Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conformité de Modèles'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 32 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Conformité de Modèles.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Yurchyshyna, Anastasiya. "Modélisation du contrôle de conformité en construction : une approche ontologique." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4011.
Full textIn this work we are interested in modelling the conformity-checking process in the construction domain. The main objective of this research work was to model the process of checking whether a construction project (e. G. Public building) is compliant or not to a set of conformity requirements defined in construction regulations (i. E. A set of conformity constraints extracted from construction-related legal texts). We propose the formalisation of construction projects and conformity constraints, elaborate reasoning mechanisms automating the conformity-checking process by identifying eventual reasons of non-conformity, as well as developing a global conformity-checking model that integrates expert knowledge. By identifying the absence of a structured and explicit model that integrates the whole complexity of the knowledge taking part in the checking process and increases its effectiveness, we have developed a general conformity-checking model that has three main contributions : an ontological approach for the formal representation of knowledge concerning conformity-checking: conformity-checking ontology, conformity requirements, construction project oriented to conformity checking; a method for semantic annotation and organisation of conformity queries that integrates domain knowledge; modelling of the process of the conformity-checking adopted by checking engineers, which is based on matchings of project annotations and conformity queries and on scheduling of conformity queries for effective checking. The results of our research have been validated by the development of the web application that uses the semantic engine CORESE and the environment SeWeSe/Tomcat for the development of Semantic Web applications. The knowledge is formalised in the languages RDF, OWL-Lite and SPARQL. We have fulfilled the experimentations on the basis of construction projects and a set of regulation texts relating to the accessibility of public buildings that were by the Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB)
Gringoz, Florian. "Prédiction de la conformité géométrique d'assemblages aéronautiques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN012.
Full textThe assembly geometry is define through its components geometry described in their nominal configuration, in other words without geometrical deviations and with accurate relative positions. In fact, the real components geometries has geometrical deviations and their positions are not accurate. The doctoral work consists of predict the geometrical conformity of an aeronautical assembly from the geometries of its components. From knowledge of components geometry, a second step objective is to realise the simulation of assembly of this components (geometrical deviations propagation and finite elements coupling) in order to evaluate the geometrical conformity of the assembly, and to determinate the required operations in order to reach this conformity. The entire process will be applied on aeronautical nacelles
Choukri, Karim. "Un formalisme pour les tests statistiques de conformité de modèles pour des séries chronologiques : application à la détection de changements de modèles." Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications(Paris), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENST0027.
Full textLestiennes, Grégory. "Contributions au test de logiciel basé sur des spécifications formelles." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112164.
Full textIn this thesis, we get interested in conformance testing whose goal is to check that the implementation of a system conforms to its specification w. R. T. A conformance relation between the model of the specification and the one of the implementation. We have defined the RIOLTS model standing for Restrictive Input/Output Labeled Transition System and the conformance relation rioco standing for Restrictive Input/Output COnformance. The particularity of this model is that it makes it possible to describe systems in which some inputs are forbidden in some states. In the second part of this thesis, we have worked on test generation and selection from infinite models using complex data types. These models are called symbolic models. Complex data types makes it harder the test selection problem: we must not only deal with the possible unlimited number of behaviors of systems but also with the unlimited number of values possible for the symbols appearing in symbolic actions. Moreover as guards may condition transitions, some symbolic traces are unfeasible. We propose a selection strategy that can be applied on any model based on symbolic transition systems. We use a constraint solver to determine feasible paths of the specification automata. Such paths are difficult to calculate, and to get them faster, we have had to optimize the use of the solver. Though, we have proposed and carried out experiments on many methods to reduce solving time and ensure the termination of calculations
Chédor, Sébastien. "Diagnostic, opacité et test de conformité pour des systèmes récursifs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980800.
Full textGuignard, Anaïs. "Validation fonctionnelle de contrôleurs logiques : contribution au test de conformité et à l'analyse en boucle fermée." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0050/document.
Full textThe results presented in this PhD thesis deal with functional validation of logic controllers using conformance test and closed-loop validation techniques. The specification model is written in the Grafcet language and the logic controller is assumed to be a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). In order to contribute to these validation techniques, this thesis presents: - An axtension to a fomalization methods for Grafcet languages by translation to a Mealy machine. This extension generates a formal model of a Grafcet specification that is interpreted without search of stability. This mode of interpretation is not recommended by the standard IEC 60848 but is widely used in industrial applications. - A contribution to conformance test by a definition of a set of conformance relation based on the observation of several execution cycles for each test step. - A contribution to closed-loop validation by the definition of a termination criterion and by a new gray-box identification technique that is used for construction and analysis of the closed-loop system
Ahmad, Abbas. "Model-Based Testing for IoT Systems : Methods and tools." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD008/document.
Full textThe Internet of Things (IoT) is nowadays globally a mean of innovation and transformation for many companies. Applications extend to a large number of domains, such as smart cities, smart homes, healthcare, etc. The Gartner Group estimates an increase up to 21 billion connected things by 2020. The large span of "things" introduces problematic aspects, such as conformance and interoperability due to the heterogeneity of communication protocols and the lack of a globally-accepted standard. The large span of usages introduces problems regarding secure deployments and scalability of the network over large-scale infrastructures. This thesis deals with the problem of the validation of the Internet of Things to meet the challenges of IoT systems. For that, we propose an approach using the generation of tests from models (MBT). We have confronted this approach through multiple experiments using real systems thanks to our participation in international projects. The important effort which is needed to be placed on the testing aspects reminds every IoT system developer that doing nothing is more expensive later on than doing it on the go
Boltenhagen, Mathilde. "Process Instance Clustering Based on Conformance Checking Artefacts." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG060.
Full textAs event data becomes an ubiquitous source of information, data science techniques represent an unprecedented opportunity to analyze and react to the processes that generate this data. Process Mining is an emerging field that bridges the gap between traditional data analysis techniques, like Data Mining, and Business Process Management. One core value of Process Mining is the discovery of formal process models like Petri nets or BPMN models which attempt to make sense of the events recorded in logs. Due to the complexity of event data, automated process discovery algorithms tend to create dense process models which are hard to interpret by humans. Fortunately, Conformance Checking, a sub-field of Process Mining, enables relating observed and modeled behavior, so that humans can map these two pieces of process information. Conformance checking is possible through alignment artefacts, which associate process models and event logs. Different types of alignment artefacts exist, namely alignments, multi-alignments and anti-alignments. Currently, only alignment artefacts are deeply addressed in the literature. It allows to relate the process model to a given process instance. However, because many behaviors exist in logs, identifying an alignment per process instance hinders the readability of the log-to-model relationships.The present thesis proposes to exploit the conformance checking artefacts for clustering the process executions recorded in event logs, thereby extracting a restrictive number of modeled representatives. Data clustering is a common method for extracting information from dense and complex data. By grouping objects by similarities into clusters, data clustering enables to mine simpler datasets which embrace the similarities and the differences contained in data. Using the conformance checking artefacts in a clustering approach allows to consider a reliable process model as a baseline for grouping the process instances. Hence, the discovered clusters are associated with modeled artefacts, that we call model-based trace variants, which provides opportune log-to-model explanations.From this motivation, we have elaborated a set of methods for computing conformance checking artefacts. The first contribution is the computation of a unique modeled behavior that represents of a set of process instances, namely multi-alignment. Then, we propose several alignment-based clustering approaches which provide clusters of process instances associated to a modeled artefact. Finally, we highlight the interest of anti-alignment for extracting deviations of process models with respect to the log. This latter artefact enables to estimate model precision, and we show its impact in model-based clustering. We provide SAT encoding for all the proposed techniques. Heuristic algorithms are then added to deal with computing capacity of today’s computers, at the expense of loosing optimality
Luong, Hong-Viet. "Construction Incrémentale de Spécifications de Systèmes Critiques intégrant des Procédures de Vérification." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00527631.
Full textDurand, William. "Automated test generation for production systems with a model-based testing approach." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22691/document.
Full textThis thesis tackles the problem of testing (legacy) production systems such as those of our industrial partner Michelin, one of the three largest tire manufacturers in the world, by means of Model-based Testing. A production system is defined as a set of production machines controlled by a software, in a factory. Despite the large body of work within the field of Model-based Testing, a common issue remains the writing of models describing either the system under test or its specification. It is a tedious task that should be performed regularly in order to keep the models up to date (which is often also true for any documentation in the Industry). A second point to take into account is that production systems often run continuously and should not be disrupted, which limits the use of most of the existing classical testing techniques. We present an approach to infer exact models from traces, i.e. sequences of events observed in a production environment, to address the first issue. We leverage the data exchanged among the devices and software in a black-box perspective to construct behavioral models using different techniques such as expert systems, model inference, and machine learning. It results in large, yet partial, models gathering the behaviors recorded from a system under analysis. We introduce a context-specific algorithm to reduce such models in order to make them more usable while preserving trace equivalence between the original inferred models and the reduced ones. These models can serve different purposes, e.g., generating documentation, data mining, but also testing. To address the problem of testing production systems without disturbing them, this thesis introduces an offline passive Model-based Testing technique, allowing to detect differences between two production systems. This technique leverages the inferred models, and relies on two implementation relations: a slightly modified version of the existing trace preorder relation, and a weaker implementation proposed to overcome the partialness of the inferred models.Overall, the thesis presents Autofunk, a modular framework for model inference and testing of production systems, gathering the previous notions. Its Java implementation has been applied to different applications and production systems at Michelin, and this thesis gives results from different case studies. The prototype developed during this thesis should become a standard tool at Michelin
Bauthian, Isabelle. "Dynamiques spatiales des espèces d'intérêt cynégénétique : l' apport des modèles de dynamique des populations." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066378.
Full textPoncelet, Sanchez Clément. "Model-based testing real-time and interactive music systems." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066548/document.
Full textCan real-time interactive systems be automatically timed tested ? This work proposes an answer to this question by providing a formal model based testing framework for Interactive Music Systems (IMS). IMSs should musically perform computations during live performances, accompanying and acting like real musicians. They can be score-based, and in this case must follow at all cost the timed high-level requirement given beforehand, called score. During performance, the system must react in real-time to audio signals from musicians according to this score. Such goals imply strong needs of temporal reliability and robustness to unforeseen errors in input. Be able to formally check this robustness before execution is a problem insufficiently addressed by the computer music community. We present, in this document, the concrete application of a Model-Based Testing (MBT) framework to a state-of-the-art IMS. The framework was defined on purpose of testing real-time interactive systems in general. We formally define the model in which our method is based. This model is automatically constructed from the high-level requirements and can be translated into a network of time automata. The mixed music environment implies the management of a multi-timed context and the generation of musically relevant input data through the testing framework. Therefore, this framework is both time-based, permitting durations related to different time units, and event-driven, following the musician events given in input. In order to test the IMS against the user’s requirements, multiple options are provided by our framework. Among these options, two approaches, offline and online, are possible to assess the system timed conformance fully automatically, from the requirement to the verdict. The offline approach, using the model-checker Uppaal, can generate a covering input suite and guarantee the system time reliability, or only check its behavior for a specific or fuzzed input sequence. The online approach, directly interprets the model as byte-code instructions thanks to a virtual machine. Finally, we perform experiments on a real-case study: the score follower Antescofo. These experiments test the system with a benchmark of scores and a real mixed-score given as input requirements in our framework. The results permit to compare the different options and scenarios in order to evaluate the framework. The application of our fully automatic framework to real mixed scores used in concerts have permitted to identify bugs in the target IMS
Dao, Thi Hong Phu. "Modèle technique de contrôle externe de la conformité aux normes IFRS (IFRS enforcement)." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0011.
Full textThe mandatory adoption of IFRS in Europe is aimed at improving the quality and the comparability of financial information of listed companies. Nevertheless, such goal cannot be achieved solely by making a requirement for EU companies to use the IFRS, but it would be also necessary to assure the compliance with those standards. While there is recent research that addresses the issues on enforcement of accounting standards in general and of IFRS in particular, there is still a lack of studies which discuss the technical aspects of monitoring compliance with accounting standards. The objective of this research is to elaborate a technical model of enforcement of IFRS to be used by the regulatory oversight bodies. The methodology adopted is qualitative, based on an exploratory study and empirical observation of the financial information oversight system of the AMF in France, completed by the interviews with the controllers at the AMF and by the surveys carried out with financial analysts and auditors of listed companies. Our model has been developed following the risk-based approach which consist of assessing the risk of non-compliance with IFRS by the analysis of three risk components (inherent risk, control risk and audit risk), in order to focus the review efforts on those important areas which are more likely to contain a risk of non-compliance. The model was then tested in practical cases (issuers’ financial statements) by the controllers of the AMF. The tests results indicate that if some factors had been proved difficult to be assessed at the regulatory oversight level, the model constitute a relevant methodological tool for risk detection which helps to identify important areas of risk of non-compliance with the IFRS. In addition, the use of the model can help to make the controllers sensitive to risk analysis
Krichen, Moez. "Test de systèmes temps-réel à base de modèle." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10294.
Full textWe are interested in model-based testing for real-time systems. Specifically, we study two classes of problems, namely: (I) state identification problems and (II) black-box conformance testing. For state identification problems, we are given the model of a machine with an initial unknown state and we look for an experiment to apply on the machine to identify the initial unknown state or the final state to which the machine has moved after the experiment. For black-box conformance testing, we are given a model of the machine and we want to check whether the machine conforms to its model or not. Our framework is mainly based on the model of partially-observable, nondeterministic timed automata. We argue that partial observability and non-determinism are essential features for ease of modeling, expressiveness and implementability. The framework allows the user to define, through appropriate modeling, assumptions on the environment of the system under test (SUT) as well as on the interface between the tester and the SUT. Before solving state identification problems for timed automata, we study these problems for the case of finite state transducers (FST). FST is an extension of the Mealy machine model. We show that these problems are undecidable for FST in general. We consider a subclass of FST, so-called, wait-synchronize transducers (WSFST) for which these problems are decidable. The first step to solve state identification problems for timed automata, consists in computing the time-abstracting bisimulation (TAB) quotient graph of the considered timed automaton. The second step is to transform this graph into a Mealy machine on which state-identification problems can be solved using existing techniques. For conformance testing, we consider two types of tests: analog-clock tests and digital-clock tests. Our algorithm to generate analog-clock tests is based on an on-the-fly determinization of the specification automaton during the execution of the test, which in turn relies on reachability computations. The latter can sometimes be costly, thus problematic, since the tester must quickly react to the actions of the system under test. Therefore, we provide techniques which allow analog-clock testers to be represented as deterministic timed automata, thus minimizing the reaction time to a simple state jump. We provide algorithms for static or on-the-fly generation of digital-clock tests. These tests measure time only with finite-precision, digital clocks, an essential condition for implementability. We propose a technique for location, edge and state coverage of the specification, by reducing the problem to covering a symbolic reachability graph. This avoids having to generate too many tests. We also propose digital-clock test generation techniques based on action refinement in order to reduce the size of generated tests. We report on a prototype tool TTG and four case studies: a lighting device, the Bounded Retransmission Protocol, the K9 Mars Rover (NASA) and the Dala Robot (LAAS)
Merland, Romain. "Génération de grilles de type volumes finis : adaptation à un modèle structural, pétrophysique et dynamique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0037/document.
Full textVoronoi grids are generated under constraints to reduce the errors due to cells geometry during flow simulation in reservoirs. The Voronoi points are optimized by minimizing objective functions relevant to various geometrical constraints. An original feature of this approach is to combine simultaneously the constraints: - Cell quality, by placing the Voronoi points at the cell barycenters. - Local refinement according to a density field rho, relevant to permeability, velocity or vorticity. - Cell anisotropy according to a matrix field M built with the three principal vectors of the anisotropy, which one is defined by the velocity vector or by the stratigraphic gradient. - Faces orientation according to a matrix field M built with the three vectors orthogonal to the faces, which one is defined by the velocity vector. - Conformity to structural features, faults and horizons. - Voronoï points alignment along well path. The quality of the generated grids is assessed from geometrical criteria and from comparisons of flow simulation results with reference fine grids. Results show geometrical improvements, that are not necessarily followed by flow simulation results improvements
Poncelet, Sanchez Clément. "Model-based testing real-time and interactive music systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066548.
Full textCan real-time interactive systems be automatically timed tested ? This work proposes an answer to this question by providing a formal model based testing framework for Interactive Music Systems (IMS). IMSs should musically perform computations during live performances, accompanying and acting like real musicians. They can be score-based, and in this case must follow at all cost the timed high-level requirement given beforehand, called score. During performance, the system must react in real-time to audio signals from musicians according to this score. Such goals imply strong needs of temporal reliability and robustness to unforeseen errors in input. Be able to formally check this robustness before execution is a problem insufficiently addressed by the computer music community. We present, in this document, the concrete application of a Model-Based Testing (MBT) framework to a state-of-the-art IMS. The framework was defined on purpose of testing real-time interactive systems in general. We formally define the model in which our method is based. This model is automatically constructed from the high-level requirements and can be translated into a network of time automata. The mixed music environment implies the management of a multi-timed context and the generation of musically relevant input data through the testing framework. Therefore, this framework is both time-based, permitting durations related to different time units, and event-driven, following the musician events given in input. In order to test the IMS against the user’s requirements, multiple options are provided by our framework. Among these options, two approaches, offline and online, are possible to assess the system timed conformance fully automatically, from the requirement to the verdict. The offline approach, using the model-checker Uppaal, can generate a covering input suite and guarantee the system time reliability, or only check its behavior for a specific or fuzzed input sequence. The online approach, directly interprets the model as byte-code instructions thanks to a virtual machine. Finally, we perform experiments on a real-case study: the score follower Antescofo. These experiments test the system with a benchmark of scores and a real mixed-score given as input requirements in our framework. The results permit to compare the different options and scenarios in order to evaluate the framework. The application of our fully automatic framework to real mixed scores used in concerts have permitted to identify bugs in the target IMS
Ozanne, Alain. "Interact : un modèle général de contrat pour la garantie des assemblages de composants et services." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292148.
Full textDahman, Karim. "Gouvernance et étude de l'impact du changement des processus métiers sur les architectures orientées services : une approche dirigée par les modèles." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785771.
Full textZahi, Koua. "Le socialisme au Bénin et au Congo : son degré de conformité au modèle du socialisme scientifique." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100029.
Full textProvost, Julien, and Julien Provost. "Test de conformité de contrôleurs logiques spécifiés en grafcet." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654047.
Full textProvost, Julien. "Test de conformité de contrôleurs logiques spécifiés en grafcet." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0029/document.
Full textThe works presented in this PhD thesis deal with the generation and implementation of test sequences for conformance test of logic controllers. Within these works, Grafcet (IEC 60848 (2002)), graphical specification language used in industry, has been selected as the specification model. Logic controllers mainly considered in these works are Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC). In order to validate the carrying out of conformance test of critical control systems, this thesis presents: - A formalization of the Grafcet specification language. Indeed, to apply usual verification and validation methods, the behavior is required to be expressed through formal models. However, in industry, the models used to describe functional specifications are chosen for their expression power and usability, but these models rarely have a formal semantics. - A study of test sequences execution and analysis of obtained verdicts when several logical inputs are changed simultaneously. Series of experimentation have permitted to quantify, for different configurations of the implantation under test, the rate of erroneous verdicts due to these simultaneous changes. - A definition of the SIC-testability criterion for an implantation. This criterion, determined on the Grafect specification defines the ability of an implementation to be tested without any erroneous verdict. Automatic generation of test sequences that minimize the risk of erroneous verdict is then studied
Chevrier, Christophe. "Test de conformité de protocoles de communication modèle de fautes et génération automatique de séquences de tests." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10503.
Full textMeysembourg-Männlein, Marie Laurence. "Modèle et langage à objets pour la programmation d'applications réparties." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333509.
Full textMarsso, Lina. "Etude de génération de tests à partir d'un modèle pour les systèmes GALS." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM078.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the model-based testing of GALS (GloballyAsynchronous and Locally Synchronous) systems, which are inherentlycomplex because of the combination of synchronous and asynchronous aspects.To cope with this complexity, we explore three directions:(1) techniques for synchronous components;(2) techniques for communication protocols between components; and(3) techniques for complete GALS systems, combining theresults of the two previous directions.In the first direction, we explore formal techniques for the functionaltesting of synchronous components.As a case-study, we reconsider the Message Authenticator Algorithm(MAA), a pioneering cryptographic function designed in the mid-80s, andformalize it as a synchronous dataflow.The modeling and validation of the MAA enabled us to discover variousmistakes in prior (informal and formal) specifications of the MAA, thetest vectors and code of the ISO 1987 and ISO 1990 standards, and incompilers and verification tools used by us.In the second direction, we explore the formalization and the functionaltesting of a communication protocol. As a case-study, we reconsider the formalization of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) handshake, a protocol responsible for the authentication and exchange of keys necessary to establish or resume a secure communication.Our model of the TLS version 1.3 has been validated by an approach using our new on-the-fly conformance test case generation tool, named TESTOR, developed on top of the CADP toolbox.TESTOR explores the model and generates automatically a set of controllable testcases or a complete test graph (CTG) to be executed on a physical implementation ofthe system.In the third direction, we propose a testing methodology for GALSsystems combining the two previous directions.We leverage the conformance test generation for asynchronous systems toautomatically derive realistic scenarios (inputs constraints andoracles), which are necessary ingredients for the unit testing of individual synchronouscomponents, and are difficult and error-prone to design manually.Thus our methodology integrates(1) synchronous and asynchronous concurrent models;(2) functional unit testing and behavioral conformance testing;and (3) various formal methods and their tool equipments.We illustrate our methodology on a simple, but relevant example inspiredby autonomous cars
Fettah, Amal. "Analyse de modèles en mécanique des fluides compressibles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4755.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the study of problems relating in the theory of compressible flows . We prove the existence of the considered problems in a first part by passing to the limit on the numerical schemes proposed for the discretisation of these problems. In the second part, the existence result is obtained by passing to the limit on the approximate solutions given by a corresponding regularized problem.The main result is to prove the existence of a solution of the stationnary compressible Stokes problem with a general equation of state.We first prove this result by passing to the limit on the numerical scheme as the mesh size tends to zero. The fact to consider a general E.O.S induces some additional difficulties in particular to get estimates on the discrete solution (which comes also from the presence of the gravity in the momentum equation) and in the passage to the limit on the E.O.S.We also prove the existence result by passing to the limit on a regularized problem. We first treat the convection-diffusion problem (which appears in the regularized problem), we give an existence and uniqueness result, and we then prove estimates on the approwimate solutions and pass to the limit on the regularized problem
Lefranc, Guénolé. "Apports de l'analyse de la conformité réglementaire, de l'analyse des risques professionnels et de l'évaluation du climat de sécurité à la construction de la culture de sécurité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00797030.
Full textLefranc, Guénolé. "Apports de l’analyse de la conformité réglementaire, de l’analyse des risques professionnels et de l'évaluation du climat de sécurité à la construction de la culture de sécurité." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0044/document.
Full textSafety culture is increasingly important to the corporate agenda. The SafetyCulture concept is not new, but gained popularity in the late 80s following the Chernobyl accident. The main cause of the disaster was said to be a deficient Safety culture.The term is now used widely and definitions are numerous. The Safety culture literature contains three major explanatory factors shaping the formation of a safety culture: "organizational", "behavioural" and "psychological".The objective of this thesis is to develop a "system" of models which will enable description and evaluation of these three factors in applied settings. To achieve this goal, theoretical and methodological "shortcuts", or mappings, were developed and explored. The "organizational" factor is mapped with the process of compliance management. Similarly, the "behavioural" factor is likened to the process of risk management. Finally, the "psychological" factor is directly related to the assessment process of the "safety climate". The implications of these translations are discussed in this thesis.Each of these processes has been modelled. Every model has allowed the identification of descriptive and explanatory variables. Some have been linked to each other in order to translate the relationship between the three factors. The "system" of models was tested on a large sample in partnership with a global French company. Two locations were involved.This thesis describes the theoretical and methodological framework. It describes the modelling process that has been implemented and discusses the results of the experimentation. Finally it proposes possibilities for the enhancement of the models that have been developed
Wangermez, Maxence. "Méthode de couplage surfacique pour modèles non-compatibles de matériaux hétérogènes : approche micro-macro et implémentation non-intrusive." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN001.
Full textOne of the priority objectives of the aeronautics industry is to reduce the mass of structures while improving their performances. This involves the use of composite materials and the increasing use of digital simulation to optimize structures.The major challenge of this project is to be able to accurately calculate the local variations of the microstructure - for instance detected by tomography and directly modelled from tomogram - on the behavior of an architectured material part. In order to take into account the whole structure and its load effects, a multi-scale approach seems to be a natural choice. Indeed, the related models to the part and its microstructure might use different formalisms according to each scale.In this context, a coupling formulation was proposed in order to replace, in a non-intrusive way, a part of a homogenized macroscopic finite-element model by a local one described at a microscopic level. It is based on a micro-macro separation of interface quantities in the coupling area between the two models. To simplify its use in design offices, a non-intrusive iterative resolution procedure has also been proposed. It allows the implementation of the proposed coupling method in an industrial software environment that often uses closed commercial finite element codes. Different mechanical problems under linear elasticity assumption are proposed. The proposed method is systematically compared with other coupling methods of the literature and the quality of the solutions is quantified compared to a reference one obtained by direct numerical simulation at a fine scale.The main results are promising as they show, for representatives test cases under linear elasticity assumption in two and three-dimensions, solutions that are consistent with first- and second-order homogenization theories. The solutions obtained with the proposed method are systematically the best approximations of the reference solution whereas the methods of the literature are less accurate and shown to be unsuitable to couple non-compatible models.Finally, there are many perspectives due to the different alternatives of the method which could become, in an industrial context, a real analytic tool that aims to introduce a local model described at a fine scale, into a homogenized macroscopic global one
Tshibanda, Kabumana Dieudonne. "Contribution à la recherche d'un modèle de gestion d'un passif envronnemental issu d'un traitement métallurgique des minerais sulfurés cuivre zinc en République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209618.
Full textPar contre, les autres rejets de la filière, en l’occurrence les rejets de flottation de Kipushi et les scories de fusion pour matte de cuivre, peuvent eux être acceptés en décharge de classe I, sans traitement préalable au regard des limites fournies par la même directive. Les procédés de lixiviation acide chaude et de digestion ont été proposés et retenus comme scénarios de gestion durable à appliquer à ces rejets Ex – UZK, car ils se réalisent tous deux en milieu acide sulfurique d’une part et d’autre part leur application et surtout leur faisabilité en République Démocratique du Congo reste possible ;en outre ils aboutissent à des nouveaux rejets contenant le fer sous forme d’hématite, pouvant être stocké aisément et durablement dans la nature, ce qui est conforme au principe du développement durable. Nous avons tenté de modéliser ces deux scénarios en discutant et comparant la circulation des flux de matière dans les deux procédés, d’abord autour de chaque opération métallurgique unitaire, et ensuite sur l’ensemble du procédé. Ainsi nous avons pu chiffrer tous les flux entrant et sortant dans le système étudié, en considérant 1000 kg de rejets Ex –UZK alimentés. Cette quantification nous a permis de comparer les coûts opératoires de ces deux procédés. Les résultats obtenus dans la présente étude sont encourageants et nous ont permis de formuler des recommandations pour les études ultérieures éventuelles dont les résultats pourront l’enrichir davantage, notamment sur les aspects technologiques, économiques et environnementaux, de manière à faciliter les applications sur terrain.
This work deals with environmental liabilities consisting of base metals pollution due to metallurgical processing of copper – zinc sulphide ores in Kipushi mine in Democratic Republic of Congo. The main objective of this work was to propose sustainable management scenarios for the most important environmental liabilities from metallurgical sector. For this purpose, liabilities were first identified on four metallurgical plants. Then, leaching tests with deionized water were carried out to assess the soluble fractions of base metals. These effluents were also classified according to the test described in european decision 2003-33-EC, which determines the conformity of waste to landfill. Ex – UZK effluents are the most dangerous from this sector, according to this directive, since the quantities of leached copper and zinc were far beyond the limits :they cannot be sent to class I landfill without prior metallurgical processing. However, other effluents like flotation wast and Lubumbashi slag originating from melting for copper matte, are acceptable without prior treatment. Hot acid leaching and digestion were proposed as sustainable management scenarios for to these Ex – UZK waste because :both can be performed in sulfuric acid and they are feasible in Democratic Republic of Congo. They also lead to an iron – rich waste consisting of hematite that can be stored easily and sustainably in nature, which is consistent with the principle of sustainable development. We have modeled these two scenarios by discussing and comparing the flows in both processes, first for each individual metallurgical unit process, and then for the whole chain of value. So we could assess all the inputs and outputs of the studied system, expressed per ton of Ex – UZK waste. The operating costs of both processes were calculated and compared. The results are encouraging. Recommendations were proposed for further studies, in order to investigate more deeply the technological, economical and environmental aspects, to facilitate the final application.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lacroix, Benoît. "Normer pour mieux varier ? : la différenciation comportementale par les normes, et son application au trafic dans les simulateurs de conduite." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835831.
Full textXiao, Jinhua. "Towards a STEP-compliant data model for process information management in additive manufacturing : application to fused deposition modelling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2483.
Full textRegarding the rapid development of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, the integration of digital thread and the standard of data exchange are becoming a huge trend. Digital thread has its own several stages, including production engineering and manufacturing operations. AM data exchange mainly focuses on various print formats, such as STL, AMF, 3MF, and STEP. Therefore, digital thread and information standard become increasing significant. In order to achieve a better integration of digital thread, data standard is needed further to enhance the interoperability among various computer-aided X systems (CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC). Two kinds of problems must be overcome. The first problem is linked to process-related integration while the second is related to data standard. The contribution of the thesis is based on STEP/STEP-NC standards to integrated production engineering and manufacturing operations. The first contribution proposes the fundamental guideline for specifying AM digital thread, including concepts, standards, model representation, descriptive languages, and model assessment. The second contribution, AM process data model, is proposed to address the issues of data interoperability on production engineering and manufacturing operations that defines application objects and entities, and definitions process of data models. The third contribution focuses on the conformance assessment for proposed data model. It provides the specific analysis way for manufacturing layer and head path, respectively. Finally, the propositions are then implemented by a global architecture based on CatalystEX Platform. Such an architecture makes a demonstration on the interoperability of the developed data model and presents the use of a case study for NIST testing part. In order to integrate all the related information on production planning and manufacturing operations, extended STEP/STEP-NC physical file has been accomplished by STEP Part-21 to demonstrate the print planning and AM operations
Trottier, Nicolas. "Modélisation des écoulement en milieux poreux fracturés : estimation des paramètres par approche inverse multi-échelle." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037933.
Full text