Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conformité juridique'
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Fournier, Aurore. "La réception juridique en droit privé." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10047.
Full textIn an adversarial context, the acceptance of performance declares free of conformity defects and free of apparent defects the subject and performance of the service characteristic of the contract or a service essential to its performance. The regulated expression of will developing a divestitive effect and a creating effect makes its qualification as a legal act genuine. As a fundamental step in the contractual performance, this mechanism used in several conventions and several fields ensures a balanced protection of each participant's interests, meaning on one side a release and on the other side a verification. The disclosure of a general law of the acceptance of performance, which implies the definition of the concept and its constituent elements, the determination of its consequences and the confirmation of its qualification as a legal act, prompts to more strictness in the use of the acceptance of performance to preserve the balance its ensures
Vallier, Romain. "La conformité environnementale, une politique juridique au service de la performance globale de l’entreprise." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0028/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis consists of wondering how companies lead their legal politics to get a global performance. In other words, it will be advisable to demonstrate that environmental regulations and voluntary environmental standards which companies and States try to conform, can improve at the same time their environmental protection, their competitiveness, and to a lesser extent their social performance. This environmental compliance has taken a particular development since the big economic phenomena led by the globalization. The globalization is characterized since the 1970s by the advent of an opened market economy in which companies circulate freely from a country to another. This economy is particularly based on free trade of properties, services, technologies, capital, as well as on free circulation of companies themselves. But globalization had led to a serious environmental degradation. In order to meet these challenges as operationally as possible, countries have put regulations and voluntary standards with a view to regulating firms’ activities, that form the basis of a environmental compliance legal policy undertaken by these companies. These companies are trying to adapt to those legal mechanisms in order to better protect the environment, but also to become more competitive
Vallier, Romain. "La conformité environnementale, une politique juridique au service de la performance globale de l’entreprise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0028.
Full textThe aim of the thesis consists of wondering how companies lead their legal politics to get a global performance. In other words, it will be advisable to demonstrate that environmental regulations and voluntary environmental standards which companies and States try to conform, can improve at the same time their environmental protection, their competitiveness, and to a lesser extent their social performance. This environmental compliance has taken a particular development since the big economic phenomena led by the globalization. The globalization is characterized since the 1970s by the advent of an opened market economy in which companies circulate freely from a country to another. This economy is particularly based on free trade of properties, services, technologies, capital, as well as on free circulation of companies themselves. But globalization had led to a serious environmental degradation. In order to meet these challenges as operationally as possible, countries have put regulations and voluntary standards with a view to regulating firms’ activities, that form the basis of a environmental compliance legal policy undertaken by these companies. These companies are trying to adapt to those legal mechanisms in order to better protect the environment, but also to become more competitive
Sato, Yae. "L' encadrement juridique de la mise en conformité dans le règlement des différends de l'OMC." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010320.
Full textForget, Elisabeth. "L'investissement éthique : analyse juridique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA017.
Full textEthical investment is based on non-financial criteria: the investor expects a return on the investment while pursuing a non-material objective, based on the respect of certain values. Ethics bring a nuance, which impacts the set of rules for this type of investment. It establishes the content of the investment policy and requires financial intermediaries to inform investors adequately. It also forces them to ensure ethical compliance of the investment to its ending. Ethical investment, however, is not limited to this. By adopting a consequentialist approach, investors can engage with issuers to defend their values. From a theoretical point of view, this shareholder activism highlights the failure of traditional theories to define the purpose of companies. Because the concept of “intérêt social”, which the French doctrine struggles to define, leads to a deadlock, a cross-disciplinary approach, the Stakeholder Theory, should be preferred
Techa-Apikun, Aimpaga. "La protection juridique du consommateur acquéreur de bien : étude comparative (Thaïlande, Malaisie, Singapour, Union européenne)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1082.
Full textProtecting the rights of consumers is a key issue to achieve the balance between all stakeholders benefiting from expanding market without borders. Currently, cooperation on the issue among the ASEAN member countries has been established; however, a further and analytical study on the topic is needed. A comparative reflection on states' internal mechanism of the protection of interests of consumers who possess goods will provide an insightful knowledge of current situation both in terms of legal instruments and facts. These are important factors for the development of consumer protection.This study is to analyse the internal legal systems applicable to the three selected countries which are Malaysia , Singapore and Thailand , aiming at protecting consumers' economic interests against the problem of non -conformity of goods to legitimate expectation. Although the three selected countries differ from each other in terms of the form of government and legal system, they share one thing in common; integrating the concept of protecting the interests of consumers in their law for over ten years. Our comparative reflections on the three countries' mechanisms, the regional mechanisms and the EU mechanisms exhibit similarity and disparity of law between the three countries and thus propose a solution to reduce these differences
Taheri, Sojasi Yousef. "Modeling automated legal and ethical compliance for trustworthy AI." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS225.
Full textThe advancements in artificial intelligence have led to significant legal and ethical issues related to privacy, bias, accountability, etc. In recent years, many regulations have been put in place to limit or mitigate the risks associated with AI. Compliance with these regulations are necessary for the reliability of AI systems and to ensure that they are being used responsibly. In addition, reliable AI systems should also be ethical, ensuring alignment with ethical norms. Compliance with applicable laws and adherence to ethical principles are essential for most AI applications. We investigate this problem from the point of view of AI agents. In other words, how an agent can ensure the compliance of its actions with legal and ethical norms. We are interested in approaches based on logical reasoning to integrate legal and ethical compliance in the agent's planning process. The specific domain in which we pursue our objective is the processing of personal data. i.e., the agent's actions involve the use and processing of personal data. A regulation that applies in such a domain is the General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR). In addition, processing of personal data may entail certain ethical risks with respect to privacy or bias.We address this issue through a series of contributions presented in this thesis. We start with the issue of GDPR compliance. We adopt Event Calculus with Answer Set Programming(ASP) to model agents' actions and use it for planning and checking the compliance with GDPR. A policy language is used to represent the GDPR obligations and requirements. Then we investigate the issue of ethical compliance. A pluralistic ordinal utility model is proposed that allows one to evaluate actions based on moral values. This model is based on multiple criteria and uses voting systems to aggregate evaluations on an ordinal scale. We then integrate this utility model and the legal compliance framework in a Hierarchical Task Network(HTN) planner. In this contribution, legal norms are considered hard constraints and ethical norm as soft constraint. Finally, as a last step, we further explore the possible combinations of legal and ethical compliance with the planning agent and propose a unified framework. This framework captures the interaction and conflicts between legal and ethical norms and is tested in a use case with AI systems managing the delivery of health care items
Philip, Aude. "Étude des aspects juridiques et vétérinaires de la conformité : l'exemple des ventes de chevaux de sport." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3041/document.
Full textConformity is the most fundamental element to be studied when it's reffered to the legal regim of horse trade. Indeed, its contour lines and its matter are different by socio-professionnal categorie involved in these kind of operations. Lawyers have a broad interpretation of conformity derived from consumer law, or more exactly the right to consume. Veterinarians see conformity as a break to their own professional practice of purchase exams. How to certify an animal, a living being before anything else ? How certify a sports horse will be complied with its new owner's expectations ? Horse salers are more and more worried about the consequence of a back to the stables of an unsaleable horse and about effects of sale agreement's resolution on the stud-farm cash position. The essential question is what constitutes conformity. Is it possible to have a common definition of conformity between the protagonists of sports horse sales ? Is the use the only determining criterion of conformity in sports horse sales ? Finally and espacially, is it good to continue to apply consumer law to sports horse sales ? Indeed, the interests of veterinarians and breeders is it not to exclude animals from consumer goods ?
Béringuié, Corinne. "La mise en conformité de l'acte." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10002.
Full textThe compliance consists in the objective correction of vitiated deed. It avoids or replaces uselessness or dissolution of the same because some of its conditions of validity have not been combined when formed or do not exist any more during its performance. Theorically, the admission of the compliance seems to be the fact that validation of the deed, that is to say its late accession to validity, is equivalent to original validity. From a practical point of view, the compliance has appeared in order first to avoid the negative consequences of the annihilation of the deed, secondly because it is the only appropriate sanction to rules aiming not at the annihilation of the deed, but at its maintenance, by adapting it towards the meaning imposed by the legislator. This observation leads us to determine the different fields of annihilation and compliance. It was then suitable to take an interest in the juridical system of the compliance. Even if this is a changing technique since it covers some distinctive processes, it obeys a common juridical system, apart from some peculiarities inherent to each process. The analysis of its conditions, of its performance, of its effects do testify it
Satan, Ali. "Les dispositifs juridiques de lutte contre le terrorisme et les garanties des droits fondamentaux, le cas de la France et des pays du Golfe." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D089.
Full textIn the context of our study, we found that despite a certain degree of conformity of national and regional legislation with the UN strategy and the international conventions on the fight against terrorism, the fact remains that the effectiveness of these texts is relative, despite their number. The proof is the proliferation of terrorist attacks around the world and particularly in France. Indeed, in France, as elsewhere in the world, anti-terrorist measures are taken in the aftermath of the attacks, often under the effect of emotion and with the intention of calming and reassuring the population. However, we do not fight terrorism under the emotion or just to make the buzz and calm the spirits. In reality, only political will, far from economic interests and political calculations, can help deal with the terrorist phenomenon. Moreover, nobody knows, the causes and sources of terrorism are well identified and repressive is surely not the solution. Fighting terrorism means fighting its homes first. Worse still, the repressive and the adoption of measures undermining fundamental rights only feeds terrorism. Indeed, we have noted that in order to confront terrorism, states have put in place policies based on measures that infringe on fundamental rights. They are simply repressive policies where the rights of the accused are simply wiped out. Yet, terrorism is getting tougher and growing. To fight terrorism we must start by defending fundamental rights and freedoms. Indeed, it is injustice and misery that feeds terrorism
Faintrenie, Nicolas. "L'influence européenne sur l'interprétation des actes juridiques privés." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0111.
Full textWith the case of Pla and Puncernau versus Andorra on 13 July 2004, the European Court of Human Rights has made a dramatic entrance in the supervision of the interpretation of private contracts. Defending a realist conception of law, it developed European Principles of interpretation, which are obligations for national courts. The CJEU largely shares these principles, but has its particularities and it is still reluctant to align with the Strasbourg Court’s supervision. The French judge is itself faced with interpretive guidelines that are simple advice, while the Court of Cassation refused to operate another supervision than the denaturation. Therefore, it is not able to correct the errors committed by the trial judges in particular, and takes the risk to commit a violation of the European law. If the Supreme Court considers by now how to deliver justice in coordination with the European courts, changing the French hermeneutic system faces many obstacles revealing the traditional conception of French law of obligations
Varnav, Mihaela. "La gestion des risques juridiques bancaires : étude appliquée aux obligations d'information, de mise en garde et de conseil." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010281/document.
Full textBanks are exposed to a multitude of risks. In view of the increased focus on European supervision and on consumer protection in the current regulatory framework, it is appropriate to map, evaluate, monitor and control the banking legal risk, as part of the operational risk. For this purpose, the risk management offers the necessary tools to the credit institutions. Its general approach is completely applicable in the legal field and is adapted to the legal requirements on internal supervision, risk management and determination of a balanced and proper level of own funds. Moreover, it provides a new key for the reading of the duties to disclose information, to caution and to advise that the banks have towards their clients. As a genuine expression of the ordo-liberal paradigm, this triple duty demonstrates that the law cannot ignore the social and economic. These duties are useful for the proper functioning of the market and for the social progress, and they are also the sign of a trend towards resetting the balance in contracts, leaving behind the classic concept of theoretical equality between parties to a contract. There are many legal risks in relation to those three requirements of the bank towards its customers, which can have frequent occurrences and very serious consequences. The study of those risks is meant, inter alia, to identify the overregulation, the ambiguities or the lack of regulation in the current legal framework
Glais, Estelle. "Le contrôle français des opérateurs économiques : Pour un meilleur équilibre entre le renforcement de l’action publique et le respect des droits fondamentaux." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G011.
Full textThe powers and enforcement methods used by the french economic control authorities constantly changed since the beginning of the 00s. In many aspects, these new prerogatives and approach have raised concern, as the amount of sanctions imposed to the operators exploded. One of the problems relies in the fact that, willing to foster a quicker and more effective public action, the legislator accepted to give more autonomy to the authorities, especially vis a vis the courts and judges. Thus facilitating the concentration of powers in the sole hands of the control authorities, which in many branches of economical regulation, are now able both to prosecute and impose penalties. However, since 1992, a growing array of fundamental rights have been attributed to the economic operators as legal persons, especially the right to have a fair trial, and to have access to legal recourse. The aim of our research, is to determine how the equilibrium between the law enforcement and the respect of this fundamental rights could be improved. After analysing the different hard spots in the procedures of the french authorities regarding fundamental rights, several solutions are proposed, classified in two categories: Upstream, the measures that could be taken to improve the legal security of economic operators in France ; The more targeted measures to be taken regarding the major hard spots in the authorities powers and procedures
Diarrassouba, Aboubakar Sidiki. "Le principe de connexion entre le droit fiscal et la comptabilité." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020002.
Full textSince the tax reforms of 20th century, the alignment of tax law on private law and accounting gradually became the imperative principle under French law.Concerning business taxation, the principle of book and tax conformity has been established based on scattered provisions, the case law, the majority of tax scholars and the pragmatism of the tax authorities; but specially in the name of the operating unity of the law matching with the tax values such simplicity, legal certainty, taxation in accordance with ability to pay.With regard to the main business taxes, the book tax conformity has very wide reach which is both material and formal.Facing the worldwide adoption of the IASB accounting standards and the harmonization of the direct tax on businesses within the European Union, the French law, despite tension, chose the preservation of the book tax conformity in the process of the convergence of the General accounting plan toward the IAS-IFRS without the account of the optimal tax policy that must aim at broadening the tax base with rates reduction and the reduction of tax conformity costs at least within the EU.In the light of theses canons, legal logic, the example of the US law, the potentialities of a disconnection must be explored namely the current EU project of CCCTB, backed by France, based on a broad and autonomous tax base ; a fiscal balance sheet election; the reduction of transversal tax concepts
Bouchet, Marthe. "La validité substantielle de la norme pénale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020049.
Full textThe valid criminal norm is the one that is able to have a legal impact. It allows for the commencement of a prosecution, the imposition of a sanction, and the enforcement of sentences. Firstly, we had to demonstrate what seems manifest: far from being only a matter of respecting the formal requirements, the validity of a criminal norm depends directly on its compliance to substantial requirements that are contained in the French Constitution and the European conventions. The substantial proportion of the validity is demonstrated in two steps. The entry into force of the criminal rule is at first subordinated to its correct integration in the hierarchy of norms. Then, the improper repressive norms are systematically invalidated. Secondly, the substantial part of the validity of the criminal norm has several consequences that are in some cases beneficial but not in others. Indeed, the principles that substantially determine the validity of the criminal norm make the punishment legitimate. However, the emergence of the judge-made law raises many difficulties in a discipline that yearns for stability. In order to overcome them, it appeared necessary to suggest some key elements of resolution
Bouchet, Marthe. "La validité substantielle de la norme pénale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020049.
Full textThe valid criminal norm is the one that is able to have a legal impact. It allows for the commencement of a prosecution, the imposition of a sanction, and the enforcement of sentences. Firstly, we had to demonstrate what seems manifest: far from being only a matter of respecting the formal requirements, the validity of a criminal norm depends directly on its compliance to substantial requirements that are contained in the French Constitution and the European conventions. The substantial proportion of the validity is demonstrated in two steps. The entry into force of the criminal rule is at first subordinated to its correct integration in the hierarchy of norms. Then, the improper repressive norms are systematically invalidated. Secondly, the substantial part of the validity of the criminal norm has several consequences that are in some cases beneficial but not in others. Indeed, the principles that substantially determine the validity of the criminal norm make the punishment legitimate. However, the emergence of the judge-made law raises many difficulties in a discipline that yearns for stability. In order to overcome them, it appeared necessary to suggest some key elements of resolution
Bouvier, Laure-Alice. "Le Conseil d'Etat et la confection de la loi." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020049.
Full textIf we stick to a formal vision, participation of the Council of State in making the law appearsmalrked by a remarquable permanence and stability since its inception in the year VIII. Acloser examination reveals a more complex truth. Until its constitutionalization in the FifthRepublic, the participation of the Council of State in making the law was faced with theproblem of legitimacy. This is a different issue that the Council of State is currently facing inthe exercise of its legislative function, the one of its expansion in public institutions since theconstitutional revision of the 23th July 2008 which amended its place in the legislativeprocess. As part of its participation in the law, the Council of State has also to deal with thetransformations the legal system has to face today, and in particular the phenomenon ofdiversification of sources of law that controls a necessary adaptation of its organizationalframework, its methods and its analytical framework