integrating connectionist and symbolic approaches to 2D image recognition. The proposed integration paradigm exploits the synergy of the two approaches for both the training and the recognition phases of an image recognition system. In the training phase, a symbolic module provides an approximate solution to a given image-recognition problem in terms of symbolic models. Such models are hierarchically organized into different abstraction levels, and include contextual descriptions. After mapping such models into a complex neural architecture, a neural training process is carried out to optimize the solution of the recognition problem. The so-obtained neural networks are used during the recognition phase for pattern classification. In this phase, the role of symbolic modules consists of managing complex aspects of information processing: abstraction levels, contextual information, and global recognition hypotheses. A hybrid system implementing the proposed integration paradigm is presented, and its advantages over single approaches are assessed. Results on Magnetic Resonance image recognition are reported, and comparisons with some well-known classifiers are made.

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Kasabov, Nikola. "The ECOS Framework and the ECO Learning Method for Evolving Connectionist Systems." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 2, no. 6 (December 20, 1998): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1998.p0195.

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This paper introduces a paradigm of connectionist architectures and an approach to building on-line, adaptive intelligent systems. This approach is called evolving connectionist systems (ECOS). EGOS evolve through incremental, on-line learning, both supervised and unsupervised. They can accommodate new input data, including new features, new classes, etc. The ECOS framework is presented and illustrated on a particular type of evolving neural networks - evolving fuzzy neural networks. The task of voice recognition and person identification is used as a case study.

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Saund, Eric. "Distributed Symbolic Representation of Visual Shape." Neural Computation 2, no. 2 (June 1990): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1990.2.2.138.

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The notion of distributed representation has gained significance in explanations of connectionist or “neural” networks. This communication shows that the concept also offers motivation in devising representations for visual shape within a symbolic computing paradigm. In a representation for binary (silhouette) shapes, and in analogy with conventional distributed connectionist networks, descriptive power is gained when microfeatures are available naming important spatial relationships in images. Our symbolic approach is introduced through a vocabulary of 31 “hand built” shape descriptors operating in the two-dimensional shape world of the dorsal fins of fishes.

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Movellan, Javier R., and Jonathan D. Nelson. "Probabilistic functionalism: A unifying paradigm for the cognitive sciences." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 4 (August 2001): 690–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0154008x.

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The probabilistic analysis of functional questions is maturing into a rigorous and coherent research paradigm that may unify the cognitive sciences, from the study of single neurons in the brain to the study of high level cognitive processes and distributed cognition. Endless debates about undecidable structural issues (modularity vs. interactivity, serial vs. parallel processing, iconic vs. propositional representations, symbolic vs. connectionist models) may be put aside in favor of a rigorous understanding of the problems solved by organisms in their natural environments. [Shepard; Tenenbaum & Griffiths]

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Arshavsky, Yuri I. "Neurons versus Networks: The Interplay between Individual Neurons and Neural Networks in Cognitive Functions." Neuroscientist 23, no. 4 (September 22, 2016): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858416670124.

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The main paradigm of cognitive neuroscience is the connectionist concept postulating that the higher nervous activity is performed through interactions of neurons forming complex networks, whereas the function of individual neurons is restricted to generating electrical potentials and transmitting signals to other cells. In this article, I describe the observations from three fields—neurolinguistics, physiology of memory, and sensory perception—that can hardly be explained within the constraints of a purely connectionist concept. Rather, these examples suggest that cognitive functions are determined by specific properties of individual neurons and, therefore, are likely to be accomplished primarily at the intracellular level. This view is supported by the recent discovery that the brain’s ability to create abstract concepts of particular individuals, animals, or places is performed by neurons (“concept cells”) sparsely distributed in the medial temporal lobe.

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Zumalabe-Makirriain, José M. "El estudio neurológico de la conciencia: una valoración crítica." Anales de Psicología 32, no. 1 (December 25, 2015): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.1.184411.

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During the predominance, in the cognitive science, of the classic symbolic-computational paradigm hardly was paid attention to the neurobiological study of the consciousness. With the appearance of the connectionist models which start of a more naturalized and less abiologic conception of the psychology, was taken a radical turn in this subject. Since this current the explanation of the mental phenomenons needs to include references to the biological support because is taken like a computational model the running of the nervous system. After describing the works of the neuroscientist about the neuronal correlates on the consciousness, we analyze since a critical perspective, the limitations and the weaknesses of them refered basically to the conceptual troubles of the connectionism, to the objections to the localizacionism, to the limitations of the cerebral image techniques, to the lack of stablishment of the brain-mind causal relations and to the exclusivist and reductionist pretension of the most part of the investigations.

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Sharma, A. K., and I. K. Sawhney. "Modelling moisture sorption characteristics in dried acid casein using connectionist paradigm vis-à-vis classical methods." Journal of Food Science and Technology 52, no. 1 (April 9, 2013): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-0981-3.

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Sikström, Sverker. "The Teco Theory and Lawful Dependency in Successive Episodic Memory Tests." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 53, no. 3 (August 2000): 693–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755913.

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A large number of experiments in successive tests of episodic memory have focused on an experimental paradigm called recognition failure of recallable words. In this paradigm, a cued recall test follows a recognition test. Large amounts of data have revealed a lawful moderate dependence between recognition and cued recall. TECO (Sikström, 1996b), a general connectionist theory of memory, has been applied for the phenomenon of recognition failure. This paper makes a strong claim that all possible pairwise combinations of successive tests between recognition, cued recognition, cued recall, and free recall follow a lawful relationship. The quantitative degree of the dependency predicted between these tests can be summarized in one function. Four experiments were conducted to test this claim. In line with the predictions, the results show that all pairwise combinations of these tests fit reasonably well with the proposed function. The TECO theory suggests theoretical insights into how recognition and recall may be divided into a recollection component, a familiarity component, and a cue-target integration component.

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Swann, Andrew. "Lenaťs creativity." Pragmatics and Cognition 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.1.1.10swa.

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Lenat has come to the conclusion that his celebrated computer programs, AM and Eurisko, despite impressive achievements, ultimately f ail as creative discovery systems. The paper discusses Lenaťs various attempts to model sustainable creative intelligence, primarily within the paradigm of symbolic processing. Lenaťs current approach requires a larger knowledge base than that of his previous efforts, and in fact Lenat hopes that his new system, Cyc, will have achieved a human breadth and depth of knowledge in the relatively near future. It is concluded that the Cyc project should be extremely important f or future A.I. research, making a significant contribution to the connectionist/symbolist debate.

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ZEHRAOUI, FARIDA, and YOUNÉS BENNANI. "NEW SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS FOR MULTIVARIATE SEQUENCES PROCESSING." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 05, no. 04 (December 2005): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026805001684.

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Spatio-temporal connectionist networks comprise an important class of neural models that can deal with patterns distributed in both time and space. In this article, we present new models of self-organizing maps for sequence clustering and classification. We have introduced the temporal dynamics in these maps and we have proposed several new models based on covariance matrices computation. In the first models, the inputs are modeled using its associated covariance matrix. These models, used in speaker recognition, do not take into account the order of the vectors in the sequence. To overcome this drawback, we have proposed new models, which introduce the temporal dynamics in the covariance matrix associated to the input sequences. In order to obtain a network that can learn new knowledge without forgetting the previous learned ones, we have introduced the plasticity and stability properties into one proposed temporal model using the adaptive resonance theory paradigm.

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De Smet, Hendrik. "The root of ruthless." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 21, no. 2 (August 29, 2016): 250–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.21.2.05des.

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Linguistic variation between individuals must be linked to how linguistic material is mentally represented. Therefore, by examining individual variation, light can be shed on the nature of mental representation itself. This paper presents an individual differences study of semi-opaque derivations (e.g. ruthless) to establish whether their representations are mentally associated to those of fully segmentable forms with the same suffix (e.g. sightless). This way, a prediction of connectionist and exemplar models of morphology is tested, namely that to language users semi-opaque forms are likely to retain some degree of internal complexity, despite the fact that they are not segmentable. Using corpus data, it is demonstrated that individuals who rely more heavily on the segmentable forms are also more likely to use the semi-opaque forms. This pattern in the variation across individuals indicates that semi-opaque derivations are not represented independently of the derivational paradigm from which they historically derive.

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Milina, Velichka. "Energy Security: A Paradigm Shift." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 2, no. 4 (2013): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.12.4.04.

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Kempe, Vera, and Brian MacWhinney. "THE ACQUISITION OF CASE MARKING BY ADULT LEARNERS OF RUSSIAN AND GERMAN." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 20, no. 4 (December 1998): 543–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263198004045.

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This study investigated the acquisition of the comprehension of overt morphological case marking by adult native speakers of English who were learning Russian or German as a second language (L2). The Russian case-marking system is more complex than the German system, but it almost always provides the listener with case inflections that are reliable cues to sentence interpretation. Two approaches to learning of inflectional morphology were contrasted: the rule-based approach, which predicts that learning is determined by paradigm complexity; and the associative approach, which predicts that learning is determined by the cue validity of individual inflections. A computerized picture-choice task probed the comprehension of L2 learners by varying the cues of case marking, noun configuration, and noun animacy. The results demonstrated that learners of Russian use case marking much earlier than learners of German and that learners of German rely more on animacy to supplement the weaker case-marking cue. In order to further explore the underlying mechanisms of learning, a connectionist model was developed that correctly simulated the obtained results. Together, these findings support the view that adult L2 learning is associative and driven by the validity of cues in the input.

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Pieczywok, Andrzej. "Changing the Paradigm of Education for Security." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 13, no. 1 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.13.1.01.

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LaCrosse, Thomas L. "Homeland Security and Homeland Defense: America’s New Paradigm." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 04, no. 3 (2005): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.04.3.02.

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Anderson, John R. "Methodologies for studying human knowledge." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10, no. 3 (September 1987): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00023554.

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AbstractThe appropriate methodology for psychological research depends on whether one is studying mental algorithms or their implementation. Mental algorithms are abstract specifications of the steps taken by procedures that run in the mind. Implementational issues concern the speed and reliability of these procedures. The algorithmic level can be explored only by studying across-task variation. This contrasts with psychology's dominant methodology of looking for within-task generalities, which is appropriate only for studying implementational issues.The implementation-algorithm distinction is related to a number of other “levels” considered in cognitive science. Its realization in Anderson's ACT theory of cognition is discussed. Research at the algorithmic level is more promising because it is hard to make further fundamental scientific progress at the implementational level with the methodologies available. Protocol data, which are appropriate only for algorithm-level theories, provide a richer source than data at the implementational level. Research at the algorithmic level will also yield more insight into fundamental properties of human knowledge because it is the level at which significant learning transitions are defined.The best way to study the algorithmic level is to look for differential learning outcomes in pedagogical experiments that manipulate instructional experience. This provides control and prediction in realistically complex learning situations. The intelligent tutoring paradigm provides a particularly fruitful way to implement such experiments.The implications of this analysis for the issue of modularity of mind, the status of language, research on human/computer interaction, and connectionist models are also examined.

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Davis, Christopher, and Kenneth I. Forster. "Masked Orthographic Priming: The Effect of Prime-Target Legibility." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 47, no. 3 (August 1994): 673–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749408401133.

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The occurrence of extensive orthographic form-priming may provide reasons for preferring connectionist-type models over table-lookup (algorithmic) ones. Short-term masked priming procedures, using either tachistoscopic identification or lexical decision as the response measure, have shown consistent form-priming effects. Unfortunately, different results emerge depending on the procedure used. With the identification procedure, almost any orthographic overlap between prime and target is sufficient for priming to occur, but with the lexical decision procedure, form priming effects are much more limited in scope. The experiments reported here show that accuracy in the masked identification paradigm is influenced by the legibility of the target stimulus when superimposed on an image of the prime, even though there is no orthographic overlap between the two stimuli. Yet for the lexical decision version of the masked priming procedure there is no difference in latency or error rate as a function of legibility. It is further shown that the presence or absence of the legibility effect has little to do with the nature of the task required of the subject, but is instead a function of the duration of the target–-i.e. the legibility effect depends on having the prime and the target both displayed rapidly, and both masked. Failing to take legibility effects into account may lead to problems in interpreting the exact extent of form-priming effects in studies that use the identification procedure.

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Banasik, Mirosław. "A Changing Security Paradigm. New Roles for New Actors – The Russian Approach." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 15, no. 4 (2016): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.15.4.02.

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Blutner, Reinhard. "Neural networks, penalty logic and optimality theory." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 51 (January 1, 2009): 53–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.51.2009.374.

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Ever since the discovery of neural networks, there has been a controversy between two modes of information processing. On the one hand, symbolic systems have proven indispensable for our understanding of higher intelligence, especially when cognitive domains like language and reasoning are examined. On the other hand, it is a matter of fact that intelligence resides in the brain, where computation appears to be organized by numerical and statistical principles and where a parallel distributed architecture is appropriate. The present claim is in line with researchers like Paul Smolensky and Peter Gärdenfors and suggests that this controversy can be resolved by a unified theory of cognition – one that integrates both aspects of cognition and assigns the proper roles to symbolic computation and numerical neural computation. The overall goal in this contribution is to discuss formal systems that are suitable for grounding the formal basis for such a unified theory. It is suggested that the instruments of modern logic and model theoretic semantics are appropriate for analyzing certain aspects of dynamical systems like inferring and learning in neural networks. Hence, I suggest that an active dialogue between the traditional symbolic approaches to logic, information and language and the connectionist paradigm is possible and fruitful. An essential component of this dialogue refers to Optimality Theory (OT) – taken as a theory that likewise aims to overcome the gap between symbolic and neuronal systems. In the light of the proposed logical analysis notions like recoverability and bidirection are explained, and likewise the problem of founding a strict constraint hierarchy is discussed. Moreover, a claim is made for developing an "embodied" OT closing the gap between symbolic representation and embodied cognition.

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Melnikov, A. "ON THE PROBLEM OF METAPARADIGMATIC TYPOLOGIZATION OF SOCIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Sociology 8 (2017): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-7979/8.3.

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The paper examines the problem of pluralism in modern paradigmatic conceptualizations of sociological knowledge. The notion of polyparadigmality, main typologies of paradigms, and attempts of their meta-theoretic generalizations are considered. In this context, most attention paid to the existential paradigm as one of the most relevant approaches to the understanding of current social changes. Based on theoretical and historical perspectives, author proposes a structured typology that includes classical, nonclassical and postnonclassical metaparadigms, each of which, in turn, involves certain paradigms. It is shown that the change of meta-paradigms primarily revealed the increase of sociological self-reflection and the adoption of dialectical logic of objectivism, subjectivism and their subsequent synthesis. There is questioning the very necessity of epistemological application of paradigm and meta-paradigm levels, which can be reduced in scale to theories and paradigms accordingly. Main directions of further meta-systematization of sociological knowledge from a perspective of "theoretical minimalism" is outlined. This perspective's methodological strategy described as rooted in the method of the history of sociology, suggesting strict fixation and comprehensive interrelation of constant, essential elements of paradigms. The problem of meta-systematization has also included the differentiation of explicit and implicit divisions of theory comparison, sociological and social criteria of paradigmatic typology, multidimensional model of theoretical dichotomies, and conceptualization of interdisciplinary connections of meta-paradigms (positivism, existentialism, postmodernism, functionalism, etc.).

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Банасик,, Мирослав. "Меняющаяся парадигма безопасности. Новые роли для новых акторов – российский подход." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 15, no. 4 (2016): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.15.rus.4.02.

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Brang, David, Zack Taich, Steven A. Hillyard, and Vilayanur S. Ramachandran. "Task dependent anatomical connections underlie multisensory processing." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646316.

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Our senses interact in daily life through multisensory integration, facilitating perceptual processes and behavioral responses. Numerous multisensory regions have been identified in humans and animals, raising the question of whether a single mechanism can support the dynamic range of experiences and behaviors multisensory processing engenders. The most common neural mechanisms proposed to underlie multisensory processing include anatomical connections directly linking early sensory areas, indirect connections to higher-order multisensory regions, and functional connectivity between cortical areas. Here we examine the relationship between white matter connectivity, as assessed with diffusion tensor imaging and individual differences in two divergent forms of multisensory processing: the redundant-target effect (RTE), in which subjects’ behavior is facilitated by congruent multisensory information, and the sound-induced illusory flash (SIIF) paradigm, in which incongruent multisensory information elicits a novel percept. Behavioral results demonstrated strong intra-subject reliability of the RTE and SIIF paradigms, but no correlation in performance between the two tasks. Consistent with this behavioral finding, we identified distinct anatomical networks underlying these two forms of multisensory processing. Using a whole-brain analysis and contrasting anatomical models of multisensory processing, increased behavioral performance on the RTE was associated with increased connectivity between the superior parietal lobe and early sensory regions. Conversely, increased incidence of illusion on the SIIF paradigm was associated with increased connectivity directly between early auditory and visual areas. These results implicate a broad network of anatomical connections involved in task-dependent multisensory processes.

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EFIMOV, I. "Connections, connections, connexins: Towards systems biology paradigm of cardiac arrhythmia." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 41, no. 6 (December 2006): 949–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.09.003.

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Schneider, Walter. "Connectionism: Is it a paradigm shift for psychology?" Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 19, no. 2 (March 1987): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03203762.

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Maqsood, Imran, and Ajith Abraham. "Weather analysis using ensemble of connectionist learning paradigms." Applied Soft Computing 7, no. 3 (June 2007): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2006.06.005.

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Dixa, Marta. "Miejsce hipotezy „napędu kulturowego” w wyjaśnianiu ewolucji gatunku ludzkiego." Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia 17, no. 1 (May 18, 2022): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.17.1.6.

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The main purpose of this work is to show the internal theoretical connections of the two fundamental paradigms that describe the evolution of the human species, that is, the Lamarckian paradigm and the Darwinian paradigm. In carrying out this task, I begin by presenting the two evolutionary concepts. Understanding the content of these paradigms allows us to focus on the argumentation proposed by modern evolutionary biologists on the issue of the evolution of Homo sapiens; more precisely, on the paraphrased concept of “genetic drive.” Employed so far in a narrow range of genetic phenomena, it was — thanks to Allan Wilson — transformed into the concept of “cultural drive” and used to explain innovations appearing in not only genetic but also cultural endowments of the human species. This type of application of the concept of cultural drive in the structure of the Homo sapiens theory of evolution has recently been proposed by Kevin Laland. Then I show what kind of deviations (expressed in the variability of biological endowments, that is, in the form of exaptations and spandrels) are produced by the cultural factors of the evolution of Homo sapiens and how they can not only be included in the mechanisms of species evolution (as interpreted on the basis of the Lamarckian paradigm), but also how they constitute the “material” on which civilization changes take place.

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HOOKER, C. A., H. B. PENFOLD, and R. J. EVANS. "Control, Connectionism and Cognition: Towards a New Regulatory Paradigm." British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 43, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 517–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjps/43.4.517.

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Imre, Anikó. "Streaming freedom in illiberal Eastern Europe." Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 14, no. 2 (May 16, 2019): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749602019837775.

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The article asks how we begin to assess the connections and mutual influences between television’s increasing globalisation facilitated by digital distribution platforms and the globalisation of crisis borne by the failure of the neo-liberal free market paradigm, which has resulted in the rise of nativist nationalisms, xenophobia and authoritarianism. I argue that, considering these contradictory developments as interconnected disrupts some of the epistemological paradigms inherited from the Cold War and simultaneously helps us understand – and demystify – emerging paradigms of consumer empowerment associated with streaming in television and media studies. In particular, I demonstrate the importance of resisting sweeping assessments about the globalisation of the ‘HBO-type quality drama’ by considering the operations of HBO Europe, whose pioneering localisation practices in Eastern Europe have thrived within increasingly illiberal political conditions in the post-socialist Eastern European region.

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Manzoni, Pietro, Vittorio Maniezzo, and Marco A. Boschetti. "Modeling Distributed MQTT Systems Using Multicommodity Flow Analysis." Electronics 11, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091498.

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The development of technologies that exploit the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has led to the increasingly widespread use of networks formed by different devices scattered throughout the territory. The Publish/Subscribe paradigm is one of the most used communication paradigms for applications of this type. However, adopting these systems due to their centralized structure also leads to the emergence of various problems and limitations. For example, the broker is typically the single point of failure of the system: no communication is possible if the broker is unavailable. Moreover, they may not scale well considering the massive numbers of IoT devices forecasted in the future. Finally, a network architecture with a single central broker is partially at odds with the edge-oriented approach. This work focuses on the development of an adaptive topology control approach, able to find the most efficient network configuration maximizing the number of connections and reduce the waste of resources within it, starting from the definition of the devices and the connections between them present in the system. To reach the goal, we leverage an integer linear programming mathematical formulation, providing the basis to solve and optimize the problem of network configuration in contexts where the resources available to the devices are limited.

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Ikonovic, Vesna. "Map: Geospatial paradigm." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 86, no. 2 (2006): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0602237i.

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There are different definitions of map. There is no one which is accepted in whole world or at least from the most cartographers. In the paper it will be given several definitions which are, at the best way, (according to the author?s opinion) reflecting essence of map as a model of reality. Map as a universal meaning of researching can?t serve only for representing particular geospace (spatial system) or some its element, or to give only clear view about geographical dispersion of objects, phenomena and processes, but have to make possible studying the patterns of that dispersion, as well as their mutual connections and conditions.

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Lavrischeva, E. M. "The Theory Graph Modeling and Programming Systems from Module Elements to the Application Areas." Computer and Information Science 12, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n4p20.

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The mathematical basics of graph modeling and paradigm programming of applied systems (AS) are presented. The vertices of graph are been the functional elements of the systems and the arcs define the connections between them. The graph is represented by an adjacency and reach ability matrix. A number of graph of program structures and their representation by mathematical operations (unions, connections, differences, etc.) are shown. Given the characteristics of graph structures, complexes, units, and systems created from the modules of the graph. The method of modeling the system on the graph of modules, which describe in the programming languages (LP) and calling them with operations (link, assembling, building, etc.). The standard of configuration (2012) Assembly of heterogeneous software elements in AS of different fields of knowledge is made. Brief descriptions of modern and future programming paradigms for formal theoretical creation of systems from service-components for Internet in the near future are given.

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Di Iorio, Francesco. "Hayek and the hermeneutics of mind." Social Science Information 54, no. 2 (February 16, 2015): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018414566420.

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The article investigates the connections between Hayek’s cognitive psychology and his methodological individualism. It argues that Hayek’s theory of the sensory order, which is his less-studied scientific contribution, supports an original but largely unknown argument in favour of the Verstehen approach of methodological individualism. Hayek merges a theory of the temporality of knowledge as understood by phenomenological hermeneutics, and notably by Gadamer, with a proto-connectionist theory of mind to develop a perspective that anticipates by decades Varela’s and Maturana’s neuro-phenomenology. The article shows that Hayek uses this perspective to criticize the deterministic paradigms of action that consider action to be a mechanical effect of a pre-given reality and challenge the Verstehen approach, which is defended both by methodological individualism and phenomenological hermeneutics.

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Banan, Shahryar, Muhammad Ridwan, and Abdurahman Adisaputera. "A Study of Connectionism Theory." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (August 13, 2020): 2335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i3.1181.

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The development of connectionism represents a paradigm shift in science. Connectionism has its root in cognitive and computational neuroscience. Likening the brain to a computer, connectionism tries to describe human mental abilities in terms of artificial neural networks. A neural network consists of a large number of nodes and units which are joined together to form an interconnection network. Within these interconnections, knowledge is distributed. Therefore learning is a processing by-product. This article is about the concept of connectionism, what it accounts for and what it doesn't take into account. Finally, different approaches to connectionism are discussed.

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Jones, Steve. "Cartesianism and Intersubjectivity in Paranormal Activity and the Philosophy of Mind." Film-Philosophy 21, no. 1 (February 2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2017.0028.

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Over the last century within the philosophy of mind, the intersubjective model of self has gained traction as a viable alternative to the oft-criticised Cartesian solipsistic paradigm. These two models are presented as incompatible inasmuch as Cartesians perceive other minds as “a problem” for the self, while intersubjectivists insist that sociality is foundational to selfhood. This essay uses the Paranormal Activity series (2007–2015) to explore this philosophical debate. It is argued that these films simultaneously evoke Cartesian premises (via found-footage camerawork), and intersubjectivity (via an ongoing narrative structure that emphasises connections between the characters, and between each film). The philosophical debates illuminate premises on which the series’ story and horror depends. Moreover, Paranormal Activity also sheds light on the theoretical debate: the series brings those two paradigms together into a coherent whole, thereby suggesting that the two models are potentially compatible. By developing a combined model, scholars working in the philosophy of mind might better account for the different aspects of self-experience these paradigms focus on.

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IZHIKEVICH, EUGENE M., and FRANK C. HOPPENSTEADT. "POLYCHRONOUS WAVEFRONT COMPUTATIONS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 05 (May 2009): 1733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409023809.

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There is great interest in methods for computing that do not involve digital machines. Many computational paradigms were inspired by brain research, such as Boolean neuronal logic [McCulloch & Pitts, 1943], the perceptron [Rosenblatt, 1958], attractor neural networks [Hopfield, 1982] and cellular neural nets [Chua & Yang, 1988]. All these paradigms abstract biological circuits to artificial neural networks, i.e. interconnected units (neurons) that perform computations based on the connections between the units (synapses). Here we present a novel computational framework based on polychronous wavefront dynamics. It is entirely different from an artificial neural network paradigm, rather it is based on temporal and spatial patterns of activity in pulse-propagating media and their interaction with transponders, which create pulses in response to receiving appropriate inputs, e.g. two coincident input pulses. A pulse propagates as a circular wave from its source to other transponders. Computations result from interactions between transponders, and they are encoded by the exact physical locations of transponders and by precise timings of pulses. We illustrate temporal pattern recognition, reverberating memory, temporal signal analysis and basic logical operations using polychronous wavefront computations. This work reveals novel principles for designing nanoscale computational devices.

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Losada Carrasco, Felipe, and Gittith Sánchez Padilla. "Biodanza in the Development of High- Performance Teams: Embodying the Appreciative Paradigm." AI Practitioner 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12781/978-1-907549-48-9-3.

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Cada día sentimos en nuestro cuerpo sensaciones agradables o desagradables, agitación o calma, influenciando la conexión con las demás personas que forman parte del equipo. La práctica del sistema de integración humana “Biodanza” aumenta la conexión del equipo, lo que se refleja en el aumento de positividad y la reducción de la negatividad de los afectos medidos a través del test PANAS, indicadores que caracterizan a los equipos de alto desempeño según el modelo Meta Learning. El cuerpo y las experiencias integradoras son los protagonistas de este proceso. Every day in our bodies we feel pleasant or unpleasant sensations, agitation, or calm, which influence the connections we have with other people who form part of a team. Practising the ‘Biodanza’ human integration system increases the connections within a team, which is reflected in increased positivity and reduced negativity of affect as measured with the PANAS test, indicators that characterise high-performance teams according to the Meta Learning model. The body and the integrative experiences are the protagonists in this process.

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Feltes, Heloísa Pedroso de Moraes. "Embodiment in cognitive linguistic: from experientialism to computational neuroscience." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 26, spe (2010): 503–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502010000300006.

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The aim of this paper is to reflect on the character of embodiment in the framework of Cognitive Linguistics based on Lakoff, collaborators and interlocutors. Initially I characterize the embodied mind, via cognitive experientialism. In these terms, the theory shapes how human beings build and process knowledge structures which regulate their individual and collective lives. Next, the Neural Theory of Language in which embodiment is rebuilt from a five level paradigm, where structured connectionism carries on the very burden of computational description and explanation is discussed. From these assumption, classical problems about computational implementations for models of natural language functioning as reductionist-physicalist approaches, I then conclude by assuming that embodiment, as an investigation phenomenon, shouldn't be formulated in terms of levels, being treated as interfaces instead, at such manner that: (a) the epistemological commitments should be synchronically sustained in all interfaces of the investigation paradigm; (b) the conventional computational level should be taken as one of the problems which has to be treated in the structured connectionism plan; (c) the strategic reduction levels paradigm and the results obtained from it might imply a kind of modularization of the program of research itself; e (d) the modules would be interdependent only as a result of the reductionist proposal. As a result, I assume that it is possible to do Cognitive Linguistics without adhering to structured connectionism, or to neurocomputacional simulation, as long as one would operate with interfaces constructions between domains of investigation and not with a reductionist features paradigm treated in terms of "levels".

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Kim, Jongyoung. "Beyond paradigm: Making transcultural connections in a scientific translation of acupuncture." Social Science & Medicine 62, no. 12 (June 2006): 2960–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.053.

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Navarrete Navarrete, María Teresa. "“Se dice poeta”: poesía española, mujer y nuevas tecnologías." Signa: Revista de la Asociación Española de Semiótica 28 (June 28, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/signa.vol28.2019.25048.

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Este artículo reflexiona sobre los cambios que el paradigma de lo digital ha introducido en el proceso literario, especialmente, en la agrupación de las mujeres poetas. Las conexiones que el espacio virtual ha favorecido entre las poetas y las implicaciones que las herramientas digitales han suscitado en la publicación de sus obras serán las cuestiones fundamentales que este trabajo aborda. Se utilizan métodos y conceptos del análisis de redes sociales como homofilia y small world network.This article analyzes the changes that the digital paradigm has introduced in the literary process, especially in the grouping of Spanish women poets. The connections that the virtual space has favored among women poets and the implications that digital tools have aroused in the publication of their literary works will be the fundamental questions that this analysis shows. The article uses methods and concepts such as homophily and small world network from social network analysis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Connectionist paradigm'

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