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Journal articles on the topic 'Congregations'
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1
Dollhopf, Erica J. "Overall Congregational Vitality in the United Church of Christ: Predictors and Implications." Theology Today 78, no. 3 (October 2021): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405736211030249.
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This article examines the predictors of overall congregational vitality in the United Church of Christ (UCC), a US mainline Protestant denomination of approximately 5,000 churches and 800,000 members. This analysis is based on data from the UCC version of the Faith Communities Today survey, which surveyed all UCC congregations in early 2020. An overall congregational vitality scale was created from survey questions; factors associated with congregational vitality were tested to see which ones had a statistically significant relationship with a congregation's level of overall vitality. Aspects of congregations that were significantly associated with overall congregational vitality included the fit between the pastor and congregation, innovative worship, racial diversity, and total number of participants, while the percentage of young adults, contemporary worship, founding year of congregation, percentage change in worship attendance over the past five years, current financial health of congregation, and percentage of female participants did not influence overall congregational vitality. This research may be useful for congregations seeking to maintain or increase their vitality and for researchers interested in identifying the components and predictors of congregational vitality.
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Lefevor, G. Tyler, Jacqueline Y. Paiz, William-Michael Stone, Kiet D. Huynh, Hibah E. Virk, Sydney A. Sorrell, and Sierra E. Gage. "Homonegativity and the Black Church: Is Congregational Variation the Missing Link?" Counseling Psychologist 48, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 826–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000020918558.
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The Black church in the United States has historically functioned as a bastion for civil rights; however, it may also be a source of pain and suffering for sexual minorities. To examine the influence of individual and congregational variables on attitudes toward same-sex sexuality in the Black church, we collected a sample of 219 participants from 15 randomly selected congregations. Results of three hierarchical linear models indicated that congregation- and individual-level variables emerged as equally important predictors of individuals’ attitudes toward same-sex sexuality. Individual-level religiousness and congregation-level education emerged as significant predictors of homonegativity. Our results suggest that congregations may play a role in enacting homonegative attitudes. We encourage counseling psychologists working with religious Black sexual minority clients to help clients consider characteristics of congregations (e.g., education) and individual religious practices (e.g., overzealous service attendance) that may signal homonegativity. We encourage further work examining the influence of congregational factors on congregants’ attitudes.
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Steinman, Kenneth Jacob, and Athe Bambakidis. "Faith-Health Collaboration in the United States: Results from a Nationally Representative Study." American Journal of Health Promotion 22, no. 4 (March 2008): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/061212152r.1.
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Purpose. Estimate the prevalence of and identify characteristics associated with religious congregations' collaboration with health agencies. Design. Cross-sectional analyses of self-report data from the National Congregations Study, a random sample of religious congregations generated from the 1998 General Social Survey. Setting. United States. Subjects. Key informants from 1236 congregations. Each respondent described a single congregation. Measures. Respondents provided open-ended descriptions of congregational programs. Researchers coded program descriptions by content (e.g., domestic violence) and whether the program involved collaboration with a secular agency. Other congregational characteristics (e.g., denomination) were measured by validated measures and linked census tract data. Results. Overall, 11.1% of congregations participated in faith-health collaboration (FHC). Logistic regression analyses found that FHC was more common among congregations with more members, with a small proportion of congregants under 35 years, and with a senior pastor with a graduate degree. Other effects were conditional; for instance, denominational differences varied depending on urban/suburban/rural location and the proportion of low-income members. Conclusion. This study provides the first national estimates of the prevalence of FHC. Such collaborative efforts may require different approaches in different areas. These results can help practitioners identify congregations that may be more willing to collaborate.
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Song. "Why Young Adult Believers Are Turning Away from Religions: With a Focus on Religious Congregations in Downtown Seoul." Religions 10, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10090497.
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The sociological study of youth religion is a growing field of research. This essay focuses on the rising number of young Korean adult believers from five downtown religious congregations in Seoul who are leaving their congregations due to increased cynicism and as they re-examine their religious faith. Based on a series of in-depth interviews (Focus Group Interviews (FGIs)) conducted with both young adult believers and priests, this paper examines several key factors including why young adult believers decide to leave their congregations, how their congregations react to the changing environment, and whether they can develop innovative approaches to deal with the emerging situation. Although each and every one of the congregations considers this phenomenon to be a serious issue, the solutions they have applied to retain and attract young adult believers in and to their faith have so far been ineffective. Nonetheless, it is likely that the reason behind the failure to keep more young adults in their faith and congregation may correlate to how competitive and innovative solutions provided by the congregational leadership are as they attempt to tackle the ongoing issue of retaining and attracting young adult congregational members.
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May, Matthew. "Superordinate Ties, Value Orientations, and Congregations’ Organizational Cultures." Religions 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11060277.
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In this paper, I examine how clergy’s value orientations and congregations’ relationships to the superordinate organizations in their institutional environment are reflected in congregations’ organizational cultures. My analysis of nearly 50 qualitative interviews with clergy, members, and former members of four Southern Baptist Convention congregations and one Independent Christian megachurch indicates organizational cultures are (1) reflections of their leaders’ value orientations and the congregation’s engagement with superordinate organizations and (2) an important indicator of how congregations establish legitimacy. I describe three unique organizational cultures and their relationship to clergy’s value orientations and the congregations’ ties to the superordinate organizations in their institutional environment. In the discussion, I argue there is a need to focus on specific components of the institutional environment beyond superordinate organizations, and I consider the role the three organizational cultures described in the text play in congregational growth and decline and church conflict.
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Ward, John Willis, and Jess Gregory Jones. "A Congregational Social Worker’s Role in Benevolence Ministry: A Case Study of Five Models." Social Work & Christianity 49, no. 3 (December 14, 2022): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34043/swc.v49i3.298.
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Benevolence is often a way for the church to engage with the local community, however, churches often struggle with how to do so most effectively. This paper provides a description of five church models from Baptist congregations in Central Texas. This paper will summarize each church’s approach and synthesize the approaches to form recommendations for congregational social work, including roles of the social worker in the congregation and suggestions for how churches might work with social workers to enhance and better articulate policies and practices around benevolence ministries. A highlight of the literature surrounding congregational community ministries will also be included. This article aims to advance the role of social workers in congregations and giving tangible tools for both social work and congregational engagement with benevolence funds.
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Thumma, Scott L. "A Portrait of the 2020 Faith Communities Today Study." Theology Today 78, no. 3 (October 2021): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405736211030233.
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This article offers an overview of the congregational landscape of the United States using the 2020 Faith Communities Today national key-informant survey. Offering representative results from 15,278 congregations in over 80 different denominations and 4 religious traditions, the article describes the characteristics of the average American congregation as well as significant variations within the results. Overall, this picture is one of diminished health and gradual decline. Following this summary picture, several key trends, including size disparities, aging memberships, generational changes, and a more diverse religious context, are discussed along with their implications for future congregational vitality. These trends further illustrate the challenges facing US faith communities presently. The article concludes with a focus on the most prominent characteristics of those faith communities within the survey that are spiritually vital and growing to highlight possible avenues of revitalization for the country's congregations. These results suggest that congregations need a combination of innovative leadership, a clear sense of mission and purpose, passionate and relevant worship, and an engaged membership willing to adapt and change to address an ever-evolving social and religious context.
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Walsh, Zane Cullinane, Hannah Olson, Miranda Clendening, and Athena Rycyk. "Social Behavior Deficiencies in Captive American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3010011.
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Understanding how the behavior of captive American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) congregations compares to wild congregations is essential to assessing the welfare of alligators in captivity. Wild alligator congregations perform complex social behaviors, but it is unknown if such behaviors occur in captive congregations as frequently. We observed the behaviors of a captive and wild congregation of American alligators in Florida, USA in January 2021. Social behaviors were, on average, 827% more frequent in the wild congregation than the captive, and the wild congregation had a richer repertoire of social behaviors, with growling and HOTA (head oblique tail arched) behaviors being particularly common. High walking, a nonsocial behavior, dominated the behavioral repertoire of the captive congregation (94% of behaviors, excluding feeding) and may be a stereotypy that can be used as an indicator of welfare. Both congregations experienced human disturbance and displayed flushing as a species-specific defense reaction. Captive environments differ from the wild with respect to size, structure, stocking density, resource availability, and human presence. These differences translate into behavioral differences between wild and captive congregations. We identified important behavioral differences between wild and captive alligator congregations that can serve as a platform for more detailed investigations of alligator welfare in captivity.
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Cooper, Katherine R., and Lynn O. Cooper. "Partners, Not Providers: A Collaboration Typology for Congregations and Community." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 50, no. 5 (February 10, 2021): 919–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764021991669.
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Scholars have long been interested in nonprofits, religious congregations, and their collaborative activity. This research builds upon past large-scale studies of congregations to suggest a nuanced understanding of how clergy approach congregational partnerships and make decisions about collaborating with community organizations. Using qualitative data from a geographically bounded sample of 30 Protestant congregations and grounded theory methodology, we suggest that clergy view their congregations as serving a different purpose from nonprofit partners and navigate numerous tensions inherent in congregational life in their pursuit of collaborative activity. We introduce a new typology of congregational collaboration that posits collaboration as a strategy for providing material and spiritual resources, in and outside of their congregations.
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Siberine, Kate Harmon, and Lisa Kimball. "Confirming Mentoring." Theology Today 76, no. 1 (April 2019): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040573619826950.
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The Confirmation Project research clearly identified the impact of the faith-forming culture of a congregation on youth confirmation. When the congregational ecology is intentional about lifelong and life-wide faith formation, intergenerational relationships become a powerful means of faith transmission. This article explores the role and impact of mentoring in confirmation programs, a practice we found in 57 percent of the 3064 congregations surveyed. Drawing from social science research and building on biblical and theological foundations, we argue that Christian mentoring, a practice of modeling faith, provides mutual benefit for young people and their adult mentors, while also contributing to the spiritual health and relational vitality of congregations. Intergenerational mentoring at its best teaches confirmands, mentors, and congregants that they are not independent Christians, but part of an interdependent body of Christ.
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Hafifuddin, Hafifuddin, and Rofiul Wahyudi. "Analisis Persepsi Jamaah Masjid di Kecamatan Gondokusuman Terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan QRIS." Dinamis : Journal of Islamic Management and Bussiness 4, no. 1 (December 17, 2022): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/dinamis.v5i2.3347.
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This study aims to analyze the mosque congregation's decision to use QRIS against ZIS and to find out which variable influences the decision to use QRIS against ZIS. The research method used is quantitative. Respondents in this study were mosque congregations in the Gondokusuman sub-district. The population in this study were all mosques in Gondokusuman District. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, and a sample of 100 respondents was obtained. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire distributed to mosque congregations carrying out non-cash transactions in the form of QRIS. Methods of data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing (t-test and F test), and test the coefficient of determination (R2). The results of this study show that partially and simultaneously, the convenience variable and the benefits variable have a positive and significant effect on the decision of the congregation of mosques in the Gondokusuman sub-district to use QRIS as a ZIS transaction tool. Simultaneously, the convenience variable and benefits variable influence the decisions of mosque congregations in the Gondokusuman sub-district using QRIS as a tool for ZIS transactions with an effect size of 26.6%.
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Djupe, Paul A., and Jacob R. Neiheisel. "Political Mobilization in American Congregations: A Religious Economies Perspective." Politics and Religion 12, no. 1 (September 4, 2018): 123–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048318000512.
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AbstractIt has become an article of faith that congregations in America play an important role in the political mobilization of the faithful, but the reasons why congregations themselves provide political opportunities are not well understood. We unite various strands of work about congregational political engagement under the canopy of the religious economies model. Using the 2001 U.S. Congregational Life Study and 1998 National Congregations Study datasets, we show that market forces shape churches’ provision of political goods, suggesting that the congregational embrace of political activities should be understood not as a politically strategic exercise, but as another way to reach out to new members and retain current ones.
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Stein, Rachel E., Katie E. Corcoran, Brittany M. Kowalski, and Corey J. Colyer. "Congregational Cohesion, Retention, and the Consequences of Size Reduction: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of an Old Order Amish Church." Sociology of Religion 81, no. 2 (2020): 206–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srz036.
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Abstract Congregations depend on their members for their success and survival. Yet there is a lack of research examining congregational retention or exit. Social networks are key to understanding religious group dynamics including retention; however, research on religious communities using network analysis is limited. We use Amish directories to compile longitudinal census data on intracongregational familial ties in our case study. We theorize and find that cohesion is inversely related to congregational size and positively related to retention. We find that splitting congregations reduces cohesion when members central to the network are removed even when congregational size is reduced. The findings may be particularly relevant for understanding retention and group dynamics in small congregations and ethnic congregations in which extended family ties more commonly form the membership base. The results demonstrate the utility of using social network analysis methods to test theoretical predictions drawn from the sociology of religion literature.
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Doka, Kenneth J. "The Church and the Elderly: The Impact of Changing Age Strata on Congregations." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 22, no. 4 (June 1986): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w9d2-5kcd-gg4k-fmtj.
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This study reports the results of a survey of forty-four Lutheran Churches in the New York metropolitan area. It describes present and projected services and programs churches offer to the elderly, specifically investigating the impact of changing age strata upon congregations. A significant relationship was found between proportion of the elderly within the congregation and the pastors' interest in developing specialized ministries to the elderly. There was also a significant relationship between the proportion of the elderly within the congregation and the pastors' interest in structural modifications of the church building. However, no significant differences were found between the proportion of elderly with the congregation and the actual programs and services to the elderly. This may be an indication that churches with high proportions of the elderly had less financial and congregational resources.
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Nurlaila, Nurlaila, and Nofal Liata. "RESPON MASYARAKAT TERHADAP JAMAAH TABLIGH: STUDI KASUS VILLAGE JAMIATUN ULAMA, LAM ILIE TEUNGOH, ACEH BESAR." Abrahamic Religions: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 1, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/arj.v1i1.9485.
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Jamaah tabligh is an organization that was originally pioneered by Maulana Muhammad Ilyas, an 'alim who lives in the north of the Indian capital, New Delhi. In Indonesia, the tabligh congregation began to enter estimated in 1952. The tabligh congregation has genuine motivation, is passionate and has high dedication and sincerity in carrying out Islamic da'wah in society. Tablighi congregations are able to set a good example and even earnestly practice the Sunnah of the Prophet Saw in their daily life. The people of Jamiatul Ulama Village, Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar District have different views on the existence of the tabligh congregation. This study aims to determine how the views of the people of Jamiatul Ulama Village towards the tabligh congregation and the influence of the teachings of the tabligh congregation on the morals of the Jamiatul Ulama Village community. In this study the authors used field research methods (field research) with a qualitative approach that collected data through observation, interviews, documentation. The results showed that the view of the community towards the tabligh congregation was different, there were those who accepted it actively, passively and there were those who did not accept it. The reason they accept it is because of its excellent preaching, morals, and the growing presence of the tabligh congregation in the mosque. The reason for those who do not accept it is because the community views the tabligh congregation as new teachings, lazy to work. With the existence of the community's morality tabligh congregation, a lot has changed, the community is increasingly fond of performing acts of worship, congregational prayers are increasingly living in mosques, and an increasing number of congregations at mosques. However, social activities between the tabligh congregation and the community in Jamiatul Ulama Village are less well-connected.
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Permatasari, Lany Aprilia, Enny Dwi Oktaviyani, and Sherly Christina. "Rancang Bangun Website Majelis Jemaat GKE Bumi Palangka (MJBP) PHP dan MySQL." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47111/jointecoms.v1i1.2957.
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GKE Bumi Palangka Congregation Council is the leader of the Church Congregation in Palangka Raya which houses four churches, of course, has a large accumulation of congregations. One of the duties and jobs of the GKE Bumi Palangka Congregational Daily Working Body (BPH MJBP) is to regulate the stewardship of the Church and to collect data on the congregation every year. The problems that exist in the Bumi Palangka GKE Congregational Assembly are the Jamaat's service system and the data has not been computerized and integrated and the lack of media to share or disseminate information that is in the Bumi Palangka GKE Congregational Assembly.
In designing the website of the GKE Bumi Palangka Congregational Assembly, themethod is used waterfall with stages, Requirements Definition, System and Software Design, Implementation and Unit Testing, Integration and System Testing, Operation and Maintenance. The software used in building this website is Visual Studio Code, MySQL, and XAMPP.
This website has been tested with blackbox testing which results in that the features on the website can run well. This MJBP Website Design was developed with the aim of planning, supervising, directing and delegating work to all service departments that have a relationship or coordination. As well as managing computerized church and congregation data so as to produce congregation information such as recapitulation reports
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Harris, Helen, Gaynor Yancey, and Selena Steward. "Congregational Discernment: One Church Case Study." Religions 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11010027.
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This case study reflects the congregational practices of members and staff within a congregation in the southwest of the United States which self-identifies as a congregation within the Christian tradition. The congregation has completed processes and procedures that resulted in the congregation self-identifying as a welcoming and affirming congregation to all people. A Master of Social Work intern was embedded for an academic year, as her field internship experience, in the congregation as part of the ministerial staff. The intern examined congregational and denominational processes that included difficult conversations, daily practices, and decisions with specific reference to LGBTQI+ issues as part of a national research study of Christian congregations determining inclusivity in their membership, governance, and leadership functions. The case study included participant-observation by the intern of the lived experiences of church leadership and members as a result of these conversations and decisions specific to the practices of a congregation with membership of approximately 700 people. Findings included a decision for affirmation and inclusion that resulted in the congregation being discharged from the denomination. There was significant impact on the ministry including the loss of membership and finances. Additionally, ministries of inclusion are enhanced as formerly marginalized populations are now central to the congregation.
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Kreis, Maria Clara, and Debra W. Moore. "The Phenomenon of Generational Cohort Differences in Life Satisfaction Reports." International Journal of Psychological Studies 14, no. 2 (March 30, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v14n2p1.
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The subjective well-being within society continues to be a focus in psychology, especially during the COVID 19 pandemic. The Life Satisfaction Scale for Apostolic Women Religious (LSSAWR) is designed to assess, across generations and congregations, the subjective well-being of Catholic Sisters worldwide. Sisters completing the LSSAWR online get a personal score report, and each congregation receives their LSSAWR scores in a Congregational Report (CR). The anonymous and confidential nature of gathering and reporting results, allows for honest feedback from Sisters about the current state of their community, and it provides insights for the potential planning of their preferred future. Additionally, CRs offer generational cohort comparisons across and within the domains that are reflective of various aspects as related to religious life. A multilevel model to account for clustering of Sisters within congregations was used to examine whether generational differences existed in LSSAWR scores. Results revealed significantly higher scores among elder cohorts as compared to younger cohorts but some differences in patterns among domain scores.
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Polson, Edward C., and Kevin D. Dougherty. "Worshiping across the Color Line: The Influence of Congregational Composition on Whites’ Friendship Networks and Racial Attitudes." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 5, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649218757804.
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Religious participation has reinforced the color line in American society for generations. Despite rising racial and ethnic diversity across U.S. communities, most Americans continue to belong to congregations composed primarily of others from their own racial/ethnic groups. Yet recent scholarship suggests that the presence of multiple racial or ethnic groups in the same congregation is increasing. The authors examine how the racial/ethnic composition of U.S. congregations is related to white attenders’ friendship networks and comfort with other racial/ethnic groups (i.e., blacks, Hispanics, and Asians). Using national survey data, the authors find that whites in multiracial congregations report more diverse friendship networks and higher levels of comfort with nonwhites than do whites in nonmultiracial congregations. However, the influence of worshipping with another race/ethnicity seems to be most pronounced for whites in congregations with Hispanics. Moreover, neighbors and friends of other races have more impact on whites’ friendship networks and attitudes than do congregations. The authors discuss implications of these findings for understanding U.S. intergroup relations and the potential of congregations to address the color line.
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Stolz, Jörg, and Christophe Monnot. "Does establishment suppress the political activities of religious congregations? Evidence from Switzerland." Politics and Religion 13, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 28–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048319000105.
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AbstractEstablishment of churches is a central feature of the church-state regime in most European countries, and understanding the nature of such privileges is of key importance for both theoretical and political reasons. Yet, there is little empirical research on how establishment influences the organizational behavior of congregations. This article looks at this question by focusing on one relationship in one geographical context: we investigate whether establishment suppresses the political activities of congregations in Switzerland or not. We identify mechanisms that might lead establishment to suppress the political activities of congregations, and other mechanisms that might enhance such activities. We use representative National Congregation Study Data from Switzerland. Our results are unequivocal: establishment does not suppress the political activities of congregations. The level of establishment of the canton has no significant impact either on established congregations or on the religious field as a whole. Rather than establishment, important determinants of the political activities of congregations are religious tradition and income.
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McClure, Jennifer M. "Homophily and Social Capital in a Network of Religious Congregations." Religions 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12080653.
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This article investigates the relationship between homophily, the tendency for relationships to be more common among similar actors, and social capital in a social network of religious congregations from eight counties encompassing and surrounding a major metropolitan area in the southeastern United States. This network is inter-congregational, consisting of congregations and the relationships between them. Two types of social capital are investigated: the first involves the extent to which congregations bridge across structural holes, or bridge together otherwise disconnected congregations within the network; secondly, network closure involves the extent to which congregations are embedded in tight-knit clusters. Analyses use two types of homophily (religious and racial) to predict both outcomes, and they test linear and curvilinear relationships between both forms of homophily and the outcomes. Results indicate that congregations with moderate levels of religious homophily are more likely to bridge between otherwise disconnected congregations; however, congregations with low or high religious homophily as well as congregations with high racial homophily are more likely to be embedded in tight-knit relational clusters. This article contributes additional social network research on congregations and evidence of curvilinear relationships between homophily and social capital to the fields of social network analysis and sociology of religion.
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Deal, Heather E. "Christian Congregations and Social and Political Action: A Review of the Literature." Social Work & Christianity 49, no. 3 (December 14, 2022): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.34043/swc.v49i3.303.
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Movements like Black Lives Matter, immigration, and the ever-widening income gap have ignited the conversation on social justice activism and Christian congregations (Miller & Polson, 2019). For social workers, congregations are valuable sites to develop stronger, more inclusive, and more just societies (Miller & Polson, 2019). There is significant research on Christian congregations that are active in social justice work--the types of work they do, motivations to engage, and the types of congregations who choose to engage. This review of literature focuses on the history of Christian congregational social justice activism, social service provision, understanding why congregations become involved in social justice work, creates the distinction between social service provision and political action, and which congregations are typically involved in social justice work. Social justice activism and activities are those that go beyond offering social service programs and who have a political activity sphere and focuses on systems change.
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Silitonga, Roedy, Janice Veronica, Timothy Malvin, and Hans Christian. "Refleksi Teologis Gereja Dan Kewiraushaan Jemaat Di Masa Pandemik Coronaviruses Disease 2019." Manna Rafflesia 8, no. 1 (October 31, 2021): 77–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.38091/man_raf.v8i1.203.
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The church conducts entrepreneurship for the congregation and the community as one of the fulfillment of cultural mandates. One form of church social service is congregational entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the pandemic has made it difficult for the congregation to meet the needs of daily life. Therefore, the church as an institutionalized individual and community is responsible for carrying out concrete social services through entrepreneurship. This research is a theological response for the church to address the pandemic conditions specifically related to entrepreneurship. This paper uses the literature study method and theological reflection approach. The results of this study are the formation and increase of entrepreneurship managed by congregations and churches in the COVID-19 pandemic area.
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Sianipar, Rikardo, and Herifeka. "PERAN GEMBALA MENURUT YOHANES 21:15-17 STUDI KASUS DI GBI BIG JAKARTA." Way Jurnal Teologi dan Kependidikan 6, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54793/teologi-dan-kependidikan.v6i2.35.
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This research aims to clearly understand the role of the pastor in a biblical manner in GBI BIG Jakarta, so that it is carried out in increasing, providing spiritual food, and visits, within the congregation. The role of the pastor is very important for the spiritual growth of the church, so that it is in accordance with the Word of God so that the congregation will grow and mature spiritually that is good and true. At GBI Bless Impact Generation, the pastor always provides healthy benefits to open the congregation's insight about the Word of God. This research was conducted using descriptive methods, focusing on an object by studying a case. The researcher concluded that the role of pastors in GBI Bless Impact Generation is carried out by learning and being able to change congregations to practice God's truth. The congregation can be nurtured and the shepherding goes well.
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Vermeer, Paul, and Peer Scheepers. "Bloeiende evangelische kerken in Nederland." Religie & Samenleving 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 22–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54195/rs.12105.
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This study tries to account for the relative success of six thriving evangelical congregations in the Netherlands. Data gathered among the audiences of these evangelical congregations as well as among a representative sample of the Dutch population are analyzed in view of the following research questions: (1) What was the previous religious affiliation of the current members of these evangelical congregations? and (2) Which decisive factors determined the switch from previous affiliation to current membership of these congregations? Results show that these congregations are populated by a considerable proportion of ‘mainline’ Protestant as well as orthodox Protestant switchers and by an almost equal proportion of previously unaffiliated converts. As regards the second question, results show, that the decision of these switchers and converts to join an evangelical congregation is mainly driven by the religious switching of the partner and to a lesser extent by individual religious concerns.
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Hill, Erin, and Gaynor Yancey. "Trauma and Congregations: The Importance of Trauma Sensitivity in Local Religious Congregations." Social Work & Christianity 49, no. 2 (August 29, 2022): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34043/swc.v49i2.191.
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Local congregations are vital resources within communities. They serve an important function in the lives of community members and especially those who have experienced trauma. This article examines current literature about the interaction between faith communities and trauma, the reasons why it is valuable for local congregations to understand trauma, and the role that faith and congregations can have in helping individuals who have experienced trauma. Rather than focusing on the role of faith in the healing of trauma (which is a separate area of study), this article focuses on the importance of positively creating congregational systems to be mindful of those who have experienced trauma. There is a significant gap in the current literature on how congregations can be trauma sensitive
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Wykes, David L. "After the Happy Union: Presbyterians and Independents in the Provinces." Studies in Church History 32 (1996): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400015461.
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The Glorious Revolution encouraged Presbyterians to hope for comprehension within the Church of England. The failure of those hopes led them to co-operate more closely with their Congregational brethren. In London the earliest practical outcome of this increased co-operation was the Common Fund, which held its first meeting in June 1690. Controlled by managers drawn from both denominations, the Fund was established to offer financial help to poor ministers, congregations, and students who lived in the provinces. A scheme for uniting the two ministries, the Happy Union, set out in the ‘Heads of Agreement’, was adopted a year later on 6 April 1691, but within months this union had dissolved amidst bitter dissension. In less than four years all the schemes for co-operation between Presbyterians and Congregationals had collapsed in London. Nevertheless, co-operation between Presbyterians and Independents, and even the ideals of the Happy Union, continued in the provinces long after the failure in London. In part this was because the desire for a union between the two denominations was widely held throughout the country; indeed the earliest agreement was made by an Assembly of West Country ministers at Bristol in June 1690, nearly a year before the ‘Heads of Agreement’ were adopted in London. Moreover, in many localities following toleration, Presbyterians and Independents still came together in one meeting as a result of the earlier persecution and because of their loyalty to a particular minister. Where dissent was strong, such as in London and the major towns, separate congregations for Presbyterians and Congregational were likely; but where dissent was weaker, particularly in the countryside, congregations included members from both denominations. In these circumstances, members had to accept a minister who did not necessarily share their own denominational preferences. During the first two decades of the eighteenth century the majority of these joint congregations were to divide, as (in most cases) the smaller body of Congregational supporters withdrew to establish their own meetings. There had, however, been more than twenty years of co-operation in many areas in the period following the collapse of the Happy Union in London, and in a few cases such arrangements even continued until the early nineteenth century. There is evidence from at least two congregations, at Leicester and Chesterfield, of a formal agreement to settle the differences between the two denominations. The Happy Union and its failure in London has been the subject of a number of studies, but by contrast the continuing co-operation between Presbyterians and Independents in the provinces has received little detailed attention.
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Wiratama, Jansen, and Ririn Ikana Desanti. "Analysis and Design of Web-Based Information System for Church Congregations Case Study: Church BNKP Pewarta." Ultima InfoSys : Jurnal Ilmu Sistem Informasi 12, no. 2 (April 12, 2022): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/si.v12i2.2403.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, worship activities at the Church were limited. The lack of preparation and data collection on the congregations who visit to worship regularly every week increases the risk of transmission. It needs to be minimized and anticipated. One effort that can be made to reduce this risk is to collect data on the health condition of the congregation who will attend worship. The data collection process is recorded in writing on the attendance list. This requires an iterative approach to be updated and creates a build-up to the attendance record. In addition, media information about the BNKP Pewarta Church activities is not yet available. To overcome this problem, a congregational data collection information system is needed to store congregation data and provide general information about the BNKP Pewarta Church. In designing this Congregation Data Collection Information System, the design method used is the Web Development Life Cycle (WDLC). This information system website design can store Church congregation data and present general Church information.
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Moss, Thylias. "Congregations." Callaloo 13, no. 4 (1990): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2931344.
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Thumma, Scott L. "Exploring the Dynamics and Challenges of Congregational Size." Theology Today 78, no. 3 (October 2021): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405736211030245.
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This article explores several dimensions of the current realities of size in US congregations. Drawing on the Faith Communities Today 2020 national research effort, the differences between various size groupings of congregations are explored. For each of the five size groupings, from under 50 attendees to over 1,500 worshippers, the article highlights survey results showing the benefits and challenges associated with each size cluster and implications for congregational flourishing. The article further examines the twofold dynamic of the rapid decline in smaller congregations and the increased consolidation of a majority of attendees in larger congregations. Using survey data, the article argues that this trend has resulted in considerable growth of the larger communities and rapid decline of the smaller ones.
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Hagley, Scott. "(Re)Placing the Congregation: Fieldwork and Congregational Place-Making." Ecclesial Practices 6, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22144471-00602001.
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Drawing from place-theory, this essay argues for congregations to employ fieldwork as a means to perform the place-making work claimed in a term like ‘contextualization.’ While ‘contextualization’ articulates the importance of locale for Christian identity, ethnographic fieldwork performs the collaborative elements of place-making. Bringing the two fields together, the essay argues for congregations to employ fieldwork as a means for connecting congregational identity with the life of the neighbourhood.
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Harris, Helen, Gaynor I. Yancey, Kimberly Dawson, and Jess Gregory. "Congregational Discernment and LGBTQ+ Inclusion: Process Lessons from 21 Congregations." Religions 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12010025.
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The question of LGBTQ+ inclusion in churches is rapidly becoming an open conversation in congregations and denominations seeking answers in policy and practice. As society is engaging the question of LGBTQ+ rights in the courts, denominations are addressing LGBTQ+ inclusion, and as increasing numbers of LGBTQ+ Christians come out in their faith communities, church members and their churches, with their religious structures, are called on to take positions, often in the absence of agreement. In background research and 97 interviews with leaders and members of 21 congregations in three denominations, a research team discovered processes, models for conversation, and resources to address the risks of division and changes in membership and finances. In the following article, the authors include findings and resources from congregations, process models, and suggestions and possibilities for families of faith considering how to move forward in addressing one of the more pressing and divisive issues in the church.
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Aji Setiawan, Oktavianus Bima, and S. M. SANTI WINARSIH. "SISTEM PENGOLAHAN DATA JEMAAT GKJ KISMOREJO BERBASIS WEB." Jurnal Bina Komputer 3, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/binakomputer.v3i1.1209.
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The problems faced by GKJ Kismorejo currently are still using Microsoft Office Word and in disseminating information such as data on congregations that are still active or not active, information on congregations who died, congregational marriages, and other congregational data through paper-based congregations. To print church messages and reports requires a large amount of operational funds. In addition, data collection and storage still have shortcomings, including recording some data in books, difficulties in processing large amounts of data and storing it in only one place. For this reason, the authors raise the background of the problems that occur, the authors are interested in conducting research with the title Designing Data Processing Systems for Web-Based GKJ Kismorejo Congregation. The purpose of this research is to design and produce a data processing system for the church. Using this system can facilitate data processing in the church.
Keywords: web, data processing, operational
Permasalahan yang dihadapi GKJ Kismorejo saat ini masih menggunakan Microsoft Office Word dan dalam penyebaran informasi seperti data jemaat yang masih aktif atau sudah tidak aktif, informasi jemaat meninggal dunia, pernikahaan jemaat, dan data jemaat lainnya melalui warta jemaat yang berbasis kertas. Untuk mencetak warta jemaat dan laporan membutuhkan dana operasional cukup besar. Selain itu pengumpulan dan penyimpanan data masih terdapat kekurangan di antaranya mencatat beberapa data pada buku, kesulitan untuk mengolah data dalam jumlah besar dan tersimpan hanya pada satu tempat. Untuk itu penulis mengangkat latar belakang dari permasalahan yang terjadi, penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan judul Perancangan Sistem Pengolahan Data Kegiatan Jemaat GKJ Kismorejo Berbasis Web. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk merancang dan menghasilkan suatu sistem pengolahan data untuk gereja. Dengan menggunakan sistem ini dapat memudahkan dalam pengolahan data dalam gereja.
Kata kunci : web, pengolahan data,operasional
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Bredefeldt, Rita. "Naming customs as an indication of assimilation: a study of first names in the two Jewish congregations of Stockholm and Malmö 1895–1921." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 21, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2000): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69570.
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Jews in both congregations wanted to mark their will to integrate into Swedish society. In this case, the congregation milieu was not of decisive importance. We can see a drop in Jewish names shortly after the most intensive immigration period of Orthodox Eastern Jews in both Malmö and Stockholm. Non-Jewish names dominate strongly in the congregation of Stockholm because of its long history and liberal traditions. The difference between generations is a similar phenomenon in both congregations. The parents had more often Jewish names than their children and this was more so in Malmö than in Stockholm. Another similarity between the congregations is the gender difference. Fathers and sons had more often Jewish names than mothers and daughters. In this case, it seems that in the long run, the Jewish minority wanted to be much like the Swedish majority. While some still marked their Jewish identity with a Jewish name, a growing group marked its will of integration and assimilation.
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Somlai, Anton M., Timothy G. Heckman, Jeffrey A. Kelly, Gregg W. Mulry, and Kenneth E. Multhauf. "The Response of Religious Congregations to the Spiritual Needs of People Living with HIV/AIDS." Journal of Pastoral Care 51, no. 4 (December 1997): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234099705100405.
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Investigates the perceptions and responses of members of five diverse religious congregations to the spiritual needs of people living with AIDS, the impact of AIDS on membership participation, and the beliefs held by different congregations regarding AIDS. Evaluates and compares the AIDS-related perceptions of 204 participants in five congregations (Buddhists, Catholic, Fundamental Christians, Protestants, and Unitarians). Results indicated that congregations differed in how their members responded to the spiritual needs of people living with HIV/AIDS, the level of influence AIDS had on membership participation in formal religions, and whether AIDS was seen as the result of sinful behavior or divine retribution. Concludes that the congregational differences appeared consistent with the core beliefs of the faith communities. Suggests that clergy and congregations need to take specific steps to provide spiritual support to people living with HIV/AIDS consistent with their history of caregiving to all people regardless of the crisis situation.
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Dobrin, Arthur. "Secrets and Pastoral Counseling." International Journal of Philosophical Practice 1, no. 3 (2002): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijpp20021310.
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It is more difficult for clergy to personally cope with confidentiality than any other profession because of the complex relationships found within congregational settings and the blurred boundaries between clergy as counselors and clergy as leaders of congregations. This leads to difficult negotiations regarding confidentiality and openness between clergy and other congregants. It is especially difficult for married clergy who otherwise value candor in their spousal relationship. Guidelines for clergy regarding confidentiality include the presumption of confidentiality, the sharing of information with colleagues only for purposes of furthering the counseling and for professional enhancement. Clergy need to educate the congregation regarding clergy codes of conduct.
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Martias, Indra, and Ulfa Hanum. "Edukasi Dan Penggunaan Alat Handsanitizer Menggunakan Pedal Kaki Pada Jemaah Mesjid Dalam Upaya Mencegah Penyebaran Virus Corona (COVID-19) Kota Tanjungpinang." Jurnal Salam Sehat Masyarakat (JSSM) 2, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jssm.v2i2.13612.
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The sanitation conditions of the mosque that do not meet the requirements have the potential to become a medium for disease transmission and can cause new problems in the surrounding environment. Like the corona virus/covid-19, it can be transmitted through the interaction of the congregation who come to the mosque. The purpose of community service is to provide education to mosque congregations about the corona virus (Covid -19), about the benefits of using a hand sanitizer using a foot pedal to avoid the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The implementation method is designed through several stages including the preparation stage, activity plan, partner participation and activity relevance. The results of this community service include: the community service team held an educational program for managers/marbouts and mosque congregations about the practice of cleaning hands using a hand sanitizer. The hand sanitizer device using a foot pedal is an appropriate technology where its operation does not use a touch of the hand so as to minimize germ/virus contact among mosque congregations. This activity is carried out focusing on health education, so it is hoped that mosque congregations can transmit information to family members at home, so as to create a better household PHBS order. It is hoped that mosque managers can convey information about health protocols in the era of adapting new habits to all mosque congregations. If a positive case of COVID-19 is found in the congregation of the mosque, they will immediately coordinate with the Puskesmas and the Health Office to immediately trace the positive confirmed case.
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Ganiel, Gladys. "Is the Multiracial Congregation an Answer to the Problem of Race? Comparative Perspectives from South Africa and the USA." Journal of Religion in Africa 38, no. 3 (2008): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006608x323478.
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AbstractThis paper uses a comparative perspective to analyze how multiracial congregations may contribute to racial reconciliation in South Africa. Drawing on the large-scale study of multiracial congregations in the USA by Emerson et al., it examines how they help transform antagonistic identities and make religious contributions to wider reconciliation processes. It compares the American research to an ethnographic study of a congregation in Cape Town, identifying cross-national patterns and South African distinctives, such as discourses about restitution, AIDS, inequality and women. The extent that multiracial congregations can contribute to reconciliation in South Africa is linked to the content of their worship and discourses, but especially to their ability to dismantle racially aligned power structures.
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Wood Daly, Mike. "Dollars and $ense: Uncovering the Socio-Economic Benefit of Religious Congregations in Canada." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 49, no. 4 (May 13, 2020): 587–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429820921498.
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Since the earliest days of religious worship, houses of worship have stood as symbols of meaning and value. In Canada, the social, spiritual and communal value of local worshipping congregations has long been accepted. Despite this widespread qualitative acknowledgement, few studies have considered the economic impact that these congregations provide directly to their surrounding communities. Drawing on recent research in the United States, this article offers the first quantitative national estimate of the socio-economic value of these religious congregations to Canadian society. This study offers insight into the socio-economic benefit, or “Halo Effect”, that Canadian congregations and places of worship have on their surrounding communities. The article offers two estimates, ranging in economic scope from the basic impact of congregational spending, to a more generous figure resulting from the application of Social Return on Investment (SROI) models.
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Mundey, Peter, David P. King, and Brad R. Fulton. "The economic practices of US congregations: A review of current research and future opportunities." Social Compass 66, no. 3 (June 4, 2019): 400–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768619852230.
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Religious congregations in the US receive substantially more philanthropic contributions than any other category of organizations, yet little research has investigated how congregations receive, manage, and spend these donations. Although the economic practice of religious giving has been researched extensively, most of this research has focused on individuals or households, seeking to explain why people give to religious organizations. Relatively little research has examined the recipients of religious giving to determine how giving works within and affects these organizations. This review examines studies in the field of congregational finances, assesses available sources of data on congregations’ economic practices, and concludes with recommendations for new avenues of research in this field.
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Harris, Margaret. "Quiet Care: Welfare Work and Religious Congregations." Journal of Social Policy 24, no. 1 (January 1995): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400024521.
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ABSTRACTThe potential of non-governmental agencies as providers of welfare services is increasingly recognised but little attention has been given to the welfare-providing role of religious congregations. This article draws on four case studies to describe and analyse the range of congregational welfare activities. Six types of welfare work are distinguished: welfare projects, indirect welfare work, informal care, informal care in an organised framework, mutual aid and social integration. Distinctive features of congregational welfare work are identified. The article concludes by discussing the implications of the findings and considering whether there is scope for expanding the contribution of congregations to the mixed economy of welfare.
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Sihombing, Riana Udurman, and Rahel Rati Sarungallo. "Deskriptif Penggembalaan Yang Sehat Menurut Kitab Titus Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jemaat GPSI Wilayah I." Journal KERUSSO 4, no. 2 (September 17, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33856/kerusso.v4i2.108.
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The growth of a church is not instant. Expected growth cannot be separated from the influence of comprehensive teaching from a pastor and other instructors, the true growth process of the Church is inseparable from a way that is through discipleship, so that the congregation that he pastors may grow in quality and quantity to lead to the expected maturity by Christ.In fact in the church where the researchers joined, namely GPSI Shekinah Samarinda, the Assumption found several problems regarding the commitment of the congregation in GPSI Region I Samarinda. A temporary assumption is that not a few local church congregations do not reside or in other words like to move around church denominations.This is a sign that there is a problem with the so-called effect of a healthy shepherding on the growth of local congregations. This temporary assumption needs to be explored more depth in what causes and how local church congregations who are supposed to comply with local church rules, in fact do not implement and have no commitment to the local church.
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Huard, Samuel. "Decolonizing the convent: Transnationality, North–South domination and sisterhood among the Sisters of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 49, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 564–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429820916157.
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Transnational congregations are ambiguous and complex social spaces as they are both divided (notably around the North–South axis) and united (around a same charism, a same founding figure). This article seeks to understand how sisters from Quebec and Central America belonging to the same transnational congregation construct their interpersonal relations, given that they live in a social field marked by both North–South domination and religious sisterhood. Based on two months of fieldwork within the congregation at the Order’s mother house in Quebec and at some of its mission houses in Honduras, it explores this issue through a brief presentation of the history of the congregation and an analysis of the discourses of the sisters interviewed. It concludes that the intra-congregational relationships are rooted in the continuous negotiation between the verticality of North–South domination and the horizontality of sisterhood. In the present context of vocational decline, the congregation faces two options: to decolonize or to remain trapped in contradictions that could stop it from adapting to its new reality.
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King, David P. "Faith and Money: What We Know about Congregational Finances." Theology Today 78, no. 3 (October 2021): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405736211030232.
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Scholars and religious leaders know too little about congregational finances, yet they are central to the vitality of faith communities in how they receive, manage, and spend resources. With new comprehensive data from Faith Communities Today 2020, we are able to provide the most comprehensive picture of economic practices among congregations. In interpreting these findings, we reflect upon core questions for the current and future vitality of congregations.
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Brits, Hans J. "’n Ondersoek na ’n gemeente se aanbiddingsvoorkeure om lidmaatdeelname ten opsigte van sang en musiek te bevorder binne die raamwerk van ses aanbiddingsmodelle." STJ | Stellenbosch Theological Journal 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17570/stj.2016.v2n2.a08.
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Examining the worship preference of a congregation in order to enhance worshippers’ participation in song and music within the framework of six worship modelsThe important role of music and singing within the dialogue of the liturgy should never be underestimated. It is imperative for any congregation to understand its members’ preference to liturgical song and music. Knowledge gained from this understanding can assist congregations to make informed decisions with regard to the different forms and genres of church music and hymns which may enhance worshippers’ participation. This article reflects on a study that was conducted at a Dutch Reformed congregation to investigate the worship preferences with specific reference to church music and hymns, based on six worship models. The study is performed from a reformed perspective and can be used as a conceptual framework by congregations that have a similar need to ensure improved worship participation.
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Bundy, PhD, Sarah J. "Religious congregations in disaster response." Journal of Emergency Management 13, no. 6 (February 25, 2016): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2015.0262.
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Knowledge of whether or not religious congregations are indeed involved in disaster response and—if involved—in what tasks and activities they are engaged is important for the planning and management of disaster response. Although limited in generalizability of findings based on methodologies used, a review of the academic literature demonstrates a fairly clear role for religious congregations in disaster recovery activities but does not delineate a distinct role for congregations in response functions. However, anecdotal evidence and limited empirical evidence exists that suggests that religious congregations might and could play a role in preimpact response activities, including warning, precautionary action, and evacuation, as well as in postimpact response activities associated with providing for the welfare of survivors. The research literature also provides predictors of congregational involvement, as well as a number of barriers and limitations to involvement. This involvement—or lack thereof—has implications for both the discipline and practice of emergency management.
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Harris, Helen, and Gaynor I. Yancey. "The Why and How of Congregational Discernment in LGBTQ+ Inclusion: Models in the Literature." Religions 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12010014.
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Through the years, people of faith and their congregations have encountered social issues without easy answers. From racism, women’s rights, and poverty to the current divisions over abortion and human sexuality, the church has wrestled with difficult subjects impacting policy and practice. In the United States of America (USA/US), the question of LGBTQ+ inclusion in churches is an increasingly frequent conversation, point of decision, and sometimes point of division in congregations. As these challenging social issues in a politically polarized USA culture impact the church, there is also a focus in the literature on methods for civil conversation. This article reports on models for conversations that provide guidance for congregations engaging in difficult conversations including that of LGBTQ+ inclusion. In this article, congregations and others are provided with resources and models for discernment. Models covered include those developed by individual Christian leaders, those developed in congregational processes, and those developed for public and educational discourse.
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Hutabarat, Bernard Maruli, Stimpson Hutagalung, Alvyn Cesarianto Hendriks, and Rolyana Ferinia. "The effect of pastoral assistance programs on mental health and resilience of congregational members who lost their jobs during the Covid-19 pandemic." KONSELI : Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling (E-Journal) 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/kons.v9i1.11656.
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This study aimed to determine the effect of the pastoral care program on the mental health and resilience of church members who lost their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used is quantitative using the Correlated T-test data analysis technique. The research found that the pastoral assistance program applied to congregations who lost their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant positive effect on mental health. Likewise, the results of the analysis of the pastoral assistance program applied to congregations who lost their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic on the resilience of church congregations. So it can be said that there is a significant effect of the pastoral assistance program on the mental health and resilience of the congregation who lost their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pastoral assistance programs are essential to provide, considering their various functions that impact mental health and provide a complete self-understanding for the community. The congregation is to be able to have resilient behavior where this is important to adapt and lead a normal lifestyle despite losing a job during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Turpin, Katherine. "Religious Education beyond Congregational Settings." Religions 9, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9110348.
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Religious educational literature in the United States often presumes the congregation as the primary context for the work of faith formation. Given the reduction of institutional affiliation and participation in Christian congregations, this assumption makes approaches to religious education requiring an identity-bearing community of affiliation less relevant. Several emerging models of religious education eschew the community provided by formal religious institutions for more provisional, radically contextualized communal approaches to religious education. These approaches spark a different and important imagination for religious education beyond congregations, embedded in provisional communities of solidarity and engagement.
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Olson, Daniel V. A., and David Caddell. "Generous Congregations, Generous Givers: Congregational Contexts That Stimulate Individual Giving." Review of Religious Research 36, no. 2 (December 1994): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3511407.
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