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Highmore, Ben. "Disjunctive Constellations: On Climate Change, Conjunctures and Cultural Studies." New Formations 102, no. 102 (December 1, 2020): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:102.02.2020:.
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The planetary scale of climate change challenges forms of conjunctural analyses that are based around the scale of national politics and culture. Global warming insists on planetary dimensions and invites us to treat humankind as a species that has developed a taste for fossil fuels. Critical cultural studies, and the human sciences more generally, seem founded on the principle that culture and society have historically worked to differentiate humans, and that the task of a critical practice is to investigate this process within and across specific geographical locales. How do we reconcile what seems to be an irreconcilable difference between cultural studies and climate change? Below I argue that, alongside the necessary work of conjunctural analysis, we should remember that the critical human sciences have other capacities that are more suited to negotiating the monstrous diversity of scales that global warming and the microcultures of the everyday articulate. Alongside conjunctural analysis I argue for the relevance of an approach that would posit 'disjunctive constellations' as objects for attention. While it might seem counter-intuitive, the disjunctive constellations I have in mind are at once more modest and (potentially) more expansive than a conjuncture. In my understanding, disjunctive constellations are not in opposition to conjunctures; they may well be the critical kernel at the heart of a conjunctural sensitivity.
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Grossberg, Lawrence. "Cultural Studies in search of a method, or looking for conjunctural analysis." New Formations 96, no. 96 (March 1, 2019): 38–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:96/97.02.2019.
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Conjunctural analysis is a conversation across many fields, discourses, knowledges and institutions, a conversation one seeks to advance by humbly offering the best contributions one can. Too often, a conjuncture is simply treated as a context defined by some boundary, often but not necessarily a given space and period of time. This article attempts to uncover some of the concepts and assumptions that have driven the author's own efforts as part of a broader collaborative effort, and that have, over the course of more than four decades, constituted his passion for cultural studies. The article offers some theorising on the conjunctural analysis to open up and continue the important conversation, and hopefully to move the possibilities of political analysis a bit further on.
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Yulianto, Eko. "GRAMMATICAL COHESION CONJUNCTION OF 99 CAHAYA DI LANGIT EROPA NOVEL BY HANUM SALSABIELA RAIS AND RANGGA ALMAHENDRA." Hortatori : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 4, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 09–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/jh.v4i1.312.
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Abstract: This article contains the results of research on discourse analysis of 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa which is one of the best-selling novel in Indonesia. In addition to positioning the novel as a literary work, also need to analyze the novel in terms of linguistics. The purpose of this study was to determine the grammatical cohesion contained in the novel, specifically the conjuncture grammatical cohesion.This study uses qualitative content analysis techniques, sampling by way of reduction of the content of the novel. This research analyzes the use of grammatical conjunctions cohesion on the novel, which consists of grammatical cohesion adversative conjunctions, temporal, causal, and additives. The results of sample of 90 paragraphs, consisting of 263 pairs of sentences, 23 (8.75%) pairs of sentences were found to have conjunctural grammatical cohesion, and 240 (91.25%) sentences that didn’t have conjunctural grammatical marker relationships. Keywords: discourse, cohesion, conjunctions, novel.
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Ege, Moritz, and Alexander Gallas. "The Exhaustion of Merkelism: A Conjunctural Analysis." New Formations 96, no. 96 (March 1, 2019): 89–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:96/97.04.2019.
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Inspired by Hall et al.'s Policing the Crisis (1978), the authors provide a conjunctural analysis of present-day Germany. It is based on a periodisation of Merkelism – the dominant political mode of managing the economic, political and cultural crisis tendencies in the country from the mid-2000s onwards. This reveals that the Merkelist approach to crisis management has become exhausted. The manifestation point of this process is the 2015 'Summer of Migration'. The Merkel government decided not to prevent hundred thousands of refugees who had been walking across the Balkans for months from entering the country. Hereupon, it was identified, at the level of political discourse, with a liberal stance on the border regime. As a result, the pragmatic and depoliticising interventions typical of Merkelism lost traction; a political and cultural polarisation emerged. Importantly, this happened in the context of a socio-economic consolidation of large parts of the 'new' middle class – and a protracted decline of the working class, which was covered up by narratives of Germany as a success story. Accordingly, the conjuncture in the country is characterised by the weakening of class ties of political and cultural representation and the proliferation of nationalist interpellations. Once again, 'race is the modality in which class is lived' (Hall), which is visible in the widespread assumption that there are clearly defined, homogeneous and incompatible 'cultures' clashing with one another. In this sense, race has become a politically salient category whose discursive predominance contributes to further marginalising a language of class.
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Cota, Gabriela Méndez. "Policing the Environmental Conjuncture: Structural Violence in Mexico and the National Assembly of the Environmentally Affected." New Formations 96, no. 96 (March 1, 2019): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:96/97.03.2019.
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In this article, I contextualise the emergence and describe the political processes of a grassroots mobilisation against the structural violence of neoliberalism in Mexico in order to suggest the necessity of re-thinking conjunctural analysis in a posthegemonic direction. The National Assembly of the Environmentally Affected (ANAA) is a nationwide network of Mexican communities and organisations that has operated since 2008. ANAA's most notorious achievement has been the opening of a Mexican chapter at the Permanent People's Tribunal, the final verdict of which established the legal responsibility of the Mexican State for structural violence against the Mexican people. My account of ANAA's intervention in the Mexican conjuncture recuperates Stuart Hall's emphasis on complexity and singularity by narrating, through multiple critical voices, the cultural and political conjuncture in which some of the most environmentally affected groups of the Mexican population have been able to organise and strike alliances with critical academic communities or socially concerned scientists. In terms of theoretical elaboration, I reflect on the limits of conjunctural analysis as a response to the deeper crisis of representation – what I call a 'disjuncture' – that concerns the scale of socioenvironmental violence in neoliberal Mexico. In order to think beyond issues of cultural representation, I propose to inform a situated practice of environmentally affected cultural studies with the posthegemonic turn in Latin American thinking of the political.
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Leitner, Helga, and Eric Sheppard. "Towards an epistemology for conjunctural inter-urban comparison." Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 13, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaa025.
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Abstract We propose an epistemology for conjunctural inter-urban comparison, stressing the dialectical relationship between the general and the particular. We spatialise conjunctural analysis, avoiding methodological territorialism by extending the explanatory framework outwards in space to incorporate inter-territorial connections and supra-territorial scalar relations. We then provide three guiding principles for conjunctural comparison: an open starting point, a three-dimensional socio-spatial ontology and the general/particular dialectic. Illustrating this with comparative fieldwork on urban land transformations in Jakarta and Bangalore, we stress-test received theories and develop Inter-scalar Chains of Rentiership: this mid-range concept clarifies shared tendencies across the cities, particularities differentiating them and their inter-relations.
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Никита Николаевич, Равочкин,, and Рвалов, Павел Николаевич. "CONJUNCTURAL COMPLIANCE OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS PROJECTS." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Философия, no. 3(61) (December 1, 2022): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtphilos/2022.3.061.
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Современный мир обращается к богатому и перманентно обновляющемуся интеллектуальному наследию. Однако идеи сами по себе ничего не означают и не могут обеспечить хоть какой-нибудь эффект, пока не воспринимаются и не интерпретируются различными акторами. Зачастую для социальных преобразований используются несколько идей, объединенных вокруг определенного вектора эволюции. Именно идеи позволяют воплотить своего рода желаемый замысел и концептуальные основания нового общества с учетом влияния на них множества параметров, образующих конъюнктуру. Воплощаясь в различных реалиях, сочетания идей создают уникальные социальные феномены, которые позволяют национальным государствам реагировать на регулярно возникающие вызовы. Встает вопрос по поводу того, как и почему идентичные проекты социальных преобразований неодинаковым образом воплощаются в эмпирических контекстах. Настоящая статья посвящена рассмотрению влияния конъюнктуры на практическое воплощение идейных синтезов как проектов социальных преобразований. Авторы рассматривают конъюнктуру и ее составляющие. Осуществлен социально-философский анализ ряда проектов, касающихся инновационного развития общества, применения электронных технологий в образовании и самозанятости населения. На примерах реализации идеи инновационного развития в России показано высокое значение конъюнктуры, существенно затрудняющей данную инициативу. Авторами обобщены идеи дистанционного образования и объяснено, почему оценки онлайн-курсов как минимум являются амбивалентными. Неполное воплощение проекта самозанятости аргументированно объясняется национальными особенностями менталитета и правосознания. В заключение подведены итоги и намечены перспективы дальнейших исследований. The modern world is turning to a rich and constantly renewing intellectual heritage. However, ideas in themselves do not mean anything and cannot provide any effect until they are perceived and interpreted by various actors. Often, several ideas are used for social transformations, united around a certain vector of evolution. It is ideas that make it possible to embody a kind of desired design and conceptual foundations of a new society, taking into account the influence on them of many parameters that form the conjuncture. Embodied in various realities, combinations of ideas create unique social phenomena that allow nation-states to respond to regularly emerging challenges. The question arises as to how and why identical projects of social transformation are embodied in different ways in empirical contexts. This article is devoted to the consideration of the influence of the conjuncture on the practical implementation of ideological syntheses as projects of social transformations. The authors consider the conjuncture and its components. A socio-philosophical analysis of a number of projects related to the innovative development of society, the use of electronic technologies in education and self-employment of the population has been carried out. On examples of the implementation of the idea of innovative development in Russia, the high importance of the conjuncture, which significantlycomplicates this initiative, is shown. The authors summarized the ideas of distance education and explained why the assessments of online courses are at least ambivalent. The incomplete implementation of the self-employment project is reasonably explained by the national peculiarities of the mentality and legal consciousness. In conclusion, the results are summarized and prospects for further research are outlined.
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Gilbert, Jeremy. "This Conjuncture: For Stuart Hall." New Formations 96, no. 96 (March 1, 2019): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:96/97.editorial.2019.
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When Stuart Hall died in 2014, many tributes and memorial activities were planned by organisations, institutions and publications that felt they owed him a debt. New Formations was no exception, and the editorial board spent some time reflecting on an appropriate tribute. Stuart himself, as many of us knew, had little interest in seeing his work codified or memorialised for its own sake. But there was one injunction that many of us were familiar with from that work, his example, and from frequent personal and political conversations with him. The importance of thinking about 'the conjuncture', of 'getting the analysis right', was one that Stuart frequently emphasised to his students and interlocutors. The importance of mapping the specificity of the present, of situating current developments historically, of looking out for political threats and opportunities, was always at the heart of Stuart's conception both of 'cultural studies' as a specific intellectual practice, and of the general vocation of critical and engaged scholarship in the contemporary world. This is double-issue is the first of two volumes of New Formations to be dedicated, in Stuart's honour, to the understanding of this conjuncture. This introductory essay/editorial considers the relationship between 'cultural studies' and 'conjunctural analysis' as specific types of intellectual practice, before proposing a specific analysis of our present 'conjuncture', in dialogue with the other contributors to this volume.
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Murphy, James T. "Global production network dis/articulations in Zanzibar: practices and conjunctures of exclusionary development in the tourism industry." Journal of Economic Geography 19, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 943–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbz009.
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Abstract Recent assessments of economic geographers’ work on global production stress the need for improved understandings of the immanent, structural and contingent drivers of disarticulations—uneven and exclusionary development outcomes that often occur when places become connected to global production networks (GPN). Some argue that a productive approach is to view the places or regions linked to GPN as ‘conjunctures’ of context-specific and multi-scalar processes, social formations, power relations, histories and structures that shape the quality of GPN couplings and help to produce disarticulations. This article argues that an epistemological focus on the practices of firms connected to GPN can yield insights into industry-specific processes (e.g. value creation, upgrading) and region- or place-specific conjunctural factors that produce disarticulations. The approach is elaborated on and applied illustratively to the case of Zanzibar’s (Tanzania) tourism industry, a sector that has grown rapidly but in a manner that has excluded many of the archipelago’s residents from the benefits of increasing integration into GPN. The practices of Zanzibari enterprises and foreign-owned resorts show how local enterprises are increasingly marginal in tourism GPN, while large-scale resorts and non-local firms capture and subsequently offshore much of the value generated by the industry. A qualitative analysis of these practices highlights how they are shaped in part by the conjuncture of several structural factors and processes—political, economic, racial and technological—that help to produce disarticulations in Zanzibar.
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Clarke, John. "A sense of loss? Unsettled attachments in the current conjuncture." New Formations 96, no. 96 (March 1, 2019): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:96/97.05.2019.
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In what ways does conjunctural analysis help us to think better about the present? In this article, I will suggest that this way of thinking (Stuart Hall's demanding gift to cultural studies) offers us three things of value for dealing with a turbulent and troubling present:<br/> • A configuration of time-space: not just the conventional here and now, but spatial relations and entangled temporalities;<br/> • Attention to heterogeneous social forces and their political alignments;<br/> • The principle of articulation, rather than the analysis of singularities.<br/> A conjunctural analysis helps to illuminate the present and I suggest that it might be approached in terms of the framing effects of different formations, different temporalities and the different 'senses of loss' that were articulated in the politics of Brexit.
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Lehtonen, Mikko. "‘What’s going on?’ in Finland: Employing Stuart Hall for a conjunctural analysis." International Journal of Cultural Studies 19, no. 1 (August 24, 2015): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877915599612.
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Charteris, Jennifer, Dianne Smardon, and Emily Nelson. "Innovative learning environments and new materialism: A conjunctural analysis of pedagogic spaces." Educational Philosophy and Theory 49, no. 8 (March 12, 2017): 808–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2017.1298035.
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Jakimowicz, Aleksander, and Daniel Rzeczkowski. "Innovativeness of Industrial Processing Enterprises and Conjunctural Movement." Entropy 22, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101177.
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Singulation of components determining the innovative activity of enterprises is a complex issue as it depends on both microeconomic and macroeconomic factors. The purpose of this article is to present the results of research on the impact of the mutual interactions between ownership and the size of companies on the achievement of the objectives of innovative activity by Polish industrial processing enterprises in changing cyclical conditions. The importance of innovation barriers was also assessed. Empirical data came from three periods that covered different phases of the business cycle: prosperity 2004–2006, global financial crisis 2008–2010, and recovery 2012–2014. The research used a cybernetic approach based on feedback loops presenting interactions between variables. In addition, two statistical methods were used: the Pearson’s χ2 independence test and correspondence analysis. The following discoveries were made during the research: (1) consideration of the combined impact of ownership and the size of companies on their innovation activities makes it possible to study phenomena that may be overlooked if the impact of these factors is considered separately; (2) public enterprises achieve significantly worse results in terms of innovation than companies from other ownership sectors; (3) the Red Queen effect, which assumes that the best innovative enterprises exert selection pressure on all other companies, applies to industrial processing companies, and in particular public enterprises; (4) the industrial processing section is more sensitive to secular trends than to cyclical fluctuations; (5) confirmation of occurrence of the Polish Green Island effect, which assumes that companies achieve good results in terms of innovation, irrespective of the phases of the business cycle; and (6) statistical evidence is provided that the global financial crisis may be associated with the turn of the Fifth and Sixth Kondratieff waves. Most likely, the role of the communication channel between the world economy and the Polish manufacturing section is fulfilled by foreign ownership, whose percentage of share capital of this section is estimated at 50%.
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De Neergaard, Maja, Mia Arp Fallov, Rikke Skovgaard Nielsen, and Anja Jørgensen. "Contexts and Interconnections: A Conjunctural Approach to Territorial Cohesion." Social Inclusion 8, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i4.3368.
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This article contributes to current debates around EU policy on territorial cohesion and its place-based approaches. Based on substantial empirical research in seven member countries in an on-going EU Horizon 2020 project, the article develops a conjunctural approach based on Doreen Massey’s conceptualisation of place to provide insight into how local development functions in spatial and temporal dimensions. One of the main objectives of the case studies is to compare policy programmes and practices that seek to alleviate territorial inequality and generate economic growth and territorial cohesion. In such a comparison, the issue of conflating and rescaling administrative territorial units and boundaries demands particular attention. Administrative boundaries do not necessarily reflect the complexity and interconnections between policy actors, businesses, and local communities. Local specificities make it difficult to compare the local political room for manoeuvre due to different administrative principles, unequal degrees of devolution of competences or differences in constitutions, e.g., federal states versus unity states. In this article, we argue that, faced with an analysis of highly diverse cases, a conjunctural analytical approach can help to capture and unpack some of the places’ complexities and regional interconnections and be a useful supplement to more conventional comparisons of more similar places. Through two examples, the article discusses what the application of this conjunctural approach means in practice, how it helped shape our understanding of how differently and how it can be further developed to accommodate place-based approaches to researching territorial cohesion.
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Clarke, John. "Conjunctures, crises, and cultures." Focaal 2014, no. 70 (December 1, 2014): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2014.700109.
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This article explores the significance of the work of Stuart Hall for social and political anthropology. It identifies the concern with concrete conjunctural analysis, the continuing attention to the problem of hegemony, and the centrality of a politics of articulation in theory and practice as core features of Hall's work. The article also touches on his complex relationship with theory and theorizing while grounding his work in a series of political and ethical commitments within and beyond the university.
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Bum, Tsering. "Translating ecological migration policy: a conjunctural analysis of Tibetan pastoralist resettlement in China." Critical Asian Studies 50, no. 4 (September 3, 2018): 518–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2018.1515028.
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Inch, Andy, and Edward Shepherd. "Thinking conjuncturally about ideology, housing and English planning." Planning Theory 19, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095219887771.
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This article explores the value of Stuart Hall’s approach to conjunctural analysis for examining the complex relations between ideology and planning. By ‘thinking conjuncturally’, we explore planning as a site where multiple social, economic and political forces coalesce; ideology is one of these forces whose role and influence must be tracked alongside others. To illustrate this, we draw on recent and ongoing planning reforms in England and their relationship with housing development. Highlighting the faltering role of a particular ideological formation in ‘suturing together contradictory lines of argument and emotional investments’ around housing and planning, this article draws attention to planning as a space where ideological struggle takes place within the frame of a broader, contingent cultural hegemony. This struggle may help to reaffirm that hegemony, but it can also open space for alternative visions to be articulated, with potential to transform dominant logics of planning, and reveal routes to practical and progressive action.
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Anievas, Alexander, and Kerem Nişancioğlu. "How Did the West Usurp the Rest? Origins of the Great Divergence over theLongue Durée." Comparative Studies in Society and History 59, no. 1 (January 2017): 34–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417516000608.
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AbstractTraditional explanations of the “rise of the West” have located the sources of Western supremacy in structural or long-term developmental factors internal to Europe. By contrast, revisionist accounts have emphasized the conjunctural and contingent aspects of Europe's ascendancy, while highlighting intersocietal conditions that shaped this trajectory to global dominance. While sharing the revisionist focus on the non-Western sources of European development, we challenge their conjunctural explanation, which denies differences between “West” and “East” and within Europe. We do so by deploying the idea of uneven and combined development (UCD), which redresses the shortcomings found on both sides of the debate: the traditional Eurocentric focus on the structural and immanent characteristics of European development and the revisionists’ emphasis on contingency and the homogeneity of Eurasian societies. UCD resolves these problems by integrating structural and contingent factors into a unified explanation: unevenness makes sense of the sociological differences that revisionists miss, while combination captures the aleatory processes of interactive and multilinear development overlooked by Eurocentric approaches. From this perspective, the article examines the sociologically generative interactions between European and Asian societies’ development over thelongue duréeand traces how the breakdown of feudalism and the rise of capitalism in Europe were fundamentally rooted in and conditioned by extra-European structures and agents. This then sets up our conjunctural analysis of a central yet underappreciated factor explaining Europe rise to global dominance: the disintegration of the Mughal Empire and Britain's colonization of India.
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Morley, David. "In a Viral Conjuncture." Cultural Politics 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-8797473.
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Abstract This article offers a conjunctural analysis of the various factors that must be taken into account to explain the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. It offers an interdisciplinary perspective on questions of how virtual and material geographies are enmeshed, paying particular attention to the continuing importance of transport infrastructures. The key concerns are with the politics of differential power over—and access to—mobility, in both its actual and virtual modalities. The COVID-19 crisis is argued to have functioned both as a mode of amplification of many preexisting forms of inequality and as a powerful solvent of the unexamined presumptions of the dominant discourse of globalization.
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Kaitajärvi-Tiekso, Juho Tuomas. "Monetizing Amateurs. Artistic Critique, New Online Record Production and Neoliberal Conjuncture." Culture Unbound 12, no. 2 (November 6, 2020): 412–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.v12i2.894.
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This article examines the “new amateur music economy” as an emerging academic discourse. This represents amateur musicians and producers—with access to new digital production and communication tools—as entrepreneurial, aspiring professionals. The article then connects the discourse with its political, economic, and social context—or the neoliberal conjuncture. From the critical standpoint of conjunctural analysis it takes note of the albeit uneven nature of this neoliberalisation when it comes to the case of “independent micro-labels” in Finland who are seen to be maintaining the artistic critique of capitalism, as outlined by Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello. While the latter suggest that this critique has been, for all intents and purposes, assimilated into capitalism; the case of Finnish micro-labels would seem to repudiate the prevailing neoliberal notions of utilitarian music-making in the new amateur music economy discourse. This being said, the article does consider that it might be necessary for them to revise aspects of their critique if they want it to remain relevant in the new digital communication environment.
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Poort, Marije Eileen, Ulrika Persson-Fischier, Helene Martinsson-Wallin, Fiona Gansauer, Cristina Demuro, Amy Van der Zee, Evelina Elf Donaldson, and Shuangqi Liu. "More or less? A conjunctural analysis of differing views on the development of cruise tourism." Studia Periegetica 36, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8058.
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This article is based on a qualitative study regarding two World Heritage Island destinations, Gotland in the Baltic Sea and Rapa Nui in the Pacific Ocean. The two islands are used as cases illustrating different views on the development of cruise tourism. By applying conjunctural analysis the authors are able to account for the broader context of cruise tourism. Different perspectives on cruise tourism are found to be embedded in both local and global contexts, which are associated with three kinds of challenges: cruise tourism is developing without the local community’s involvement in decision making, it is not aligned with the aims of local tourism and ignores local products and services. We therefore call for more involvement of the local community in the development of cruise tourism.
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Lee, Keehyeung, and Jongmyung Lee. "Relocating Conjunctural Analysis and the Varied Implications of 〈Policing the Crisis〉 : Legacies and New Challenges." Korean Journal of Communication & Information 96 (August 31, 2019): 73–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.46407/kjci.2019.08.96.73.
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Bojadžijev, Manuela. "Is there a post-racism? On David Theo Goldberg’s conjunctural analysis of the post-racial." Ethnic and Racial Studies 39, no. 13 (July 15, 2016): 2235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2016.1202433.
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Nazarova, Irina. "Conjuncture Theory of Money and Industrial Crises by M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2020, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/013001052020412.
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The article investigates the conceptual provisions of the theory of industrial crises of M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky, which marked the shift of emphasis from the analysis of exogenous factors to the in-depth study of on-farm phenomena of economic instability. Mechanisms and levels of pricing are revealed. The role of monetary instruments of market regulation and the influence of state monetary policy at the moment of transition from the “fake” recovery to the crisis are revealed. The “monetary version” of the phenomenon of the “price revolution” by M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky as a function of the transformation of the economic system is shown. The article traces the development of the views of Russian economists (at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries) on the problems of crises. The “conjunctural” theory of money of M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky is considered in the article as a logical conclusion of his theory of cyclic development of economy. The author concludes that the theory of industrial crises and the conjunctural theory of money of M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky characterize the national economy as a multi-level integrated economic system that combines micro-and macroeconomic processes.
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Villanueva, Prince Aian G. "Locating Civil Society’s Anti-Corruption Role Through Configurational Analysis: Towards A Policy and Research Agenda." HAPSc Policy Briefs Series 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.30983.
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While corruption studies abound, there is a dearth of scholarship that deals with corruption from the perspective of set relations. A configurational analysis of corruption is helpful in understanding the complexity of such phenomenon. For one, given the complex nature of corruption, democratic governments and civil society are prompted to address it via holistic and integrative anti-corruption strategies. This complexity seems to resonate with what qualitative comparative analysts hold regarding the import of contexts and with the configurational character of much of social life. From the perspective of set-theoretic, configurational analysis, in particular qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), corruption should also thus be seen as a conjunctural, equifinal, asymmetrical, and multifinal phenomenon.
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Blumi, Isa. "Looking beyond the Tribe: Abandoning Paradigms to Write Social History in Yemen During World War I." New Perspectives on Turkey 22 (2000): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600003307.
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A common error in historico-political analysis consists in an inability to find the correct relation between what is organic and what is conjunctural. This leads to presenting causes as immediately operative which in fact only operate indirectly, or to asserting that the immediate causes are the only effective ones … In the first case there is an overestimation of mechanical causes, in the second an exaggeration of the voluntarist and individual element (Gramsci 1971, p. 178).
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Huh, Taewook, and Jiyoung Hailiey Kim. "Multiple Conjunctural Impact on Digital Social Innovation: Focusing on the OECD Countries." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 4887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184887.
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This study aims to explore the influencing factors of multidisciplinary digital social innovation (DSI) in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) member countries in light of the socio-technical system transition theory. It sets up the eight variables of the four areas that comprise the DSI, and then identifies the causal conditions (arrangements) based on the empirical findings through the fuzzy-set multi-conjunctural analysis. In short, it concludes that, if OECD member countries have high level of democracy and e-participation, high GDP and business-friendly environment, high social expenditure, and high level of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) development and patent applications, they are highly likely to achieve a sufficient level of digital social innovation. This study underlines that the result of combined arrangement explains that the DSI can be more properly characterized by the multi-level and structured approach of the socio-technical system transition that goes beyond the fragmentary approach of existing innovation theories and the current related academic field. Moreover, this study reveals that the social factors (including the social capital variable) that have attracted attention from previous studies may have little effect on the DSI. In essence, it suggests that citizen interaction and social change can be newly formed through technological innovation in a multi-dimensional way, and that more in-depth discussion regarding the new context of ‘digital citizen’ might be required.
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O’Hara, P. A. "Advancing Kondratiev Wave Complexity through Bunge’s Emergence, Braudel’s History, Veblen’s Institutions and Polanyi’s Double Movement." AlterEconomics 19, no. 1 (2022): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/altereconomics/2022.19-1.4.
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Kondratiev has rightly been called the father of long wave analysis for his empirical and theoretical contributions to conjunctural analysis. Although many other economists of the former Russian Empire made contributions to the field, for decades, long wave studies remained in the background of scholarly inquiry until the capitalist crises in the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, long waves re-emerged as an exciting field of inquiry,leading to a better understanding of the dynamics of capitalism. This paper seeks to contribute to long wave research by applying some core principles of scientific realism, complexity and emergence to the analysis. In the first section,temporal, vertical and horizontal dimensions of complexity and emergence are scrutinised, following the realist scientific philosophy of Mario Bunge. The second section deals with the work of Fernand Braudel, who situated conjunctures (Kondratiev waves) and phases of evolution between events and long-term structures (the Longue Durée). The third section discusses Thorstein Veblen’s culture-institutions-habits-individuals (CIHI) nexus and Karl Polanyi’s concept of the double movement within the context of the long waves and Braudel’s work. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the realistic vertical, horizontal and temporal emergence of Kondratiev waves of capitalism from the 1790s to the 2020s. Thus, these findings can be useful for further studies in this field, making waves more historically and institutionally relevant to understanding the world and its development.
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Spencer, Nancy E. "Reading between the Lines: A Discursive Analysis of the Billie Jean King vs. Bobby Riggs “Battle of the Sexes”." Sociology of Sport Journal 17, no. 4 (December 2000): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.17.4.386.
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1998 marked the 25-year anniversary of the historic “Battle of the Sexes” between Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs. That match has been credited with enhancing the status of girls and women in sport (Frey, 1998: Hahn. 1998: Nelson, 1998). Although the match was staged during the conjunctural moment now referred to as second wave feminism, it was commemorated within the context of third wave feminism. In this paper. I revisit discourses written about the Battle of the Sexes in 1973. Although it continues to be articulated as a watershed moment in women’s sport, recent characterizations of the match reflect transformations from second to third wave feminist discourses.
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Kumekbayeva, Saule, and Meiram Baubekov. "Estimation of Performance of Clinical Separations and Quality of Medicare of Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics." Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics 1, no. 51 (2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52889/1684-9280-2020-1-51-15-19.
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The article presents an analytical report about the activity of Scientific-research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics clinic for the period of 2015-2019 years. For the analysis of the in-patient clinic statistics annual report on the work of the hospital were used (Form 30), section 3 «Bedspace and its use» and the form 14 “Report on the activities of the in-patient clinic for the period of a year”, form 17 "Report on medical and pharmaceutical shots". On top of that, there were made the analysis of conjunctural reports of heads of functional departments of clinic. Except it, the analysis of quality of providing of medicare is conducted
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Zeller, Michael C. "PATTERNS OF DEMOBILIZATION: A QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (QCA) OF FAR-RIGHT DEMONSTRATION CAMPAIGNS." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-26-3-267.
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Scholarship on social movement lifecycles has focused on mobilization processes, with relatively less attention on the ends, demobilization. The intuitive connection between origins and ends has sometimes led to a conceptualization of demobilization as simply the failure to continue mobilizing, obscuring the distinct causal processes underlying demobilization. This article adds to recent studies foregrounding demobilization by studying the negative demobilization of large, far-right, demonstration campaigns. Using a subset from this population of cases—campaigns in Germany, England, and Austria between 1990 and 2015—the article applies qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to this causally complex phenomenon. I find that demobilizing is conjunctural, with evidence of four patterns: closing opportunity, coercive state repression, civil countermobilization, and militant anti-far-right action. This article addresses an important—and conspicuously ubiquitous—population of cases, far-right demonstration campaigns and presents findings that reflect on critical issues in the study of far-right sociopolitics.
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Nazarova, Irina A. "CONTRIBUTION OF ALTERNATIVE THEORIES OF MONEY TO THE CREATION OF A MODEL OF THE MONETARY SYSTEM IN RUSSIA (LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY)." Russian Economic Journal, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-1-108-124.
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The economic and political instability of the present time in the world, being a reflection of the complex process of transition to new post-industrial technologies, increases instability in the sphere of monetary relations. The article aims to investigate the conceptual differences that contributed to the formation of alternative approaches in the theory of money at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries during the discussion of the prospects for the transition to credit circulation in extreme economic conditions. Attention is drawn to the fact that the problem of choosing a model of the monetary system, metallic or monetary, becomes the most urgent during the transformation of the economy.
The article provides a comparative analysis of the key provisions of the nominalist, quantitative, credit and conjunctural theories of money, their conceptual differences in understanding the nature, functions of banknotes and their role in price formation. The features of the conjunctural theory of money that distinguish it from the provisions of alternative concepts, market and state mechanisms for regulating money turnover are clarified. Algorithms for the formation of the general level of money prices in the conjunctural theory of money by M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky are considered. It is shown that the concept of nominalism, which expresses the interests of the state, justifies the need to use paper banknotes as the most effective financial resource of the government in emergency economic situations and the demonetization of gold.
The proposals of the leaders of the modern theory of money concerning the forced issue of "sovereign currency", weakening the national currencies of other countries, are analyzed. It is shown that the incorrect interpretation of the categories of government bonds and national currency by the leaders of the modern theory of money in comparison with the classical provisions narrows the field of scientific analysis, leads to a confusion of the concepts of state interest-bearing and interest-free domestic debt, and destabilization of the monetary and economic system as a whole.
The contribution of alternative concepts of money to the creation of a theoretical model and structure of the Russian state monetary system of the early twentieth century is shown. It is concluded that during periods of acute shortage of budgetary resources, there is a revival of the arguments of the nominalist theory of money in new economic conditions.
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Brzinsky-Fay, Christian. "The interplay of educational and labour market institutions and links to relative youth unemployment." Journal of European Social Policy 27, no. 4 (October 2017): 346–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717719198.
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Many institutional theories assume that institutions function in conjunction with each other and, therefore, constitute regimes. Moreover, when analysing institutional effects most researchers maintain a purely variable-oriented approach and its ceteris-paribus logic of causal association. This article analyses associations between configurations of labour market and education institutions and relative youth unemployment by examining 30 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The analysis reveals that no single institution constitutes a sufficient or necessary condition for relative youth unemployment. Institutions unfold their effects only in combination with other institutions, that is, they are always conjunctural. Low relative youth unemployment cannot be explained adequately. Employment protection is only associated with high relative youth unemployment if vocational specificity, standardisation and stratification is low.
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Taylor, Zac J., and Jessica L. Weinkle. "The riskscapes of re/insurance." Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 13, no. 2 (July 2020): 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaa015.
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Abstract Property catastrophe re/insurance plays a crucial yet underexplored role in the governance of disparate geographies of risk. This article extends the concept of the riskscape to the study of re/insurance in two ways. We first develop a four-part framework for understanding re/insurance markets as a series of conjoined riskscapes. Second, we apply this approach to a case study analysis of Florida’s hurricane wind re/insurance market and its restructuring after the destructive 2004/2005 hurricane seasons. Using this riskscapes framework and the Florida case, we advance a critical geographical understanding of re/insurance markets as conjunctural and open-ended political economic projects.
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Türkeş-Kılıç, Selin, and Gizem Cakmak. "Turkey and Greece as frenemies: discourse-historical approach to foreign policy repertoires of the leaders." Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos, no. 33 (December 19, 2022): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/reim2022.33.009.
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This paper analyzes Turkish-Greek relations during the contentious period of July 2019-2022, when tensions between the two countries have risen due to domestic and conjunctural factors. The study employs a Discourse Historical Approach to reveal the processes of identity construction in Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdo?an and Greece’s Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ political statements. The analysis suggests that the two leaders have developed discursive repertoires of frenemies, which represent interactive processes of logics and practices of amity and enmity between Turkey and Greece, in which they are competitive and mistrustful, but also convinced that collaboration advances their respective and often conflicting interests.
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Wolfman, Greg. "“Exfoliation, Cheese Courses, Emotional Honesty, and Paxil”." Journal of Bodies, Sexualities, and Masculinities 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jbsm.2021.020205.
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This article applies a conjunctural analysis to four US “hangout sitcoms”—Friends, How I Met Your Mother, The Big Bang Theory, and New Girl—to examine the tensions faced by masculinities in a neoliberal era. After establishing the “hangout sitcom” subgenre, I use critical discourse analysis to unpack three male subject positions. The postfeminist male singleton reacts neurotically to a perceived loss of power with a desperate search for true love. The douchebag responds with excessive performances of both masculinity and neoliberal subjectivity, while the househusband’s stable job and long-term heterosexual relationship reflect neoliberalism’s relationships with intimacy and the family. I argue that the hangout sitcom, and specifically its representation of masculinities, offers an under-explored opportunity to examine the politics of masculinities, postfeminism, and neoliberalism.
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Baubekov, Meiram, Aklima Mermukanova, Saule Kumekbayeva, and Bulat Karibdzhanov. "Implementation of the Strategic Plan of the Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics for Clinical Activities for 2018-2019." Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics 2, no. 52 (2020): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52889/1684-9280-2020-2-52-4-12.
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The article studies the clinical activity of the Scientific-research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics for the period of 2018 – 2019 years as part of the implementation of the Strategic Plan of Scientific-research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. An analysis of the hospital’s activities was carried out on the basis of statistical data of the annual report on the hospital’s work (form 30), section 3 «Bedspace and its use» and the form 14 «The report on the hospital’s activities for the year». The analysis of conjunctural reports of heads of the functional departments of Scientific-research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics was carried out. There is an improvement in the qualitative and quantitative indicators of clinical activity of Scientific-research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics.
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Choi, Jung Hong, and Ho Kyu Lee. "Comparative Analysis of newspaper editorial Frame and Conjunctural on ’Political Conflict Issues’: Focusing on the 2019 ‘Cho Kuk Crisis’." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 112–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46415/jss.2020.06.27.2.112.
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KEELER, JOHN T. S. "Opening the Window for Reform." Comparative Political Studies 25, no. 4 (January 1993): 433–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414093025004002.
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Under what conditions are governments within established democratic political systems willing and able to launch ambitious reform programs? In other words, what conjunctural factors generally serve to open the “window” for reform? The central argument of this article is that extraordinary policy-making generally becomes possible only when a macro-window is opened by a government's achievement of an impressive mandate and/or by the onset of a severe socioeconomic crisis. The mandate-reform hypothesis is tested with data from Britain, France, and the United States, then the significance of both mandates and crises is demonstrated through an analysis of eight “reform government” case studies ranging from the New Deal to Thatcher's Britain.
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Thomas, Peter, and Giuseppe Tassone. "Editorial Introduction to Vittorio Morfino." Historical Materialism 16, no. 1 (2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920608x283992.
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AbstractReading 'Capital''s promotion of the Spinozist sources of Marxism has stimulated a series of important studies in several major zones of Marxist theoretical work. A more general reassessment of Spinoza's thought in the project of a 'radical Enlightenement' provides the opportunity to consider critically the contribution of these studies to the elaboration of Marxist political theory. Vittorio Morfino, well known Italian scholar of Spinoza and Althusser, proposes to study Engels's reading of Spinoza in the context of the inheritance of classical German idealism in the Marxist theory of history. He argues that Spinoza provides resources for rethinking Marxist notions of temporality and structure. The result is a theory of conjunctural analysis, in distinction from 'normative' and 'prescriptive' perspectives.
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Miller, Byron, Kevin Ward, Ryan Burns, Victoria Fast, and Anthony Levenda. "Worlding and provincialising smart cities: From individual case studies to a global comparative research agenda." Urban Studies 58, no. 3 (January 9, 2021): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098020976086.
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The diversity of smart city case studies presented in this special issue demonstrates the need for provincialised understandings of smart cities that account for cities’ worlding strategies. Case studies drawn from North America, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia show that ‘the smart city’ takes very diverse forms, serves very diverse objectives, and is embedded in complex power geometries that vary from city to city. Case studies are a critical strategy for understanding phenomena in context, yet they present their own epistemological and ontological limitations. We argue for a more-than-Global-North smart city research agenda focused on the comparative analysis of smart cities, an agenda that foregrounds the conjunctural geographies of relationships and processes shaping these cities.
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Yu, Lin, Hanhan Xue, and Joshua I. Newman. "Sporting Shanghai: Haipai Cosmopolitanism, Glocal Cityness, and Urban Policy as Mega-Event." Sociology of Sport Journal 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2017-0203.
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In recent years, Shanghai has become one of Asia’s major players in the bidding for, and hosting of, international sporting events. Uniquely positioned by history (e.g., China’s liberalized urban node to the globalizing economy, an imbedded urban cosmopolitanism) and geopolitics (e.g., a shift toward free market domestic political economy, a growing pro-corporatist governing alliance), sporting Shanghai provides a critical site of analysis for contemporary sport-based global-localisms. In this study, we examine how local culture, global commercialism, and policy discourse intersect to “produce” the global sporting city. We conclude with a discussion of how sport in this context is manufactured not only as economic, social, and political catalyst, but also how sport policy itself represents a conjunctural city as “modernization” event.
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López, Matias, and Juan Pablo Luna. "Assessing the Risk of Democratic Reversal in the United States: A Reply to Kurt Weyland." PS: Political Science & Politics 54, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096521000329.
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ABSTRACTBy replying to Kurt Weyland’s (2020) comparative study of populism, we revisit optimistic perspectives on the health of American democracy in light of existing evidence. Relying on a set-theoretical approach, Weyland concludes that populists succeed in subverting democracy only when institutional weakness and conjunctural misfortune are observed jointly in a polity, thereby conferring on the United States immunity to democratic reversal. We challenge this conclusion on two grounds. First, we argue that the focus on institutional dynamics neglects the impact of the structural conditions in which institutions are embedded, such as inequality, racial cleavages, and changing political attitudes among the public. Second, we claim that endogeneity, coding errors, and the (mis)use of Boolean algebra raise questions about the accuracy of the analysis and its conclusions. Although we are skeptical of crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis as an adequate modeling choice, we replicate the original analysis and find that the paths toward democratic backsliding and continuity are both potentially compatible with the United States.
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Hudson, Kenneth, and Andrea Coukos. "The Dark Side of the Protestant Ethic: A Comparative Analysis of Welfare Reform." Sociological Theory 23, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2751.2005.00240.x.
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This article examines the impact of the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism on the recent welfare reform movement and the 19th-century campaign to abolish outdoor relief. Contemporary advocates of welfare reform adopted the 19th-century model of charity organization and reform as their exemplar. The welfare reform movement focused on the morals of the poor and “welfare dependence,” while the 19th-century movement attempted to eliminate the distribution of aid outside the poorhouse and to discourage “indiscriminate almsgiving”“ on the part of individuals. We argue that the Protestant ethos represents a uniquely Anglo-American variety of Calvinist Puritanism. We also show that while this ethos is a fairly constant component of American culture it has under certain conditions produced severe retrenchments in aid to the poor that is welfare reform and the abolition of outdoor relief. These conditions include the presence of a tight labor market and political mobilization by advocates of reform. Drawing on Ragin's (1987) model of conjunctural causation, we argue that both conditions must be met before such reform movements are likely to occur. We also employ the comparative method to show why alternative explanations based on economic and demographic factors are inadequate to explain the events in question.
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Piotrowski, Martin, Rob Clark, Yuying Tong, Wyatt Schmitz, and Kumiko Shibuya. "Attitudes towards Women’s Paid Labor and Children in East Asia." Comparative Sociology 18, no. 5-6 (December 11, 2019): 620–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341518.
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Abstract Using data from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) fourth module on family and changing gender roles, the authors explore cross-national differences in the prevalence of non-traditional attitudes towards women’s paid labor and children’s interference in parents’ lives in China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan. Their results show that variation in attitude configurations and their determinants differ across each setting in ways that are inconsistent with existing theoretical explanations formulated to explain both macro- and micro-level mechanisms of differences in attitudes. The authors therefore propose a paradigm shift in cross-national attitudinal research along the lines proposed by the Theory of Conjunctural Action (TCA), which recognizes the path-dependent interplay of local schematic and material elements of social structure that operate at multiple levels of analysis.
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Cupples, Julie, and Kevin Glynn. "The celebritization of indigenous activism: Tame Iti as media figure." International Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 6 (August 20, 2019): 770–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877919854179.
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In recent years, a number of indigenous activists have gained celebrity status in ways that carry interesting implications for contemporary cultural politics. This article focuses on the celebrification of Tame Iti, arguably Aotearoa/New Zealand’s best-known Māori activist, within a wider cultural context characterized by intensifying media convergence, an expanding politics of decolonization, and the continuing elaboration of global indigenous mediascapes, including the Māori Television Service. We draw on forms of conjunctural analysis to explore how wider historical forces and social dynamics come to be embodied in particular flesh and blood individuals, who are thereby constituted as resonant media figures, who operate as both objects and agents of struggle, and who at once intervene in and shape, while also being shaped by, key terrains of contemporary discourse and cultural politics.
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Wen, Wenjun, and Amanda Sonnerfeldt. "The interplay between global accounting firms and national institutional contexts: The establishment of the Big Four in China from 1978 to 2007." Accounting History 27, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10323732211058183.
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This paper provides an analysis of the establishment of global accounting firms (the ‘Big Four’) in China between 1978 and 2007. Drawing on the extant literature on professional service firms, and the work of Faulconbridge and Muzio (2015) , this paper examines how the Big Four entered China following the country's ‘Reform and Opening-up’ and evolved from tentative representative offices to established accounting firms in the Chinese audit market. Based on an extensive analysis of archival materials and interviews, the findings of this paper show that the Big Four's establishment in China has been deeply intertwined with the country's socio-political and economic transition. It reveals important conjunctural moments in history that have provided the Big Four with important windows of opportunity to actively shape local institutional change to their own interests. This paper contributes to the extant accounting literature on the expansion of the Big Four in China by highlighting the interplay between their surrounding institutional context and their capacity for agency.
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Garcés Velástegui, Pablo. "Do many roads lead to Rome? Multiple causation in monetary transfers and how to approach it." Revista Estudios de Políticas Públicas 7, Junio (June 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-6296.2018.48368.
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Monetary transfers are an increasingly widespread policy to smooth consumption and alleviate poverty. Assessments, however, suggest a mixed record. Moreover, despite their often conclusive tone, such exercises leave many relevant factors unaccounted for. This is arguably due to the assumptions regarding causality made by the methods used. Consequently, those assumptions are challenged and it is argued that monetary transfers assume multiple causality. To do so, it is emphasized that monetary transfers establish minimum goals for beneficiaries to meet and that the latter are inherently heterogeneous. This heterogeneity is displayed by individual characteristics as well as by the features of the contexts in which they live. Hence, there is diversity regarding the pathways to the achievement of policy outcomes and an adequate approach to study it is required. Qualitative Comparative Analysis, a method particularly suited for the study of multiple conjunctural causation, is argued for.
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Malacalza, Bernabé. "What LED to the Boom? Unpacking China’s Development Cooperation in Latin America." World Affairs 182, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 370–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0043820019883251.
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What led to the boom of Chinese development cooperation in Latin America? This article provides a systematic analysis of China’s foreign behavior, motives, and policies regarding development cooperation toward the region between 2000 and 2014. I propose a comparative framework that defines Chinese development cooperation as a tool of economic diplomacy. Drawing on empirical evidence from AidData’s Global Chinese Official Finance Dataset and Chinese white papers on foreign aid, the findings evidence that China was motivated by multiple and conjunctural factors in providing development cooperation. In the realm of theory, the article contributes to the literature on economic statecraft—filling in gaps in understanding the relationship between economics and politics. Empirically, it provides a set of tools for understanding the important role that development cooperation plays in a nation’s statecraft. Regarding Chinese foreign policy studies, it offers insight into the financial dimension of China’s international economic relations.
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Maerz, Seraphine F. "The Many Faces of Authoritarian Persistence: A Set-Theory Perspective on the Survival Strategies of Authoritarian Regimes." Government and Opposition 55, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.17.
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AbstractThis article examines how authoritarian regimes combine various strategies of repression, co-optation and legitimation to remain in power. The contribution of the article is two-fold. First, I conceptualize the hexagon of authoritarian persistence as a framework to explain how authoritarian regimes manage to survive. The hexagon is based on Gerschewski’s (2013) three pillars of stability but proposes some crucial modifications. In contrast to the model of the three pillars, the hexagon can grasp the causal complexity of autocratic survival because it is rooted in set theory and accounts for asymmetric causal relations, conjunctural causation and equifinality. Based on this, it illuminates how authoritarian regimes use multiple, mutually non-exclusive survival strategies. The second contribution is an empirical exploration which applies the hexagon and provides a case-oriented analysis of 62 persistent and non-persistent authoritarian regimes (1991–2010). By using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, the findings of this assessment illustrate five configurations of the hexagon – called hegemonic, performance-dependent, rigid, overcompensating and adaptive authoritarianism – as those combinations of strategies which facilitate authoritarian survival.