Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conjugate addition

Academic literature on the topic 'Conjugate addition'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Conjugate addition"

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Germain, Nicolas, Doriane Schlaefli, Mathieu Chellat, Stéphane Rosset, and Alexandre Alexakis. "Domino Asymmetric Conjugate Addition–Conjugate Addition." Organic Letters 16, no. 7 (March 24, 2014): 2006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol5005752.

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Germain, Nicolas, Doriane Schlaefli, Mathieu Chellat, Stephane Rosset, and Alexandre Alexakis. "ChemInform Abstract: Domino Asymmetric Conjugate Addition-Conjugate Addition." ChemInform 45, no. 39 (September 11, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201439034.

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Rossiter, Bryant E., and Nicole M. Swingle. "Asymmetric conjugate addition." Chemical Reviews 92, no. 5 (July 1992): 771–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr00013a002.

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Kim, S., M. Sibi, S. Lee, C. Lim, R. Subramaniam, and J. Zimmerman. "Enantioselective Conjugate Radical Addition." Synfacts 2006, no. 12 (December 2006): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-949491.

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MacMillan, D., Y. Chen, and M. Yoshida. "Enantioselective Amine Conjugate Addition." Synfacts 2006, no. 9 (September 2006): 0949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-949225.

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Yang, Xinbin, Xiaolin Qin, Qin Wang, and Yu Huang. "Synthesis and antitumor activities of piperazine- and cyclen-conjugated dehydroabietylamine derivatives." Heterocyclic Communications 21, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hc-2015-0025.

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AbstractA series of piperazine- and cyclen-conjugated dehydroabietylamine derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The in vitro antitumor activities of conjugates 10–13 against MCF-7 and HepG-2 tumor cell lines were evaluated using CCK-8 assay. The results show that the synthesized compounds cause a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and display different antitumor activities with the IC50 values ranging from 23.56 to 78.92 μm. Moreover, the antitumor activity of conjugate 10 against the MCF-7 cell line is superior to that of the positive control 5-fluorouracil. In addition, flow cytometric assay revealed that the representative conjugate 10 could induce apoptosis in MCF-7 tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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Phelan, James P., and Jonathan A. Ellman. "Conjugate addition–enantioselective protonation reactions." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (June 15, 2016): 1203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.116.

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The addition of nucleophiles to electron-deficient alkenes represents one of the more general and commonly used strategies for the convergent assembly of more complex structures from simple precursors. In this review the addition of diverse protic and organometallic nucleophiles to electron-deficient alkenes followed by enantioselective protonation is summarized. Reactions are first categorized by the type of electron-deficient alkene and then are further classified according to whether catalysis is achieved with chiral Lewis acids, organocatalysts, or transition metals.
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Chen, Young K., Masanori Yoshida, and David W. C. MacMillan. "Enantioselective Organocatalytic Amine Conjugate Addition." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 29 (July 2006): 9328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja063267s.

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Fukuzawa, S. I., S. Kikuchi, and H. Sato. "Asymmetric Conjugate Addition ofO-Benzylhydroxylamine." Synfacts 2006, no. 7 (June 2006): 0696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-941920.

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Brooks, Joshua L., Patrick A. Caruana, and Alison J. Frontier. "Conjugate Addition-Initiated Nazarov Cyclization." Journal of the American Chemical Society 133, no. 32 (August 17, 2011): 12454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja205440x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conjugate addition"

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Bentley, Scott Alexander. "Asymmetric conjugate addition reactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9e619a66-6277-48c2-8a2e-24f8206e52b3.

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This thesis is concerned with the asymmetric conjugate addition reactions of a range of chiral nucloeophiles. Chapter 1 introduces the conjugate addition reaction as a valuable carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reaction in organic chemistry, and explores the asymmet- ric conjugate addition of a range of chiral and achiral carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles to a range of acceptors. Chapter 2 explores the use of the N-benzyl-N-(α-methylbenzyl)amino group as a chi- ral auxiliary, by employing the attempted conjugate additions of both N-benzyl-N-(α- methylbenzyl)hydrazine and N -benzyl-N -(α-methylbenzyl)hydroxylamine as chiral ammo- nia and water equivalents respectively. Chapter 3 describes the asymmetric and stereoselective preparation of a range of 4,4- disubstituted isoxazolidin-5-ones from the conjugate addition of lithium (S)-N-tert-butyl- dimethylsilyloxy-N -(α-methylbenzyl)amide. The isoxazolidin-5-ones are then globally de- protected via hydrogenolysis, giving rise to the corresponding β2,2,3-amino acids. Chapter 4 focuses on the development of a protocol to effect the conjugate addition of a chiral aniline equivalent. The scope of the reaction is delineated by varying both the nu- cleophile and the α,β-unsaturated ester. Finally, cyclisation of the β-N-arylamino esters to the corresponding tetrahydroquinolines is explored, and an application to the synthesis of the natural product (−)-angustureine is presented. Chapter 5 contains full experimental procedures and characterisation data for all com- pounds synthesised in Chapters 2, 3 and 4.
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Convine, Nicola Jane. "Stereoselective conjugate addition of cyanide." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424510.

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Albrow, Victoria Elizabeth. "Ferrocenyl ligands for asymmetric conjugate addition." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436818.

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Fraser, Paul Kenneth. "New methodology for asymmetric conjugate addition." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416268.

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Vries, Andreas Hendrikus Maria de. "Catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of organometallic reagents." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1996. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/152408681.

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Sian, Sudipinder K. "Nickel catalysis of asymmetric conjugate addition reactions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682190.

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The potential for inducing chirality upon 1,4-conjugate addition to alpha/beta unsaturated carbonyls has captivated the interest of many chemists for over 20 years. Metals such as copper, cobalt and nickel have been used as the catalytically active metal centres in these enantioselective reactions. The work presented in this thesis describes the development of a new nickel catalysed system, the attempts at employing it on a range of substrates and ultimately making the chemistry stereoselective. The Introduction reviews metal-mediated syntheses popularly used in organic reactions. Emphasis is put on the development of the conjugate addition reaction. The use of various organocopper reagents, either in stoichiometric or catalytic amounts, in these reactions is described. The impact of organozinc reagents in this field of chemistry is discussed, and its application in the recent, successful advances in this area. In order to investigate the scope of nickel catalysed reactions, initial studies covered the extent of the applicability of the catalyst on a range of substrates, both from commercial sources and some prepared in-house. The Results and Discussion describes the attempts at inducing enantioselectivity. Due to limitations in the compatibility between the catalyst and the chiral ligands, a new pre-catalyst, nickel tert-butoxide, was prepared. Preliminary results of using this catalyst for the first time in conjugate addition reactions are documented. One example of a reduction of an allylic acetate has also been discovered. Attempts at reduction on other allylic acetates were undertaken. The endeavours at designing a new, chiral catalytic system with this catalyst are discussed, with the emphasis on employing hydroxyphosphine ligands. Difficulties in controlling the oxidation state of phosphine in their syntheses preceded the screening of a number of ligands with the catalyst. Although low enantioselectivities were recorded, in some cases, there was acceleration in rates of reaction and the catalyst was found to tolerate a range of ligands possessing a variety of functionalities. In, summary, a new nickel(II) catalyst has been identified which may be active in carbon-hydrogen and a number of carbon-carbon bond forming reactions. Finally, the Experimental section is a collection of experiments and related data carried out during the project.
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Penrose, Stephen David. "Recent advances in rhodium-catalysed conjugate addition reactions." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492243.

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The research presented herein is concerned with the exploration of rhodium-catalysed addition reactions with organoboranes encompassing the 1,4-addition enolate protonation to benzyl acrylate esters, and the synthesis of chiral organoboranes for use in the synthesis of natural products Hermitamides A and B. Chapter 1 introduces the area of rhodium-catalysed conjugate addition as a tool for asymmetric synthesis. An extensive discussion of this methodology is included and recent advances in the area will be highlighted. In addition to this some recently published alternatives to organoboranes are outlined and their use in rhodium-catalysed chemistry documented. Chapter 2 discusses the tandem process of rhodium-catalysed conjugate addition enolate protonation, a recently observed asymmetric development. By using a novel route to benzyl acrylic esters the synthesis of α,α′-dibenzyl esters is achieved in excellent yields and selectivity. This study highlights the fact that when dealing with 1,1-disubstituted activated alkenes it is more difficult to produce enantioselective results as the chirality is determined in the protonation step and not during insertion. Some insights into the mechanism are proposed based on the outcomes observed. Chapter 3 describes the total synthesis of Lyngbic Acid and related structures Hermitamides A and B. Synthesis of these natural products are achieved by synthesis of an enantiopure organoborane species and its subsequent coupling via rhodium catalysis. Some interesting insights into the addition of alkenyl organoborane species to unsubstituted 1,1-activated alkenes are detailed. Chapter 4 describes the synthesis and characterisation for the compounds discussed in the previous chapters.
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Kalogirou, A. "Development of the conjugate addition/nitro-Mannich reaction." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1389217/.

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This thesis describes the development of the conjugate addition/nitro-Mannich reaction and its use in the synthesis of useful molecules like pyrrolidin-2-ones and piperazin-2-ones. The introductory chapter of this thesis outlines the literature related to the nitro-Mannich reaction, describing the different existing methodologies for performing the reaction in diastereo- and enantioselective manner. The synthetic applications of the reaction are also described, especially its uses in the synthesis of biologically active natural products. Moreover, the syntheses and uses of two classes of compounds, pyrrolidin-2-ones and piperazin-2-ones are briefly discussed. The results and discussion chapter starts by presenting the use of a one-pot conjugate addition/nitro-Mannich/lactamisation reaction in the synthesis of densely functionalised pyrrolidin-2-ones. The development of an asymmetric protocol, as well as some functionalisations of the pyrrolidinone core are also described. Our efforts to synthesise human neutrophil elastase inhibitor GW311616A using the developed methodology are then detailed. The next part of the results and discussion chapter portrays the development of a conjugate addition/nitro-Mannich reaction of non-zinc nucleophiles to ethyl 3-nitroacrylate and β-nitrostyrene. The scope and limitations of the reaction were investigated using a variety of different nucleophiles including amines, thiols, phosphines, alcohols, enolates and nitriles. Finally, our work towards synthesising the biologically active piperazin-2-one piperazirum, using the nitro-Mannich methodology is described. The diastereoselective synthesis and characterisation of a densely functionalised piperazin-2-one was accomplished. A detailed description of the experimental details and analytical data for all novel compounds is described in the experimental section. Tables of coupling constants and X-ray crystallographic data are presented in the appendices section, followed by a list of literature references.
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Zarotti, Pablo. "Investigations of ligands for Cu-catalyzed conjugate addition reactions /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16591.

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Baldwin, I. Craig. "New methodology involving allylic substitution and conjugate addition reactions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27583.

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Chapter one reviews routes to the generation of α-aminophosphonates and α-aminophosphonic acids. These biologically important compounds are synthesised in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms. The second chapter describes the results of conjugate addition reactions of lower order cuprates to diethylvinylphosphonate followed by an electrophilic quench to give a range of alkylphosphonates. The third and fourth chapters are concerned with the generation of enantiomencally enriched α-aminophosphonates and α-aminoesters via palladium catalysed allylic substitution reactions With allyl acetate the resulting products were isolated with an enantiomeric excess of up to 19%. With 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl acetate products with both high diastereomeric and enantiomeric excesses were isolated with the best being 75 % de and 97 % ee.
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Books on the topic "Conjugate addition"

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Begum, Adiba. Conjugate addition approaches to secondary difluoromethylphosphonates. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1998.

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Perlmutter, P. Conjugate addition reactions in organic synthesis. Oxford: Pergamon, 1992.

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Reed, Darrell. Conjugate addition of lithium reagents to y-oxygenated a,b-unsaturated ketoesters. Salford: University of Salford, 1994.

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Vicario, Jose L. Organocatalytic enantioselective conjugate addition reactions: A powerful tool for the stereocontrolled synthesis of complex molecules. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010.

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Manage, Ajith Chandersiri. Stereoselective conjugate additions of a-sulphinyl carbanions. Salford: University of Salford, 1991.

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Walker, Andrew J. Conjugate additions of sulphoxide-stabilised carbanions: Scope and applications. Salford: University of Salford, 1991.

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Organocatalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition Reactions. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849732185.

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Conjugate Addition Reactions in Organic Synthesis. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-11165-0.

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Perlmutter, Patrick. Conjugate Addition Reactions in Organic Synthesis. Elsevier, 2020.

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Perlmutter, P., and Patrick Perlmutter. Conjugate Addition Reactions in Organic Synthesis. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conjugate addition"

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Perlmutter, P. "Asymmetric conjugate addition reactions." In Advanced Asymmetric Synthesis, 222–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0797-9_11.

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Tomioka, Kiyoshi, and Yasuo Nagaoka. "Conjugate Addition of Organometallic Reagents." In Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis I–III, 1105–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58571-5_5.

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Yamaguchi, Masahiko. "Conjugate Addition of Stabilized Carbanions." In Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis I–III, 1121–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58571-5_6.

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Alexakis, Alexandre, Norbert Krause, and Simon Woodward. "Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition." In Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis, 33–68. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527664573.ch2.

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Oishi, M., and H. Takikawa. "Conjugate Addition." In Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates KU 2010/4, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-107-00062.

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Ooi, T., and K. Maruoka. "Conjugate Addition." In Compounds of Groups 13 and 2 (Al, Ga, In, Tl, Be...Ba), 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-007-00125.

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Oishi, M. "Conjugate Addition." In Compounds of Groups 13 and 2 (Al, Ga, In, Tl, Be...Ba), 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-007-00229.

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Tomkinson, Nicholas C. O. "Conjugate addition reactions." In Second Supplements to the 2nd Edition of Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, 199–258. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044453347-0.50422-5.

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Sammakia, T., J. A. Abramite, and M. F. Sammons. "Conjugate Addition/Elimination." In Ene-X Compounds (X=S, Se, Te, N, P), 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-033-00553.

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Roos, Gregory. "Conjugate Addition I." In Key Chiral Auxiliary Applications, 397–462. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-417034-6.00007-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conjugate addition"

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Lavilla, Rodolfo, Nicolas Isambert, Federica Catti, Mª-José Arévalo, and Ricardo Salazar. "Tandem Azide Conjugate Addition –Click Chemistry : Scope and Limitations." In The 11th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-11-01316.

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Siahmakoun, Azad, Guanglu Yang, and Brij M. Khorana. "Phase-conjugate shear interferometry." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mhh1.

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A versatile shear interferometer is developed by using degenerate four-wave mixing in photorefractive crystal (PRC) BaTiO3. A major advantage of this system is its ability to shear a wave front by a small amount (10μm) in any direction. In addition, the system can exhibit both lateral and radial shearing without any change in the experimental setup.
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Yeh, Pochi, Ian McMichael, and M. Khoshnevisan. "Phase-conjugate fiber-optic gyro." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.thk1.

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We describe a new type of fiber-optic gyro which utilizes the phase reversal of the conjugation process, and we report some preliminary experimental results. Polarization scrambling is a well-known source of signal fading and noise in fiberoptic gyros. Polarization-preserving fibers and couplers must be used to decouple the two states of polarization and hence improve the sensitivity.1 In the phase conjugate fiber-optic gyro, a scalar phase conjugator is employed to restore the severely scrambled waves to their original state of polarization. This eliminates the signal fading and noise due to polarization scrambling. Consider a fiber loop which contains a phase conjugate reflector at the end. The net phase shift of light completing a round trip is proportional to the rotation rate and can be used for rotation sensing. In addition, if the phase conjugate reflector is scalar2, the polarization state will not change on reflection. Such a scalar phase conjugator will produce a true time-reversed version of the incident wave and will undo all the reciprocal changes (e.g., polarization scrambling, modal aberration, temperature fluctuation) when the light propagates backward from the phase conjugator to the input coupling. Since the polarization scrambling and modal aberration of the multimode fibers can be corrected by scalar phase conjugation, even multimode fibers can be used in this new type of gyro. We have demonstrated the correction, by scalar phase conjugation, of polarization scrambling and modal aberration, in single and multimode fibers. We have also measured the conjugate phase shift introduced by rotation.
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Quintela, Jose, Rafael Alvarez-Sarandés, Carlos Peinador, and M. Veiga. "A Carbodiimide-Mediated Synthesis of Pyrimidothienopyridazine Derivatives via a Tandem Nucleophilic Addition-Intramolecular Hetero Conjugate Addition Annulation Strategy." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-1-02022.

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Sousa, Bruno A., Antonio A. S. Paulino, Ataualpa A. C. Braga, Romulo A. Ando, and Alcindo A. Dos Santos. "LDA Conjugate Addition to a Morita-Baylis-Hillman Ester: Experimental and DFT-based Theoretical Observations." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_201391621754.

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Li, Hui, and Bingcan Chen. "Enhancing antioxidant capacity at the interfaces of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by phenolic conjugated protein: protein structure and surface activity effect." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/dlhb1829.

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Preventing lipid oxidation, especially at the oil-water interface, of emulsions is still a challenge issue for suppressing food deterioration. A promising alternative is to introduce polyphenols together with amphiphilic proteins to form protein-polyphenol conjugates. Protein-polyphenols conjugates prepared via chemical bonding possess advantages of enhanced product stability, better controlling/turnability, more stable emulsion. Recently, we have successfully conjugated a natural antioxidant, gentisic acid (GA), into a great protein emulsifier, β-lactoglobulin (βLG) and discovered the significantly enhanced antioxidant activity in an in vitro assay. Moreover, we also proved the possibility of controlling GA grafting number for optimizing antioxidant activity of conjugates. In this follow-up study, we show a strategy to prepare future food ingredients with dual functions of emulsification and antioxidant activity for food emulsions formation. In particular, we systematically investigated the feed ratio of GA and βLG on the structural changes of the protein, as well as the long-term physical stability and oxidative stability of hemp oil-in-water emulsions. Upon optimizing the conjugate production at a larger scale and a thorough characterization of the surface charge, surface hydrophobicity, and surface tension of the resultant conjugates, we found that the feed ratio is extremely important because it determines the solubility, structure and surface activities of conjugated protein and GA grafting number, further produce a great effect on the physicochemical stabilities of their stabilized emulsions. In addition, the emulsions stabilized by the soluble portions of the conjugates could maintain the good physical stability while greatly enhancing the oxidative stability. We also proposed a possible explanation of the correlation between physicochemical stability of emulsions and GA grafting number. This work represents the structural basis of the functional improvement of the emulsions using protein-phenolic conjugates, which provides unique insights into the future design of multifunctional food biopolymers.
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Fernandes, Talita de A., Diego A. Alonso, Carmen Nájera, and Paulo R. R. Costa. "Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes and Ketones to Maleimides Catalyzed by a Chiral Bifunctional Nbenzoimidazol- cyclohexanediamine." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0071-2.

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Rigby, David L., and Jan Lepicovsky. "Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of Internally Cooled Configurations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0405.

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This paper describes the addition of conjugate capability to an existing Navier-Stokes code. Also, results are presented for an internally cooled configuration. The code is currently referred to as the Glenn-HT code, because of its origin at the NASA Glenn Research center and its proven ability to predict flow and Heat Transfer. In the past, the code had been called traf3d.mb. The addition of the conjugate capability to the code was accomplished with a minimum amount of changes to the code, with the understanding that if more advanced techniques were required they could be added at a later date. In the solid region, the density is constant and the velocities are of course zero which leaves only a simplified form of the energy equation to be solved. This simplified energy equation is solved using the same method as in the gas regions with only minor changes to the numerical parameters. At the interface between the gas and solid the wall temperature is set so as to produce the same heat flux in each region. Results are presented for a pipe flow to validate the implementation. Numerical and experimental results are then presented for flow over a flat plate that is cooled internally. Flat plate Reynolds numbers in the range 180,000 to 950,000, and coolant channel Reynolds numbers in the range 30,000 to 60,000 are presented.
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McMichael, Ian, and Pochi Yeh. "Double phase-conjugate fiber-optic gyro." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.wg2.

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We describe and demonstrate a new type of phase-conjugate fiber-optic gyro1 (PCFOG). PCFOGs use phase conjugation to compensate for reciprocal phase changes due to thermal and mechanical effects on the fiber, while at the same time allowing for the measurement of the nonreciprocal phase shift produced by rotation. Where the best standard fiber-optic gyros require polarization-preserving fibers and couplers to avoid polarization scrambling that is a source of noise and signal fading, PCFOGs can avoid this problem by using polarization-preserving phase conjugation.2 This has the advantage of allowing for the use of inexpensive nonpolarization preserving and even multimode fibers and components. The double PCFOG is simply an interferometer, in which both arms contain fiber-optic coils terminated by the same self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror. We have recently demonstrated rotation sensing using such an interferometer with a self-pumped crystal of barium titanate as the phase-conjugate mirror. For this demonstration, the entire interferometer was mounted on a rotary table and light was piped to the table using a fiber optic. In addition to the simplicity of the new self-pumped version of the PCFOG, it has the advantage of allowing for the use of fiber-optic coils that are longer than the coherence length of the laser to increase the sensitivity of the gyro.
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Venkateswarlu, Putcha, Mostafa Dokhanian, P. Chandra Sekhar, H. Jagannath, and M. C. George. "Phase Conjugate Resonators and Bistable Oscillations in BaTiO3." In Photorefractive Materials, Effects, and Devices II. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pmed.1990.ep1.

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Kwang and Yariv(1) used a single domain BaTiO3 crystal to form a ring passive phase conjugator (RPPC) and auxiliary resonators pumped by a multi-mode Ar+ laser at 4880Å. The auxiliary resonators were bistable. Jagannath et. Al(2) from this laboratory, reported the operation of a unidirectional ring resonator (UDRR) in addition to the RPPC and found bistability between the two. They also observed a linear passive phase conjugator (LPPC) which is bistable with the RPPC. It was found that auxiliary oxci nations between the crystal and a mirror are bistable separately with the UDRR and the LPPC.
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Reports on the topic "Conjugate addition"

1

Gregersen, U., P. C. Knutz, G. K. Pedersen, H. Nøhr-Hansen, J. R. Ineson, L. M. Larsen, J R Hopper, et al. Stratigraphy of the West Greenland Margin. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321849.

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The stratigraphy and the geological evolution of the West Greenland margin from the Labrador Sea to Baffin Bay in both the onshore and offshore areas are described. The primary data sets include seismic reflection surveys, wells, and outcrops. In addition, seabed samples, seismic refraction and magnetic data, onshore and offshore maps, and stratigraphic compilations were used. The basins of the West Greenland continental margin are described in three regions from the south to the north: southern West Greenland basins, central West Greenland basins, and northern West Greenland basins. Each region includes a description of the stratigraphy and evolution from the Archean to the Quaternary, divided into six phases: pre-rift and early extension, early rift, subsidence and rifting, late rift, drift, and post-drift. Finally, the regions are correlated and described in a tectonostratigraphic context together with analogues from the Canadian conjugate margin.
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2

Bazan, Guillermo C. Ring Walking/Oxidative Addition Reactions for the Controlled Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1037865.

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3

Cohen, Jerry D., and Ephraim Epstein. Metabolism of Auxins during Fruit Development and Ripening. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573064.bard.

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We had proposed to look at several aspects of auxin metabolism in fruit tissues: 1) IAA biosynthesis from tryptophan and IAA biosynthesis via the non-tryptophan pathway; 2) changes in the capacity to form conjugates and catabolites of auxin at different times during fruit development and; 3) the effects of modifying auxin metabolism in fruit tissues. The latter work focused primarily on the maize iaglu gene, with initial studies also using a bacterial gene for hydrolysis of IAA-aspartate. These metabolic and molecular studies were necessary to define potential benefits of auxin metabolism modification and will direct future efforts for crop improvement by genetic methods. An in vitro system was developed for the production of tomato fruit in culture starting from immature flowers in order to ascertain the effect of auxin modification on fruit ripening. IAA supplied to the fruit culture media prior to breaker stage resulted in an increase in the time period between breaker and red-ripe stages from 7 days without additional IAA to 12 days when 10-5 M IAA was added. These results suggest that significant changes in the ripening period could be obtained by alteration of auxin relationships in tomato fruit. We generated transgenic tomato plants that express either the maize iaglu gene or reduced levels of the gene that encodes the enzyme IAA-glucose synthetase. A modified shuttle vector pBI 121 expressing the maize iaglu gene in both sense and antisense orientations under a 35S promoter was used for the study. The sense plants showed total lack of root initiation and development. The antisense transgenic plants, on the other hand, had unusually well developed root systems at early stages in development. Analysis showed that the amount and activity of the endogenous 75 kDa IAGLU protein was reduced in these plants and consequently these plants had reduced levels of IAA-glucose and lower overall esterified IAA.
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