Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conjugated Molecules for Sensors

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Academic literature on the topic 'Conjugated Molecules for Sensors'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Conjugated Molecules for Sensors"

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Yamago, Shigeru. "New Organic Chemistry and Materials Science of Curved π-Conjugated Molecules." Impact 2020, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.4.43.

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A key molecule in a number of functional materials is the π-conjugated molecule because of the impressive range of properties, including light absorption and emission, as well as charge transportation. Often used as active components of organic electronic and photoelectronic materials and sensors, they have attracted a great deal of attention from the research community for these valuable properties that have considerable potential for commercialisation. A variety of new π-conjugated molecules have been designed and synthesised, from smaller molecules to macromolecules (polymers). Professor Shigeru Yamago, from the Institute for Chemical Research at Kyoto University, is an expert in the field of radical chemistry, and heads up a research team that has developed a new and efficient method for synthesising structurally uniform curved and hooped π-conjugated molecules. Yamago and his team are seeking to clarify how the structure of these molecules affects their physical properties and reactivities. They hope to eventually find applications for them as organoelectronic and organophotoelectronic materials, sensors and other devices in materials science.
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KOYAMA, EMIKO, HIDEO TOKUHISA, ABDELHAK BELAISSAOUI, YOSHINOBU NAGAWA, MASATOSHI KANESATO, and TAKAO ISHIDA. "CONSTRUCTION OF MOLECULAR SENSORS FOR PROTONS USING π-CONJUGATED MOLECULES." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 04 (August 2005): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003589.

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The protonation/deprotonation response of a novel bipyridine containing (phenylene-ethynylene) thiol adsorbed to a Au surface was investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM results show reversible changes in the average heights (~50 spots) and the height distribution arising from protonation/deprotonation.
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Li, Zhiliang, Rajendra Acharya, Shanshan Wang, and Kirk S. Schanze. "Photophysics and phosphate fluorescence sensing by poly(phenylene ethynylene) conjugated polyelectrolytes with branched ammonium side groups." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 14 (2018): 3722–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc05081j.

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Miao, Zongcheng, Yaqin Chu, Lei Wang, Wenqing Zhu, and Dong Wang. "Nonlinear Optical and Ion Sensor Properties of Novel Molecules Conjugated by Click Chemistry." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081516.

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The molecular structure, luminescence behavior, and electronic energy level of an organic optoelectronic materials are important parameters for its synthesis. The electro-optical properties can be changed by modifying the structure of the molecule to make the electronic energy level adjustable. In this article, a series of organic conjugated micro-molecules are successfully synthesized by linking small compound units. This metal-free [2 + 2] click chemistry process generates donor–acceptor chromophore substances with high yield, high solubility, and adjustable energy levels, which can be widely used for sensors and nonlinear optics in different fields. A-TCNE, A-TCNQ, and A-F4-TCNQ molecules are characterized comprehensively via UV-Vis-NIR spectra, 1H NMR spectra, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The unique nonlinear optical phenomena and powerful intra-molecular charge–transfer interactions of these new materials give them fascinating potential for application as optoelectronic materials.
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Lee, Yoon Ho, Moonjeong Jang, Moo Yeol Lee, O. Young Kweon, and Joon Hak Oh. "Flexible Field-Effect Transistor-Type Sensors Based on Conjugated Molecules." Chem 3, no. 5 (November 2017): 724–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2017.10.005.

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Guan, Hongliang, and Zhike He. "Determination of L-Argininamide Based on Water-Soluble Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer-Aptamer." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/682134.

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Water-soluble fluorescent conjugated polymer is a promising material which could be used as an optical platform in highly sensitive molecular sensors. In this paper, a simple label-free DNA sensor, which consisted of a poly(3-alkoxy-4-methylthiophene) and an aptamer, was used to detect L-argininamide (L-Arm). Due to the specific binding reaction between L-Arm and its aptamer, the proposed method can easily determinate the L-Arm through the recovery of fluorescence without any modification. Other ions or similar molecules had little effect on the detection. Moreover, there was a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of L-Arm. The detection limit of L-Arm was as low as 4.7 nM.
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Parr, Zachary S., and Christian B. Nielsen. "Conjugated molecules for colourimetric and fluorimetric sensing of sodium and potassium." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 8 (2020): 2370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00157k.

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Terán-Alcocer, Álvaro, Francisco Bravo-Plascencia, Carlos Cevallos-Morillo, and Alex Palma-Cando. "Electrochemical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers for the Aqueous Detection of Biologically Relevant Molecules." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010252.

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Electrochemical sensors appear as low-cost, rapid, easy to use, and in situ devices for determination of diverse analytes in a liquid solution. In that context, conducting polymers are much-explored sensor building materials because of their semiconductivity, structural versatility, multiple synthetic pathways, and stability in environmental conditions. In this state-of-the-art review, synthetic processes, morphological characterization, and nanostructure formation are analyzed for relevant literature about electrochemical sensors based on conducting polymers for the determination of molecules that (i) have a fundamental role in the human body function regulation, and (ii) are considered as water emergent pollutants. Special focus is put on the different types of micro- and nanostructures generated for the polymer itself or the combination with different materials in a composite, and how the rough morphology of the conducting polymers based electrochemical sensors affect their limit of detection. Polypyrroles, polyanilines, and polythiophenes appear as the most recurrent conducting polymers for the construction of electrochemical sensors. These conducting polymers are usually built starting from bifunctional precursor monomers resulting in linear and branched polymer structures; however, opportunities for sensitivity enhancement in electrochemical sensors have been recently reported by using conjugated microporous polymers synthesized from multifunctional monomers.
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Lai, Qin-Teng, Qi-Jun Sun, Zhenhua Tang, Xin-Gui Tang, and Xin-Hua Zhao. "Conjugated Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for Pressure Sensors." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041627.

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Flexible sensors are the essential foundations of pressure sensing, microcomputer sensing systems, and wearable devices. The flexible tactile sensor can sense stimuli by converting external forces into electrical signals. The electrical signals are transmitted to a computer processing system for analysis, realizing real-time health monitoring and human motion detection. According to the working mechanism, tactile sensors are mainly divided into four types—piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric tactile sensors. Conventional silicon-based tactile sensors are often inadequate for flexible electronics due to their limited mechanical flexibility. In comparison, polymeric nanocomposites are flexible and stretchable, which makes them excellent candidates for flexible and wearable tactile sensors. Among the promising polymers, conjugated polymers (CPs), due to their unique chemical structures and electronic properties that contribute to their high electrical and mechanical conductivity, show great potential for flexible sensors and wearable devices. In this paper, we first introduce the parameters of pressure sensors. Then, we describe the operating principles of resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric sensors, and review the pressure sensors based on conjugated polymer nanocomposites that were reported in recent years. After that, we introduce the performance characteristics of flexible sensors, regarding their applications in healthcare, human motion monitoring, electronic skin, wearable devices, and artificial intelligence. In addition, we summarize and compare the performances of conjugated polymer nanocomposite-based pressure sensors that were reported in recent years. Finally, we summarize the challenges and future directions of conjugated polymer nanocomposite-based sensors.
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Yuan, MingJian, YongJun Li, HuiBiao Liu, and YuLiang Li. "Chemical sensors based on π-conjugated organic molecules and gold nanoparticles." Science in China Series B: Chemistry 52, no. 6 (May 20, 2009): 715–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11426-009-0129-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conjugated Molecules for Sensors"

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Zucchero, Anthony Joseph. "Cruciform pi-systems: novel two-dimensional cross-conjugated chromophores possessing spatially separated frontier molecular orbitals." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37206.

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The design of chromophores targets materials with optoelectronic properties necessary for advanced applications. Organic materials possess properties which emerge from the collective impact of the constituent backbone and substituents as well as their connectivity (i.e. molecular architecture), necessitating the exploration of novel conjugated architectures. This thesis chronicles our examination of 1,4-distyryl-2,5-bis(arylethynyl)benzenes (cruciforms, XFs). Electronic substitution of this 'X-shaped' cross-conjugated scaffold tunes both the energy levels and the spatial distribution of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) in XFs. The resulting fluorophores exhibit FMO separation, imbuing XFs with desirable properties for sensory applications. Using model analytes, we examine how the underlying FMO arrangement and the nature of analyte interaction elicit observable responses. These studies provide a foundation for future access of functional responsive ratiometric cores. This case study demonstrates the importance and unique potential of FMO-separated fluorophores.
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Davey, Evan Andrew. "Development of advanced cross conjugated systems and applications in ratiometric sensing: altering the electronic properties of cruciforms and poly(para-phenyleneethynylene)s to elicit differing reactivity and response." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49008.

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This research serves as a meticulous examination into cross-conjugated materials and how alterations of the frontier molecular orbitals can be utilized for applications in "chemical tongue" organic sensing devices. With conjugated materials being used in the development of new sensory devices for detection of metals, bacteria, and chemical warfare agents, the field of organic sensing is growing faster than ever. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide a precedence for the synthesis of new cross-conjugated compounds and outline potential applications of these materials as chemical sensors and molecular probes.
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O'Connor, M. P. "Electronic properties of conjugated molecules." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379188.

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Samori, Paolo. "Self-assembly of conjugated (macro)molecules." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14604.

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In dieser Dissertation wird die Selbstorganisation von pi-konjugierten (makro)molekularen Architekturen durch Chemisorption oder Physisorption in hochgeordnete supramolekulare nanoskopische und mikroskopische Strukturen auf festen Trägern untersucht. Ihre Struktur und Dynamik wurden auf molekularer Skala hauptsächlich mit Rastersondenmikroskopien, insbesondere mit Rastertunnel- und Rasterkraftmikroskopie, untersucht. Dies erlaubte die Charakterisierung einer Reihe von Phänomenen, die sowohl an Fest-Flüssig-Grenzflächen auftreten, wie beispielsweise die Dynamik der einzelnen molekularen Nanostäbchen (Ostwald Reifung) und die Fraktionierung steifer Polymerstäbchen durch Physisorption an der Grafitoberfläche aus der Lösung heraus, als auch in trockenen Filmen vorkommen wie die Selbstorganisation steifer Polymerstäbchen zu Nanobändern mit molekularen Querschnitten, die sich epitaktisch auf Oberflächen orientieren lassen und auch die Ausbildung gestapelter Architekturen von diskförmigen Molekülen. Außerdem wurden die elektronischen Eigenschaften der untersuchten Systeme mit Hilfe von Photoelektronenspektroskopie charakterisiert. Die entwickelten Nanostrukturen sind nicht nur für Nanokonstruktionen auf festen Oberflächen von Interesse, sondern besitzen auch Eigenschaften, die sie für Anwendungen in einer zukünftigen molekularen Elektronik prädestiniert, etwa für den Aufbau molekularer Drähte.
In this thesis the self-assembly of pi-conjugated (macro)molecular architectures, either through chemisorption or via physisorption, into highly ordered supramolecular nanoscopic and microscopic structures has been studied. On solid substrates structure and dynamics has been investigated on the molecular scale making use primarily of Scanning Probe Microscopies, in particular Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Scanning Force Microscopy. This allowed to characterize a variety of phenomena occurring both at the solid-liquid interface, such as the dynamics of the single molecular nanorods (known as Ostwald ripening), the fractionation of a solution of rigid-rod polymers upon physisorption on graphite; and in dry films, i.e. the self-assembly of rigid-rod polymers into nanoribbons with molecular cross sections which can be epitaxially oriented at surfaces and the formation ordered layered architectures of disc-like molecules. In addition the electronic properties of the investigated moieties have been studied by means of Photoelectron Spectroscopies. The nanostructures that have been developed are not only of interest for nanoconstructions on solid surfaces, but also exhibit properties that render them candidates for applications in the field of molecular electronics, in particular for building molecular nanowire devices.
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Winfield, Jessica Mary. "Spectroscopy of conjugated polymers and small molecules." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611577.

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Wildman, Jack. "Molecular dynamics simulations of conjugated semiconducting molecules." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3261.

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In this thesis, we present a study of conformational disorder in conjugated molecules focussed primarily on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. Along with quantum chemical approaches, we develop and utilise MD simulation methods to study the conformational dynamics of polyfluorenes and polythiophenes and the role of conformational disorder on the optical absorption behaviour observed in these molecules. We first report a classical force-field parameterisation scheme for conjugated molecules which defines a density functional theory method of accuracy comparable to high-order ab-initio calculations. In doing so, we illustrate the role of increasing conjugated backbone and alkyl side-chain length on inter-monomer dihedral angle potentials and atomic partial charge distributions. The scheme we develop forms a minimal route to conjugated force-field parameterisation without substantial loss of accuracy. We then present a validation of our force-field parameterisation scheme based on self-consistent measures, such as dihedral angle distributions, and experimental measures, such as persistence lengths, obtained from MD simulations. We have subsequently utilised MD simulations to investigate the interplay of solvent and increasing side-chain lengths, the emergence of conjugation breaks, and the wormlike chain nature of conjugated oligomers. By utilising MD simulation geometries as input for quantum chemical calculations, we have investigated the role of conformational disorder on absorption spectral broadening and the formation of localised excitations. We conclude that conformational broadening is effectively independent of backbone length due to a reduction in the effect of individual dihedral angles with increasing length and also show that excitation localisation occurs as a result of large dihedral angles and molecular asymmetry.
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Jäckel, Frank. "Self-Assembly and Electronic Properties of Conjugated Molecules." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15267.

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Die Verwendung einzelner Moleküle als aktive Elemente elektronischer Bauteile wird derzeit als potentielle Alternative zur halbleiterbasierten Nanoelektronik angesehen, da einzelne Moleküle a priori nur einige Nanometer groß sind. Auß erdem kann dabei eventuell eine vereinfachte Verarbeitung und Herstellung der Bauteile erreicht werden. In dieser Arbeit werden das Selbstaggregationsverhalten und die Elektrontransporteigenschaften konjugierter Moleküle mit Rastertunnelmikroskopie (RTM) und -spektroskopie (RTS) an einer Fest-Flüssig-Grenzfläche und unter Ultrahochvakuumbedingungen bei tiefen Temperaturen untersucht. Ihre mögliche Verwendung in hybrid-molekularen Bauteilen als auch Ansätze für eine mono-molekulare Elektronik werden erkundet. Insbesondere wird die Nano-Phasenseparation von Elektron-Donor-Akzeptor-Multiaden an der Fest-Flüssig-Grenzfläche demonstriert, die zur Integration verschiedener elektronischer Funktionen auf der Nanoskala benutzt werden kann. Desweiteren wird die Abhängigkeit der elektronischen Kopplung scheibenförmiger gestapelter Moleküle vom lateralen Versatz innerhalb des Stapels experimentell nachgewiesen. Dies eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten die elektronischen Eigenschaften solcher dreidimensionaler Architekturen gezielt zu beeinflussen. Außerdem werden die ersten RTM/RTS-Untersuchungen von Ladungstransferprozessen in einzelnen organischer Donor-Akzeptor-Komplexe präsentiert. Schließlich werden die Ladungstransferkomplexe mit dem Ansatz der Nano-Phasenseparation kombiniert, um den ersten Einzelmolekültransistor mit intergrierten Nanogates zu realisieren. In diesem prototypischen Bauteil wird die Strom-Spannungs-Kennlinie einer hybrid-molekularen Diode, die aus einem Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronen (HBC) im Tunnelspalt eines RTMs besteht, durch einen kovalent an das HBC gebundenen Ladungstransferkomplex modifiziert. Dies wird als wichtiger Schritt in Richtung einer mono-molekularen Elektronik angesehen.
The use of single molecules as active components in electronic devices is presently considered a potential alternative to semiconductor-based nano-scale electronics since it directly provides precisely-defined nano-scale components for electronic devices which eventually allows for simple processing and devicefabrication. In this thesis the self-assembly and electron transport properties of conjugated molecules are investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) at solid-liquid interfaces and under ultrahigh vacuum conditions and low temperatures. The use of the molecules in hybrid-molecular electronic devices and potential approaches to a mono-molecular electronics are explored. In particular, electron-donor-acceptor-multiads are shown to exhibit a nano-phase-segregation at the solid-liquid interface which allows for the integration of different electronic functions at the nano-scale. Furthermore, the dependence of the electronic coupling of stacked disk-like molecules on the lateral off-set in the stack is demonstrated experimentally which offers new possibilities for the control of the electronic properties of these three-dimensional architectures. In addition the first STM/STS experiments on charge transfer in single organic donor-acceptor complexes are presented. Finally, charge transfer complexes are combined with the approach of nano-phase-segregation to realize the first single-molecule transistor with integrated nanometer-sized gates. In this prototypical device the current through a hybrid-molecular diode made from a hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) in the junction of the STM is modified by charge transfer complexes covalently attached to the HBC in the gap. Since the donor which complexes the covalently attached acceptor comes from the ambient fluid the set-up represents a single-molecule chemical field-effect transistor with nanometer-sized gates. This is considered a major step towards mono-molecular electronics.
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Vogel, Jörn-Oliver. "Co-deposited films of rod-like conjugated molecules." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15978.

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In dieser Arbeit wird die Phasenseparation und Mischung zwischen konjugierten Stäb-chenmolekülen in dünnen Filmen untersucht. Hauptaugenmerk liegt darauf zu ergrün-den welche molekularen Eigenschaften zu Mischung und/ oder Phasenseparation füh-ren. Mit den 5 Molekülen Pentacen (PEN), Quaterthiophen (4T), Sexithiophen (6T), p-Sexiphenylen (6P), alpha,omega-Dihexylsexithiophen (DH6T) werden Materialpaare zusammen gestellt, die sich in den Parametern „optische und elektrische Eigenschaf-ten“, „Länge des konjugierten Kerns“ und Alkylkettensubstitution unterscheiden. Alle Schichten werden mittels organischer Molekularstrahlabscheidung auf die Substrate Siliziumoxid und Mylar, einer PET Folie, simultan von zwei Quellen aufgedampft. Das Mischungsverhältnis wird mittels der individuellen Aufdampfraten eingestellt und eine Gesamtrate von 0.5 nm/min eingehalten. Es wird Phasenseparation für Materialpaare mit ungleicher konjugierter Kernlänge, z.B. [4T/6T], beobachtet. Erstaunlicherweise führt die Co-Verdampfung von Molekülpaaren mit ähnlicher konjugierter Kernlänge [4T/PEN] und [6T/6P] zu wohlgeordneten Fil-men, in denen die Moleküle in gemischten Lagen parallel zur Substratoberfläche auf-wachsen und die Längsachse der Moleküle fast senkrecht zur Substratoberfläche orien-tiert ist. Molekülpaare mit ähnlicher konjugierter Kernlänge und Alkylsubstitution [6T/DH6T] und [6P/DH6T] zeigten ebenfalls geordneten Schichten, wobei als Besonderheit eine lineare Abhängigkeit des Lagenabstandes vom DH6T-Gehalt zu beobachten ist. Dies wird mit einer Phasenseparation in eine aromatische und eine alkyl Domäne erklärt. Mit abnehmendem DH6T-Gehalt im Film ist die Alkyldomäne weniger dicht gepackt, was auf Grund der Flexibilität der Alkylketten zu einer Abnahme des gesamten Lagenab-standes führt. Die besonders geringe Oberflächenrauhigkeit und die miteinander verbundenen Inseln der [DH6T/6T] Filme prädestinieren sie zur Verwendung in Feldeffekttransistoren. Es wird gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, die Ladungsträgerdichte im Kanal durch Änderung des Verhältnisses zwischen DH6T und 6T so zu verändern, dass der Transistor im Verar-mungs- oder Anreicherungsregime betrieben werden kann. Dabei bleibt die Ladungsträ-germobilität auf gleich bleibend hohem Niveau. Dies entspricht dem Dotieren eines anorganischen Halbleiters.
This thesis is centered on studies of phase separation and mixing in co-deposited thin films of rod-like conjugated molecules. The main focus is to determine which molecular properties lead to phase separation and/or mixing of two materials. To address this question I used five materials, of importance in the context of “organic electronics”: pentacene (PEN), quaterthiophene (4T), sexithiophene (6T), p-sexiphenylene (6P), alpha,omega-dihexylsexithiophene (DH6T). With these it was possible to form material pairs which differ in the parameters: energy levels, length of the conjugated core, and alkyl-end-chain-substitution. All films were deposited by organic molecular beam deposition onto the chemically inert substrates silicon oxide and Mylar, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil. The material pairs were deposited simultaneously from two thermal sublima-tion sources. The mixing ratio was controlled by the individual deposition rates, which were measured online by a microbalance. The total deposition rate was 0.5 nm/min, and the film thicknesses ranged from 4 nm to 40 nm. Phase separation is observed for material pairs with dissimilar conjugated core sizes, i.e. [4T/6T]. Noteworthy, the co-deposition of material pairs with similarly sized conju-gated cores [4T/PEN] and [6T/6P] lead to well ordered layered structures. The mole-cules show mixing within layers on a molecular scale and the long molecular axis is ori-ented almost perpendicular to the substrate surface. Material pairs with similarly sized conjugated core and alkyl-end-chain-substitution [6T/DH6T] and [6P/DH6T] show also growth in mixed layered structures. An especially appealing fact is that the interlayer distance increases proportional to the DH6T content in the film. This can be explained with a phase separation into an aromatic and an alkyl domain vertically to the substrate surface. A decrease of the DH6T content in the film leads to a less dense packing in the alkyl domain. This leads, due to the flexibility of the alkyl chains, to a decrease of the overall interlayer distance. The low surface corrugation and the interconnected islands render the material pair [6T/DH6T] well suitable for the use as active layer in organic field effect transistors. It is shown that it is possible to tune the charge carrier density in the channel by changing the ratio between 6T and DH6T. This effect enables switching the transistor from en-hancement to depletion mode, while maintaining a high charge carrier mobility. This is comparable to p-type doping of inorganic semiconductors.
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Samorí, Paolo. "Self-assembly of conjugated (macro)molecules nanostructures for molecular electronics /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962281530.

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Wright, Helen. "Fused ring conjugated polymers and small molecules for organic-semiconductors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542784.

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Fused ring structures such as cyclopentadithiophenes (CPDT), fluorenes and dithienopyrroles have been shown to have low band gaps and extended conjugation lengths. Both of these properties make them interesting materials for organic semiconductor applications. It has been shown that increasing the planarity of building blocks, and in turn the polymer or molecule they are contained within, can improve charge transport by increasing π-π stacking. While the homo-polymers of dithienopyrrole, and alkene bridged CPDT and fluorene have low band gaps, it is possible to further reduce them by forming co-polymers, either by combination with an acceptor unit or by increasing the planarity of the polymer. Three families of small molecules and corresponding co-polymers were therefore synthesised using three main building blocks - alkene bridged CPDT, alkylidene fluorene and dithienopyrrole - combined with a series of co-monomers. In the cases of CPDT and dithienopyrrole two different alkyl chains were used with the aim of influencing solubility and solid-state packing. The optical and electrochemical properties were studied and trends determined. In addition physical and thermal properties were studied and for several of the small molecules, crystal structures and theoretical structures were also evaluated to probe intermolecular interactions in the solid state.During the synthesis of one alkylidene fluorene small molecule an unexpected impurity was isolated in which the bridging alkene of the fluorene had rearranged. Possible reasons for the formation were investigated and the properties of the compound studied.Several small molecules and one co-polymer were incorporated into preliminary OFET devices, although performance was limited by poor film formation. Film forming studies were also undertaken on the co-polymer.
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Books on the topic "Conjugated Molecules for Sensors"

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Pietila, Lars-Olof. Molecular mechanics and force field studies of weakly coupled conjugated molecules and molecular crystals. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1988.

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Johnston, A. G. The design and synthesis of molecular receptors as chemical sensors for small molecules. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Eland, John H. D., and Raimund Feifel. Conjugated and aromatic molecules. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788980.003.0006.

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In the vast majority of conjugated and aromatic molecules, the outermost occupied orbitals are either of π‎ character or non-bonding lone pairs belonging to heteroatoms. These are the orbitals from which double ionisation gives rise to most of the distinct bands that can be discerned in their spectra. Double photoionisation spectra of ethylene, butadiene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, benzene, hexafluorobenzene, toluene, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, naphthalene, azulene, quinoline, biphenyl, TDME, iron pentacarbonyl, ferrocene, and TMPPD are presented with analysis where possible. The effects of inner valence Auger effects are also emphasised, which can greatly increase the intensity of double photoionisation. In this chapter, the molecules are ordered mainly in the usual way by number of atoms, then by molecular weight, but the authors have put closely related molecules together where possible.
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Daudel, Raymond. Electronic Structure of Molecules: Diatomic Molecules, Small Molecules, Saturated Hydrocarbons, Conjugated Molecules, Molecules of Biochemical Interest. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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Chen, Pengle, and Bin Wu, eds. Functional Supramolecular Nanoassemblies of Π-Conjugated Molecules. Frontiers Media SA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88963-360-9.

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Graovac, A., I. Gotman, and N. Trinajstic. Topological Approach to the Chemistry of Conjugated Molecules. Springer, 2012.

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Mori, Kensaku. Olfactory System: From Odor Molecules to Motivational Behaviors. Springer London, Limited, 2014.

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Mori, Kensaku. The Olfactory System: From Odor Molecules to Motivational Behaviors. Springer, 2014.

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Mori, Kensaku. The Olfactory System: From Odor Molecules to Motivational Behaviors. Springer, 2016.

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Marino, Ana. Dynamic modification of graphite surfaces with surfactants for electrochemical detection of biological molecules. 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conjugated Molecules for Sensors"

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Gutman, Ivan, and Oskar E. Polansky. "Thermodynamic Stability of Conjugated Molecules." In Mathematical Concepts in Organic Chemistry, 135–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70982-1_13.

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Delysse, S., J. M. Nunzi, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar. "Nonlinear Spectroscopy in Conjugated Molecules." In Electrical and Related Properties of Organic Solids, 339–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5790-2_20.

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Yergey, Alfred L., Charles G. Edmonds, Ivor A. S. Lewis, and Marvin L. Vestal. "LC/MS of Conjugated Molecules." In Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, 127–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3605-9_7.

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Kar, Pradip, Arup Choudhury, and Sushil Kumar Verma. "Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites-Based Chemical Sensors." In Fundamentals of Conjugated Polymer Blends, Copolymers and Composites, 619–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119137160.ch12.

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Swager, Timothy M. "New Approaches to Sensory Materials: Molecular Recognition in Conjugated Polymers." In Chemosensors of Ion and Molecule Recognition, 133–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3973-1_10.

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Akaike, Kouki, and Kaname Kanai. "Solar Cell Applications of π-Conjugated Molecules." In Physics and Chemistry of Carbon-Based Materials, 293–332. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3417-7_10.

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Sixl, H. "Electronic Structures of Conjugated Polydiacetylene Oligomer Molecules." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 240–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82569-9_43.

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Lesk, Arthur M. "Molecular Orbital Theory of Planar Conjugated Molecules." In Introduction to Symmetry and Group Theory for Chemists, 103–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2151-8_11.

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Levine, Mindy, and Timothy M. Swager. "Conjugated Polymer Sensors: Design, Principles, and Biological Applications." In Functional Supramolecular Architectures, 79–134. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH Verlag & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527689897.ch04.

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Thapa, Yub N., Bhim P. Kafle, and Rameshwar Adhikari. "Properties and Applications of Conjugated Polymers for Flexible Electronics: Current Trends and Perspectives." In Flexible and Wearable Sensors, 97–114. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299455-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conjugated Molecules for Sensors"

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Tay, Li-Lin, Ping-Ji Huang, and Lai-Kwan Chau. "Plasmonic Sensors for Pathogen Detection." In Applied Industrial Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ais.2022.jm2e.5.

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Plasmonic surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes were synthesized with different Raman reporter molecules and conjugated with pathogen specific antibodies to provide a rapid screening platform for the detection of pathogenic bacterium, S. aureus and S. Typhimurium.
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Phan, Hung, Thomas Kelly, Hieu Huynh, An Nguyen, Andriy Zhugayevych, Sergei Tretiak, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, and Emily Jarvis. "Tuning optical properties of conjugated molecules by Lewis acids: Insights from electronic structure modeling and machine learning." In Organic and Hybrid Sensors and Bioelectronics XIV, edited by Ruth Shinar, Ioannis Kymissis, and Emil J. List-Kratochvil. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2594321.

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Chen, Liaohai, Duncan W. McBranch, and David G. Whitten. "Superquenching behavior between a conjugated polymer and molecular quenchers and its application in biological/chemical sensors." In Photonics East '99, edited by Mahmoud Fallahi and Basil I. Swanson. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.372927.

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LERICHE, P., A. LELIÈGE, E. RIPAUD, V. JEUX, D. DEMETER, P. BLANCHARD, and J. RONCALI. "PHOTOVOLTAICS BASED ON SMALL CONJUGATED MOLECULES." In Proceedings of International Conference Nanomeeting – 2013. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814460187_0115.

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Kotkov, Sergei Y., Victor N. Zadkov, Boris A. Grishanin, Valentin D. Vachev, and John H. Frederick. "Ultrafast dynamics of surface-adsorbed conjugated molecules." In SPIE's 1995 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Janice M. Hicks, Wilson Ho, and Hai-Lung Dai. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.221484.

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Kubo, Takashi, Mitsuya Aoba, Akihiro Shimizu, Yasukazu Hirao, Kozo Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Kurata, and Masayoshi Nakano. "Singlet open-shell character of conjugated Kekulé molecules." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2009: (ICCMSE 2009). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4771836.

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Vleugels, Rick, Ward Brullot, and Thierry Verbiest. "Giant faraday rotation in conjugated, rod-like molecules." In SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics, edited by Joy E. Haley, Jon A. Schuller, Manfred Eich, and Jean-Michel Nunzi. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2235685.

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SPANO, F. C., and S. SIDDIQUI. "EXCITONS IN PINWHEEL AGGREGATES OF π-CONJUGATED MOLECULES." In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Symposium of the NSF Center. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793294_0006.

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Aktas, Bengu, Lokman Uzun, Deniz Hur, and Bora Garipcan. "Amino acid conjugated self assembly molecules modified Si wafers." In 2014 18th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting (BIYOMUT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biyomut.2014.7026352.

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Wang, Hong X., Akira Takahashi, M. Hartmann, and Shaul Mukamel. "Quantum confinement and nonlinear optical response of conjugated molecules." In OE/LASE'93: Optics, Electro-Optics, & Laser Applications in Science& Engineering, edited by Shahab Etemad. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.148452.

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Reports on the topic "Conjugated Molecules for Sensors"

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Hughes, R. C. A progress report on the LDRD project entitled {open_quotes}Microelectronic silicon-based chemical sensors: Ultradetection of high value molecules{close_quotes}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/393330.

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Spiegel, Yitzhak, Michael McClure, Itzhak Kahane, and B. M. Zuckerman. Characterization of the Phytophagous Nematode Surface Coat to Provide New Strategies for Biocontrol. United States Department of Agriculture, November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613015.bard.

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Chemical composition and biological role of the surface coat (SC) of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are described. SC proteins of M. incognita race 3 infective juveniles (J2) were characterized by electrophoresis and western blotting of extracts from radioiodine and biotin-labelled nematodes. J2 labelled with radioiodine and biotin released 125I and biotin-labelled molecules into water after 20 hours incubation, indicating that SC proteins may be loosely attached to the nematode. Antiserum to the principal protein reacted with the surface of live J2 and with surface proteins previously separated by electrophoresis. Human red blood cells (HRBC) adhered to J2 of several tylenchid nematodes over the entire nematode body. HRBC adhered also to nylon fibers coated with SC extracted from M. javanica J2; binding was Ca++/Mg++ dependent, and decreased when the nylon fibers were coated with bovine serum albumin, or pre-incubated with fucose and mannose. These experiments support a working hypothesis that RBC adhesion involves carbohydrate moieties of HRBC and carbohydrate-recognition domain(s) (CRD) distributed on the nematode surface. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a surface CRD i the phylum Nematoda. Gold-conjugated lectins and neoglycoproteins combined with silver enhancement have been used for the detection of carbohydrates and CRD, respectively, on the SC of M. javanica J2. Biotin reagents were used to trace surface proteins, specifically, on live J2. The labile and transitory nature of the SC was demonstrated by the dynamics of HRBC adherence to detergent-treated J2, J2 at different ages or fresh-hatched J2 held at various temperatures. SC recovery was demonstrated also by a SDS-PAGE profile. Monoclonal antibodies developed to a cuticular protein of M. incognita J2 gave a slight, but significant reduction in attachment of Pasteuria penetrans spores. Spore attachment as affected by several enzymes was inconsistent: alcian blue, which specifically blocks sulfyl groups, had no afffect on spore attachment. Treatment with cationized ferritin alone or catonized ferritin following monoclonal antibody caused significant decreases in spore attachment. Those results suggest a role in attachment by negatively charged groups.
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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.

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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.
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