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Academic literature on the topic 'Conformal change of metric'

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Published: 9 March 2023
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Journal articles on the topic "Conformal change of metric"

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Tiwari, Bankteshwar, and Manoj Kumar. "On Randers change of a Finsler space with mth-root metric." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 11, no. 10 (November 2014): 1450087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021988781450087x.

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In this paper, we find a condition under which a Finsler space with Randers change of mth-root metric is projectively related to a mth-root metric and also we find a condition under which this Randers transformed mth-root Finsler metric is locally dually flat. Moreover, if transformed Finsler metric is conformal to the mth-root Finsler metric, then we prove that both of them reduce to Riemannian metrics.
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Maleki, Maryam, Nasrin Sadeghzadeh, and Tahereh Rajabi. "On conformally related spherically symmetric Finsler metrics." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 13, no. 10 (October 26, 2016): 1650118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887816501188.

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In this paper, we study the projective invariant quantities in Finsler geometry which remain invariant under the conformal change of metrics. In particular, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions of a given Douglas and Weyl and generalized Douglas–Weyl (GDW) metric to be invariant under the conformal transformations. Finally, we introduce some explicit examples of these metrics. Also, some of these [Formula: see text]-conformal transformations of Einstein metrics are considered.
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CAPOVILLA, RICCARDO, RUBÉN CORDERO, and JEMAL GUVEN. "CONFORMAL INVARIANTS OF THE EXTRINSIC GEOMETRY OF RELATIVISTIC MEMBRANES." Modern Physics Letters A 11, no. 35 (November 20, 1996): 2755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396002757.

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We examine the change induced in the worldsheet geometry of a relativistic membrane under a conformal rescaling of the spacetime metric. As the induced transformation of the intrinsic geometry is obvious, the extrinsic geometry can be transformed nontrivially. By identifying the worldsheet scalars which transform multiplicatively, we can construct actions for extended objects which are conformally invariant.
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Moradpour, H., A. Dehghani, and M. T. Mohammadi Sabet. "Dynamic black holes in an FRW background: Lemaître transformations." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 39 (December 7, 2015): 1550207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315502077.

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Since the conformal transformations of metric do not change its causal structure, we use these transformations to embed the Lemaître metrics into the FRW background. In our approach, conformal transformation is in agreement with the universe expansion regimes. Indeed, we use the Lemaître metrics because the horizon singularity is eliminated in these metrics. Moreover, some physical and mathematical properties of the introduced metrics have been addressed. We show that the resultant metrics include event horizons while their physical radii are increasing as a function of the universe expansion which may provide suitable metrics for investigating the effects of the universe expansion on the black holes.
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Tiwari, Bankteshwar, and Ghanashyam Kr Prajapati. "On generalized Kropina change of mth root Finsler metric." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, no. 05 (April 13, 2017): 1750081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887817500815.

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In the present paper, we consider generalized Kropina change of [Formula: see text]th root Finsler metric and prove that it is locally projectively flat if and only if it is locally Minkowskian. We also establish a necessary and sufficient condition under which the generalized Kropina change of [Formula: see text]th root metric is locally dually flat. Further it is proved that a generalized Kropina change of [Formula: see text]th root metric cannot be conformal to an [Formula: see text]th root Finsler metric.
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Tayebi, Akbar. "On generalized 4-th root metrics of isotropic scalar curvature." Mathematica Slovaca 68, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 907–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ms-2017-0154.

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AbstractBy an interesting physical perspective and a suitable contraction of the Riemannian curvature tensor in Finsler geometry, Akbar-Zadeh introduced the notion of scalar curvature for the Finsler metrics. A Finsler metric is called of isotropic scalar curvature if the scalar curvature depends on the position only. In this paper, we study the class of generalized 4-th root metrics. These metrics generalize 4-th root metrics which are used in Biology as ecological metrics. We find the necessary and sufficient condition under which a generalized 4-th root metric is of isotropic scalar curvature. Then, we find the necessary and sufficient condition under which the conformal change of a generalized 4-th root metric is of isotropic scalar curvature. Finally, we characterize the Bryant metrics of isotropic scalar curvature.
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Tayebi, Akbar. "On 4-th root metrics of isotropic scalar curvature." Mathematica Slovaca 70, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ms-2017-0341.

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AbstractIn this paper, we prove that every non-Riemannian 4-th root metric of isotropic scalar curvature has vanishing scalar curvature. Then, we show that every 4-th root metric of weakly isotropic flag curvature has vanishing scalar curvature. Finally, we find the necessary and sufficient condition under which the conformal change of a 4-th root metric is of isotropic scalar curvature.
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Narasimhamurthy. "On $\beta$-Conformal Change of Douglas Type with $(\alpha, \beta)$-Metric." Journal of Advanced Research in Pure Mathematics 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jarpm.1220.121411.

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YOUSSEF, NABIL L., S. H. ABED, and S. G. ELGENDI. "GENERALIZED β-CONFORMAL CHANGE OF FINSLER METRICS." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 07, no. 04 (June 2010): 565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887810004440.

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In this paper, we introduce and investigate a general transformation or change of Finsler metrics, which is referred to as a generalized β-conformal change: [Formula: see text] This transformation combines both β-change and conformal change in a general setting. The change, under this transformation, of the fundamental Finsler connections, together with their associated geometric objects, are obtained. Some invariants and various special Finsler spaces are investigated under this change. The most important changes of Finsler metrics existing in the literature are deduced from the generalized β-conformal change as special cases.
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Shukla, H. S., Neelam Mishra, and Vivek Shukla. "ON HYPERSURFACE OF THE FINSLER SPACE OBTAINED BY CONFORMAL β− CHANGE." Jnanabha 50, no. 01 (2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.58250/jnanabha.2020.50106.

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The conformal β− change of Finsler metric L(x, y) is given by L∗(x, y) = eσ(x) f (L(x, y), β(x, y)), where σ(x) is a function of x, β(x, y) = b i (x)yi is a one-form on the underlying manifold Mn , and f(L(x, y), β(x, y)) is a homogeneous function of degree one in L and β. Let Fn and F∗n be Finsler spaces with metric functions L and L∗ respectively. In this paper we study the hypersurface of F∗n and find condition under which this hypersurface becomes a hyperplane of first kind, a hyperplane of second kind and a hyperplane of third kind. In this endeavour we connect quantities of F∗n with those of Fn . When the hypersurface of F∗n is a hyperplane of first kind, we investigate the conditions under which it becomes a Landsberg space, a Berwald space, or a locally Minkowskian space.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conformal change of metric"

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Jones, Miranda Rose. "Conformal deformation of a conic metric." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3996.

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The problem studied here focuses on a compact manifold M without boundary in which the Riemannian metric g is on Λ = M – {p1, p2,…,pκ}. Near the pi 's, g has a particular type of singularity in which locally M = (0, δ)x × Ywhere Y is a Riemannian manifold with metric h. Calculation techniques involving Christoffel symbols, scalar curvature, and the Lapalacian of the manifold are used to reduce the Yamabe equation to a system of partial differential equations. After assuming that a function u > 0 satisfying the Yamabe equation exists, the most singular partial differential equation is solved using integration techniques to find necessary conditions on Y and h. Also studied in this paper are the conditions on Y and h for which M is already a manifold with constant scalar curvature.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics.
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ANSELLI, ANDREA. "PHI-CURVATURES, HARMONIC-EINSTEIN MANIFOLDS AND EINSTEIN-TYPE STRUCTURES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/703786.

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The aim of this thesis is to study the geometry of a Riemannian manifold M, with a special structure, called Einstein-type structure, depending on 3 real parameters, a smooth map phi into a target Riemannian manifold N, and a smooth function, called potential function, on M itself. We will occasionally let some of the parameters be smooth functions. The setting generalizes various previously studied situations:, Ricci solitons, almost Ricci-solitons, Ricci-harmonic solitons, quasi-Einstein manifolds and so on. By taking a constant potential function those structures reduces to harmonic-Einstein manifolds, that are a generalization of Einstein manifolds. The main ingredient of our analysis is the study of certain modified curvature tensors on M related to the map phi, called phi-curvatures, obtaining, for instance, their transformation laws under a conformal change of metric, and to develop a series of results for harmonic-Einstein manifolds that parallel those obtained for Einstein manifolds some times ago and also in the very recent literature. Einstein-type structures may be obtained, for some special values of the parameters involved, by a conformal deformation of a harmonic-Einstein manifold or even as the base of a warped product harmonic-Einstein manifold. The latter fact applies not only in the Riemannian but also in the Lorentzian setting and thus some Einstein-type structures are connected with solutions of the Einstein field equations, which are of particular interest in General Relativity. The main result of the thesis is the locally characterization, via a couple of integrability conditions and mild assumptions on the potential function, of Einstein-type structures with vanishing phi-Bach curvature (in the direction of the potential) as a warped product with harmonic-Einstein base and with an open real interval as fibre, extending in a very non trivial way a recent result for Bach flat Ricci solitons. Moreover the map phi depends only on the base of the warped product and not on the fibre . We also consider rigidity, triviality and non-existence results, both in the compact and non-compact cases. This is done via integral formulas and, in the non-compact case, via analytical tools, like the weak maximum principle and the classical results of Obata, Tashiro, Kanai.
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Ruth, Harry Leonard Jr. "Conformal densities and deformations of uniform loewner metric spaces." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1210203872.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Committee/Advisors: David Herron PhD (Committee Chair), David Minda PhD (Committee Member), Nageswari Shanmugalingam PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Sep.3, 2008). Keywords: conformal density; uniform spaces; Loewner; quasisymmetry; quasiconofrmal. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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RUTH, HARRY LEONARD JR. "Conformal Densities and Deformations of Uniform Loewner Metric Spaces." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1210203872.

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Simsir, Muazzez Fatma. "Conformal Vector Fields With Respect To The Sasaki Metric Tensor Field." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605857/index.pdf.

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On the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold the most natural choice of metric tensor field is the Sasaki metric. This immediately brings up the question of infinitesimal symmetries associated with the inherent geometry of the tangent bundle arising from the Sasaki metric. The elucidation of the form and the classification of the Killing vector fields have already been effected by the Japanese school of Riemannian geometry in the sixties. In this thesis we shall take up the conformal vector fields of the Sasaki metric with the help of relatively advanced techniques.
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Julian, Poranee K. "Geometric Properties of the Ferrand Metric." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353088820.

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Istrati, Nicolina. "Conformal structures on compact complex manifolds." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC054/document.

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Dans cette thèse on s’intéresse à deux types de structures conformes non-dégénérées sur une variété complexe compacte donnée. La première c’est une forme holomorphe symplectique twistée (THS), i.e. une deux-forme holomorphe non-dégénérée à valeurs dans un fibré en droites. Dans le deuxième contexte, il s’agit des métriques localement conformément kähleriennes (LCK). Dans la première partie, on se place sur un variété de type Kähler. Les formes THS généralisent les formes holomorphes symplectiques, dont l’existence équivaut à ce que la variété admet une structure hyperkählerienne, par un théorème de Beauville. On montre un résultat similaire dans le cas twisté, plus précisément: une variété compacte de type kählerien qui admet une structure THS est un quotient fini cyclique d’une variété hyperkählerienne. De plus, on étudie sous quelles conditions une variété localement hyperkählerienne admet une structure THS. Dans la deuxième partie, les variétés sont supposées de type non-kählerien. Nous présentons quelques critères pour l’existence ou non-existence de métriques LCK spéciales, en terme du groupe de biholomorphismes de la variété. En outre, on étudie le problème d’irréductibilité analytique des variétés LCK, ainsi que l’irréductibilité de la connexion de Weyl associée. Dans un troisième temps, nous étudions les variétés LCK toriques, qui peuvent être définies en analogie avec les variétés de Kähler toriques. Nous montrons qu’une variété LCK torique compacte admet une métrique de Vaisman torique, ce qui mène à une classification de ces variétés par le travail de Lerman. Dans la dernière partie, on s’intéresse aux propriétés cohomologiques des variétés d’Oeljeklaus-Toma (OT). Plus précisément, nous calculons leur cohomologie de de Rham et celle twistée. De plus, on démontre qu’il existe au plus une classe de de Rham qui représente la forme de Lee d’une métrique LCK sur un variété OT. Finalement, on détermine toutes les classes de cohomologie twistée des métriques LCK sur ces variétés
In this thesis, we are concerned with two types of non-degenerate conformal structures on a given compact complex manifold. The first structure we are interested in is a twisted holomorphic symplectic (THS) form, i.e. a holomorphic non-degenerate two-form valued in a line bundle. In the second context, we study locally conformally Kähler (LCK) metrics. In the first part, we deal with manifolds of Kähler type. THS forms generalise the well-known holomorphic symplectic forms, the existence of which is equivalent to the manifold admitting a hyperkähler structure, by a theorem of Beauville. We show a similar result in the twisted case, namely: a compact manifold of Kähler type admitting a THS structure is a finite cyclic quotient of a hyperkähler manifold. Moreover, we study under which conditions a locally hyperkähler manifold admits a THS structure. In the second part, manifolds are supposed to be of non-Kähler type. We present a few criteria for the existence or non-existence for special LCK metrics, in terms of the group of biholomorphisms of the manifold. Moreover, we investigate the analytic irreducibility issue for LCK manifolds, as well as the irreducibility of the associated Weyl connection. Thirdly, we study toric LCK manifolds, which can be defined in analogy with toric Kähler manifolds. We show that a compact toric LCK manifold always admits a toric Vaisman metric, which leads to a classification of such manifolds by the work of Lerman. In the last part, we study the cohomological properties of Oeljeklaus-Toma (OT) manifolds. Namely, we compute their de Rham and twisted cohomology. Moreover, we prove that there exists at most one de Rham class which represents the Lee form of an LCK metric on an OT manifold. Finally, we determine all the twisted cohomology classes of LCK metrics on these manifolds
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Champion, Daniel James. "Mobius Structures, Einstein Metrics, and Discrete Conformal Variations on Piecewise Flat Two and Three Dimensional Manifolds." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145313.

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Spherical, Euclidean, and hyperbolic simplices can be characterized by the dihedral angles on their codimension-two faces. These characterizations analyze the Gram matrix, a matrix with entries given by cosines of dihedral angles. Hyperideal hyperbolic simplices are non-compact generalizations of hyperbolic simplices wherein the vertices lie outside hyperbolic space. We extend recent characterization results to include fully general hyperideal simplices. Our analysis utilizes the Gram matrix, however we use inversive distances instead of dihedral angles to accommodate fully general hyperideal simplices.For two-dimensional triangulations, an angle structure is an assignment of three face angles to each triangle. An angle structure permits a globally consistent scaling provided the faces can be simultaneously scaled so that any two contiguous faces assign the same length to their common edge. We show that a class of symmetric Euclidean angle structures permits globally consistent scalings. We develop a notion of virtual scaling to accommodate spherical and hyperbolic triangles of differing curvatures and show that a class of symmetric spherical and hyperbolic angle structures permit globally consistent virtual scalings.The double tetrahedron is a triangulation of the three-sphere obtained by gluing two congruent tetrahedra along their boundaries. The pentachoron is a triangulation of the three-sphere obtained from the boundary of the 4-simplex. As piecewise flat manifolds, the geometries of the double tetrahedron and pentachoron are determined by edge lengths that gives rise to a notion of a metric. We study notions of Einstein metrics on the double tetrahedron and pentachoron. Our analysis utilizes Regge's Einstein-Hilbert functional, a piecewise flat analogue of the Einstein-Hilbert (or total scalar curvature) functional on Riemannian manifolds.A notion of conformal structure on a two dimensional piecewise flat manifold is given by a set of edge constants wherein edge lengths are calculated from the edge constants and vertex based parameters. A conformal variation is a smooth one parameter family of the vertex parameters. The analysis of conformal variations often involves the study of degenerating triangles, where a face angle approaches zero. We show for a conformal variation that remains weighted Delaunay, if the conformal parameters are bounded then no triangle degenerations can occur.
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Gonzalez, Marco A. "A new change propagation metric to assess software evolvability." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44607.

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The development of software-intensive systems faces many challenges; one of the most important from an economic perspective is to reduce their maintenance costs. This thesis proposes a modified change propagation metric as a tool to assist the analysis of evolvability and maintainability of a software system and to ultimately support the reduction of its maintenance cost. The technical complexity of software systems has a great impact on their ability to make increased functionality and adaptability to the environment possible. One approach to understand and master the complexity of large software systems, varying from thousands to millions of lines of source code, is through software architecture. This study examines a sample of software systems from the dependencies of their static structural view. The dependencies and their importance are expressed as a design structure matrix (DSM) that is used as an indicator to reflect the strength of dependence and connection among the different modules. In this thesis, we propose a “modified change propagation” metric as a set of incremental improvements over the original Propagation Cost (PC) metric proposed by MacCormack (2008). Our improved metric uses dependencies weighted with strength to convey more information about the incidence of strongly connected relationships and it discounts weak dependencies. Moreover the original propagation metrics considered that the system should be acyclical; but we found that in practice a very few real systems are exempt of cycles. Furthermore, if cyclic dependencies are heavy rather than weak then these cycles should be treated differently. Finally, our metric is normalized to minimize the effect of both change in the total depth of the dependency graph, and increases in the size of the code. Our modified change propagation metric can help software designers assess the maintainability of a software system at design time and over a proposed release sequence by comparing change propagation measures for different designs of software architecture. For instance, after refactoring. We validated our metric both on a system developed at UBC, and on several large open-source repositories for which we were able to obtain long release histories.
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Xu, Chao. "Non-conformal geometry on noncommutative two tori." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566225527101998.

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Books on the topic "Conformal change of metric"

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1954-, Graham C. Robin, ed. The ambient metric. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.

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Geometry and Dynamics in Gromov Hyperbolic Metric Spaces: With an Emphasis on Non-Proper Settings. American Mathematical Society, 2017.

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Germana, Michael. “Modulate, Daddy, Modulate!”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682088.003.0005.

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Chapter 4 examines Ellison’s use of rhythm—specifically his incorporation of polyrhythms and his application of an advanced rhythmic concept called metric modulation—to express his beliefs about virtual temporalities and social change. The chapter illustrates how Ellison often places temporal constructs, including the static time of official history and the dynamic time of duration, into polyrhythmic relation in order to challenge an entrenched ideology of historical determinism. This process, and the critique that emerges from it, depend upon a related rhythmic concept, metric modulation, which creates metronomic instability within a musical composition and, in so doing, produces nodes of temporal bifurcation. Ellison’s use of polyrhythms and metric modulation are, like his ekphrastic references to the visual media examined in Chapters 2 and 3, expressions of his commitment to dynamic time and to the promotion of social changes that the actualization of hitherto virtual temporalities makes possible.
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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. The Schwarzschild black hole. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0047.

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This chapter discusses the Schwarzschild black hole. It demonstrates how, by a judicious change of coordinates, it is possible to eliminate the singularity of the Schwarzschild metric and reveal a spacetime that is much larger, like that of a black hole. At the end of its thermonuclear evolution, a star collapses and, if it is sufficiently massive, does not become stabilized in a new equilibrium configuration. The Schwarzschild geometry must therefore represent the gravitational field of such an object up to r = 0. This being said, the Schwarzschild metric in its original form is singular, not only at r = 0 where the curvature diverges, but also at r = 2m, a surface which is crossed by geodesics.
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Rao, Prasada. Welfare Comparisons with Heterogeneous Prices, Consumption, and Preferences. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.25.

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The chapter provides an overview of the methods and techniques employed by economic statisticians in compiling measures of real expenditure for use in making temporal and spatial comparisons of economic welfare. The role of money-metric utility in making price and welfare comparisons is explored. Temporal measures of price change based on the Konus cost-of-living index and the associated measures of welfare change for individuals and groups of individuals are discussed. Links between the commonly used Laspeyres, Paasche, Fisher, and Tornqvist index numbers and the Konus index-based measures of price and real expenditure change are established. A section of the chapter is devoted to spatial price comparisons where heterogeneity in prices, consumption, and preferences poses challenges for statisticians. Multilateral index number methods based on the money-metric utility used in spatial and cross-country price and welfare comparisons including the Geary, Gini-Éltetö-Köves-Szulc, and spatial chaining methods are canvassed.
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Ronen, Boaz, Joseph S. Pliskin, and Shimeon Pass. The Efficiencies Syndrome (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190843458.003.0009.

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The efficiencies syndrome is a phenomenon that causes people or equipment to work more than necessary. This syndrome is fueled by managerial and cultural factors. The desire to show that the resource is busy is a result of either taking a local perspective or using inappropriate measures. This leads to enhancing this syndrome. Using the utilization of operating rooms as a measure of performance amplifies this syndrome and is counterproductive because it promotes increased utilization as a percentage. The correct measure should be throughput, and it should be measured directly. Because this is a more difficult metric to ascertain, resolving the efficiencies syndrome often requires a major change in performance measures as well as a change in organizational thinking.
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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Vector geometry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0002.

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This chapter defines the mathematical spaces to which the geometrical quantities discussed in the previous chapter—scalars, vectors, and the metric—belong. Its goal is to go from the concept of a vector as an object whose components transform as Tⁱ → 𝓡ⱼ ⁱTj under a change of frame to the ‘intrinsic’ concept of a vector, T. These concepts are also generalized to ‘tensors’. The chapter also briefly remarks on how to deal with non-Cartesian coordinates. The velocity vector v is defined as a ‘free’ vector belonging to the vector space ε‎3 which subtends ε‎3. As such, it is not bound to the point P at which it is evaluated. It is, however, possible to attach it to that point and to interpret it as the tangent to the trajectory at P.
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Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. Short-term Changes in the Mean: 2. Truncation and Threshold Selection. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0014.

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The selection intensity, the mean change in a trait within a generation expressed in phenotypic standard deviations, provides an important metric for comparing the strength of selection over designs. Further, under truncation selection (only individuals above some threshold leave offspring), the selection intensity is a function of the fraction saved, and hence the breeder's equation is often expressed in terms of the selection intensity. An important special case of truncation selection is a threshold trait, wherein an individual only expresses a particular phenotype when its underlying liability value exceeds some threshold. This chapter examines selection on such traits, and generalizes this binary-trait setting (with binomial residuals) to other classes of discrete traits, wherein some underling linear model (generating the threshold) is this transformed via a generalized linear mixed model into an observed trait value.
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Doran, Connemara. Poincaré’s Mathematical Creations in Search of the ‘True Relations of Things’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797258.003.0004.

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How did the vast corpus of mathematical innovation of Henri Poincaré (1854–1912) engage the rationale, and impact the fate, of the notion of the ether in physics? Poincaré sought the ‘true relations’ that adhere in the phenomena—relations that persist irrespective of the choice of a metric geometry and a change in physical theory. This chapter traces how Poincaré embedded utterly new geometries and topological intuitions at the heart of pure mathematics, mathematical physics and philosophy. It demonstrates that Poincaré had no ownership of the physicists’ ether concept and that he viewed the ether as neither necessary nor necessarily a hindrance for further advance. Poincaré attended to the profound and subtle needs regarding space and time within physics by creating profound and subtle mathematics to capture the ‘true relations’, of spacetime. Poincaré thereby rendered the physicists’ ether superfluous while also creating mathematical structures for gravitational and quantum phenomena.
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Rabbit production. 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249811.0000.

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Abstract This edition updated the material and provides more of an international focus on rabbit production practices around the world. One such change is that units of measure appear in both English (pounds, gallons, feet, etc.) and metric (grams, liters, meters, etc.) systems where numeric measures are given for the convenience of all readers. In addition, the breeds of rabbit photo gallery has been expanded to include breeds from other countries. This edition has also placed more emphasis on the important role of rabbits as a food and income resource in developing countries. This edition also includes an expanded consideration of important issues such as animal welfare and sustainable methods of production. With chapters relating specifically to meat production, pet rabbits, rabbit shows, and angora wool production, this new edition also added new information on the latest methods of artificial insemination, estrous synchronization, embryo transfer, cloning and molecular genetics. It tackles globally prevalent health issues such as enteritis complex (EC) rabbit enterocolitis (REC), and viral hemorrhagic disease. Providing updates on worldwide production trends, figures and new feed additive products, this book is an essential resource for anyone involved in rabbit production - from novice to experienced breeders, veterinarians and industry professionals.
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Book chapters on the topic "Conformal change of metric"

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A’Campo, Norbert. "Surfaces with Riemannian Metric." In Topological, Differential and Conformal Geometry of Surfaces, 139–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89032-2_8.

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Yang, Fan, Zhigang Chen, Guifang Shao, and Huazhen Wang. "Distance Metric Learning-Based Conformal Predictor." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 254–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33412-2_26.

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Burstall, Francis E., Franz Pedit, Dirk Ferus, Katrin Leschke, and Ulrich Pinkall. "7. Metric and Affine Conformal Geometry." In Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 39–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45301-7_7.

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Antonelli, P. L. "Conformal and Projective Change." In Handbook of Finsler Geometry, 783–838. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0942-3_34.

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Habermann, Lutz. "A canonical metric for flat conformal manifolds." In Riemannian Metrics of Constant Mass and Moduli Spaces of Conformal Structures, 11–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0103866.

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Kigami, Jun. "Characterization of Ahlfors Regular Conformal Dimension." In Geometry and Analysis of Metric Spaces via Weighted Partitions, 97–152. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54154-5_4.

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Schulz, Friedmar. "Conformal mappings with respect to a Riemannian metric." In Regularity Theory for Quasilinear Elliptic Systems and Monge—Ampère Equations in Two Dimensions, 61–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0098283.

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Gerchkovitz, Efrat, and Zohar Komargodski. "Sphere Partition Functions and the Kähler Metric on the Conformal Manifold." In Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, 101–10. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2636-2_7.

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Shi, Yonggang, Rongjie Lai, and Arthur W. Toga. "Conformal Mapping via Metric Optimization with Application for Cortical Label Fusion." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 244–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38868-2_21.

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Horwitz, Lawrence P. "Hamiltonian Map to Conformal Modification of Spacetime Metric: Kaluza-Klein and TeVeS." In Fundamental Theories of Physics, 157–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7261-7_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conformal change of metric"

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Baby, Sruthy Asha, and Gauree Shanker. "On the conformal change of Douglas space of second kind with special (α, β)-metric." In PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS RESEARCH (ICAMR - 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0016846.

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URAKAWA, Hajime. "GEOMETRY OF BIHARMONIC MAPS: L2-RIGIDITY, BIHARMONIC LAGRANGIAN SUBMANIFOLDS OF KÄHLER MANIFOLDS, AND CONFORMAL CHANGE OF METRICS." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Colloquium on Differential Geometry and Its Related Fields. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814541817_0001.

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Pekala, Michael J., Ashley J. Llorens, and I.-Jeng Wang. "Local distance metric learning for efficient conformal predictors." In 2012 IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsp.2012.6349813.

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Teofilova, Marta. "Complex Connections on Conformal Kähler Manifolds with Norden Metric." In INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPLEX STRUCTURES, INTEGRABILITY AND VECTOR FIELDS. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3567129.

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Popescu, Marius Claudiu, Lacrimioara Grama, and Corneliu Rusu. "Conformal transformation of the metric for k-nearest neighbors classification." In 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccp51029.2020.9266240.

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TEOFILOVA, M. "LIE GROUPS AS FOUR-DIMENSIONAL CONFORMAL KÄHLER MANIFOLDS WITH NORDEN METRIC." In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Complex Structures and Vector Fields. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812709806_0034.

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Ping Tim Tsui, Hung Tung Tsui, and Wai Kuen Cham. "Metric measurement on arbitrary planes in 2 images using the conformal point." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2004.1334019.

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Bai, Fang. "Change of Optimal Values: A Pre-calculated Metric." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197163.

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Filax, Marco, and Frank Ortmeier. "On the Influence of Viewpoint Change for Metric Learning." In 2021 17th International Conference on Machine Vision and Applications (MVA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mva51890.2021.9511344.

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Luis Armando Bianchin, Juliano Araujo Wickboldt, Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville, Luciano Paschoal Gaspary, Claudio Bartolini, and Maher Rahmouni. "Similarity metric for risk assessment in IT change plans." In 2010 International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cnsm.2010.5691340.

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Reports on the topic "Conformal change of metric"

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S.A. McFarlane, Y. Shi, C.N. Long. A Year of Radiation Measurements at the North Slope of Alaska Second Quarter 2009 ARM and Climate Change Prediction Program Metric Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/952496.

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Buesseler, Ken O., Di Jin, Melina Kourantidou, David S. Levin, Kilaparti Ramakrishna, and Philip Renaud. The ocean twilight zone’s role in climate change. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/28074.

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The ocean twilight zone (more formally known as the mesopelagic zone) plays a fundamental role in global climate. It is the mid-ocean region roughly 100 to 1000 meters below the surface, encompassing a half-mile deep belt of water that spans more than two-thirds of our planet. The top of the ocean twilight zone only receives 1% of incident sunlight and the bottom level is void of sunlight. Life in the ocean twilight zone helps to transport billions of metric tons (gigatonnes) of carbon annually from the upper ocean into the deep sea, due in part to processes known as the biological carbon pump. Once carbon moves below roughly 1000 meters depth in the ocean, it can remain out of the atmosphere for centuries to millennia. Without the benefits of the biological carbon pump, the atmospheric CO 2 concentration would increase by approximately 200 ppm 1 which would significantly amplify the negative effects of climate change that the world is currently trying to curtail and reverse. Unfortunately, existing scientific knowledge about this vast zone of the ocean, such as how chemical elements flow through its living systems and the physical environment, is extremely limited, jeopardizing the efforts to improve climate predictions and to inform fisheries management and ocean policy development.
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Jensen, M., K. Johnson, and JH Mather. Cloud Occurrence Frequency at the Barrow, Alaska, ARM Climate Research Facility for 2008 Third Quarter 2009 ARM and Climate Change Prediction Program Metric Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/964189.

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Macura, Biljana, Nella Canales, Inès Bakhtaoui, Richard Taylor, Elvine Kwamboka, Rocio Diaz-Chavez, Fedra Vanhuyse, et al. Effectiveness of climate change adaptation interventions in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact of funding modalities: a mixed methods systematic review protocol. Stockholm Environment Institute, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.021.

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International climate finance plays a key role in enabling the implementation of adaptation measures. However, while there is a common metric for gauging the effectiveness of finance for mitigation – greenhouse gas emission reduction per unit of funding – no corresponding metric exists for adaptation. Instead, assessments of what works best in adaptation finance focus either on procedural aspects of funding modalities, such as equity in the allocation of funding, or on the extent to which specific adaptation activities produce the desired results. This mixed methods systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of adaptation finance and bridge the gap between those two approaches. It involves a transparent and comprehensive synthesis of the academic and grey literature on how different characteristics of adaptation projects in sub-Saharan Africa – and finance for those projects – affect adaptation outcomes, particularly in terms of risk and vulnerability to climate change impacts. Finalised adaptation projects funded by a set of the multilateral climate funds and two bilateral donors (United Kingdom and Sweden) are the focus of this review. The findings can help inform the future design and implementation of adaptation activities as well as funding decisions.
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Flynn, C., AS Koontz, and JH Mather. Time Series of Aerosol Column Optical Depth at the Barrow, Alaska, ARM Climate Research Facility for 2008 Fourth Quarter 2009 ARM and Climate Change Prediction Program Metric Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/966790.

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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu, and Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.

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Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.
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Weinberg, Zwi G., Adegbola Adesogan, Itzhak Mizrahi, Shlomo Sela, Kwnag Jeong, and Diwakar Vyas. effect of selected lactic acid bacteria on the microbial composition and on the survival of pathogens in the rumen in context with their probiotic effects on ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598162.bard.

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This research project was performed in context of the apparent probiotic effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) silage inoculants on the performance of ruminants (improved feed intake, faster live-weight gain, higher milk yields and improved feed efficiency). The overall objective was to find out how LAB affect ruminant performance. The project included several “chapters” as follows: 1. The effect of LAB silage inoculants on the survival of detrimental bacteria in rumen fluid, in vitro study (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). An in vitro model was developed to study the interaction between selected LAB and an E. coli strain tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP) in buffered RF. Results indicated that both LAB inoculants and E. coli survived in the RF for several days; both LAB inoculants and LAB-treated silages did not affect survival of E. coli in rumen fluid in vitro. The effect of feeding baled wheat silages treated with or without three selected LAB silage inoculants on the performance of high-lactating cows (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). Treatments included control (no additive), Lacobacillusbuchneri40788 (LB), Lactobacillus plantarumMTD1 40027 (LP) and Pediococcuspentosaceus30168 (PP), each applied at 10⁶ cfu/g FM. The silages were included in the TMR of 32 high milking Holstein cows in a controlled feeding experiment. All baled silages were of good quality. The LB silage had the numerically highest acetic acid and were the most stable upon aerobic exposure. The cows fed the LB silages had the highest daily milk yields, percent milk fat and protein. The microbiome of baled wheat silages and changes during ensiling of wheat and corn (Sela et al., The Volcani Center). Bacterial community of the baled silages was dominated mainly of two genera in total, dominated by Lactobacillus and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12 with 300 other genera at very low abundance. Fungal community was composed mainly of two genera in total, dominated by Candida and Monascuswith 20 other genera at very low abundance. In addition, changes in the microbiome during ensiling of wheat and corn with and without addition of L. plantarumMTD1 was studied in mini-silos. Overall 236 bacterial genera were identified in the fresh corn but after 3 months Lactobacillus outnumbered all other species by acquiring 95% of relative abundance. The wheat silage samples are still under analysis. The effect of applying LAB inoculants at ensiling on survival of E. coli O157:H7 in alfalfa and corn silages(Adesogan et al., University of Florida). E. coli (10⁵ cfu/g) was applied to fresh alfalfa and corn at ensiling with or without L. plantarumor L. buchneri. The pathogen was added again after about 3 moths at the beginning of an aerobic exposure period. The inoculants resulted in faster decrease in pH as compared with the control (no additives) or E. coli alone and therefore, the pathogen was eliminated faster from these silages. After aerobic exposure the pathogen was not detected in the LAB treated silages, whereas it was still present in the E. coli alone samples. 5. The effect of feeding corn silage treated with or without L. buchnerion shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by dairy cows (Adesogan et al., UFL). BARD Report - Project 4704 Page 2 of 12 Five hundred cows from the dairy herd of the University of Florida were screened for E. coli shedding, out of which 14 low and 13 high shedders were selected. These cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) which was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 for 21 days. The TMR included corn silage treated with or without L. buchneri. The inoculated silages were more stable upon aerobic exposure than the control silages; the silage inoculant had no significant effect on any milk or cow blood parameters. However, the silage inoculant tended to reduce shedding of E. coli regardless of high or low shedders (p = 0.06). 6. The effect of feeding baled wheat silages treated with or without three selected LAB silage inoculants on the rumen microbiome (Mizrahi et al., BGU). Rumen fluid was sampled throughout the feeding experiment in which inoculated wheat silages were included in the rations. Microbial DNA was subsequently purified from each sample and the 16S rRNA was sequenced, thus obtaining an overview of the microbiome and its dynamic changes for each experimental treatment. We observed an increase in OTU richness in the group which received the baled silage inoculated with Lactobacillus Plantarum(LP). In contrast the group fed Lactobacillus buchneri(LB) inoculated silage resulted in a significant decrease in richness. Lower OTU richness was recently associated in lactating cows with higher performance (Ben Shabatet al., 2016). No significant clustering could be observed between the different inoculation treatments and the control in non metric multi-dimentional scaling, suggesting that the effect of the treatments is not the result of an overall modulation of the microbiome composition but possibly the result of more discrete interactions. Significant phylum level changes in composition also indicates that no broad changes in taxa identity and composition occurred under any treatment A more discrete modulation could be observed in the fold change of several taxonomic groups (genus level analysis), unique to each treatment, before and after the treatment. Of particular interest is the LB treated group, in which several taxa significantly decreased in abundance. BARD Report - Project 4704 Page 3 of 12
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