Journal articles on the topic 'Congruent methods'
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Reinholz, Lindsey, Blair K. Spearman, and Qiduan Yang. "Families of even non-congruent numbers with prime factors in each odd congruence class modulo eight." International Journal of Number Theory 14, no. 03 (March 25, 2018): 669–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042118500422.
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New families of even non-congruent numbers with arbitrarily many distinct prime factors are presented. Methods for generating even non-congruent numbers from existing non-congruent numbers are also given. These results yield new even non-congruent numbers whose factorizations contain primes in all four odd congruence classes modulo eight.
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Witteman, Holly O., Anne-Sophie Julien, Ruth Ndjaboue, Nicole L. Exe, Valerie C. Kahn, Angela (Angie) Fagerlin, and Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher. "What Helps People Make Values-Congruent Medical Decisions? Eleven Strategies Tested across 6 Studies." Medical Decision Making 40, no. 3 (April 2020): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x20904955.
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Background. High-quality health decisions are often defined as those that are both evidence informed and values congruent. A values-congruent decision aligns with what matters to those most affected by the decision. Values clarification methods are intended to support values-congruent decisions, but their effects on values congruence are rarely evaluated. Methods. We tested 11 strategies, including the 3 most commonly used values clarification methods, across 6 between-subjects online randomized experiments in demographically diverse US populations ( n1 = 1346, n2 = 456, n3 = 840, n4 = 1178, n5 = 841, n6 = 2033) in the same hypothetical decision. Our primary outcome was values congruence. Decisional conflict was a secondary outcome in studies 3 to 6. Results. Two commonly used values clarification methods (pros and cons, rating scales) reduced decisional conflict but did not encourage values-congruent decisions. Strategies using mathematical models to show participants which option aligned with what mattered to them encouraged values-congruent decisions and reduced decisional conflict when assessed. Limitations. A hypothetical decision was necessary for ethical reasons, as we believed some strategies may harm decision quality. Later studies used more outcomes and covariates. Results may not generalize outside US-based adults with online access. We assumed validity and stability of values during the brief experiments. Conclusions. Failing to explicitly support the process of aligning options with values leads to increased proportions of values-incongruent decisions. Methods representing more than half of values clarification methods commonly in use failed to encourage values-congruent decisions. Methods that use models to explicitly show people how options align with their values offer more promise for helping people make decisions aligned with what matters to them. Decisional conflict, while arguably an important outcome in and of itself, is not an appropriate proxy for values congruence.
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Nicholls, Victoria I., Benjamin Alsbury-Nealy, Alexandra Krugliak, and Alex Clarke. "Context effects on object recognition in real-world environments: A study protocol." Wellcome Open Research 7 (May 26, 2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17856.1.
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Background: The environments that we live in impact on our ability to recognise objects, with recognition being facilitated when objects appear in expected locations (congruent) compared to unexpected locations (incongruent). However, these findings are based on experiments where the object is isolated from its environment. Moreover, it is not clear which components of the recognition process are impacted by the environment. In this experiment, we seek to examine the impact real world environments have on object recognition. Specifically, we will use mobile electroencephalography (mEEG) and augmented reality (AR) to investigate how the visual and semantic processing aspects of object recognition are changed by the environment. Methods: We will use AR to place congruent and incongruent virtual objects around indoor and outdoor environments. During the experiment a total of 34 participants will walk around the environments and find these objects while we record their eye movements and neural signals. We will perform two primary analyses. First, we will analyse the event-related potential (ERP) data using paired samples t-tests in the N300/400 time windows in an attempt to replicate congruency effects on the N300/400. Second, we will use representational similarity analysis (RSA) and computational models of vision and semantics to determine how visual and semantic processes are changed by congruency. Conclusions: Based on previous literature, we hypothesise that scene-object congruence would facilitate object recognition. For ERPs, we predict a congruency effect in the N300/N400, and for RSA we predict that higher level visual and semantic information will be represented earlier for congruent scenes than incongruent scenes. By collecting mEEG data while participants are exploring a real-world environment, we will be able to determine the impact of a natural context on object recognition, and the different processing stages of object recognition.
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Jablonski, Michael R., Raymond Lorenz, James Li, and Bryan M. Dechairo. "Economic Outcomes Following Combinatorial Pharmacogenomic Testing for Elderly Psychiatric Patients." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 33, no. 6 (December 17, 2019): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988719892341.
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Objective: We compared economic outcomes when elderly patients with neuropsychiatric disorders received psychotropic medications guided by a combinatorial pharmacogenomic (PGx) test. Methods: This is a subanalysis of a 1-year prospective assessment of medication cost for patients with neuropsychiatric disorders receiving combinatorial PGx testing. Pharmacy claims were used to compare per member per year (PMPY) medication cost for patients ≥65 and <65 years old when medications were congruent or incongruent with the PGx test. Polypharmacy was also assessed. Results: Congruent prescribing was associated with savings of US$3497 PMPY ( P < .001) for patients ≥65 years and US$2467 PMPY ( P < .001) for patients <65, compared to incongruent prescribing. Congruent prescribing in patients ≥65 treated by primary care providers was associated with US$4113 PMPY ( P = .026) in savings, while congruent prescribing by psychiatrists was associated with US$120 PMPY ( P = .719). Congruent prescribing was also associated with one fewer neuropsychiatric medication for patients ≥65 ( P = .070). Conclusion: Congruence with PGx testing was associated with medication cost savings in elderly patients.
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Linde, Celeste C., Ryan D. Phillips, Michael D. Crisp, and Rod Peakall. "Congruent species delineation ofTulasnellausing multiple loci and methods." New Phytologist 201, no. 1 (September 13, 2013): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12492.
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Ulandari, Cici. "Penyisipan Pesan Pada File Dokumen Berekstensi Xls/Xlsx Menggunakan Metode Chinese Remainder." KLIK: Kajian Ilmiah Informatika dan Komputer 2, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/klik.v2i5.365.
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Information which is the result of processing from data has a different value for each person. Often information becomes very valuable and not everyone is allowed to know it, but there are always parties who try to find out information in ways that are not supposed to even intend to destroy it. There are several methods in steganography, one of which is a method to hide secret messages (text or images) in other files that contain text, images, and even audio without showing any real or visible changes in the quality and structure of the original file. . These methods include invisible ink, microdots, word management, digital signatures, hidden paths and wide spectrum communications. Chineses Reminder Theorem (CRT) is a concept based on a congruent relationship. However, unlike congruence in general, this concept is based on a simultaneous congruence relationship. Simultaneous congruence refers to several congruent relations that have a relationship with each other, and this relationship is related to the value of the same variable but with different modulo. This theory is an ancient theory that is often used in cryptography applications.
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Alonso Dos Santos, Manuel, and Ferran Calabuig Moreno. "Assessing the effectiveness of sponsorship messaging." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 19, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-09-2016-0067.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to represent a pilot study which aims to explore the attention to sponsorship variable by assessing the level of congruence linked to both the sponsor and the sponsored entity (sponsee). Design/methodology/approach This research performed an experiment involving three different sporting activities where the level of congruence was perceived in a different way according to the different attributes of sponsorship message. Electroencephalograms were employed in order to measure reaction times when recognizing and identifying the level of congruence of sponsorship messages. The rate of successful understanding and identification of these sponsorship messages was also measured with this tool. Findings Incongruent, misfit messages are processed and encoded with a higher level of attention as opposed to the information which is reliable and consistent with prior expectations (congruent pairings). This means that subjects find fit, congruent messages more difficult to identify; in this case the information is poorly encoded and often misunderstood. In relation to attention congruity, this research found no differences across the different sporting activities which were examined. Practical implications This research proves that neuroscientific methods can be useful to assess the performance of sponsorship as an alternative to traditional techniques. In addition, this research contributes to the existing debate in the literature regarding the disagreeing results on the actual effectiveness of sponsoring congruent perceived events involving congruent perceived sports teams. Originality/value This paper is pioneering in the measurement of sponsorship performance through the use of electroencephalograms. Also, the level of attention is considered as a performance indicator.
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Lochbuehler, Kirsten, E. Paul Wileyto, Melissa Mercincavage, Valentina Souprountchouk, Jordan Z. Burdge, Kathy Z. Tang, Joseph N. Cappella, and Andrew A. Strasser. "Temporal Effects of Message Congruency on Attention to and Recall of Pictorial Health Warning Labels on Cigarette Packages." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 7 (June 16, 2018): 879–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty124.
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Abstract Objectives Recent research has shown that message congruency is beneficial to recall of pictorial health warning label (PWL) content after initial exposure. Despite less attention to the text warning, smokers exposed to congruent PWLs were more likely to recall the text and the message. This study aimed to replicate these findings and to examine whether congruency also affects recall after multiple exposures over time. Methods A total of 320 daily smokers (39.7% female; cigarettes/day: M = 15.31, SD = 7.15) were randomized to one congruent or incongruent PWL and attended 4 laboratory sessions over 10 days. During each session, eye movements were recorded while viewing the PWL and open-ended recall of label content was assessed after exposure. Results Smokers who were exposed to a congruent PWL were more likely to recall the text (p = .01) and the message (p = .02) and less likely to recall the image (p = .003) of the PWL after initial exposure. By day 4, incongruent PWLs were recalled equally well as congruent PWLs. Independent of condition, image recall was initially high and remained high whereas text and message recall was relatively low initially but increased over time. It was not until day 7 that about 80% of text and message recall was observed. Conclusions Even when exposed to the same PWL over time, smokers require multiple exposures to recall the text and the message of a PWL. More research on the effects of congruency in the natural environment, where smokers are exposed to multiple PWLs, is needed. Implications The findings of this study, and of previous work showing that message congruency in PWLs is beneficial to initial recall of PWL content, could potentially help to address legal challenges regarding the implementation of PWLs in the United States. Factually correct text warnings have been uncontested on US cigarettes packages since 1966. Congruent PWLs simply provide a means to visually support the same information as the existing text using a medium that better garners attention to the health information. Investigating and understanding longer-term effects of congruency are important and can empirically inform future warning label development, both in the United States via the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, and via other governing bodies.
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FLEURY, RODRIGO BARRA CAIADO, ANTÔNIO CARLOS SHIMANO, THIAGO DANTAS MATOS, KELSEN DE OLIVEIRA TEIXEIRA, VALÉRIA ROMERO, and HELTON LUIZ APARECIDO DEFINO. "INFLUENCE OF THE CONGRUENCE OF PILOT HOLE TAPPING ON THE ANCHORAGE OF THE PEDICLE SCREW." Coluna/Columna 19, no. 3 (July 2020): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120201903224110.
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ABSTRACT Objectives To observe the influence of the congruence of the tapping of the pilot hole on the anchorage of the pedicle screws. Methods 5.5 and 6.5 mm screws from two vertebral fixation systems (Pedicol and Safe) were inserted into polyurethane blocks. Experimental groups were formed according to the pilot hole preparation: A- drilling with a 2.7 mm drill bit, B- Tapping of the pilot hole with a tap of lesser diameter than the diameter of the screw with a congruent thread design, C- Tapping of the pilot hole with a tap of lesser diameter than the diameter of the screw and an incongruous thread design. The polyurethane blocks with the screws were subjected to a tensile strength test to evaluate the pullout resistance of the screws. Results Using congruent pilot hole tapping of a lesser diameter and congruent thread design increased the pullout resistance of the rough-surface screws (Safe). The screws with a smooth surface (Pedicol) presented greater pullout resistance with tapping of a lesser diameter and incongruous thread design. Conclusions The congruence of the tap used to prepare the pilot hole increased the pullout resistance of the rough-surfaced screws. Level of Evidence III; Therapeutic Study.
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Rémi, Jan, Sophie Shen, Moritz Tacke, Philipp Probst, Lucia Gerstl, Aurelia Peraud, Mathias Kunz, Christian Vollmar, Soheyl Noachtar, and Ingo Borggraefe. "Congruence and Discrepancy of Interictal and Ictal EEG With MRI Lesions in Pediatric Epilepsies." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 51, no. 6 (May 18, 2020): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059420921712.
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Purpose. To evaluate the congruence or discrepancy of the localization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions with interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) or epileptic seizure patterns (ESPs) in surface EEG in lesional pediatric epilepsy patients. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed presurgical MRI and video-EEG monitoring findings of patients up to age 18 years. Localization of MRI lesions were compared with ictal and interictal noninvasive EEG findings of patients with frontal, temporal, parietal, or occipital lesions. Results. A total of 71 patients were included. Localization of ESPs showed better congruence with MRI in patients with frontal lesions (n = 21, 77.5%) than in patients with temporal lesions (n = 24; 40.7%) ( P = .009). No significant IED distribution differences between MRI localizations could be found. Conclusions. MRI lesions and EEG findings are rarely fully congruent. Congruence of MRI lesions and ESPs was highest in children with frontal lesions. This is in contrast to adults, in whom temporal lesions showed the highest congruency with the EEG localization of ESP. Lesional pediatric patients should be acknowledged as surgical candidates despite incongruent findings of interictal and ictal surface EEG.
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Abdolmalki, Hamid Reza, and Farzali Izadi. "New methods for obtaining new families of congruent numbers." Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics 25, no. 1 (March 2019): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nntdm.2019.25.1.14-24.
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Conrad, Verena, Marco Pino Vitello, and Uta Noppeney. "Interactions between apparent motion rivalry in vision and touch." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646497.
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Introduction: In multistable perception, the brain alternates between several perceptual explanations of ambiguous sensory signals. Recent studies have demonstrated crossmodal interactions between ambiguous and unambiguous signals. However it is currently unknown whether multiple bistable processes can interact across the senses (Conrad et al., 2010; Pressnitzer and Hupe, 2006). Using the apparent motion quartet in vision and touch, this study investigated whether bistable perceptual processes for vision and touch are independent or influence each other when powerful cues of congruency are provided to facilitate visuotactile integration (Conrad et al., in press). Methods: When two visual flashes and/or tactile vibration pulses are presented alternately along the two diagonals of the rectangle, subjects’ percept vacillates between vertical and horizontal apparent motion in the visual and/or tactile modalities (Carter et al., 2008). Observers were presented with unisensory (visual/tactile), visuotactile spatially congruent and incongruent apparent motion quartets and reported their visual or tactile percepts. Results: Congruent stimulation induced pronounced visuotactile interactions as indicated by increased dominance times and %-bias for the percept already dominant under unisensory stimulation. Yet, the temporal dynamics did not converge for congruent stimulation. It depended also on subjects’ attentional focus and was generally slower for tactile than visual reports. Conclusion: Our results support Bayesian approaches to perceptual inference, where the probability of a perceptual interpretation is determined by combining a modality-specific prior with incoming visual and/or tactile evidence. Under congruent stimulation, joint evidence from both senses decelerates the rivalry dynamics by stabilizing the more likely perceptual interpretation. Importantly, the perceptual stabilization was specific to spatiotemporally congruent visuotactile stimulation indicating multisensory rather than cognitive bias mechanisms.
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Mokrani, Youcef. "Adaptation of Monsky matrices for 𝜃-congruent numbers." International Journal of Number Theory 16, no. 02 (September 5, 2019): 377–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042120500207.
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[Formula: see text]-congruent numbers are a generalization of congruent numbers. As in the classical case, there is a particular interest in finding infinite families of non-[Formula: see text]-congruent numbers with special properties, such as having an arbitrary number of prime factors. This paper presents methods to find families of non-[Formula: see text]-congruent numbers in the spirit of the initial result of Iskra, and extending the results of Girard, Lalín and Nair for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by adapting Monsky matrices following the ideas of Reinholz, Spearman and Yang. This paper also presents induction theorems using adapted Monsky matrices in order to find more general non-[Formula: see text]-congruent families than those presently known.
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Kivioja, Kaisa. "Impact of point-of-purchase olfactory cues on purchase behavior." Journal of Consumer Marketing 34, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-08-2015-1506.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of olfactory cues at the point of purchase on consumers’ purchase behavior in terms of sales. Design/methodology/approach The theory of semantic congruence and sensory marketing on consumer behavior is tested using data collected through an experiment and analyzed using quantitative methods. Findings The presence of an olfactory cue has a positive impact on purchase behavior, as measured by product and product-category sales. Results indicate that a more common, category-congruent scent is optimal, as opposed to product-congruent, differentiating scent, even for a single product. Practical implications The findings encourage retailers to implement scents at the point of purchase as a sales promotion tool. Targeting a product category, instead of a single product, would seem the most feasible target scope. Originality/value This paper studies sensory marketing and cue congruence in a real-life retail setting, measuring the impact in terms of sales, and not only in relation to purchase intentions or brand image. Addressing a precisely defined target that suits retailing, namely, a single product and product category, is also novel, contrasting with earlier studies focused on ambient scents in large environments.
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Reyes, A. "Congruent Mammalian Trees from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes Using Bayesian Methods." Molecular Biology and Evolution 21, no. 2 (August 29, 2003): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msh033.
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Starodubtsev, Alexey, and Mikhail Allakhverdov. "Semantic Conflict and Response Conflict in the Stroop Task." Russian Journal of Cognitive Science 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47010/19.4.3.
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The most common ways researchers explain the Stroop effect are either through semantic or through response conflict. According to the literature, there are several methods capable of disentangling these conflicts: to use words outside of the response set, to use associatively related colors and words, or to use a “2:1” paradigm (requiring the same response for two types of stimuli). However, we believe that these methods cannot entirely differentiate semantic and response conflicts. We propose the following alternative method: when naming the color of a printed word (e.g., red, yellow, etc.) in the Stroop test, participants were asked to use different color names for some colors. For example, the red-colored stimuli had to be named by the word “yellow”. This approach allowed us to create semantically congruent stimuli, but with the conflict at the response level (the word red appears in red, but the participants have to say “yellow” because of the rule). Some stimuli remain congruent at the response level, but with the conflict at the semantic level (the word yellow appears in red, and the participants have to say “yellow” because of the rule). The results showed that semantically congruent stimuli do not produce the Stroop effect even if the meaning of the word corresponds to an incorrect response. In turn, congruence at the response level reduces the interference effect, but interference remains significant. Thus, the response conflict affects the magnitude of the Stroop effect only when there is a semantic conflict. Our data do not correspond to models that assume direct activation of responses corresponding to word meaning
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Kling, Andreas, and José G. Marques. "Unveiling the Defect Structure of Lithium Niobate with Nuclear Methods." Crystals 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050501.
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X-ray and neutron diffraction studies succeeded in the 1960s to determine the principal structural properties of congruent lithium niobate. However, the nature of the intrinsic defects related to the non-stoichiometry of this material remained an object of controversial discussion. In addition, the incorporation mechanism for dopants in the crystal lattice, showing a solubility range from about 0.1 mol% for rare earths to 9 mol% for some elements (e.g., Ti and Mg), stayed unresolved. Various different models for the formation of these defect structures were developed and required experimental verification. In this paper, we review the outstanding role of nuclear physics based methods in the process of unveiling the kind of intrinsic defects formed in congruent lithium niobate and the rules governing the incorporation of dopants. Complementary results in the isostructural compound lithium tantalate are reviewed for the case of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. We focus especially on the use of ion beam analysis under channeling conditions for the direct determination of dopant lattice sites and intrinsic defects and on Perturbed Angular Correlation measurements probing the local environment of dopants in the host lattice yielding independent and complementary information.
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Štroner, Martin, Rudolf Urban, and Jakub Královič. "Testing of the Relative Precision in Local Network with Use of the Trimble Geo XR GNSS Receivers." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 94, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2013-0004.
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Abstract The paper deal with testing of different GNSS measurement methods in highly accurate network for the objectives of engineering surveying. The test is comprised of a set of measurement acquired by particular GNSS methods with different observation length. For purposes of the test, an appropriate network of five points in local system was created and accurately trigonometrically measured. The result of testing is a comparison of individual methods in position using two dimensional congruent transformation and in height using one dimensional congruent transformation.
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Marttila, J. "Assessing Stage of Change for physical activity: how congruent are parallel methods?" Health Education Research 18, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyf034.
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Travaglino, Antonio, Antonio Raffone, Gabriele Saccone, Massimo Mascolo, Maurizio Guida, Antonio Mollo, Luigi Insabato, and Fulvio Zullo. "Congruence Between 1994 WHO Classification of Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia System." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 153, no. 1 (August 21, 2019): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz132.
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Abstract Objectives To assess congruence between World Health Organization (WHO) 1994 and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) classification systems of endometrial hyperplasia. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching electronic databases for studies that classified endometrial hyperplasia according to both WHO 1994 and EIN systems. Congruence was based on the rate of specimens classified as EIN in WHO categories, which should be virtually 0.000 in nonatypical hyperplasia (NAH) and 1.000 in atypical hyperplasia (AH). Subgroup analyses were performed based on architecture complexity. Results Eight studies with 1,352 hyperplasias were included. Congruence with EIN criteria was fair in NAH (0.241) and moderate in AH (0.815). Subgroup analyses of NAH showed high congruence in simple NAH (0.065), null in complex NAH (0.517), null in simple AH (0.148), and high in complex AH (0.901). Conclusions WHO 1994 system is not congruent with the EIN system and cannot be directly translated into a dual classification.
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Gatto, Cassiano A. F. R., and Mario Cohn-Haft. "Spatial Congruence Analysis (SCAN): A method for detecting biogeographical patterns based on species range congruences." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): e0245818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245818.
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Species with congruent geographical distributions, potentially caused by common historical and ecological spatial processes, constitute biogeographical units called chorotypes. Nevertheless, the degree of spatial range congruence characterizing these groups of species is rarely used as an explicit parameter. Methods conceived for the identification of patterns of shared ranges often suffer from scale bias associated with the use of grids, or the incapacity to describe the full complexity of patterns, from core areas of high spatial congruence, to long gradients of range distributions expanding from these core areas. Here, we propose a simple analytical method, Spatial Congruence Analysis (SCAN), which identifies chorotypes by mapping direct and indirect spatial relationships among species. Assessments are made under a referential value of congruence as an explicit numerical parameter. A one-layered network connects species (vertices) using pairwise spatial congruence estimates (edges). This network is then analyzed for each species, separately, by an algorithm which searches for spatial relationships to the reference species. The method was applied to two datasets: a simulated gradient of ranges and real distributions of birds. The simulated dataset showed that SCAN can describe gradients of distribution with a high level of detail. The bird dataset showed that only a small portion of range overlaps is biogeographically meaningful, and that there is a large variation in types of patterns that can be found with real distributions. Species analyzed separately may converge on similar or identical groups, may be nested in larger chorotypes, or may even generate overlapped patterns with no species in common. Chorotypes can vary from simple ones, composed by few highly congruent species, to complex, with numerous alternative component species and spatial configurations, which offer insights about possible processes driving these patterns in distinct degrees of spatial congruence. Metrics such as congruence, depth, richness, and ratio between common and total areas can be used to describe chorotypes in detail, allowing comparisons between patterns across regions and taxa.
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Montgomery, Scott R., J. Christoph Katthagen, Jacob D. Mikula, Daniel Cole Marchetti, Dimitri S. Tahal, Grant J. Dornan, Kimi D. Dahl, Alex W. Brady, Travis Lee Turnbull, and Peter J. Millett. "Anatomic and Biomechanical Comparison of the Classic and Congruent-Arc Techniques of the Latarjet Procedure." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 6 (February 14, 2017): 1252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516685318.
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Background: The Latarjet procedure is commonly performed using either the classic or the congruent-arc technique. Each technique has potential clinical advantages and disadvantages. However, data on the anatomic and biomechanical effects, benefits, and limitations of each technique are limited. Hypothesis/Purpose: To compare the anatomy and biomechanical fixation strength (failure load) between the 2 techniques. It was hypothesized that the classic technique would have superior initial fixation when compared with the congruent-arc technique and that this would be affected by sex and coracoid size. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A biomechanical cadaver study was performed with 20 pairs of male and female shoulders. One of each pair of shoulders was randomly assigned to receive the classic or congruent-arc technique. Coracoid and glenoid anatomic measurements were collected before biomechanical testing. A tensile force was applied through the conjoined tendon to replicate forces experienced by the coracoid graft in the early postoperative period, and the failure load was determined for each specimen. Results: The mean ± SD surface area available for fixation was 263 ± 63 mm2 in the classic technique compared with 177 ± 63 mm2 in the congruent-arc group ( P < .001). 36% of the glenoid width was recreated in the classic group and 50% in the congruent-arc group ( P < .001). The congruent-arc technique resulted in a significantly lower ( P = .005) mean failure load (239 ± 91 N) compared with the classic technique (303 ± 114 N). Failure load was significantly higher in males ( P = .037); male specimens had a mean failure load of 344 ± 122 N for the classic technique and 289 ± 73 N for the congruent-arc technique, and females had a mean failure load of 266 ± 98 N and 194 ± 84 N, respectively. Conclusion: In this biomechanical model, the classic technique of the Latarjet procedure provided a greater surface area for healing to the glenoid and superior initial fixation when compared with the congruent-arc technique. The congruent-arc technique allowed restoration of a larger glenoid defect. Clinical Relevance: The classic and congruent-arc techniques of coracoid transfer have anatomic and biomechanical advantages and disadvantages that should be considered when choosing between the 2 techniques.
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Alborova, Lana A., and Stanislav V. Strashnov. "Surfaces of congruent sections of pendulum type on cylinders with generatrix superellipses." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 18, no. 1 (May 23, 2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2022-18-1-64-72.
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In 1972, I.I. Kotov proposed to separate the surfaces of congruent sections into a separate class and to include the surfaces of plane-and-parallel translation, surfaces of revolution, carved surfaces of Monge, cyclic surfaces with a generatrix circle of constant radius, rotative, spiroidal, and helical surfaces in it. The aim of the research is to obtain generalized parametric equations of surfaces of congruent sections of the pendulum type on right cylinders with plane-and-parallel translation of movable rigid superellipses. Analytical geometry methods are used. Computer systems MathCad and AutoCAD are applied to visualize surfaces. The results consist in the derivation of parametric equations of the studied surfaces in a general form convenient for the use of computer modeling methods. The technique is demonstrated on five examples with congruent mobile superellipses. The possibility of using obtained surface shapes in parametric architecture, free-form architecture, and in shaping of the surfaces of some technical products is noted.
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Montgomery, Scott R., Jan Christoph Katthagen, Jacob D. Mikula, Daniel C. Marchetti, Dimitri S. Tahal, Grant Dornan, Kimi Dahl, Alex Brady, Travis L. Turnbull, and Peter J. Millett. "Anatomic and Biomechanical Comparison of the Classic and Congruent-Arc Techniques of the Latarjet Procedure." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 3_suppl3 (March 1, 2017): 2325967117S0011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00114.
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Objectives: The Latarjet procedure is commonly performed using either the classic (standing) or the congruent-arc (lying) technique. There are potential clinical advantages and disadvantages of each technique. However, the anatomic and biomechanical effects, benefits, and limitations of each technique are unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the anatomy and biomechanical strength of fixation between the two techniques. Methods: A biomechanical cadaver study was performed with 20 pairs of male and female shoulders (n=40). One of each pair of shoulders was randomly assigned to receive the classic or congruent-arc technique. Coracoid and glenoid anatomic measurements were collected prior to biomechanical testing. A pull force was applied through the conjoined tendon to replicate forces experienced by the coracoid graft in the early post-operative period, and the failure load was determined for each specimen ( Figure 1 ). [Figure: see text] Results: The mean surface area available for fixation in the classic technique was 263.3 mm2 compared to 177.0 mm2 in the congruent-arc group (p<0.001). In the classic group, 36% of the glenoid width was re-created, and 50% was re-created in the congruent-arc group (p<0.001). The congruent-arc technique resulted in a significantly lower (p=0.005) mean failure load (238.9 ± 91.2 N) compared to the classic technique (303.0 ± 114 N). Failure load was significantly higher in males (p=0.037); male specimens had a mean failure load of 343.9 ± 122.2 N for the classic technique and 289.4 ± 73.0 N for the congruent-arc technique, and females had a mean failure load of 266.1 ± 97.7 and 193.5 ± 84.0 N, respectively ( Figure 2 ). [Figure: see text] Conclusion: In this biomechanical model, the classic technique of the Latarjet procedure provided a greater surface area for healing to the glenoid and greater biomechanical strength of fixation when compared to the congruent-arc technique. The congruent-arc technique allowed restoration of a larger glenoid defect.
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Prinja, Aditya, Antony Raymond, and Mahesh Pimple. "A Biomechanical Comparison of Two Techniques of Latarjet Procedure in Cadaveric Shoulders." Advances in Orthopedics 2020 (January 24, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7496492.
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Traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder is commonly treated with the Latarjet procedure, which involves transfer of the coracoid process with a conjoint tendon to the anterior aspect of the glenoid. The two most common techniques of the Latarjet are the classical and congruent arc techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in force required to dislocate the shoulder after classical and congruent arc Latarjet procedures were performed. Fourteen cadaveric shoulders were dissected and osteotomised to produce a bony Bankart lesion of 25% of the articular surface leading to an “inverted pear-shaped” glenoid. An anteroinferior force was applied whilst the arm was in abduction and external rotation using a pulley system. The force needed to dislocate was noted, and then the shoulders underwent coracoid transfer with the classical and congruent arc techniques. The average force required to dislocate the shoulder after osteotomy was 123.57 N. After classical Latarjet, the average force required was 325.71 N, compared with 327.14 N after the congruent arc technique. This was not statistically significant. In this biomechanical cadaveric study, there is no difference in the force required to dislocate a shoulder after classical and congruent arc techniques of Latarjet, suggesting that both methods are equally effective at preventing anterior dislocation in the position of abduction and external rotation.
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Visek, Amanda J., Heather Mannix, Avinash Chandran, Sean D. Cleary, Karen McDonnell, and Loretta DiPietro. "Perceived importance of the fun integration theory’s factors and determinants: A comparison among players, parents, and coaches." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 6 (September 27, 2018): 849–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118798057.
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Conceptualized by youth soccer players, parents, and coaches, the fun integration theory’s FUN MAPS identify 11 fun-factors and 81 fun-determinants. The purpose of this study was to conduct a secondary analysis of those data to explore the extent to which the parents (responsible for supporting) and the coaches (tasked with delivering soccer programs) perceived importance of the factors and determinants were congruent with the players’ self-reported importance. We produced pattern-match displays and go-zone displays, which are innovative, visual representations of group comparisons that are unique to concept-mapping methods, to determine the overall consensus between the groups, in addition to identifying exact points of agreement and disagreement. Results indicated congruence between parents and players was extraordinarily high ( r = 0.89–0.93) and significantly more congruent than coaches and players ( r = 0.75–0.84). Results also indicated consensus was significantly lower among adolescent players and coaches ( r = 0.66–0.71) compared to younger players and coaches ( r = 0.77–0.90). Disparities in the perceived importance of specific fun-factors and fun-determinants between groups are discussed. In addition, transformative learning theory is introduced as an immersive approach to developing fun schemas consistent with the youth athletes' fun ethos that will enable coaches to be athlete-centric when creating fun, positive sport experiences for youth.
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McElroy, Gail, and Kenneth Benoit. "Party Policy and Group Affiliation in the European Parliament." British Journal of Political Science 40, no. 2 (March 23, 2010): 377–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123409990469.
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Systematic empirical research has yet to explain how national parties join political groups in the European Parliament. This article first demonstrates, using original empirical measures from expert surveys of party positions, that EP party groups consist of national parties sharing similar policy positions. Secondly, using Bayesian/MCMC methods, the paper estimates the policy determinants of group affiliation using a (conditional) multinomial logit model to explain that ‘party group’ choice is largely driven by policy congruence. Finally, predictions from the model identify national parties not in their ‘ideally congruent’ EP groups. The findings suggest that the organization of and switching between EP groups is driven mainly by a concern to minimize policy incongruence between national and transnational levels.
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Krivoshapko, Sergey N., and Vyacheslav N. Ivanov. "Surfaces of congruent sections on cylinders." Vestnik MGSU, no. 12 (December 2020): 1620–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.12.1620-1631.
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Introduction. The definition of surfaces of congruent sections was first formulated in the work written by I.I. Kotov. These and several other types of surfaces, generated by the motion of a curve, belonged to the class of kinematic surfaces. Such kinematic surfaces as those of plane parallel displacement, surfaces of rotation, Monge surfaces, cyclic surfaces with ge-nerating circles having constant radius, rotative and spiroidal surfaces, helical some helix-shaped surfaces can be included into the class of surfaces that have congruent sections.
Materials and methods. Using I.I. Kotov’s methodology, the authors first derived parametrical and vector equations for eight surfaces of congruent pendulum type cross sections of circular, elliptic, and parabolic cylinders and several helix-shaped surfaces. Circles, ellipses, and parabolas, located in the plane of the generating curve of a guiding cylinder or in the planes of a bundle that passes through the longitudinal axis of a cylinder, generate plane curves. Ellipses, analyzed in the article, can be easily converted into circles and this procedure can increase the number of shapes analyzed here.
Results. Formulas are provided in the generalized form, so the shape of a plane generating curve can be arbitrary. Some surfaces of congruent sections are determined by two varieties of parametric equations. In one case, the central angle of the guiding cylindrical surface was used as an independent parameter, but in the other case, one of rectangular coordinates of the cylinder’s guiding curve served as an independent parameter. Two types of surfaces are analyzed: 1) when local axes of generating curves remain parallel in motion; 2) when these axes rotate.
Conclusions. The analysis of the sources and the results, recommendations and proposals for application of surfaces, having congruent sections, is made with a view to their use in architecture and technology. The list of references has 27 positions, and it shows that the surfaces considered in this paper are being analyzed by architects, engineers, and geometricians both in Russia and abroad.
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Mengers, Sunita R. P., Derrick M. Knapik, Matthew W. Kaufman, Gary Edwards, James E. Voos, Robert J. Gillespie, and Michael R. Karns. "Clinical Outcomes of the Traditional Latarjet Versus the Congruent Arc Modification for the Treatment of Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Meta-analysis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 232596712110302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211030204.
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Background: Few studies have compared clinical outcomes between the traditional Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability and the congruent arc modification to the Latarjet procedure. Purpose: To systematically evaluate the literature for the incidence of recurrent instability, clinical outcomes, radiographic findings, and complications for the traditional Latarjet procedure and the congruent arc modification and to compare results of each search. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We included studies published between January 1990 and October 2020 that described clinical outcomes of the traditional Latarjet and the congruent arc modification with a follow-up range of 2 to 10 years. The difference in surgical technique was analyzed using a chi-square test for categorical variables, while continuous variables were evaluated using a Student t test. Results: In total, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria: 20 studies describing the traditional Latarjet procedure in 1412 shoulders, and 6 studies describing the congruent arc modification in 289 shoulders. No difference between procedures was found regarding patient age at surgery, follow-up time, Rowe or postoperative visual analog scores, early or late complications, return-to-sport timing, or incidence of improper graft placement or graft fracture. A significantly greater proportion of male patients underwent glenoid augmentation using the congruent arc modification versus traditional Latarjet ( P < .001). When comparing outcomes, the traditional Latarjet procedure demonstrated a lower incidence of fibrous union or nonunion ( P = .047) and broken, loose, or improperly placed screws ( P < .001), and the congruent arc modification demonstrated improved outcomes with regard to overall return to sport ( P < .001), return to sport at the same level ( P < .001), incidence of subluxation ( P = .003) or positive apprehension ( P = .002), and revision surgery for recurrent instability ( P = .027). Conclusion: Outcomes after the congruent arc modification proved at least equivalent to the traditional Latarjet procedure in terms of recurrent instability and return to sport, although early and late complications were equivalent. The congruent arc procedure may be an acceptable alternative to traditional Latarjet for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss; however, long-term outcomes of this procedure are needed.
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Scott, Donia R., Judy Delin, and Anthony F. Hartley. "Identifying Congruent Pragmatic Relations in Procedural Texts." Languages in Contrast 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 45–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.1.1.05sco.
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In this paper, we present a methodology for the contrastive analysis of comparable corpora of instructional texts in different languages. The methodology is insensitive to the fact that the texts under comparison differ widely in their semantic content, and it can be reliably applied by multiple analysts. We show the results of an empirical study of cross-linguistic variation between Portuguese, French, and English instructions which follows this methodology. Using consumer instructions for ordinary household products in the three languages, we examine expressions of the two semantic relations, generation and enablement (cf. Goldman, 1970), and their available surface syntactic expressions. We examine the role of discourse perspective, as realised by rhetorical relations such as those employed within the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), in further narrowing down the range of choices. We demonstrate that the three languages of study tolerate different levels of ambiguity, and prefer different forms of disambiguation and pragmatic signalling, attesting to the value of empirical methods for contrastive discourse study. The analysis was conducted with the aim of informing all levels of decision, from meaning to surface syntax, in the automatic generation of sets of instructional texts in those languages.
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Heilmann, Arndt, Tatiana Serbina, and Stella Neumann. "Processing of grammatical metaphor." Translation, Cognition & Behavior 1, no. 2 (September 27, 2018): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00009.hei.
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Abstract This paper investigates cognitive effort invested in the translation and reading of grammatical metaphor. It is based on the results of two experiments conducted using the methods of keylogging and eyetracking. To test differences in processing, we devised a number of metaphorical and congruent stimuli integrated into a popular-scientific text. In this paper cognitive effort, operationalized through a number of pause and gaze measures, is examined by means of linear-mixed regression modelling. Our results show no difference in processing effort between congruent and metaphorical stretches of text.
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Yusoff, Nasir, Norrul Aikma Mohamed, and Nor Azila Noh. "Cognitive process in high neuroticism: incompatible flexibility in frontal brain region." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v21i1.56338.
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Objective: This study examines the difference of interference effect in high and low neuroticism. Material and Methods: Low and high groups of neuroticism performed the congruent and incongruent Stroop Colour Word task in the Event Related Potential session. The ERP P300 was extracted and analysed. Results: High neuroticism exhibited larger P300 amplitude than low neuroticism in both congruent and incongruent condition. Conclusion: High neuroticism appraises conflict and non-conflict condition under incompatibility manner driven by prefrontal cortical top–down control. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 129-134
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Clark, D., J. M. Stevens, D. Tortonese, M. R. Whitehouse, D. Simpson, and J. Eldridge. "Mapping the contact area of the patellofemoral joint." Bone & Joint Journal 101-B, no. 5 (May 2019): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.101b5.bjj-2018-1246.r1.
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Aims The aim of this study was to determine and compare the congruency of the articular surface contact area of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) during both active and passive movement of the knee with the use of an MRI mapping technique in both the stable and unstable PFJ. Patients and Methods A prospective case-control MRI imaging study of patients with a history of PFJ instability and a control group of volunteers without knee symptoms was performed. The PFJs were imaged with the use of an MRI scan during both passive and active movement from 0° through to 40° of flexion. The congruency through measurement of the contact surface area was mapped in 5-mm intervals on axial slices. In all, 40 patients were studied. The case group included 31 patients with symptomatic patellofemoral instability and the control group of nine asymptomatic volunteers. The ages were well matched between the case and control groups. The mean age was 25 years (16 to 42; sd 6.9) in the case group and 26 years (19 to 32; sd 5.1) in the control group. There were 19 female and 12 male patients in the case group. Results The unstable PFJs were demonstrably less congruent than the stable PFJs throughout the range of knee movement. The greatest mean differences in congruency between unstable and stable PFJ’s were observed between 11° and 20° flexion (1.73 cm2 vs 4.00 cm2; p < 0.005). Conclusion The unstable PFJ is less congruent than the stable PFJ throughout the range of knee movement studied. This approach to mapping PFJ congruency produces a measurable outcome and will allow the assessment of pre- and postoperative results following surgical intervention. This may facilitate the design of new procedures for patients with PFJ instability. If a single axial series is to be obtained on MRI scan, the authors recommend 11° to 20° of tibiofemoral flexion, as this was shown to have the greatest difference in contact surface area between the case and control groups. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:552–558.
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Jackson, Scott A., Michael L. Kotewicz, Isha R. Patel, David W. Lacher, Jayanthi Gangiredla, and Christopher A. Elkins. "Rapid Genomic-Scale Analysis of Escherichia coli O104:H4 by Using High-Resolution Alternative Methods to Next-Generation Sequencing." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 5 (December 30, 2011): 1601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07464-11.
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ABSTRACTTwo technologies, involving DNA microarray and optical mapping, were used to quickly assess gene content and genomic architecture of recent emergentEscherichia coliO104:H4 and related strains. In real-time outbreak investigations, these technologies can provide congruent perspectives on strain, serotype, and pathotype relationships. Our data demonstrated clear discrimination between clinically, temporally, and geographically distinct O104:H4 isolates and rapid characterization of strain differences.
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Nicod, Elena, Laia Maynou, Erica Visintin, and John Cairns. "Why do health technology assessment drug reimbursement recommendations differ between countries? A parallel convergent mixed methods study." Health Economics, Policy and Law 15, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133119000239.
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AbstractUsing quantitative and qualitative research designs, respectively, two studies investigated why countries make different health technology assessment (HTA) drug reimbursement recommendations. Building on these, the objective of this study was to (a) develop a conceptual framework integrating the factors explaining these decisions, (b) explore their relationship and (c) assess if they are congruent, complementary or discrepant. A parallel convergent mixed methods design was used. Countries included in both previous studies were selected (England, Sweden, Scotland and France). A conceptual framework that integrated and organised the factors explaining the decisions from the two studies was developed. Relationships between factors were explored and illustrated through case studies. The framework distinguishes macro-level factors from micro-level ones. Only two of the factors common to both studies were congruent, while two others reached discrepant conclusions (stakeholder input and external review of the evidence processes). The remaining factors identified within one or both studies were complementary. Bringing together these findings contributed to generating a more complete picture of why countries make different HTA recommendations. Results were mostly complementary, explaining and enhancing each other. We conclude that differences often result from a combination of factors, with an important component relating to what occurs during the deliberative process.
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Leonov, S. V., A. A. Yakushina, I. S. Polikanova, and V. A. Klimenko. "Relationship of Internet-Dependent Behavior, Intellectual Development and Cultural Congruence in Primary School Children." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 81 (2021): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267081/81/11.
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The main purpose of our study was to examine the connection between the Internet addiction in junior school children and their intellectual development and cultural congruence. The study involved 92 schoolchildren from Moscow aged from 9 to 10 years. Our hypothesis was that intellectual abilities of schoolchildren would be related to their cultural congruence, as well as to their Internet dependent behavior. The following methods were used to test the hypothesis: Raven Progressive Matrices, the children's version of Personality Factor Questionnaire by R. Cattell, Chen Internet Addiction Scale, Methodology of determining the cultural congruence of a junior school child by Bayanova and co-authors. The results demonstrated that schoolchildren with good intellectual abilities are highly likely to demonstrate high rates of cultural congruence. At the same time, the study found no statistically significant differences in intellectual development between children with propensity to Internet addiction and children with any Internet addiction. At the same time, it identified significant features in behavior of children prone to online addiction. The behavior of such children is often manifested in demonstrating violations of the regulatory situation at school, as well as in displaying non-congruent behavior; in particular, such children are more likely to tell lies, do not listen to teachers, are late for classes, skip classes, and fight. Besides, such students are characterized by more pronounced impulsiveness and motor retardation, aggressive assertion of their position, self-confidence, and leadership qualities. The school environment is characterized by normative rules and procedures, so children are not always able to realize their motives and desires openly. Thus, we can conclude that more impulsive and motorized children, who are also characterized by displaying aggressive behaviors, will be more likely to be characterized by a tendency to Internet dependent behaviors, because it allows them to express their desires and intentions, which often cannot be realized in a strictly regulated school environment. In this way, our research has demonstrated that high intellectual abilities of junior school children are significantly related to their cultural congruence. In addition, their propensity for Internet addiction can be a factor contributing to non-congruent behavior among children aged 9–10 years.
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Kallemeyn, Leanne M., Jori N. Hall, and Emily Gates. "Exploring the Relevance of Complexity Theory for Mixed Methods Research." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 14, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 288–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689819872423.
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While the field of mixed methods has discussed complexity theory, more clarification regarding its conceptualization is needed. Accordingly, we first review how various fields have interpreted and applied the central ideas of complexity theory in the social sciences. We then analyze two empirical studies that used complexity theory and mixed methods. We highlight how both studies examined complex systems, used elements of complexity theory as their theoretical framework, and used complexity–congruent methodologies and methods. To conclude, we offer conceptual and methodological implications for using complexity theory for mixed methods research. We view the clarification provided an important contribution to the field of mixed methods as it assists researchers in studying complex systems, theorizing complex phenomena, and using complex methods.
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KLAASSEN, T., W. J. RIEDEL, N. E. P. DEUTZ, and H. M. VAN PRAAG. "Mood congruent memory bias induced by tryptophan depletion." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 1 (January 2002): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170100438x.
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Background. Mood congruent memory bias predicts a more superior recall memory of learnt material congruent with the mood state at the time of learning. The present study is the first report of an experimental study in which a biological mood induction was used to test this hypothesis. The influence of acute tryptophan (TRP) depletion, inducing low serotonin neurotransmission and a depression of mood, on memory bias was evaluated in healthy volunteers (16 with and 11 without a family history of major affective disorder).Methods. Twenty-seven subjects received 100 g of an amino acid mixture with and without TRP according to a placebo-controlled, double-blind, balanced, cross-over design. An affective memory test consisting of a 30-word list with words of positive, neutral, and negative affective valence and a mood questionnaire were assessed at 6 and 24 h following treatment administration.Results. TRP depletion impaired delayed recall of neutral and positive words, but not of negative words. There was no interaction of family history and treatment and there was no post hoc association between the influence of TRP-depletion on mood and on affective memory bias.Conclusion. Experimentally induced serotonergic depletion in normal individuals shifts affective memory bias towards negative affective valent verbal stimuli.
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Dogan, H., A. Patel, C. Herold-Mende, S. Pfister, W. Wick, M. Loose, A. von Deimling, M. Sill, D. Jones, and F. Sahm. "P07.04 Rapid-CNS2: Rapid comprehensive adaptive nanopore-sequencing of CNS tumors, a proof of concept study." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_2 (September 1, 2021): ii25—ii26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab180.087.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The WHO classification 2021 includes multiple molecular markers for routine diagnostics in addition to histology. Sequencing setup for complete molecular profiling requires considerable investment, while batching samples for sequencing and methylation profiling can delay turnaround time. We introduce RAPID-CNS2, a nanopore adaptive sequencing pipeline that enables comprehensive mutational, methylation and copy number profiling of CNS tumours with a single third generation sequencing assay. It can be run for single samples and offers highly flexible target selection requiring no additional library preparation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Utilising ReadFish, a toolkit enabling targeted nanopore sequencing, we sequenced DNA from 22 diffuse glioma patient samples on a MinION device. Target regions comprised our Heidelberg brain tumour NGS panel and pre-selected CpG sites for methylation classification by an adapted random forest classifier. Pathognomonic alterations, copy number profiles, and methylation classes were called using a custom bioinformatics pipeline. Results were compared to their corresponding NGS panel-seq and EPIC array outputs. RESULTS Complete concordance with the EPIC array was found for copy number profiles from RAPID-CNS2. 94% pathognomonic mutations were congruent with NGS panel-seq. MGMT promoter status was correctly identified in all samples. Methylation families were detected with 96% congruence. Among the alterations decisive for rendering a classification-compatible integrated diagnosis, 97% of the alterations were consistent over the entire cohort (completely congruent in 19/22 cases and sufficient for unequivocal diagnosis in all). CONCLUSION RAPID-CNS2 provides a swift and highly flexible alternative to conventional NGS and array-based methods for SNV/Indel analysis, detection of copy number alterations and methylation classification. The turnaround time of ~4 days can be further shortened to <12h by altering target sizes. It offers a low-capital approach that would be cost-efficient for low throughput settings and invaluable in cases requiring immediate diagnoses.
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Patel, Areeba, Helin Dogan, Alexander Payne, Philipp Sievers, Natalie Schoebe, Daniel Schrimpf, Damian Stichel, et al. "PATH-48. RAPID-CNS2: RAPID COMPREHENSIVE ADAPTIVE NANOPORE-SEQUENCING OF CNS TUMORS, A PROOF OF CONCEPT STUDY." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.500.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The WHO classification 2021 includes multiple molecular markers for routine diagnostics in addition to histology. Sequencing setup for complete molecular profiling requires considerable investment, while batching samples for sequencing and methylation profiling can delay turnaround time. We introduce RAPID-CNS2, a nanopore adaptive sequencing pipeline that enables comprehensive mutational, methylation and copy number profiling of CNS tumours with a single third generation sequencing assay. It can be run for single samples and offers highly flexible target selection requiring no additional library preparation. METHODS Utilising ReadFish, a toolkit enabling targeted nanopore sequencing, we sequenced DNA from 22 diffuse glioma patient samples on a MinION device. Target regions comprised our Heidelberg brain tumour NGS panel and pre-selected CpG sites for methylation classification by an adapted random forest classifier. Pathognomonic alterations, copy number profiles, and methylation classes were called using a custom bioinformatics pipeline. Results were compared to their corresponding NGS panel-seq and EPIC array outputs. RESULTS Complete concordance with the EPIC array was found for copy number profiles from RAPID-CNS2. 94% pathognomonic mutations were congruent with NGS panel-seq. MGMT promoter status was correctly identified in all samples. Methylation families were detected with 96% congruence. Among the alterations decisive for rendering a classification-compatible integrated diagnosis, 97% of the alterations were consistent over the entire cohort (completely congruent in 19/22 cases and sufficient for unequivocal diagnosis in all). CONCLUSIONS RAPID-CNS2 provides a swift and highly flexible alternative to conventional NGS and array- based methods for SNV/Indel analysis, detection of copy number alterations and methylation classification. The turnaround time of ~4 days can be further shortened to < 12h by altering target sizes. It offers a low-capital approach that would be cost-efficient for low throughput settings and invaluable in cases requiring immediate diagnoses.
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Waldrop, Deborah P., and Jacqueline M. McGinley. "“I want to go home”: How location at death influences caregiver well-being in bereavement." Palliative and Supportive Care 18, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951520000176.
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AbstractObjectivesGoal concordant or congruent care involves having expressed wishes upheld. Yet, the preferred location for end-of-life care may be unaddressed. Caregiver–patient congruence between preferred and actual locations of care may influence the quality of life in bereavement. The study aimed to explore how the congruence between caregiver–patient preferred and actual locations of death influenced well-being in bereavement.MethodsMixed methods were employed. In-depth in-person interviews were conducted with 108 bereaved caregivers of a hospice patient about 4 months after the death. An interview guide was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data: demographics, decision-making, Core Bereavement Items (CBI), Health Related Quality of Life, and perspectives on the end-of-life experiences. Data were analyzed with a convergent mixed methods one-phase process.ResultsPatient preference–actual location congruence occurred for 53%; caregiver preference–actual location congruence occurred for 74%; caregiver–patient preference and location of death occurred for 48%. Participants who reported some type of incongruence demonstrated higher levels of distress, including more days of being physically and emotionally unwell and more intense bereavement symptoms. The Acute Separation subscale and CBI total scores demonstrated significant differences for participants who experienced incongruence compared with those who did not. Preference location congruence themes emerged: (1) caregiver–patient location congruence, (2) caregiver–patient location incongruence, and (3) location informed bereavement.ConclusionsCongruence between a dying person's preferred and actual locations at death has been considered good care. There has been little focus on the reciprocity between caregiver–patient wishes. Discussing preferences about the place of end-stage care may not make location congruence possible, but it can foster shared understanding and support for caregivers’ sense of coherence and well-being in bereavement.
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Ikramov, Kh D. "Improved bounds for the recursion width in congruent type methods for solving systems of linear equations." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 165, no. 5 (February 24, 2010): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-010-9821-4.
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Li, Shikun, Ruodan Lu, Jianya Liu, and Liang Guo. "Super Edge 4-Points Congruent Sets-Based Point Cloud Global Registration." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163210.
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With the acceleration in three-dimensional (3D) high-frame-rate sensing technologies, dense point clouds collected from multiple standpoints pose a great challenge for the accuracy and efficiency of registration. The combination of coarse registration and fine registration has been extensively promoted. Unlike the requirement of small movements between scan pairs in fine registration, coarse registration can match scans with arbitrary initial poses. The state-of-the-art coarse methods, Super 4-Points Congruent Sets algorithm based on the 4-Points Congruent Sets, improves the speed of registration to a linear order via smart indexing. However, the lack of reduction in the scale of original point clouds limits the application. Besides, the coplanarity of registration bases prevents further reduction of search space. This paper proposes a novel registration method called the Super Edge 4-Points Congruent Sets to address the above problems. The proposed algorithm follows a three-step procedure, including boundary segmentation, overlapping regions extraction, and bases selection. Firstly, an improved method based on vector angle is used to segment the original point clouds aiming to thin out the scale of the initial point clouds. Furthermore, overlapping regions extraction is executed to find out the overlapping regions on the contour. Finally, the proposed method selects registration bases conforming to the distance constraints from the candidate set without consideration about coplanarity. Experiments on various datasets with different characteristics have demonstrated that the average time complexity of the proposed algorithm is improved by 89.76%, and the accuracy is improved by 5 mm on average than the Super 4-Points Congruent Sets algorithm. More encouragingly, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be applied to various restrictive cases, such as few overlapping regions and massive noise. Therefore, the algorithm proposed in this paper is a faster and more robust method than Super 4-Points Congruent Sets under the guarantee of the promised quality.
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Williams, Tom A., Peter G. Foster, Tom M. W. Nye, Cymon J. Cox, and T. Martin Embley. "A congruent phylogenomic signal places eukaryotes within the Archaea." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1749 (October 24, 2012): 4870–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1795.
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Determining the relationships among the major groups of cellular life is important for understanding the evolution of biological diversity, but is difficult given the enormous time spans involved. In the textbook ‘three domains’ tree based on informational genes, eukaryotes and Archaea share a common ancestor to the exclusion of Bacteria. However, some phylogenetic analyses of the same data have placed eukaryotes within the Archaea, as the nearest relatives of different archaeal lineages. We compared the support for these competing hypotheses using sophisticated phylogenetic methods and an improved sampling of archaeal biodiversity. We also employed both new and existing tests of phylogenetic congruence to explore the level of uncertainty and conflict in the data. Our analyses suggested that much of the observed incongruence is weakly supported or associated with poorly fitting evolutionary models. All of our phylogenetic analyses, whether on small subunit and large subunit ribosomal RNA or concatenated protein-coding genes, recovered a monophyletic group containing eukaryotes and the TACK archaeal superphylum comprising the Thaumarchaeota, Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota and Korarchaeota. Hence, while our results provide no support for the iconic three-domain tree of life, they are consistent with an extended eocyte hypothesis whereby vital components of the eukaryotic nuclear lineage originated from within the archaeal radiation.
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Wijaya, T. T., I. I. Mutmainah, N. Suryani, D. Azizah, A. Fitri, N. Hermita, and M. Tohir. "Nineth Grade Students Mistakes when Solving Congruence and Similarity Problem." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2049, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2049/1/012066.
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Abstract This research aims to know the difficulty level and the difficulties faced by students on congruent and similar problems. The test is taken from students’ mid-semester exam in march 2021. Students’ learning condition is under the coronavirus pandemic. This research uses a mix-method to process its data which are the qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative method is used to analyze the difficulty level and the qualitative method will explain the difficulties faced by students when solving congruent and similar problems. There are 9 questions given in this research that consists of 8 visual problems and one combined problem. The difficulties of the problems are four questions with easy difficulty and five questions with medium difficulty. The sample of this research is 61 9th grade students from SPMN 47, Bandung, Indonesia. The data is taken by using the google platform. The second data will be taken from teachers’ interview results following the analysis of students’ difficulties when solving congruent and similarity problems. The test result average is 64.77 and teachers’ interview result shows that the poor test result is because teachers are not prepared with the teaching condition during the coronavirus pandemic. A recommendation for teachers is that they can improve their ability by integrating technology in mathematics.
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Moldovyan, Alexandr, and Nikolay Moldovyan. "New Forms of Defining the Hidden Discrete Logarithm Problem." SPIIRAS Proceedings 18, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 504–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/sp.18.2.504-529.
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There are introduced novel variants of defining the discrete logarithm problem in a hidden group, which represents interest for constructing post-quantum cryptographic protocols and algorithms. This problem is formulated over finite associative algebras with non-commutative multiplication operation. In the known variant this problem, called congruent logarithm, is formulated as superposition of exponentiation operation and automorphic mapping of the algebra that is a finite non-commutative ring. Earlier it has been shown that congruent logarithm problem defined in the finite quaternion algebra can be reduced to discrete logarithm in the finite field that is an extension of the field over which the quaternion algebra is defined. Therefore further investigations of the congruent logarithm problem as primitive of the post-quantum cryptoschemes should be carried out in direction of finding new its carriers. The present paper introduces novel associative algebras possessing significantly different properties than quaternion algebra, in particular they contain no global unit. This difference had demanded a new definition of the discrete logarithm problem in a hidden group, which is different from the congruent logarithm. There are proposed several variants of such definition, in which it is used the notion of the local unite. There are considered right, left, and bi-side local unites. Two general methods for constructing the finite associative algebras with non-commutative multiplication operation are proposed. The first method relates to defining the algebras having dimension value equal to a natural number m > 1, and the second one relates to defining the algebras having arbitrary even dimensions. For the first time the digital signature algorithms based on computational difficulty of the discrete logarithm problem in a hidden group have been proposed.
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Lieberman, Bruce S., and Niles Eldredge. "Trilobite biogeography in the Middle Devonian: geological processes and analytical methods." Paleobiology 22, no. 1 (1996): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001602x.
Full textAbstract:
Phylogenetic patterns of trilobite clades were used to deduce biogeographic patterns during the Middle Devonian, a time of active plate collision between North America (Laurentia) and other plates, coincident with several major episodes of sea-level rise and fall. The mapping of biogeographic states onto phylogenies for asteropyginid and proetid trilobites indicated that during their history these trilobite clades often shifted the areas they occupied, and also underwent vicariant differentiation, followed by range expansion, followed by subsequent vicariance. Biogeographic patterns in these individual phylogenies were evaluated and synthesized using a modified version of Brooks Parsimony Analysis, which is discussed. This method makes it possible using cladistic methods to distinguish between episodes of vicariance and episodes of dispersal. Two types of dispersal are recognized herein: (1) the individualistic responses of certain taxa in a single clade that cannot be generalized, i.e., traditional ad hoc dispersal, and (2) those patterns of congruent range expansion that are replicated across several clades. The latter are not treated as true dispersal, expansion of a taxon's range over a barrier accompanied by diversification, but rather as a result of the temporary removal of barriers to marine taxa, due either to relative sea-level rise or to the collision of formerly disjunct plates. These are interpreted as changes in the structure of areas, and this type of dispersal is referred to as geo-dispersal. Geo-dispersal was found to have occurred in the Middle Devonian trilobite fauna of Eastern North America.Biogeographic analysis indicated that Eastern North America is a strongly supported area, with the Appalachian and Michigan Basins as sister areas. Armorica and the Canadian Arctic are also sister areas. Congruence was found between area cladograms produced by vicariance and dispersal analyses for Middle Devonian trilobites, suggesting that in some cases the geological processes governing vicariance, such as sea-level changes, were the same as those that caused dispersal.
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GARCÍA-GÁMEZ, ANA B., and PEDRO MACIZO. "Learning nouns and verbs in a foreign language: The role of gestures." Applied Psycholinguistics 40, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 473–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716418000656.
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ABSTRACTWe evaluated the impact of gestures on second language (L2) vocabulary learning with nouns (Experiment 1) and verbs (Experiment 2). Four training methods were compared: the learning of L2 words with congruent gestures, incongruent gestures, meaningless gestures, and no gestures. Better vocabulary learning was found in both experiments when participants learned L2 words with congruent gestures relative to the no gesture condition. This result indicates that gestures have a positive effect on L2 learning when there is a match between the word meaning and the gesture. However, the recall of words in the incongruent and meaningless gesture conditions was lower than that of the no gesture condition. This suggests that gestures might have a negative impact on L2 learning. The facilitation and interference effects we found with the use of gestures in L2 vocabulary acquisition are discussed.
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Sinaga, Magdalena Sinaga, and Agustina Simangunsong. "Implementation of Linear Congruent Method For Guess the Drawing Game." Jurnal Info Sains : Informatika dan Sains 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54209/infosains.v11i1.39.
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In face guessing game is a game with pictures that will be scrambled and questions in this guess the face game application. Linear Congruent methods are used to generate random values used to randomize images and questions displayed on the guess the face game. Random value generation will be used in this game using lcm formula Xn = ( a (Xn-1) + b mod m. The constantly changing variable value in the game has a significant effect on the random value displayed. The ever-changing administration of a, Xn and b can avoid fixed or repetitive patterns of consecutive random value generation effects. In addition, the provision of variable changes can also prevent the repetition of questions that will be randomized in a row. While to avoid the exit of unwanted random values and used variable m as a limiter maximum value. The implementation of the above method can be concluded that the game guess the face of badminton athletes displays varied images and questions that users can play with their respective difficulty levels.
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KHIM, Seunghyun. "Brief Introduction to Single Crystal Growth Techniques." Physics and High Technology 31, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.31.015.
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This article aims to introduce several synthesis methods to grow single-crystalline samples, which are widely used in experimental condensed matter physics studies. In order to understand the crystal growth in high-temperature melts, the concept of congruent/incongruent melting is explained based on a binary phase diagram. Then principles and practices of the Czochralski, flux-growth, and floating-zone growth methods are described. In addition, the chemical vapor transport method is briefly mentioned.