Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Confltis armés'
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Bello, Madina. "Médiation et résolution des conflits armés : le cas du conflit ivoirien (1999 - 2007)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD002.
Full textOften cited as a model of peace and stability, Ivory Coast, a West African economic powerhouse, was embroiled in a civil war in September 2002 that disrupted the institutional order. During this time, the country was divided into the Southern and Northern zones. The former, a coastal area, is referred to as the "Governmental Zone". The Northern is the area that was captured in September 2002, by a few thousand army mutineers. Between the two North and South divide lies the buffer zone called the Zone de confiance, which served as a military buffer zone between the North and the South. How did the division occur? How did the several mediation work? Could we ensure that the signing of a peace agreement guaranteed a mediation success?
Chamard, Thierry. "La suspension des conflits armés." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0029.
Full textVentre, Daniel. "Impact de la cyberguerre sur les conflits armés." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS012S.
Full textThe emergence of the information society was often defined as one of the major variables in the evolution of the international system over the past decades. This thesis aims to contribute to reflections on war and its evolution. It focuses on the concept of "cyberwar" which suggests that the era of information and networked society have given rise to a new category of armed conflict, which unfolds over a planetary battlefield – named cyberspace - and challenges the conventional framework of interstate armed conflict. By analyzing the discourse on cyber warfare, the multiple actors and strategies of cyberwar, we try to understand how new information technologies are changing the way of doing and perceiving war, and more broadly through these new warfare capabilities , can contribute to the transformation of the international balance of power
Santivasa, Saratoon. "La protection internationale des enfants dans les conflits armés." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020048.
Full textThe international protection fo children in armed conflicts is an example of the complementarity of the humanitarian law and the human rights. The child as an vunerable civilian, has not been neither the target nor the military actor. This protection is conceived in order to garantie the rights and children's fundamental needs in hostility area. But, when the immediate protection is impossible, it leads the insecurity to their lives, the children can be evacuated. It frequency happens that, alone or not, they flee from the war and become refugee children or displaced children. Though, the children, protected as civilians, are abused as soldiers at the modern war. Concerned about that, the itnernational organizations take the various measures against it. Evev if the children participate in hostilities and fall in the ennemy's hands, they enjoy the special protection
Diomandé, Aboubacar. "Le statut juridique de l'enfant dans les conflits armés." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT3011.
Full textStates members of the United Nations elaborated a lawful corpus destined to protect the child and to improve his condition in armed conflicts. The main idea of this protection is that a child is a particularly vulnerable being. Therefore when he does not participate in the hostilities, he must not be taken for target of the attacks, and should not be recruited by the belligerents. As member of civilian population, he benefits from a general protection against the consequences of hostilities. Notwithstanding this last point, he is often forced to flee as refugee or moved inside his country. In fact the child can find itself as soldier in armed forces and armed groups. For that reason the international community has regulated his recruitment and his participation to the hostilities. Despite this legislation, many children are recruited and constantly participate in armed conflicts. These children often commit the worst atrocities of war. Given that fact, how does the international law apprehends children soldiers' identity ? is that law about executioners and / or victims ? This study tries to demonstrate that the lawful corpus elaborated by the international community protects effectively the child in armed conflicts. Only this protection will be effective if these standards were respected by the belligerents
Matouk, Abdelnaby Mayssa. "La protection des droits des enfants dans les conflits armés." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCF002/document.
Full textThe protection of children's rights a victim of armed conflict is a recent and current problem which is based on the evolution of human rights and the changing nature of conflicts. It raises the question of the existence of an international legal framework consisting capable of providing protection and assistance to child plagued by hostilities. On this point, it appears that international law provides a set of legal mechanisms applicable to the child, whether direct or indirect victim of the conflict, or participate directly in hostilities. Today too many children die each day due to conflict, disease, malnutrition too are exploited and do not have the opportunity to take classes in a school, seeing their future away from them every day a little more. However, examination of these instruments shows that they are often characterized by the generality of their provisions which are not always adapted to take account of the specific nature of the child. In addition, they sometimes raise questions of applicability. So, if we can not deny them any effectiveness, it remains, in many respects, partial. The adoption of legal mechanisms specifically applicable to the child, had also intended to remedy this inadequacy and the completeness of the legal framework. This respect the obligation to protect children and offer them the opportunity to benefit from support programs implemented in the field by many humanitarian organizations claiming loudly that everyone must act in one way or another, to enable the development of actions increasingly diverse and increasingly effective despite the difficulties. Continuing violations did, however, become aware of the normative gaps and requires a redefinition of the objective of protection. In this context, the growing involvement of the Security Council but also the criminalization of violations committed during the armed conflict, define a new approach to the responsibility of the international community in this regard. This intervention, in fact, served to remind States of their obligations and adopt sanctions against individuals offenders. Similarly, sentences imposed by the International Criminal Court and the Special Court for Sierra Leone for war crimes of recruitment and use of child soldiers mark the end of a miscarriage of justice
Atché, Bessou Raymond. "Les conflits armés internes en Afrique et le droit international." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0385.pdf.
Full textThe african continent development is heavily ampered by ceaseless indoors murderous conflits, if not by civil wars. Everywhere the threat remains indeciduous. National armies up yesterday just after independence years, confirmed unability to spread protection and so, experiment daily enormous troubles as for keeping control upon respective national territories and borders. But in front of said conflicts, here above given as phenomenons powered to mishandle the sensibler sovereign rope, a certain number of questions go up growing: in any way, how can the international law intervene to regulate conflictual cases that belong to daily African states quite private area ? Hard questions. Indoors armed conflicts give rise to troubles but for regulation, what strategical means can be considered to contain them? Henceforth, we will divide the whole topic into two parts : upon the first part, let us speak essentially about substancial and normative aspects of conflicts; further in the second part, we will try to lead searches upon how the international law might bring answers able to solve armed conflicts. Some European countries, and particulary France, thought that spreading reinforcement of African Means to Keep Peace “RECAMP” upon war zones will be sufficient to any peace later. The United States thought the same with African Crisis Response Initiative “ACRI”. Therefore for us none of enumareted steps, even if any of them might be valuable as proposition, can lead to peace. It belongs to Subsaharan African Head of States here to join means and to create immediately what we will not hesitate to call “Common Forces For Peace in Africa” (CFPA). Anyone will not build a such (and obvious) more adapted working stool for them
Edusei, Gladys. "Conflit armés et développement en Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24024.
Full textConflicts are frequent in sub-saharan African countries since their independence and unfortunately people consider such situation to be normal. This frequency seems to reinforce the idea that Africans are naturally unable to manage their resources. African conflicts are also very often considered as a result of African culture, which is termed as a violent and agressuve. If conflicts are obviously an obstacle to development, they are also the consequence of undevelopment in Africa.The objective of the PhD is to understand the ceonomic basis of armed conflicts in sub-saharan Africa. In other words, we seek toidentify economic causes of conflicts. The main variables observed are GDP per capita, international aid, raw materials for export, government debt, foreign direct investment, population, food and water. We confirm that any process that helps improve economic development in sub-saharan African countries is a way to avoid new conflicts
Bencherif, Taha Bachir. "Le respect des règles des conflits armés par les organisations internationales." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOD002.
Full textSince the occurrence of the events symbolised by the fall of Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet system in 1991, International Organisations have been lead up to carry out an increased role in peace keeping matters, more particularly in operations more and more numerous and complex, which was not the case of the first peace-keeping operations undertaken by the United Nations. In addition to their traditional military tasks, forces of different International Organisations are called up to play an active role and to fulfil several new functions, notably in disarming, transporting humanitarian aid, protection of certain zones and assistance to refugees…etc. And to reach thereto, they have been entrusted of combat missions and have been authorized to recourse to heavy weapons, armoured vehicles and aviation in order to reach their goals. In these situations, which appear to be far from strict neutrality notions and self-defence, on can talk about International Organisations involvement in armed conflicts situations in a way that it becomes sine qua non to call for rules regulating this type of situations, specially armed conflicts law. Thus, the purpose of this research is to explore the sources which oblige an International Organisation to abide by armed conflicts law. Nevertheless, the later remains the less abide with and consequently the most theoretical, which can let arise another problem, the one of International Organisations responsibility, since forces are likely to violate obligations which they are bound to
Kamel, Omar. "Mass media & the laws of war : the concept and practice of legal muting." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IEPP0031.
Full textThis thesis introduces the concept of "legal muting" - a set of discursive practices that blunt, subvert, or obscure legal considerations in the media coverage of armed conflicts. Through comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis of three conflicts (Iraq 2003, Ukraine 2022, and Gaza 2023), this study demonstrates how media outlets employ various discursive techniques that shape public understanding of international law.Drawing from James Lorimer's assertion that "the binding force of international law depends on public sentiment and public opinion, as articulated by the press", this research considers the role of the media as primary interpreters of international legal norms. In the absence of institutionalized channels for disseminating international law, the media fills a "communicative gap", thereby shaping public understanding of legal issues. As such, legal muting manifests in their conflict coverage through two main mechanisms: minimization and variable focus.The results of this analysis reveal that legal muting is a persistent process that endures across all three conflicts despite an evolving media landscape, though its manifestations vary. The implications are profound for legal practitioners, whose public communications are subject to continuous transformation, and for scholars, to whom this presents a new source of legal knowledge production. This study ultimately recalls that the binding force of international law depends partly on its ability to be understood and legitimized by the public it is meant to serve
Qaissi, Omar. "La notion de consolidation de la paix après les conflits à travers la pratique de l'organisation des Nations-Unies : essai d'une systématisation et d'une juridicisation du phénomène post-conflictuel." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN20006.
Full textThe concept of post-conflict Peacebuilding -introduced formally for the first time by the former Secretary General of the UN Boutros Boutros-Ghali in his "Agenda for Peace" - released a functional autonomy manifested materially in the UN practice through its action on two principals axes: First, post-conflict situations to erase with the aftermath of the conflict, then the root causes of conflicts to destroy germs. Adopting this analysis, the consolidation of peace through its functional autonomy has developed the UN action to prevent recurrence of conflict. Noting that the consolidation of peace will not become operational until the end of a conflict, it can confirm that it is a legal concept alien to the Charter, and therefore does not legal autonomy in this incomplete text in post-conflict. This is because the substantive and procedural rules of this text are directed primarily to the cessation of conflict with by principle of prohibition of use of force. So saying, the post-conflict dimension of the Charter is non-existent. This raises the question of which legal value could have the concept of Peacebuilding in the law of the Charter? The UN practice had shown that the United Nations Law with the aim of finding a place for this concept in it will make a dynamic reading of the Charter by focusing his mind from his letter, so that everything that goes beyond the reference standard is considered an element of continuity and not rupture. From this dynamic interpretation, the law of the Charter will build peace on a legal basis atypical obeys no specific legal taxonomy. We are thus faced with a legal basis for disparate can marry at once three chapters of the Charter: VI, VII and VII. Concerning legal regime of Peacebuilding, United Nations practice showed that it could be a United Nations law derived from the ad hoc nature and sui generis produced in the post-conflict period, whose the object and purpose are intended to prevent recurrence of conflict. Accordingly, the consolidation had concretely shown that the post-conflict phenomenon was confirmed and harden in the law and practice United Nations practice, which tempted his systematization and juridification
Kimbembe-Lemba, Aymar. "Le statut des salariés des sociétés militaires privés participant aux conflits armés." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT3012.
Full textA distinction is made between civilians and military personnel. This distinction is implicit in the substantive issue of this study on determining the legal status of employees of private military companies (PMCs) involved in armed conflicts. Moreover, the defense and State security are provided by various actors of different statuses that have defined roles for a legal framework. Civilians and members of the armed forces are indeed links in this chain. The distinction mentioned over is not confined there, but it is also about the only members of the armed forces because there is a distinction between internal and one external. All members of the armed forces are not entitled to combatant status. However, the denial of combatant status to certain military is only relative and does not affect their right to prisoner of war status. These soldiers are different from those employed outside the armed forces and mandated by their employer to provide benefits to the armies in a theater of operations. This use raises several issues in IHL. PMCs provide services that go from logistics to direct participation in hostilities. This direct or indirect participation in hostilities leads to a “hemorrhage of language” to describe employees of PMCs as mercenaries, new mercenaries, defense and security contractors, soldiers for sale, irregular combatants, etc. Thus, the employees of these companies undertake specific activities of mercenaries? Their companies-employers do they constitute relief societies ? Are they combatants, noncombatants or irregular combatants ? This is so prompt questions that this thesis attempts to answer
Gradinariu, Laura. "Le droit à la santé mentale dans le cadre des conflits armés." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859047.
Full textFerrarini, Davide. "La reconstruction après les conflits armés et la protection des biens culturels." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10036.
Full textGrădinariu, Laura. "Le droit à la santé mentale dans le cadre des conflits armés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA013/document.
Full textThe thesis identifies the gaps and shortcomings regarding the implementation of international legal instruments applicable in the context of armed conflict (the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Statute of the International Criminal Court) in what concerns the protection of the right to mental health. A solution for a better protection of this right is proposed, consisting in amending the relevan international legal instruments with a distinct new provision criminalizing the violations of the rightto mental health during armed conflicts.The research highlights the serious consequences of violating the right to mental health during wartime, showing the causal link between the trauma produced by the conflict, the development of mental disorders, the changes of the "normality" standards of communities and the increased occurrence of antisocial behavior. The thesis proposes a hypothesis that explains the amplification of crime rates after the war by the influence of the psychological trauma suffered by the respective population as a consequence of armed conflict
Ehueni, Manzan Innocent. "Les accords politiques dans la résolution des conflits armés internes en Afrique." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808590.
Full textEhueni, Manzan Innocent. "Les accords politiques dans la résolution des conflits armés internes en Afrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROD028.
Full textSince some decades, Africa is «the most destabilized strategic area of the plane. » the issue of armed conflicts represent a real «African puzzle» as well for local actors as international ones who are involve in, with its internal characteristic contrast with the transnational consequences which result from.How to get out of this chronically in security and the civil war which permanently watch out behind curtain in order to reach sustainable development and stability in order to better limit numerous violations of human rights done in that fact?Some approaches of solution are numerous, going from military solution less respecting human lives, to the negociated solutions which call for the human genius and his intelligent, anxious to preserve human gender by «imaging» or by « inventing» Compromises signed in agreements, essentially political. Its then, precisely that African issue translated by an updated heading: agreements in the resolution of internal armed conflits in Africa. »The analysis considered in the present study will expose the conclusion of political agreements by insisting distinctly on political environment, their formation as well on the legal framework which characterizes them, on one hand. On the other hand, it seems important to examine the application of those agreements by analyzing in details the agenda in which they evoluate in order to draw up scientifically the balance sheet of the objective in order to assess the affectivity of their implementation and their effectiveness in domain of human rights protection
Amvane, Gabriel. "Le maintien de la paix en Afrique par l'O.N.U. et l'Union africaine." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0313.
Full textMaintaining international peace and security is the primary purpose of the Charterof the United Nations after the Second World War. By Article 2 § 4, the Charter states "theprinciple of non-threat and non-use of force" and thus aims to put a definitive end to armedconflicts. However, the African continent seems not to max out and illustrates not only by avery large number of armed conflicts but also by the ongoing efforts of the United Nations tokeep the peace. These efforts are supported regionally by the African Union, a regionalorganization established by African States in 2002 to replace the Organization of AfricanUnity. The persistence of armed conflicts on the continent, however, leads to question theeffectiveness of peacekeeping in Africa by the United Nations and the African Union, as wellas the mechanisms established by both organizations to achieve with such effectiveness.Consideration of this issue is discussed considering the two major characteristics ofpeacekeeping, namely the institutional aspect and the material aspect of peacekeeping,considered one and the other in terms of their effectiveness.For the institutional aspect, the study focuses on the organs actually created by the UN andthe African Union for peacekeeping in Africa, the cooperation between these organs, as wellas the support provided by the UN for the capacity-building of the African Union.For the material aspect, it is the specific terms of implementations of peacekeeping that areraised here. This requires a review of the effectiveness of the peacekeeping operations
Lefeuvre, Cyprien. "Les effets de l'évolution des conflits armés sur la protection des populations civiles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1008/document.
Full textArmed conflicts have always been interspersed with numerous abuses committed against the civilian populations, notably when the war was of identity or political nature. This is also the case in number of modern conflicts. International law has however continued to strengthen in order to guarantee better protection to civilians against the effect of hostilities, notably by the signing of several conventions at the Hague and Geneva, which today constitute the basis of international humanitarian law. There is, therefore, a sharp contrast between the state of the law and the effective protection of civilians on the field. Why ? Refocusing on the analysis of modern conflicts, this work attempts to look for the cause in the development of soldier's references and in the way they influence their definition of the enemy and their conception of the role of civilians in war. It demonstrates how the evolution of the causes of conflict and the practices of soldiers in asymmetric and deconstructed conflicts tend to place more and more civilians at the heart of the war. This does not mean that international humanitarian law, adopted for the main part after the two World wars and during the seventies, is obsolete. On the contrary, its principal rules relative to the protection of the civilians are flexible enough to adapt to the challenges of modern conflicts, as long as the soldiers are willing to apply them and interpret them reasonably and honestly
Milot, Catherine. "Femmes, conflits armés et processus de paix : victimes, spectatrices, protagonistes, mais surtout... actrices!" Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23774.
Full textKane, Ameth Fadel. "La protection des droits de l'enfant pendant les conflits armés en droit international." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0122/document.
Full textThe protection of children rights victim of the armed conflicts is a recent and current problem which leans on the evolution of human rights and on the transformation of the nature of the conflicts. It raises the question of the existence of a substantial international normative frame, capable of assuring protection and assistance to the child in the grip of hostilities. On this point, it seems that the international law plans a set of legal mechanisms applicable to the child, whether he is direct or indirect victim of the conflicts, or that he participates directly in the hostilities. However, the examination of these instruments shows that they are often characterized by the generality of their measures which are not still adapted to the consideration of the specificity of the child. Furthermore, they sometimes raise questions of applicability. So, if we cannot deny them any effectiveness, this one remains partial in many cases. The adoption of legal mechanisms specifically applicable to the child, as the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 and its optional protocols, had moreover for object to remedy this maladjustment and to establish the exhaustiveness of the legal framework. The obstinacy of the violations makes, however, normative inadequacies become aware and impose a redefining of the objective of protection. In this context, the growing implication of the Security Council, but also the criminalization of the violations committed during the armed conflicts, define a new approach of the responsibility of the international community on the subject. This intervention allowed, indeed, to remind to States their obligations and to adopt penalties against individuals offenders. Also, the condemnations pronounced by the International Criminal Court and the Special Court for the Sierra Leone for war crimes consisting in the recruitment and in the use of children soldiers mark the end of a denial of justice. However, the action of these jurisdictions is sometimes hindered by the complexity of rules governing the international justice or the lack of cooperation of States. Thus, an international frame object of all the contradictions emerges from it, where from the relativity of the system of protection. This puts the necessity of insisting on the first responsibility which falls to States in this domain
Delavallade, Thomas. "Evaluation des risques de crise, appliquée à la détection des conflits armés intra-étatiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00230663.
Full textSi de nombreuses cellules de veille ont été mises en place, tant au niveau de l'entreprise, qu'au niveau des institutions nationales et internationales, la quantité d'information potentiellement pertinente pour un sujet donné est parfois telle que la mise à disposition d'outils automatisant tout ou partie du traitement de cette information répond à un besoin réel, sinon à une nécessité.
Dans cette optique, dans cette thèse, nous proposons un système générique d'aide à l'anticipation de crises. Notre objectif est de fournir une synthèse d'une situation donnée, d'un point de vue structurel et non événementiel, via l'identification des crises potentielles ainsi que des principaux facteurs de risque associés. Le système que nous proposons repose sur l'apprentissage supervisé de règles de décision floues.
La qualité des données d'apprentissage étant problématique dans de nombreuses applications, nous proposons, dans nos travaux, une étude approfondie sur la chaîne de prétraitement, et en particulier sur le traitement des valeurs manquantes et sur la sélection d'attributs. Nous avons également mis l'accent sur l'évaluation et la sélection de modèles afin de pouvoir adapter les modèles de détection au problème à traiter, ainsi qu'aux besoins de l'utilisateur final.
La synthèse des résultats fournis par notre système étant destiné à des utilisateurs en charge de la veille stratégique, des outils d'aide au raisonnement et à la compréhension de cette synthèse sont également proposés.
Pour juger de l'intérêt de notre méthodologie nous détaillons son application à un problème concret : la détection des conflits armés intra-étatiques.
Chakroun, Abdellatif. "Problèmes stratégiques, conflits armés et consentement à l'intervention dans la région de l'Océan indien." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100038.
Full textLaval, Sylvie. "Journalisme dans les conflits armés : les incidences de la technologie sur les pratiques professionnelles." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30056.
Full textThe study deals about wars in which western countries are involved, from the Vietnam war (1962-1973) to the Afghanistan war (2001). The purpose is to analyse the influence of data keeping up, processing and transmission tools over professional pratices of different type of journalists (television, radio, agency, written press). The tools have been miniaturized and the number of their functions has increased. The way the journalist are connected with physical environment has changed. The relations with the actors of their social environment, population, armed forces, editorial staff have also changed. The production process is now different due to this evolution and to circulation of information speeding up. The profession suffers from structural transformations
Abba, Gana Souleymane. "Economie des guerres civiles : analyse économique des conflits armés intra-étatiques en Afrique Occidentale." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0103.
Full textThe civil wars in Africa are multiple, disastrous and multicausal. However analyses privilege frequently the identical causes connected to the ethnic or to the historic facts. It is proposed here, a different analysis by an economic approach. If in the sense of the classic or neo-classic economy, natural resources are an endowment constituting an absolute or comparative advantage, in Africa, they contribute to feed the intra-state wars punishing any effort of development. The exploitation of uranium in Niger, far from allowing an economic performance thanks to the income which it generates, represents a double source of "curse": in compliance with the "dutch disease" accompanied with the economic mediocrity which characterizes it but also constitutes a stake in which bases the armed rebellion
Baldé, Saïdou. "La justice pénale internationale et les conflits armés en Afrique subsaharienne : contribution à l’étude du droit international pénal." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10014/document.
Full textJonge, Oudraat Chantal de. "Les nations unies et les conflits internes mesures economiques coercitives et force armee." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020110.
Full textBaj, Giulia. "Droit de la responsabilité internationale et sujets non-étatiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0016.
Full textArmed non-state actors (ANSAs) have recently emerged as relevant actors within the international scenario. In fact, they are often involved in armed conflicts and frequently control territories belonging to states. Nonetheless, a gap in the regulation of ANSAs by international law exists. International law, in fact, is traditionally produced by states to regulate themselves. The emergence of non-state actors, like ANSAs, creates an obstacle in the functioning of the traditional, state-centric international law. Another issue connected to the regulation of ANSAs regards their identification. In fact, ANSAs evolve rapidly and often present characteristics belonging to different subcategories of armed groups. This creates difficulties in their identification and the consequent possible involvement in lawmaking activities.However, international practice shows a more and more frequent involvement of ANSAs in processes of production of legal instruments, such as international agreements with state authorities and self-regulation instruments. Various theories have been submitted regarding the compatibility of this practice with international law. Taking into consideration the aim of international law of meeting the needs of the international community, the involvement of ANSAs in lawmaking activities appears theoretically justified.This is consistent with the development of international law in the regulation of ANSAs. To solve the difficulties regarding normative efficiency caused by the state-centric conception of international law, this state-centric approach has been abandoned and several provisions binding ANSAs have been adopted in several branches of international law. This practice has been theoretically justified as well.Considering the development of international practice and the theoretical approach based in the pursuit of the needs of the international community, it appears possible, both from a practical and theoretical perspective, to engage with ANSAs in activities of production of rules of international law
Smaoui, Maroua. "Étude de l’effet d’interaction de la température et du potentiel agricole sur l’incidence des conflits armés." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/12000.
Full textMaskrot, El Idrissi Latifa. "La protection des populations civiles victimes de conflits armés ayant entraîné le prononcé d'un embargo international." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10029.
Full textAivo, Gérard. "Le statut de combattant dans les conflits armés non internationaux : etude critique de droit international humanitaire." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30053.
Full textBefore the Geneva Conventions of 1949, only the international armed conflicts were regulated by the law of the war. This last one could apply in the civil wars only after the recognition of the rebel forces as belligerent party. Now, since the Second World War we attended an increase in non-International armed conflicts. But the Geneva Conventions of 1949 dedicated them only the common article 3; then the additional Protocol II of 1977 came to complete it. These two texts contain numerous gaps, in particular the absence of definition of the "combatants" and the "civilians", making so difficult the respect for the principle of distinction nevertheless essential for the protection of the civil populations. These rules do not regulate either the means and the war methods. Besides the normative gaps, there are material problems which complicate the effective implementation of the relevant rules. It is in particular about the participation of the civil populations in the hostilities, including the children-Soldiers and the mercenaries. The absence of combatant's status in the non-International armed conflicts appears as the main problem compromising the efficiency of the international humanitarian law. Does not this one contribute to the non compliance with this law by the armed groups? Would it be necessary to confer this status to these last ones to bring them to apply the international humanitarian law or to envisage the other means? Which one?
Kalhor, Alireza. "La participation directe dans les conflits armés et la notion de combattant : l'externalisation des activités militaires." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20001.
Full textThe notion of direct participation in hostilities has never been precisely defined in international humanitarian law. This ambiguity has led to differing interpretations of the concept of hostilities and legal criteria imply a distinction from direct participation in hostilities as opposed indirect participation (war effort).Indeed, contemporary conflicts have given rise to further challenges in terms of defining and implementing the notion of direct participation in hostilities. The use of high-tech warfare (computer network attack), privatization of the armed forces (private military company), among others, illustrate the increased intermingling of civilian and military activities which make it difficult to determine who is taking a direct part in hostilities and what measures should be taken to protect those who are not directly participating
Brites, Osorio de Oliveira Alice. "Repenser la justice transitionnelle à partir du cas colombien : le vivant comme victime des conflits armés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0004.
Full textThe peace agreement between the FARC-EP guerrillas and the Colombian government signed in 2016 opens up a possibility for the transition from an armed conflict that has lasted more than half a century to peace. In this case, this agreement establishes the creation of an Integral System for Peace composed by mechanisms that build truth, reparation and reconciliation and that promote the participation of victims in all processes. In 2019, the legal component of this Integral System, named Special Jurisdiction for Peace (Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz - JEP), granted war victim status to the territories of ethnic peoples. This decision is based on their cosmologies and on the perspectives of endogenous normative systems, where non-human living things have a place as a subject. Our research work proposes to analyze, based on the case study, the coordination between different scales of justice (global/local) and the importance of extending the victim status of armed conflicts to non-humans. This question evokes the need to go beyond "classic" forms of thinking about the of armed conflicts resolution, which often impose solutions based on the imposition of a peace concept, results in the establishment of development models and "modernization" of societies and a notion of reparation which consists in particular in material or monetary reparation for the victims. The transitional model proposed by the Special Jurisdiction for Peace touches on other languages and ways of making the world and consists of rethinking the notions of justice, reparation and reconciliation from a pluriversal perspective (from different ontologies), recognizing the importance of endogenous rights for deeper conflict resolution and reconciliation, including not only the repair of links between humans but also between human and non-human, living things as an inseparable and interdependent whole. Based on an anthropo-legal approach combining the examination of legislative and regulatory texts and a field research stay, this thesis made it possible to carry out a critical study of the current model of transitional justice in Colombia. Anthropological analyzes demonstrate the first steps towards a way of conceiving the law as a vector for rethinking the resolution of conflicts from the concept of socio-ecological coviability, towards a notion of peace and reconciliation which has as its basis the repair of the eco-social network
Sambou, Christian. "Les conflits armés ouest-africains : Sénégal, Mali et Côte-d'Ivoire. Lecture des guerres pour la reconnaissance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASU013.
Full textThe thesis we propose focuses on "West African armed conflicts: Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast". We contribute to analyze these conflicts toward a new perspective of "wars for recognition".Our research brings two major innovations to the field of internal armed conflicts study. Through case studies, we explore several problems, first the manifestation of these conflicts. We have thus devoted particular interest to distinguish forms of political violence - secessionist violence, opportunistic violence - that characterize conflicts whose interpretation has remained homogenous. Such an approach has allowed us to demonstrate the diversity of rebel movements violence's motivations against central governments. We analyze secessionist violence in Casamance (Senegal) and Azawad (Mali), which we distinguish from rebel violence for the conquest of central power in Côte d'Ivoire, conceptualized as "opportunistic violence”.Second, we propose a new and critical reading of these conflicts by arguing that rebel movements engage in war for the recognition of equal dignity within the state. This commitment is made in the name of social groups with which they identify and which evolve in territories whose independence and/or autonomy they claim. The thesis of wars for recognition is applicable to the cases of armed conflict in Senegal and Mali.We consider the armed conflicts that oppose rebel movements to the central government as effects of symbolic violence. Frustration, denial of autonomy, lack of empathy, denial of civil rights are sources of conflict. The violent behavior of rebel movements is analyzed as characteristic of a war for recognition. Our reading of the conflicts opens a critical view regarding a classical framework dominated by economist and rationalist paradigms
Simon, Christine. "Le conflit armé interne : un concept ambigu et contemporain." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10037.
Full textThe jurdical complexity, the actuality of the action and the "savoir-faire" are the main features of the internal armed conflict. Ignored until 1949 by the international legislation, the internal armed conflict will begin to be recognized with the adoption of the article 3 commun to the four conventions of geneva in 1949. This acknowledgment will expand with the adoption of the protocol ii additional to the covnentions of 1949 which finally admits. Withn the context of the internal armed conflict, the existence of some measures intending to limit the suffering due to the war. However it will be difficult tu put these leasures into practice because it calls into question the principle of sovenignty. The internal armed conflict emobies two aspects which raise the problem of the interpretation and the implementation of the lmegislation. These aspects are : - the situation of trouble and internal tension as a prelimary phase or the secret existence of an internal armed conflict. - the internal armed conflict internationalized by the fact of a foreign intervention. Within the context of the internal armed conflict, the aid operations are going to pose the question of the humanitarian intervention of the foreib states
Bannelier, Christakis Karine. "La protection de l'environnement en temps de conflit armé." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010331.
Full textDesportes, Vincent. "Le piège américain : contribution à la compréhension des comportements des armées américaines dans les conflits, en particulier dans les conflits de type asymétrique." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE4004.
Full textOn account of the place and the role of the United States in the world, it is essential to understand the reasons of the military difficulties they are facing currently. This is the objective of this thesis: to understand the behaviour, and its consequences, of the US armed forces in war, particularly in asymmetric warfare. The analysis show easily the importance of the strategic military culture: it seems to be now the first handicap of the US armed forces. The purpose will be first to describe the roots of the US strategic culture and of its different dimensions: history and the building up of this nation ; geography which shape the vision of war ; the importance of the people ; conceptual influences which participated to the unconscious building of the strategic culture. We will characterize the expression of the US military power then we will define its limits and we will see its bad adaptation to the new types of conflicts in witch the USA is currently committed and will be committed tomorrow. Finally, we will try to define what are the main characteristics of this strategic culture that must imperatively change if the USA wants to preserve the main dimension of their power which is their military power
Michaloudi, Roumpini. "La justification de l'intervention armée unilatérale dans la cadre des conflits intra-étatiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA002.
Full textThis thesis examines the arguments and the modalities of justification of the military interventions of States, of the coalitions of the willing and of the regional organizations in the internal conflicts of other States by virtue of the international law, when these interventions take place outside the framework of the UNO. This type of intervention is current nowadays given that the intra-state conflicts constitute the overwhelming majority of world conflicts and taking into consideration the multidimensional crisis of the UNO. The justifications invoked by States as well as by the doctrine aim to legalize or at least to legitimize what would be considered at first sight as an illegal use of force under the law of the United Nations and in particular under the principle of non- intervention in civil wars
Da, Sanbèlè Dominique. "Les organisations internationales économiques et la consolidation de la paix dans les Etats sortant de conflits armés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD007/document.
Full textPeacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict is a multidimensional and complex undertaking that requires significant resources (financial, technical, human …). Among a wide spectrum of actors in this field, it is relevant to focus on the precise role and contribution of international economic organizations whose intervention in fragile countries including post-conflict, is very often criticized. The economic international organizations concerned are international financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, and regional development banks), regional economic communities (ECOWAS, ECCAS, ASEAN ...), and OECD. In order to increase the chances of achieving peacebuilding, it is necessary to determine whether these international economic organizations are an integral part of the solution or rather if they are the problem. First of all, the analysis is focused on the legality and the intervention tools (financial mechanisms, technical mechanisms ...) of international economic organizations in post-conflict contexts. Then the impact of their method and their intervention tools on achieving the objectives of peacebuilding, is discussed. Recurrent priorities of peacebuilding and those specific to one or some post-conflict countries are particularly addressed. Finally, given the constant changes occurring in post-conflict contexts, and as the Secretary General of the United Nations has often reiterated in his different reports on peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict, it necessary to improve the involvement of different actors. In the same vein, optimization outlooks for the intervention of international economic organizations in peacebuilding are identified
Aparac, Jelena. "La responsabilité internationale des entreprises multinationales pour les crimes internationaux commis dans les conflits armés non internationaux." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100031.
Full textThe nature of armed conflict has shifted significantly in recent decades, becoming increasingly asymmetrical. Multiple studies show that more a state is rich in natural resources, the more likely it is to suffer a long-term internal conflict. Amongst different actors, multinational (or transnational) corporations contribute directly and/or indirectly not only to the conflict, but also to the crimes that may then arise. Private military and security companies, extractive industries, and private financial institutions are particularly likely to be involved in criminal conduct. The first part of this thesis examines the progressive crystallization of substantive law and the foundation of the theory of international responsibility of multinational corporations for international crimes. Unlike the traditional state-based approach of public international law, international humanitarian law, which is applicable in times of armed conflict, places clear and binding legal obligations on non-state actors, and thus also multinational corporations. As a result, this law, as well as international criminal law, can be a foundation for the international responsibility of multinational corporations. This postulate has been accepted since the Nuremberg trials, which for the first time dismissed the principle of societas delinquere non potest and recognized the role of corporations in armed conflict. Despite the proliferation of soft law initiatives relating to corporate social responsibility, it is clear that these are insufficient as they fail to take into account situations of armed conflict. In addition, to justify the applicability of international humanitarian law to corporations, the research identifies the status of companies, their obligations, the consequences of violations of these obligations and establishes the modalities of the attribution of the crimes to the corporations, and analyses the direct and indirect forms of participation of the multinational corporations in the crimes. The second part of the thesis explores possibilities for the implementation of corporate responsibility before international mechanisms and tribunals. In particular, the author is studying the option of engaging the responsibility of multinational corporations before the criminal mechanisms, including before the International Criminal Court (with the amendment of the Rome Statute). Finally, the thesis ends with a study of mechanisms that do not fall under the criminal logic. Therefore, the author is exploring the most suitable opportunity before various institutions specialized either in human rights or international economic law. The author completes the study with a consideration of the documentation of corporate crimes, either through official investigations or by those conducted by civil society and People’s tribunals. The author concludes that the path of international criminal procedure is the most appropriate for the implementation of the responsibility of multinational corporations for their participation in international crimes without excluding other existing competent mechanisms that may constitute complementary proceedings
Ranjbarian, Amir Hossein. "La criminalisation des violations graves du droit international humanitaire commises au cours de conflits armés non internationaux." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131015.
Full textMashimango, Abou-Bakr Abélard. "Transnationalisme éthnique, états et conflits armés : approches sociopolitiques de la bellicité dans la Corne de l'Afrique : 1961-2006." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_matray_m.pdf.
Full textWars present a causal chain which introduces the question of the ethnicity and the formation of the State-nation. The conflicts in the Horn of Africa today are part of this register of the identity wars with international and transnational confrontations. Indeed, studying the phenomenon of contemporary African wars requires a historical, sociological and political analysis based on a multidisciplinary approach of polemology and a geopolitical culture which, at the same time, lead to the colonial and postcolonial African studies. It involves building a deepen reflection of the wars in the contemporary international system, while insisting on several units of analysis and, especially, the political sociology of various actors to overcome the common and simplified sense expressed by some conception to explain the nature of the wars which prevail in Horn of Africa. The interdependence between the national, the international and the transnational aspects proves the meaning to set reference marks. Our study focuses on the fundamentals aspects of the transnationalism approach, the theory of the ethnicity, the conflict studies and geopolitics
Azar, Rosalie. "Les guerres d'enfants : causes, résolution et prévention : perspective socio-historique de la participation des enfants aux conflits armés." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0002.
Full textIn many conflicts, the active participation of children is under-estimated. Though, it goes back to ancient times, the child soldier has changed over time, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This increase is not without consequences on the nature of warfare itself. Conflicts become « children’s wars », more violent and less organised than adults’wars. If there is a change in the nature of such conflicts, there must be a change of perspective in the way they are solved and prevented. It is then fundamental to understand the various problems of the DDR processes in order to know how they can be addressed. Incentives for children must also be proposed in order to give them the desire to go back to civil life, by addressing their economic, social, educational and professional needs. The social community cannot be left outside these processes. It becomes also essential to direct our efforts toward the prevention of children’s wars. The multiplication of actors interested in prevention is a tremendous chance to come to that result : states, regions, sub-regions, the Security Council and the ICC show that many preventive rungs may exist. The recruitment and participation of children in conflicts appears as the result of a four-level-equation : it needs to be seen as a humanitarian issue, a violation of fundamental children’s rights, a denial of the right to social development, and a security matter. Consequently, in order to prevent children’s wars, it is absolutely essential to acknowledge this multiplicity and to address it quickly and comprehensively
Okila, Vinc Denalet. "La reconstruction économique des territoires ravagés par des conflits armés au regard de la Charte des Nations Unies." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD068/document.
Full textRésumé non communiqué
Kalifa, Osama. "La protection des enfants pendant les conflits armés : Étude comparative entre le droit international et le droit Libyen." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0121/document.
Full textThe protection of children during armed conflict - Comparative study between international law and Libyan lawChildren are a vulnerable group in society and as such they require special protection, especially in times of armed conflict where their rights may be violated, whether they belong to the civilian population or they are militarily involved in armed conflict. This protection is a recent problem and remains more than ever current. It raises the question of what is the purpose of the specificity announced to the extent that there is already a general protection of civilians. Must we then understand that the latter is insufficient to protect children in war situations? Also, does the general as well as the specific protection applied to children vary according to whether the armed conflict is international or non-international? All of these questions will be the subject of the first part of the thesis entitled: « The protection of civilian children in times of armed conflict ».The second part of the thesis on « The protection of child soldiers in times of armed conflict » examines the legal consequences of the participation of children in hostilities. And in this context, whether these children captured by the enemy will get the status of prisoner of war and whether they will be criminally prosecuted in case of commission of war crimes. The other issue raised in this section is the responsibility of the State, the group, the individual, who recruits children for use in armed conflict, despite their commitment not to do so. . The case of Libya appears here the most indicated; indeed, the country has dealt with these issues in its legislation which however presents flaws that we highlight, especially since in that state broke out in February 2011 a war where are recruited and used children
Kalifa, Osama. "La protection des enfants pendant les conflits armés : Étude comparative entre le droit international et le droit Libyen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0121.
Full textThe protection of children during armed conflict - Comparative study between international law and Libyan lawChildren are a vulnerable group in society and as such they require special protection, especially in times of armed conflict where their rights may be violated, whether they belong to the civilian population or they are militarily involved in armed conflict. This protection is a recent problem and remains more than ever current. It raises the question of what is the purpose of the specificity announced to the extent that there is already a general protection of civilians. Must we then understand that the latter is insufficient to protect children in war situations? Also, does the general as well as the specific protection applied to children vary according to whether the armed conflict is international or non-international? All of these questions will be the subject of the first part of the thesis entitled: « The protection of civilian children in times of armed conflict ».The second part of the thesis on « The protection of child soldiers in times of armed conflict » examines the legal consequences of the participation of children in hostilities. And in this context, whether these children captured by the enemy will get the status of prisoner of war and whether they will be criminally prosecuted in case of commission of war crimes. The other issue raised in this section is the responsibility of the State, the group, the individual, who recruits children for use in armed conflict, despite their commitment not to do so. . The case of Libya appears here the most indicated; indeed, the country has dealt with these issues in its legislation which however presents flaws that we highlight, especially since in that state broke out in February 2011 a war where are recruited and used children
Sousa, José Luís Caetano Higino de. "As implicações do tráfico de armas sobre a paz e a segurança na África Central - a região dos Grandes Lagos no período de 2006-2012." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11404.
Full textCario, Jérôme. "Le droit des conflits armés ou la limitation de nuire dans ses règlements et ses moyens appliqués aux conflits contemporains en particulier à l'Irak et à la Somalie." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT3028.
Full textLe, Bot Yvon. "Communauté, violence et modernité : luttes sociales, question ethnique et conflits armés en Amérique centrale et en Amérique andine : 1970-1992." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0022.
Full textHassoumi, Kountche Boubacar. "L'application du droit international humanitaire et des droits fondamentaux dans les conflits armés auxquels prennent part des entités non étatiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC002/document.
Full textWhen the instruments of international humanitarian law had to be modernized, the non-international armed conflict was an epiphenomenon and its advent has always been considered a disruptive element of a deeply internationalized international scene. Nevertheless, the growing importance of this type of conflict has highlighted the ever-increasing role of a new type of actors, namely non-State armed groups. From now on, they are the major actors of conflicts largely majority. For this reason, we believe that it is time to change the approach and review the solutions proposed in the applicable international instruments. For all these reasons and to adapt the law to the realities of current conflicts, an approach stripped of any ideological and pejorative burden must take precedence over the current one. Similarly, it is fundamentally necessary to make these groups bear the consequences of their actions by committing their international responsibility