Journal articles on the topic 'Conflitti locali'
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1
Pellegrino, Vincenza. "Conflitti ambientali e nuovi soggetti politici. Le rivolte "eco-epidemiologiche"." SOCIETÀ DEGLI INDIVIDUI (LA), no. 42 (January 2012): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/las2011-042007.
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Questo saggio ha come oggetto di riflessione i conflitti ambientali, i nuovi soggetti politici che ne sono protagonisti e le visioni collettive che paiono centrarsi in maniera inedita sulla cattiva gestione delle risorse locali e sui conseguenti rischi per la salute pubblica. Nuovi soggetti politici appunto (comitati, associazioni, movimenti) che operano l'articolazione fra discorsi scientifici (dati sull'inquinamento, previsioni ecc.) e discorsi politici (orientamenti valoriali e dibattiti sulle decisioni da prendere per il futuro). A partire da alcuni casi di studio (la questione dei rifiuti in Campania, quella degli inceneritori in Emilia Romagna) l'articolo conduce una breve analisi sulle forme argomentative adottate da questi gruppi, sulle modalitÀ di intendere il rapporto con le istituzioni democratiche e con la scienza (con amministratori e\o con esperti), sui processi interni di leadership e sull'idea di ‘rivolta' da condurre.
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Bignamini, Angelo A. "Limits and challenges of the ICH GCP requirements." Medicina e Morale 47, no. 4 (August 31, 1998): 691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1998.825.
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Dalla pubblicazione della GCP europea (1991) vi è stato un progressivo spostamento dal primario interesse per la protezione dei diritti del soggetto, verso la garanzia formale della completezza dei dati, a torto confusa con la “credibilità”.
Ciò causa conflitti e ritardi nell'approvazione etica e sembra dovuto allo scollamento fra i criteri di stesura dei protocolli nelle aziende farmaceutiche o i criteri con cui alcune autorità sanitarie emettono raccomandazioni per l'esecuzione di studi clinici, ed i criteri secondo i quali i CdE dovrebbero valutare il protocollo per garantire una reale protezione dei diritti del soggetto: conformità con la legge civile e penale; compatibilità con la pratica terapeutica e con l'etica e la deontologia medica; adeguatezza alla condizione culturale, etica, morale e religiosa localmente prevalente; rispetto dei principi di uguale opportunità e giustizia per l'accesso allo studio.
La GCP e le altre raccomandazioni sono considerate solo in questo contesto. Non sono invece considerati criteri interni allo sponsor (SOPs), né eventuali diversi criteri applicabili in altre sedi.
Si suggerisce quindi a sponsor e autorità sanitarie di incorporare tali considerazioni in protocolli e raccomandazioni; di ricordare che la ricerca clinica è soprattutto un atto terapeutico; che non necessariamente un protocollo deve essere identico dappertutto, purché ne sia rispettata l'integrità. Gli elementi non chiave devono essere considerati suscettibili di adattamento secondo le specifiche caratteristiche locali. Ciò suggerisce di limitare il processo in atto di centralizzazione delle procedure di stesura e approvazione etica dei protocolli, lasciando maggiore autonomia alle realtà operative locali.
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Montani, Guido. "IDEOLOGY, UTOPIA AND THE CRISIS OF POLITICS." Il Politico 252, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ilpolitico.2020.294.
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I partiti politici che si ispirano ai valori del liberalismo, della democrazia e del socialismo non riescono più a concepire un progetto di lungo periodo per i propri concittadini e per l’umanità. Dopo il crollo del Muro di Berlino, grandi e piccole potenze hanno avviato una sordida lotta per la supremazia mondiale, alimentando conflitti locali e globali, e il ritorno del nazionalismo come ideologia dominante. In questo saggio si intende mostrare che la tesi sulla “fine delle ideologie” è infondata: le ideologie tradizionali sono incapaci di progettare un futuro di progresso perché subiscono passivamente l’ideologia della sovranità assoluta degli stati e della guerra giusta per difendere gli interessi nazionali. Il futuro dell’umanità è minacciato da una nuova corsa agli armamenti nucleari e convenzionali, ai quali i governi dedicano immense risorse, che dovrebbero invece servire per salvare il Pianeta dal surriscaldamento climatico, dallo sterminio della vita animale e vegetale e dalle pandemie. La via intrapresa dai popoli europei, con la costruzione della prima Unione sovranazionale della storia, dovrebbe ispirare anche le politiche necessarie per la costruzione di un ordine mondiale fondato sulla cooperazione pacifica tra stati e l’avvio di politiche che si propongano di consentire ai cittadini del mondo di godere dei medesimi diritti di libertà e solidarietà che, seppure imperfettamente, si sono realizzati in Europa. Il progresso dell’umanità è un’utopia positiva che può diventare realtà.
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Yahya, M. M., and M. M. Ahmed. "Causes and effects of conflicts between cattle herders and crop farmers in Girei, Adamawa State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 6 (February 28, 2021): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i6.2921.
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Crop farmers and cattle herders' conflict have remained the most prevailing resource-use conflict in Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State. Social and economic factors confined to inflame violent conflicts. The competition between these two Agricultural land user-groups threats the means of survival in the study area. The study describes the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers and herders and determines the causes of conflict in the study area. Primary data collected using structured questionnaire were subjected to simple percentages and chi-square analysis. The study revealed that the major causes of conflict in the study area are the crop damage by cattle, and lawlessness in the society. The findings also revealed that loss of expected yield, loss of cattle and loss of human lives and properties are the major effects of conflict. The study also concludes that the conflicts sometimes spread and lead to ethnic clashes and armed robbery. Therefore, it is in the interest of the state to address the genuine needs of herders and crop farmers since these two provides employment for almost all the rural people. In order to put an end to this conflict, it is therefore recommended that strange faces identified should be reported and leaders should preach the implications of conflict in the society.
Le conflit entre les agriculteurs et les éleveurs de bétail pose un grand problème qui est le plus répandu dans la région du gouvernement local de Girei, dans l'État d'Adamawa. Les facteurs sociaux et économiques servent à enflammer des conflits violents. La concurrence entre ces deux groupes d'usagers des terres agricoles menace les moyens de survie dans la zone d'étude. L'étude décrit les caractéristiques socio-économiques des agriculteurs et des éleveurs et détermine les causes des conflits dans la zone d'étude. Les données primaires collectées à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré ont été soumises à des pourcentages simples et à une analyse du chi carré. L'étude a révélé que les principales causes de conflit dans la zone d'étude sont les dommages causés aux cultures par le bétail et l'anarchie dans la société. Les résultats ont également révélé que la perte de rendement, la perte de bétail et lacperte de vies humaines et de propriétés sont les principaux effets du conflit. L'étude conclutcégalement que les conflits se propagent parfois et conduisent à des affrontements ethniquescet des vols à main armée. Il est donc dans l'intérêt de l'État de répondre aux besoins réels descéleveurs et des agriculteurs, car ces deux moyens fournissent des emplois à presque tous lescruraux. Afin de mettre un terme à ce conflit, il est donc recommandé de signaler les visagescétranges identifiés et les dirigeants devraient sensibiliser aux implications des conflits danscla société.
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Pablo Matta, Juan, and Mariana Inés Godoy. "El Movimiento de Mediación en Argentina: procesos, tensiones y afirmaciones." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/repam.v10i1.19721.
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Resumo:Este artigo pretende contribuir, de uma perspectiva antropológica, ao estudo de mediação de conflitos como sensibilidade legal local e particular e uma forma específica de administração de conflitos. As características mais marcantes do processo de formação deste campo na Argentina, que envolve um conjunto heterogêneo e, ao mesmo tempo, poroso de agentes judiciais, atores políticos, fundações e agências internacionais, são descritas, em primeiro lugar, a partir de fontes documentais, entrevistas e textos especializados. Em seguida, a partir de duas questões etnográficas sobre as experiências de mediação em contextos locais, apresentamos a diversidade de formas que a mediação de conflitos pode assumir. Do mesmo modo, pudemos perceber a heterogeneidade de procedimentos, conceitos e critérios de tratamento do conflito e as dimensões específicas e comuns em torno do conceito de mediação comunitária e de mediação penal. O trabalho de campo permitiu observar que a mediação se afirma a partir dos esforços dos atores institucionais em seu trabalho cotidiano em se opor e se diferenciarem de outras concepções e universos institucionais. Além disso, foi possível observar a grande sobreposição e porosidade entre informalidade e burocratização, mediação e administração de conflitos, que transbordam o campo judiciário ou a ele permanecem presas.Palavras-Chave: mediação de conflitos; campo; sensibilidade legal; administração de conflitos. ***Resumen:El presente artículo busca contribuir, desde una perspectiva antropológica, al estudio de la Mediación como sensibilidad legal particular y forma específica de administración de conflictos. Se describe en primer término, a partir de fuentes documentales, entrevistas y textos especializados, los rasgos más sobresalientes del proceso de conformación de este campo en Argentina, que involucra un conjunto heterogéneo y a la vez poroso de actores judiciales, políticos, fundaciones y organismos internacionales. En un segundo momento, a partir de presentar un recorte de dos indagaciones etnográficas sobre experiencias de mediación concretas en escenarios locales, se muestra la diversidad de formas que ésta puede asumir, dando cuenta de la heterogeneidad de procedimientos, conceptos y criterios de tratamiento del conflicto, y lo particular y común que rodea al concepto de mediación comunitaria y penal. En tanto campo, la mediación se afirma a partir de los esfuerzos de actores institucionales concretos en su trabajo cotidiano de oponerse y diferenciarse de otras concepciones y universos institucionales, y sin embargo lo que observamos es la gran imbricación y porosidad entre informalidad y burocratización, mediación y administración, lo que desborda lo judicial y lo que queda atrapado allí.Palabras clave: mediación de conflictos; campo; sensibilidad legal; administración de conflictos ***Abstract:This article seeks to contribute, from an anthropological perspective, the study of conflict mediation as a particular legal sensibility and as a specific form of conflict management. From documentary sources, interviews and specialized texts on this subject, the salient features of the mediation forming process in Argentina is described. It involves an heterogeneous, yet porous group of judicial actors, politicians, foundations, international agencies. Secondly, taking into consideration two ethnographic issues on experiences in mediation in local scenerios, we show the diversity that this may assume. Accordingly, we show heterogeneity procedures, concepts and criteria of conflict treatment. We also consider particular as well as common concepts that support communal and criminal mediation. In field work we have observed that conflict mediation is consolidated through the efforts of institutional actors in their daily work to oppose and to differentiate themselves from other concepts and institutional universes. Nevertheless, what we see is a large overlap and porosity between informality and bureaucratization in mediation management that goes beyond the judicial field and of what remains trapped in it.Key words: mediation of conflicts; field; legal sensibility; conflict management.
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Lima, Iana Bezerra, and Luís Othon Bastos. "Conflitos de poder entre profissionais da saúde." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 2, no. 3 (June 29, 2008): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.353-11415-1-le.0203200814.
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ABSTRACT This study to aim carry through a theoretical analysis on the power conflicts in the human relations, in the organizations and, particularly its implications in the relations among health professionals, stimulating the revision of attitudes on the profession exercise, aiming at patient’s satisfaction with the professional and better quality of the interaction profissional/patient. Relationship models profissional/patient was emphasized and the trend of humanization of the service given in the health units. Amongst others analyses, we showed the conflict is a fact in any interpersonal relationship and, in the work place, it is a natural and expected phenomenon that, when administered constructively, can strengthen the relations. The work environment without the creativity and the progress resulting from the conflicts is boring. The ignored conflict has a tendency to aggravate. Soon, it is suggested they take steps and when the positive confrontation is used, be administed. Descriptors: conflicts; power; health; professional; patient; hospital.RESUMOFoi objetivo desse estudo realizar uma análise teórica sobre os conflitos de poder nas relações humanas, nas organizações e, particularmente, suas implicações nas relações entre profissionais de saúde, estimulando a revisão de atitudes durante o exercício da profissão, visando à satisfação do paciente com o profissional e melhor qualidade da interação profissional/paciente. Enfatizou-se modelos de relacionamento profissional/paciente e a tendência de humanização do serviço prestado em unidades de saúde. Percebeu-se que o conflito é um fato em qualquer relação interpessoal e, no local de trabalho, é um fenômeno natural e esperado que, quando administrado construtivamente, pode fortalecer as relações interpessoais. O ambiente de trabalho sem a criatividade e o progresso decorrentes dos conflitos é entediante e pouco criativo. Logo, sugere-se que medidas sejam tomadas e a confrontação positiva, seja administrada. Descritores: conflitos; poder; profissionais; saúde; paciente; hospital.RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis teórico sobre los conflictos de poder en las relaciones humanas en las organizaciones, y particularmente sus implicancias en las relaciones entre los profesionales de salud; estimulando una revisión de actitudes durante el ejercicio de la profesión, teniendo como objetivo la satisfacción del paciente con el profesional y mejor calidad de interacción profesional/paciente. Se enfatizaron modelos de relacionamiento profesional/paciente y la tendencia de humanización del servicio prestado en las unidades de salud. Se encontró que el conflicto es un hecho en cualquier relación interpersonal y en el lugar de trabajo, es un fenómeno natural y esperado que, cuando es administrado de manera constructiva, puede fortalecer las relaciones. El ambiente del trabajo sin la creatividad y el transcurrir de los conflictos es tedioso y poco creativo. Sugiriéndose que medidas sean tomadas y la confrontación positiva sea administrada. Descriptores: conflictos; poder; profesional; salud; paciente; hospital.
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Eichenauer, Eva, and Ludger Gailing. "What Triggers Protest?—Understanding Local Conflict Dynamics in Renewable Energy Development." Land 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101700.
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The expansion of renewable energy infrastructure comes with increasing conflicts at local level that significantly impede the expansion of renewable energy in Germany and impact the realization of national and international climate goals. In some conflicts, rural communities are torn apart and social relations strained beyond the energy conflict. Other projects are realized with no or only minor disruption. To researchers, project developers and local politicians alike, it seems unpredictable as to which way local energy conflicts evolve. Thus, the paper aims to shed light on conflict dynamics and identifies a number of aspects that influence local energy conflicts. The paper applies a conflict theoretical perspective on local energy conflicts. Rather than identifying energy conflicts as a sign of dysfunctionality, conflicts are seen as an important element of a democratic society struggling to find the best way through the transformation towards decarbonization. Based on qualitative research on local energy conflicts in five German municipalities the paper analyzes aspects that encourage constructive conflicts and aspects that impede such developments. With reference to Dahrendorf’s conditions of conflict the categories of energy conflicts are systematized within an analytical framework according to conditions of organization, conflict and change. These categories and aspects are embedded in specific local conditions, making conflicts on the one hand typical and on the other very specific. They are also entry points for dealing constructively with the conflicts.
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Jamin, Mohammad. "SOCIAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION THROUGH EMPOWERMENT OF LOCAL WISDOMS." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 9, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v9i1.39430.
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Ethnic, religious, race, and cultural diversity, as well as a large number of populations, are a treasure and strength for the Indonesian people, but on the other hand, it can be potential social conflicts that jeopardize the national integrity. Local wisdom which lived generations by generations and owned by the various local community is a social asset that can be empowered in social conflict resolution. Local wisdom plays an important role, not only preventing social conflict but also providing breakthroughs to resolve conflicts that occurred. Law Number 7 of 2012 concerning Social Conflicts Resolution which reflects the principles of local wisdom, it should be more empower those principles into reality. This empowerment can be done by actualizing the values and institutionalize of local wisdom in social conflict resolution that is implemented at the stages of conflict prevention, termination of the conflict, and restoration of post-conflict.
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Sène, Abdourahmane Mbade. "Conflit Autour d’Un Espace Protégé : Cas du Parc National de Basse Casamance." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n5p36.
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Ce papier sur les espaces naturels protégés, s’inscrit dans un contexte national et international où les thématiques environnementales occupent une place de plus en plus importante dans les débats sociaux et les préoccupations politiques. Élément incontournable de la gestion des ressources naturelles, de l’aménagement des territoires et du développement durable, les espaces protégés traduisent des représentations très variables du rapport des sociétés à leur espace de vie. Ils sont les révélateurs des différences entre des modes concurrents de gouvernance des territoires. La méthodologie repose sur une recherche bibliographique et sur des enquêtes administrées par guides d’entretiens et par questionnaires. Les résultats permettent de comprendre les jeux et les stratégies d’acteurs en cours pour le contrôle et l’exploitation des ressources de l’aire protégée, mais également leur déclinaison ou leur transcription en plusieurs conflits latents ou ouverts et non au seul conflit ouvert de la crise casamançaise. Ils montrent également que le parc n’est pas à l’origine des conflits sur la scène locale, mais qu’il constitue un cadre qui facilite leur éclosion et leur lecture. Des recommandations sont enfin proposées sur des formes alternatives de gouvernance susceptibles d’apaiser ou de réguler les conflits autour du Parc.
This paper on protected natural areas falls within national and international context where environmental themes occupy an increasingly important place in social debates and political concerns. An essential element in the management of natural resources, regional planning and sustainable development, protected areas reflect very variable representations of the relationship of societies to their living space. They reveal the differences between competing modes of territorial governance. The methodology is based on bibliographic research and on surveys administered by interview guides and questionnaires. The results make it possible to understand the games and the strategies of actors in progress for the control and the exploitation of the resources of the protected area, but also their variation or their transcription in several latent or open conflicts and not only to the open conflict of the Casamance crisis. They also show that the park is not at the origin of conflicts on the local scene, but that it constitutes a framework which facilitates their hatching and their interpretation. Recommendations are finally proposed on alternative forms of governance likely to appease or regulate conflicts around the Park.
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Castillo Castillo, Sebastián. "Entre las autoridades, la agricultura comercial y las comunidades locales: conflictos durante la construcción del embalse Puclaro (1996-2001)." Revista de Historia y Geografía, no. 33 (April 14, 2016): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07194145.33.368.
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ResumenDesde la implementación del sistema económico neoliberal en Chile, la agroindustria comercial de exportación se ha extendido en zonas limitadas de agua, requiriéndose embalses que han perjudicado a comunidades. Este trabajo se adscribe en la historia ambiental, rama de la disciplina histórica que devela la relación dinámica entre el hombre y el medioambiente que ha sido habitado, explotado y significado. La presente entrega analiza el conflicto entre autoridades estatales y pobladores afectados por procesos de erradicación y relocalización, en el Valle del Elqui durante la construcción del Embalse Puclaro. Este conflicto se evidenció en los contradictorios discursos realizados por autoridades y dirigentes vecinales, en las dispares formas de acción colectiva de los pobladores, y en las compensaciones recibidas y graves problemas que sufrieron los afectados. De esta manera, la investigación demuestra que la agricultura sustentada por embalses, genera efectos negativos e irreversibles sobre comunidades que pagan “el costo del progreso”.Palabras clave: Embalse Puclaro; Valle del Elqui; erradicación forzada; Gualliguaica; La PolvadaAmong authorities, commercial agriculture and local communities: conflicts during the constructionof Puclaro dam (1996-2001)AbstractSince the implementation of the neoliberal economic system in Chile, commercial export agribusiness has spread in limited water areas, requiring dams that have damaged communities. This work is included in the environmental history, a branch of the historical discipline that reveals the dynamic relationship between humans and the environment that has been occupied, exploited and meant. This paper examines the conflict between State authorities and residents affected by eradication and relocation processes at Elqui Valley during the construction of Puclaro Dam. This conflict was evident in the contradictory speeches made by officials and neighborhood leaders, in the disparate forms of collective action of affected people, compensations received and the serious problems suffered by the affected. Thus, research shows that agriculture sustained by dams generates negative and irreversible effects on communities that pay "the cost of progress."Keywords: Puclaro Dam; Elqui Valley; forced eradication; Gualliguaica; La PolvadaEntre as autoridades, a agricultura comercial e as comunidades locais: conflitos durante a construção deembalse Puclaro (1996-2001)ResumoDesde a execução do sistema econômico neoliberal no Chile, a agroindústria comercial de exportação tem-se estendido em áreas limitadas de água, requerendo-se de represas que prejudicam as comunidades. Este trabalho éatribuído na história ambiental, ramo da disciplina histórica que revela a relação dinâmica entre o homem e o meio ambiente que tem sido habitado, explorado e significado. O artigo analisa o conflito entre as autoridades estatais e as populações afetadas pelos processos de erradicação e de recolocação no Vale do Elqui durante a construção da represa Puclaro. Este conflito evidenciou-se nos discursos contraditórios realizados pelas autoridades e dirigentes vicinais, nasformas díspares de ação coletiva dos moradores e nas compensações recebidas e graves problemas que sofreram os afetados. Desta forma, a pesquisa mostra que a agricultura sustentada pela represa, gera efeitos negativos e irreversíveis sobre as comunidades que pagam “o custo do progresso..Palavras-chave: Represa Puclaro; Valle do Elqui: erradicação forçada; Gualliguaica; La Polvada
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Ivan Sliusarev, Ivan Sliusarev. "CURRENT ASPECTS OF STRATEGIC CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT." Socio World-Social Research & Behavioral Sciences 05, no. 03 (June 17, 2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/swd05032021062.
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The article examines the current components of strategic conflict management at the local government level. The importance of constructive conflicts that can prevent stagnation and stimulate further development of systems is emphasized. It is established that conflict management is aimed at choosing a method that will minimize the impact of negative emotions, give an objective description of the situation, determine further constructive actions of the parties to the conflict. It is emphasized that management without conflicts is impossible and the main strategies of conflict management in the system of local government are presented. It is noted that constructive conflict resolution provides certain options. Methods of conflict resolution, as well as their positive and negative sides, are described. The author's vision of an effective conflict management algorithm in the system of local government is presented and the need for proper assessment of the risk of conflicts to increase the effectiveness of this process is emphasized. Keywords: conflict management, local government, risk management, strategic conflict management, conflict resolution.
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ZVARYCH, Roman. "LOCAL CONFLICTS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 2(63) (2020): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2020.02.088.
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Introduction. The research of theoretical principles of the impact of local conflicts on the global economy requires an economic understanding of such strategic phenomena as the arms race, the creation of international alliances and the economic effects of military spending. The risks, threats and challenges of direct and indirect losses received by both sides of the conflict also have a negative impact on both third parties and the global economy as a whole. As a result, global leaders and actors involved in conflicts reflect on the effectiveness of their participation in the confrontation. That is why the analysis of local conflicts and assessment of their value in the global economy, given the direct participation of Ukraine in one of these, actualizes the research topic. The purpose is to analyze global changes that provoke local conflicts and research of the cost of local conflicts in the global economy. Methods. In the research process, a set of research methods and approaches were used: monographic and graphical methods, methods of system analysis, systematization, classification, logical, theoretical and generalizations. Results. The unfair distribution of the benefits of globalization threatens conflicts at the regional, national and international levels. Civil or internal wars became widespread, and these “new” wars became clear only in the context of political, economic, and military globalization. There is a correlation between rising war spending and increasing quantity of conflicts. The cost of conflict in the global economy is extremely high, because in addition to the destruction of families, communities and countries, conflicts have negative global economic consequences. The war in Ukraine has significantly affected its economy and financial system, leading to significant material losses due to the physical destruction of housing, infrastructure, social and industrial facilities. Conclusions. Global leaders and key global actors must act quickly and prevent escalation of local conflict. The protection of civilians and their property and the provision of humanitarian and medical assistance should be a priority for participants involved in existing conflicts. A favorable direction for overcoming local conflicts is “investment in humanity”, namely investment in stability, local infrastructure, in order to diversify resources and increase their efficiency. An audit of the costs and benefits of the parties to the conflict will help to understand that the economically they have short-term gain in times less than the income they would have received in the absence of these conflicts.
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Adeyeri, James Olusegun. "Niger Delta Environmental Degradation and Resource Control Conflict : A Post-Amnesty Analysis of the Yar’ Adua/Jonathan Administration Conflict Resolution and Peace Policy." Localities 7 (November 30, 2017): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15299/local.2017.11.7.189.
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Palmer, Christian Tobler. "Who owns the beach? Conflicts over public spaces in a tourism economy." Revista de Turismo Contemporâneo 7, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/2357-8211.2019v7n2id12460.
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ABSTRACT
As the town of Canoas has transitioned from a fishing village to a growing tourist town, the beaches have become the center of economic and cultural activities. The occupation of beaches by small scale vendors has created conflict among different groups including hotel developers, surfers, migrants, and local politicians. These groups have different aesthetics and ideas of public space, creating conflicting over what beaches should look like and how they should be used. This research analyzes the day to day practices through which different groups claim beach spaces and the ways these claims are challenged. These conflicts illustrate the struggles over environmental governance between municipal, state, and federal governments. This research contextualizes the occupation of public space in a longer legal history of land occupation and environmental protection in Brazil, examining the constant negotiations between traditional and legal systems of land rights.
Keywords: Beach. Public Spaces. Tourism. Brazil.
RESUMO
Desde que a cidade de Canoas passou de uma vila de pescadores para uma cidade turística crescente, as praias se tornarem o centro de atividades culturais e econômicas. Esta ocupação de praias por vendedoras criou conflitos entre diferentes grupos incluindo empresários hoteleiros, surfistas, migrantes e políticos locais. Estes grupos têm diferentes estética e ideias de espaço público, criando conflito de como as praias devem aparecer e como elas deverem ser usadas. Esta pesquisa analisa as práticas cotidianas através das quais diferentes grupos ocupam espaços de praia e como estas ocupações são contestadas. Esses conflitos ilustram a briga sobre governança ambiental entre o poder público municipal, estadual e federal. Esta pesquisa contextualiza a ocupação do espaço público em uma longa história jurídica de ocupação do terra e proteção ambiental no Brasil, examinando as constantes negociações entre os sistemas tradicionais e jurídicos de direitos à terra.
Palavras-Chave: Praia. Espaço Público. Turismo. Brasil.
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Sittie Maguid-Kusin and Zainodin M. Kusin. "Local Management Conflict Resolution Among Elementary Schools Principals In Maguindanao." Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities 1 (January 30, 2021): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pssh.v1i.63.
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The basic function of school principal is to resolve conflicts and this needs skillful principals to handle those problems, to come up with peaceful solutions and outcomes. The main focus of the study was to determine the Local Management Conflict Resolution among Elementary Schools Principals in Maguindanao. The descriptive correlation method of research was used in this study. It was conducted at 20 Central Elementary Schools in Maguindanao -1 Division with a total of 150 teachers participated in the study. The data gathered were analyzed using SPSS. The statistical tools used were weighted average mean and regression analysis.The Level of Conflict Resolution Skills of Elementary Schools Principals in Maguindanao were rated negotiated that described their skills in conflict resolution in terms of negotiation with a grand mean of 3.42, Mediation were rated highly mediated with a grand mean of 3.57. The Extent of conflict management of the Elementary Schools Principals in the Province of Maguindanao to manage conflict of teachers vs teachers were rated satisfactory with a grand mean of 3.31, teachers vs pupils 3.35. Moreover, the conflict resolution skills of elementary schools principals in Maguindanao were manifested and conflicts were managed most of the time by the principals. The influence between the levels of conflict resolution skills of elementary schools principals in Maguindanao to principals’ management was Significant. It is recommended that conflict resolution skills of elementary schools principals in Maguindanao need to improve and strengthen it for self-development to manage all the time the conflicts very well.
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Grebliauskienė, Beata, and Jurgita Gižaitė-Tulabienė. "Taikinamosios žiniasklaidos raiška kultūrinių konfliktų komunikacijoje: G. Wilderso filmo Fitna atvejis." Informacijos mokslai 62 (January 1, 2012): 33–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2012.0.1583.
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Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas žiniasklaidos vaidmuo šiandienėje kultūrinių konfliktų komunikacijoje. Dabartiniu metu vis dažniau lokalūs konfliktai nušviečiami globaliu mastu, o žiniasklaida, aptardama tuos konfliktus iš nešališkos stebėtojos tampa tų konfliktų dalyve. Taip įsitraukdama į konfliktus žiniasklaida gali atlikti arba konflikto eskaluotojos, arba aktyvios konflikto sprendėjos vaidmenį.Remiantis M. El-Nawawy ir S. Powerso išskirtais taikinamosios žiniasklaidos bruožais analizuojamas G. Wilderso filmo „Fitna“ nušvietimo Vakarų ir Rytų šalių žiniasklaidoje atvejis, siekiant įvertinti konflikto sprendimo vaidmens raišką.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: konflikto komunikacija, žiniasklaidos vaidmuo konflikte, taikos žurnalistika, žiniasklaida – konflikto eskaluotoja.Emergence of Peace Journalism in Confict Communication: G. Wilders film Fitna CaseBeata Grebliauskienė, Jurgita Gižaitė-Tulabienė SummaryThe article explores the role of the media in the conptemporary conflict communication. At present, more and more local conflicts get the global media coverage. The media no more remain a passive observer and neutral reporter, but get involved into conflits. The dual role of the media in cultural conflicts can be pointed out: that of a diplomatic mediator (peace journalism) and a conflict escalator.Analysis of articles in six major newspapers of the Netherlands, Turkey and Indonesia, covering the conflict concerning G. Wilders film “Fitna”, based on the features of peace journalism, indicated by M. el-Nawawy and S. Powers is presented. The research findings confirm the prevailing role of the media as a conflict escalator.
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Obie, Muhammad, Endriatmo Soetarto, Titik Sumarti, and Saharuddin Saharuddin. "KONFLIK ETNIS DI PESISIR TELUK TOMINI: TINJAUAN SOSIO-EKOLOGI POLITIK." Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 14, no. 2 (November 1, 2014): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/al-tahrir.v14i2.75.
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<em>Conflicts have colored human history and occurred in various places. The ranges of conflict vary, from international, national to local scales. There can be economical, political, territorial and other sorts of conflict. One example of common type of the conflicts in Indonesia is local ethnic conflict between Indonesian local government and Bajo ethnic over marine territory at Tomini bay. This research aims not only to analyze this conflict at Tomini bay area but also to explore its causes, types, and resolution. The research uses critical theory and applies historical sociology and case study. The data is analyzed through qualitative method. The research shows that the ethnic conflict at Tomini bay was stimulated by the local government decision to give a license to a timber company and fishing industry at the bay. This policy has threatened Bajo’s social and economic systems at the bay and triggered authority, economy and knowledge conflicts. Intensive dialogues have been conducted to resolve the conflicts but have not yielded significant resolution. The best solution to terminate the conflict and give legal certainty over the use of the bay area is that the conflicting zones must be mapped justly and all interests are accommodated equally.</em>
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Mboh, Lovelyne, and Gabriel Ekobi. "The Role of Women in Indigenous Conflict Management in the Mokgalwaneng Village in the Moses Kotane Local Municipality, South Africa." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2022/v11n2a3.
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Abstract Women have been occupied with managing conflicts in African indigenous communities. However, their contribution in conflict resolution has not been documented in South Africa. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the role of women in managing indigenous conflicts in the Mokgalwaneng community. The data were collected from 14 participants from the Mokgalwaneng community by means of semi-structured and unstructured interview guides and thematically analysed. Three main themes were identified: the types of indigenous conflict, causes of indigenous conflict and the role of women in indigenous conflict management in the Mokgalwaneng community. Findings revealed that there are several types of indigenous conflict in the area. Land, domestic, theft and adultery, fornication and rape were raised as the causes of conflict. Women used indigenous conflict management techniques such as accommodating, collaborating and compromising to manage indigenous conflicts in the area. Also, women in the Mokgalwaneng village assisted indigenous institutions of elders and traditional leaders in resolving conflicts. Although women played a role in the indigenous conflict management, they were being marginalised in relation to indigenous conflict management. This study recommended that gender inclusive conflict management policy should be introduced as this might help promote gender equality and alleviate gender bias.
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Pidana Bolombo, Laode Ahmad. "Implementation of Social Conflict Management in Local Government: A Policy Content Analysis." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 11, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v11i2.18711.
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This study discusses the implementation of handling social conflicts in West Java Province in 2015 - 2019. This study begins with a study of the conflicts that occur, as well as evaluating the handling of social conflicts that have occurred in West Java Province in three dimensions, namely conflict prevention, conflict cessation, and post-conflict handling as a form of implementation of policies on handling social conflicts. The theoretical framework of this research is made in stages, starting from the grand theory using the theory of Government Science in the context of the government administration system to regulate, directing relations between community members, middle range theory which uses public policy theory, and applied which uses the theory of policy implementation proposed by Grindle, which sees the successful implementation of two aspects, namely 1) the content of policy aspect, which is seen from six variables, namely the interests that are affected, the type of benefit, the degree of change, the location of the policy. decision making, program implementers, resources involved. This study concludes that the implementation of social conflict handling policies in West Java Province, there are still some shortcomings or implementation that has not been maximized in terms of several indicators both in policy content and policy context.
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Dias Peres, Ursula. "DIFICULDADES INSTITUCIONAIS E ECONÔMICAS PARA O ORÇAMENTO PARTICIPATIVO EM MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS." Caderno CRH 33 (July 27, 2020): 020007. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v33i0.33972.
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<p>Este artigo faz parte de uma agenda de pesquisa que tem origem na abordagem institucional e na economia política do orçamento público para a construção de modelo de análise da governança orçamentária em cidades brasileiras. O objetivo do artigo é analisar o processo de participação e conflito distributivo inerente ao orçamento público partindo de evidências dos municípios brasileiros no período de 2005 a 2018. Este texto apresenta reflexões iniciais sobre os limites para a realização do Orçamento Participativo decorrentes da crescente setorialização de gastos, da estrutura de receitas municipais e da crise de financiamento nos municípios, principalmente, a partir de 2014, que têm infligido dificuldades para a construção de uma arena coletiva para participação e negociação do conflito distributivo.</p><p> </p><p>INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES FOR PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING IN BRAZILIAN MINICIPALITIES</p><p>This article is part of a research agenda based on the institutional approach and the political economy of public budgeting to develop an analyticalframeworkfor the budgetary governance in Brazilian cities. The article aims to understand the participatory and distributive conflict inherent to the public budgeting,based on evidence from Brazilian municipalities from 2005 to 2018. This paper presents initial remarks on the limits to the Participatory Budgeting arising from the growing sectorization of spending, the structure of municipal revenues and the fiscal crisis in the municipalities, especially since 2014, which have complicated the construction of a collective arena for participation and negotiation of distributive conflict.</p><p>Keywords: Public budgeting, Local government, Distributive conflict, Participatory budgeting, Municipalities.</p><p> </p><p>DIFFICULTÉS INSTITUTIONNELLES ET ÉCONOMIQUES POUR LA BUDGÉTISATION PARTICIPATIVE DANS LESMUNICIPALITÉS BRÉSILIENNES</p><p>Cet article a pour origine un programme de recherche issu de l’approcheinstitutionnelle et de l’économie politique du budget public pour la construction d’un modèled’analyse de la gouvernancebudgétaire des villesbrésiliennes. L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre le processus de participation et les conflits de répartition intrinsèques au budget public à partir des informations financières des municipalités brésiliennes entre 2005 et 2018. Cet étude présente des réflexions initiales à propos des limites de la budgétisation participative suite à la croissante spécialitébudgétairedes dépenses, à la structure de recettes municipales et à la crise du financement municipal, en particulier depuis 2014, qui brident la construction d’un espace collectif de participation et de négociation des conflits distributifs.</p><p>Mots clés: Budget public; Gouvernement local, Conflit distributif, Budget publique, Budgétisation participative, Municipalités.</p>
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Barron, Patrick, and Joanne Sharpe. "Local Conflict in Post-Suharto Indonesia: Understanding Variations in Violence Levels and Forms Through Local Newspapers." Journal of East Asian Studies 8, no. 3 (December 2008): 395–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800006482.
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Responding to conflict, in Indonesia and elsewhere, requires an understanding of its distribution, forms, and impacts. In this article, we outline an attempt to use local newspaper monitoring to measure the levels and impacts of violent conflict during the period 2001–2003 in two Indonesian provinces (East Java and NTT). We also assess variation in incidence, impact, and form across and within areas. The study data suggest first that previous research has vastly underestimated the impacts of violent conflict in Indonesia. Comparing our data with those of the previous attempt to use newspapers to map conflict in Indonesia (by the UN Support Facility for Indonesian Recovery [UNSFIR]), we find three times as many deaths from collective violence. These differences are a function of the level of news sources used, with provincial papers picking up only a small proportion of deaths in our research areas. Further, we argue that the impacts of certain types of violence between individuals should be included, leading to even higher figures. Second, our data call into question the dictum that violence in Indonesia is concentrated in a small number of regions. While there is variation between districts, we record large impacts from collective violence in areas not previously considered conflict-prone. Third, substantial variations in conflict form are found across regions, and these result in different kinds of impacts. This underlines the importance of consideration of the role of local factors in driving conflicts and suggests that approaches must be tailored to local conditions. Finally, we demonstrate that using local newspapers to measure and analyze conflicts presents a useful tool for understanding conflict in Indonesia. The use of subprovincial news sources captures more accurate estimates of conflict incidence than other methods, such as provincial newspaper mapping or surveying. It can also provide a basis for a deeper understanding of variations in patterns of conflict across areas and provide insights into how we might respond.
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Omodo, Kagere Willy, Gilbert Obici Obici, and David Mwesigwa Mwesigwa. "Land Governance Institutions and Land Conflict Management in Lira District, Lango Sub-Region, Uganda." International Journal of Conflict Management 4, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 22–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijcm.1177.
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Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of selected land governance institutions in the management of land conflicts in Lango sub-region.
Methods and materials: Both correlation and descriptive designs were used and a sample size of 200 was targeted, and sampled using purposive and simple random sampling techniques from whom, questionnaires was administered among members of Land Tribunals, local council courts, and opinion leaders. The response rate of 86% was achieved from which data was analysed.
Findings: The study reveals that the correlation between Land Tribunals and land conflicts (r = .120; p-value >.05) is positive and weak; between Local Council Courts and land conflict (r = .224; p-value <.05) is positive and weak; and between Ad-hoc Mediators and land conflict (r = .518; p-value>.05) is positive and strong. Further, the results of multiple regression reveal that Land Tribunals (Beta = .143; p-value >.05) is low in land conflict management; Local Council Courts (Beta = .085; p-value >.05) is low in land conflict management; and that Ad-hoc Mediators (Beta = .479; p-value >.05) is relatively high in land conflict management.
Conclusion: It was concluded that Land Tribunals are the least effective in managing land conflicts but Local Council Courts are least effective in managing land conflicts; and that Ad-hoc Mediation is more effective in managing land conflicts in the study area.
Recommendations: From the study, it is encouraged that government considers re-enforcing the role of Land Tribunals with the view of making them more effective in land conflicts management; A study on factors leading to rampant land conflicts is proposed.
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Ma’muriyah, Habibi Za’idatul, Maulina Pia Wulandari, and Bambang Dwi Prasetyo. "Crisis Handling and Conflict Resolution in Papuan and Local Communities in Demonstration Cases Commemorating the 2019 New York Agreement." ENDLESS: International Journal of Future Studies 5, no. 1 (May 9, 2022): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/endlessjournal.v5i1.53.
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Conflicts and crises are situations that cannot be predicted, can come at any time, and cannot be avoided, so crises management actions and conflict resolution are needed from demonstration conflicts to commemorate the New York Agreement in August 2019 in Malang City. The situation that occurs is a government crisis situation that requires conflict resolution and crisis management by Malang City so that crises and conflicts can be muted so that they do not continue. The research to see how Malang City handles this crisis and conflict resolution uses a constructivist paradigm with a qualitative research type. This study aims to find strategies to reduce crises and reduce ongoing conflicts. The method of data collection carried out in this study was an interview with the Public Relations of Malang City Government, supported by data collection, which was carried out through documentation. The Apologia theory and the conflict theory used in this study show that Malang City uses the deny strategy, conciliation strategy, transcendence strategy, and bolstering strategy. Malang City Government also conducts negotiations and acts with the Papuan people who live in Malang, so the strategies used are conflict resolution and crisis management strategies that produce win-win solutions so that conflicts are reduced and not prolonged.
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Lee, Jae-hyuck, and Do-kyun Kim. "Mapping Environmental Conflicts Using Spatial Text Mining." Land 9, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090287.
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Mapping the characteristics and extent of environmental conflicts related to land use is important for developing regionally specific policies. However, because it is only possible to verify the frequency of conflicts on a specific predetermined subject, it is difficult to determine the various reasons for conflicts in a region. Therefore, this study mapped the current status of regional environmental conflicts in South Korea using a spatial text mining technique, then proposed relevant management policies. The results were obtained by analyzing environmental conflict data extracted from the online agendas of regional environmental organizations. Air quality-related conflicts in South Korea are concentrated in western municipalities; development-related conflicts are concentrated in the southern region of Jeju Island; and intensive safety-related conflicts occur in metropolitan areas, particularly Ulsan. Thus, the type of conflict is determined by the local environment, in accordance with the definition of environmental conflict, and the distribution is determined by the location of the stakeholder population. This study reveals the issues and locations related to local environmental conflict that require further attention, and proposes more wide-ranging methods for managing the links between conflicts by mapping environmental conflicts on a large scale rather than on an individual basis.
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Soliku, Ophelia, and Ulrich Schraml. "From conflict to collaboration: the contribution of co-management in mitigating conflicts in Mole National Park, Ghana." Oryx 54, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000285.
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AbstractFew studies exist about the extent to which co-management in protected areas contributes to conflict prevention or mitigation and at what level of the conflicts such collaborative efforts are possible. Following varying degrees of conflict, Mole National Park, Ghana, embarked on a collaborative community-based wildlife management programme in 2000. Using Glasl's conflict escalation model, we analysed the contribution of co-management to mitigating and preventing conflicts from escalating. We conducted a total of 22 interviews with local traditional leaders, Park officials and local government officials, and 26 focus group discussions with farmers, hunters, women and representatives of co-management boards, selected from 10 of the 33 communities surrounding the Park. Our findings indicate that co-management can help mitigate or prevent conflicts from escalating when conflicting parties engage with each other in a transparent manner using deliberative processes such as negotiation, mediation and the use of economic incentives. It is, however, difficult to resolve conflicts through co-management when dialogue between conflicting parties breaks down, as parties take entrenched positions and are unwilling to compromise on their core values and interests. We conclude that although co-management contributes to successful conflict management, factors such as understanding the context of the conflicts, including the underlying sources and manifestations of the conflict, incorporating local knowledge, and ensuring open dialogue, trust and transparency between conflicting parties are key to attaining sustainable conflict management in protected areas.
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Jaya, I. Gede Fanny Putra, and I. Gusti Agung Oka Mahagangga. "Konflik Masyarakat Lokal Dengan Pengusaha Pariwisata Terkait Akses Pura Batu Mejan Dan Setra Di Desa Canggu, Kabupaten Badung." JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2018.v06.i01.p09.
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The growth of accomodation number in Canggu Village is very significant and happen on the seashore. Canggu village is a strategic place for investors to invest today. One of accomodation that has been built by investors in this village is Canggu Intercontinental Hotel. The building process of this hotel experienced many problems caused by violation of agreement between investors and local people. Thus, this research aims to determine the conflicts between local people of Canggu village and tourism investors.
This research conducted in Canggu village, Kuta Utara subdistrict, Badung regency. The type of data used is qualitative data. The data source used are primary and secondary data. The data collecting technique used are in-depth interview, observation, and literature study. The method used to determine informants is purposive sampling technique, and the informants are chief of Banjar Canggu and head of orderliness and peacefully section of Kuta Utara subdistrict. This research is limited by concept of agreement, concept of local people, and theory of conflict.
The result of this research is that the conflicts between local people and tourism investors about access of Batu Mejan and Canggu cemetery in Canggu village, Badung regency are manifest and latent conflict. The manifest conflict is in the form of road blockade to Canggu Intercontinental Hotel construction which done by local people. The latent conflict is in the form of local issues that emerged among local people which can lead them to do physical actions or manifest conflicts with the investors. Those conflicts are proofs of disagreement between local people and investors regarding to the access of local cemetery and Batu Mejan Temple in Canggu village.
Keywords : Conflicts, Local People, Tourism Investors, Canggu Village.
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Wolfart, Johannes. "Why Was There Even a Reformation in Lindau? The Myth and Mystery of Lindau’s Conflict-Free Reformation." Renaissance and Reformation 40, no. 4 (January 28, 2018): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v40i4.29268.
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Histories of Lindau emphasize a remarkably conflict-free course of early reform in that particular locale. This view is established and maintained by multiple means, including hyper-credulity towards the peacefulness asserted by local authorities, anachronistic projections of the confessional “compromise” that was the Tetrapolitana back into the 1520s, and a deliberately narrow definition of key subjects, to exclude obvious contrary evidence. While Bernd Moeller has recently remarked that Lindau society was so harmonious that it is surprising there was any Reformation at all, archival sources actually indicate conflict in several areas pertaining to the early Reformation in Lindau, including interpersonal violence over key theological issues, the social conflict of the Peasant’s War, and stark communal divisions over iconoclasm, resulting in the ritual conflict of a feud. This article is both a particular historical corrective and a general historiographical illustration of how mythographic and historiographic modes may be entangled in early Reformation studies.
Les ouvrages d’histoire montrent un début de Réforme remarquablement exempt de conflit dans l’histoire de Lindau. Cette interprétation fut établie et renforcée de plusieurs façons, dont une excessive crédulité envers les assertions de paix faites par les autorités locales, la projection anachronique de l’esprit de compromis confessionnel propre au Tetrapolitana de 1520, ainsi que la restriction délibérée des définitions de certains sujets essentiels, menée afin de réduire les contradictions patentes. Bien que Bernd Moeller ait récemment fait remarquer que la société de Lindau apparaît comme si harmonieuse que l’on peut s’étonner qu’il s’y soit même déroulé une Réforme, les documents d’archives révèlent plutôt l’existence de conflits dans plusieurs secteurs de Lindau au début de la Réforme, conflits prenant la forme, par exemple, de violences entre interlocuteurs lors de discussions sur des questions théologiques centrales, de conflits sociaux participant de la Guerre des Paysans, et de sérieuses divisions marquant la communauté au sujet de l’iconoclasme, ayant pour résultat un échange formel de représailles. Cet article cherche donc à la fois à corriger l’histoire et à mettre en lumière, par ce cas de figure, comment les usages mythographiques et historiographiques s’enchevêtrent et marquent les études des débuts de la Réforme.
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Burch, Michael, and Elise Pizzi. "Local Fights in National Conflicts: Understanding the Location of Conflict Events during Intrastate Conflict." Civil Wars 16, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2014.904983.
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Santos, Fabíola Ortiz dos, and Viviane Schönbächler. "Influencing factors of ‘local’ conflict journalism and implications for media development: A critical appraisal." Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajms_00090_1.
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When conflicts emerge the media often become, intended or not, a key actor. It is through media that every party within a conflict attempts to convey its own narrative, contributing to a complex reality that affects journalists’ work in many different ways. This article aims to reflect on Bläsi’s (2004) factors of influence on conflict coverage in the context of media development in Burkina Faso and the Central African Republic. Developed from a western standpoint on war reporters covering foreign conflicts, we propose to adapt this model to ‘local’ contexts in order to provide a more holistic analysis of journalism in conflict settings, but also to propose entry points for constructive coordination among multiple media development actors. In this article, we discuss the audience dimension, the pressure put through lobbies, the journalists’ personal features, the situation on-site, structural factors referring to the broader media and information system, and the political climate. We strive to offer a critique so as to adapt to the relevance of ‘local’ journalists living and reporting in conflict-affected areas, in which media development assistance often takes place, in opposition to international foreign correspondents that are deployed to cover far-away violent conflicts.
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Jafar, Muhammad. "Conflict Resolution of Regional Head Election (PILKADA) Buru Selatan District in 2015." Journal of Local Government Issues 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/logos.vol1.no2.152-177.
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The first round of simultaneous elections in 2015 included 269 regions. South Buru Regency participated in organizing the democratic party. South Buru regency elections that ended the conflict were followed by two candidate pairs Rivai Fatsey, S. STP., MPA & Drs. Anthonius Lesnusa, MM (HIKMAT) and Tagop Sudarsono Soulisa, SH., MT & Ayub Seleky, SH., MH (TOP-BU). Conflict resolution involves both HIKMAT and TOP-BU voters who are involved in the conflict with government institutionalization and local wisdom, the local kerafina approach with the aim of eliminating the politicization of customary law so that potential conflicts do not reappear. Another approach used is a familial approach in order to eliminate judgment, on the other hand, support from the government by accommodating the demands of both parties. Through the tradition of local equality and innervation, this conflict can be resolved or by using positive peace, the institutionalization of these values can influence the behavior of both parties so as not to create new conflicts. The meeting point of this conflict was the return of conflict victims and the return of non-permanent employees.Keywords: Simultaneous Local Election, Political Conflict, Democrative Conflict Governance
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Tang, Yang, Kairong Hong, Yucheng Zou, and Yanwei Zhang. "Equilibrium Resolution Mechanism for Multidimensional Conflicts in Farmland Expropriation Based on a Multistage Van Damme’s Model." Mathematics 9, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9111208.
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Multidimensional conflicts in farmland expropriation originate from the game of multidimensional interests between the local government and farmers. The strategy choices and equilibrium results of the two sides have evolved with changes to the situation and policy adjustments. Focusing on different types of farmland expropriation conflicts, this paper constructs a multistage Van Damme’s model of multidimensional conflicts in farmland expropriation, analyzes the stable equilibrium point of the behavior evolution of the local government and farmers under litigation settlement and nonlitigation settlement, and conducts simulation analysis on the behavior evolution and conflict resolution of both sides at different stages through MATLAB numerical simulation. The results show that (1) the interests’ game between the local government and farmers has changed periodically due to the evolution of the farmland expropriation system; (2) under litigation settlement, there is only the “government rent-seeking” conflict: in order to resolve the conflict, the cost of litigation for farmers can be reduced, while other policy interventions, such as controlling the rent-seeking ceiling of the local government and increasing the rent-seeking costs of the local government, can be implemented; (3) under nonlitigation settlement, there are three types of conflicts: to resolve the “government rent-seeking” conflict, we should control the rent-seeking ceiling of the local government and increase the rent-seeking costs of the local government or its positive social externality benefits under reasonable expropriation; to resolve the “nail household dilemma” conflict, we should increase the rent-seeking costs of farmers or their positive social externality benefits under reasonable compensation; to resolve the “extreme controversy” conflict, on the one hand, we should control the rent-seeking ceiling of farmers, and on the other hand, while controlling the rent-seeking ceiling of the local government, we should increase the farmers’ positive social externality benefits under reasonable compensation or negative social externality losses of both sides under rent seeking.
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Nulhaqim, Soni Akhmad, Muhammad Fedryansyah, and Eva Nuriyah Hidayat. "SOCIALIZATION OF LAW NUMBER 7 OF 2012 ABOUT MANAGING OF SOCIAL CONFLICTS AS EFFORTS TO CREATE A HARMONIOUS ENVIRONMENT IN GENTENG VILLAGE, SUKASARI SUBDISTRICT SUMEDANG REGENCY." Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v2i1.27046.
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ABSTRAKCommunity Service Activities (PPM) in Genteng Village, Sukasari Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency was initiated because the agrarian conflict had happened in that location. The conflict resolution were relatively slow due to the lack of understanding, knowledge and skills of the actors in conducting conflict resolution. In contrary, conflict resolution is clearly written inLaw Number 7 of 2012 about Managing of Social Conflict. In addition, the location of PPM also has a high potential for conflicts, especially conflicts in the useof natural resources. This must be anticipated by encouraging existing communities and local institutions to worktogether to prevent conflict and create a harmonious environment. The purpose of this PPM activity is to increase the knowledge, understanding and skills of target groups in conducting conflict resolution based on Law No. 7 of 2012 about Managing of Social Conflict, to increasethe knowledge, understanding and skills of target groups in conducting community-based conflict resolution and to encourage target groups to prevent conflicts andcan creat a harmony in the village. The target groups in this PPM activity are the farming community, village government and local institutions in the Genteng Village. The method of implementing PPM activities was conducted in several stages, such as the preparation phase, the assessment stage, the plan of treatment stage, and the activity implementation stage.
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Zada, Khamami. "KONFLIK RUMAH TUHAN:." Dialog 37, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v37i2.62.
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Conflicts related to houses of worship in some regions in Indonesia have indicated a tension between the majority and minority groups. The minority found it difficult to build a house of worship, for the majority opposed it. While an attempt of resolution was initiated by the central and regional government including community elites. However, conflict settlements had not always been successful although it was resolved through legal process and mediation. The conflict of GKI Yasmin in Bogor, for instance, was one example that legal process was not effective to resolve the conflict. Similarly, the conflict of mushalla As-Syafi’iyah in Denpasar was also another case where a mediation process with the involvement of local leaders also failed. However, a conflict of temple establishment in Tanjung Pinang showed a successful resolution by a mediation involving the religious leaders and the local government elites. This paper suggests that the resolution of conflicts pertinent to the cases of houses of worship depends favorably on the initiatives taken by the local government and the local religious leaders.
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Mardani, Puri Bestari, and Maria Febiana Christanti. "Culture Clash: Conflict and Its Management." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 1 (October 16, 2019): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i1.1042.
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Conflict that arises due to culture clash could not be avoided. One of the Slum area that once known as the area of prostitution, Kalijodo, were being transformed by the local government into an area of green open space and also child friendly integrated public spaces. This transformation has a significant impact toward the Kalijodo merchant. These merchants face many and serious conflict. The conflicts due to culture clash and its management that were being faced by Kalijodo merchants are the focus of this research. This research uses a qualitative approach by gathering data and information through observation and in-depth interview. The concept of personal and interpersonal conflict and conflict management model by A.Devito (2011) is used in order to get a comprehend understanding of the conflict that rise, and ways to manage it. This research shows that the Kalijodo merchants faced intrapersonal conflict because they were forced to choose between two difficult option, and also interpersonal conflicts that occurs in two waves. The first wave was during the eviction and renovation (conflicts between Kalijodo merchants), and the second wave was from the moment that the renovation is completed until this present time (conflicts between Kalijodo merchants and newcomer merchants from other district). Furthermore, the conflict management that was applied is the conflict management model of accommodation (I lose, You Win). Kalijodo merchants put aside the personal interests in order to make the local government mission accomplished.
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Helpitia, Neza. "Resolusi Konflik Lahan Antara Peladang Pendatang dan Peladang Setempat di Kecamatan Batang Merangin Kabupaten Kerinci." JESS (Journal of Education on Social Science) 1, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jess/vol1-iss2/40.
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This study aimed to determine the factors causing land conflicts and how conflict management efforts applied in the resolution of land conflicts between immigrant farmers and local cultivators in Batang Merangin District, Kerinci Regency. This study was a qualitative research with descriptive method. Data in this study were collected through interview and documentation study. Informants in this study were determined by purposive sampling technique and snowball sampling. Data were analyzed with interactive analysis model. The results of this study indicated that factors causing land conflicts include: a) seizing land resources between immigrant farmers and local cultivators; b) poor communication between immigrant farmers and local cultivators; c) the social jealousy of local cultivators on the success of immigrant farmers in cultivating the land; d) theft, looting, incarceration, and burning of farm houses belonging to immigrant farmers by local cultivators. Conflict management in this case were carried out in two ways, namely negotiation and mediation by local government of Kerinci Regency.
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AL-TAMIMI, Adeb Abdulelah Abdulwahid, and Uddagatti VENKATESHA. "YEMEN: ROLES AND IMPACT OF LOCAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ACTORS." Conflict Studies Quarterly, no. 41 (October 5, 2022): 15–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.41.2.
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The Yemeni conflict is complicated due to the numerous internal crises and disputes in the country. In addition, the external correlations and their linkages to the internal actors have increased the intensity of the conflict. There is a need to identify these internal and external actors and analyze their role, impact, strengths, and weaknesses. This study identifies the internal and external actors of the conflict in Yemen, then examines their roles and impact and shows that the conflict resulted from internal conflicts between local actors and took on different dimensions through regional and international interventions. The political, ideological, and self-interest differences are the causes of the disunity among the elites and the political and military forces, and in turn, they led to the exacerbation of the conflict and the negative role in peacemaking. Keywords: Houthi; Legitimacy; Southern Movement; Tribal; Yemen Conflict.
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Onwuzuruigbo, Ifeanyi. "Old Wine in New Bottle: Civil Society, Iko Mmee and Conflict Management in Southeastern Nigeria." African and Asian Studies 10, no. 4 (2011): 306–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921011x605571.
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Abstract Africa boils on account of intractable communal conflicts. Strategies adopted to manage the conflicts conform to western approaches of conflict management. Traditional forms of conflict resolution have been rarely applied. This has prompted emphasis on traditional tools of conflict management. Drawing from interviews and archival documents, this paper focuses on the deployment of iko mmee ritual by local civil society organizations in managing the Aguleri and Umuleri communal conflicts in Nigeria. It catalogues the failure of western models, explains the principles underlying iko mmee and how iko mmee was able to facilitate peace in the communities.
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De Pourcq, Kobe, Evert Thomas, Marlene Elias, and Patrick Van Damme. "Exploring Park–People Conflicts in Colombia through a Social Lens." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000413.
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SummaryNatural resource-related conflicts between local communities and nation states can be extremely destructive. Worldwide, interest is growing in gaining a better understanding of why and how these conflicts originate, particularly in protected areas inhabited by local communities. The literature on local attitudes towards and perceptions of park conservation and park–people conflicts is quite extensive. Studies have examined the socioeconomic and geographical determinants of attitudes to protected areas. However, the role of such determinants in the experience of park–people conflicts has received considerably less attention. Drawing on 601 interviews with people living in or near 15 Colombian national protected areas (NPAs), we examine the socioeconomic and geographical variables that are most influential in people’s experience of conflict related to restricted access to natural resources. We find that the experience of this type of conflict is largely explained by the NPA where a person resides, pursuit of productive activities within the NPA, previous employment in NPA administration, gender and ethnicity. We recommend implementing socially inclusive conservation strategies for conflict prevention and resolution in Colombia’s NPAs, whereby both women and men from different ethnic groups are engaged in design and implementation.
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Stetter, Stephan, Eva Herschinger, Thomas Teichler, and Mathias Albert. "Conflicts about water: Securitizations in a global context." Cooperation and Conflict 46, no. 4 (December 2011): 441–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836711422462.
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In the current literature in International Relations and Conflict Studies, water as a source of conflict is either extremely over- or exceedingly underrated. In order to account for the dynamics of water conflicts, it is argued in this article that the study of water conflicts should be linked to comprehensive theories of social conflict and world society. A theoretical framework is developed based on a combination of securitization theory, modern systems theory and sociological neo-institutionalism. The usefulness of this framework is illustrated through two empirical cases of water conflicts, namely Spain and Egypt/Sudan. This study contributes to an understanding of the evolution of water conflicts as a result of securitization practices, the dynamics of these conflicts as complex social systems and as the outcome of local adaptations to and of ‘world cultural’ frames.
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Bazantes-Chamorro, Jessica, Nataly Revelo-Morán, and José Moncada-Rangel. "CONFLICTO SER HUMANO – OSO ANDINO (Tremarctos ornatus ) EN SAN FRANCISCO DE SIGSIPAMBA, PROVINCIA DE IMBABURA, ECUADOR." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoologia 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2018.1.2.260.
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ResumenEn Ecuador, el oso andino está en peligro de extinción debido a la reducción de su hábitat por el cambio de áreas naturales a zonas agropecuarias. En la parroquia San Francisco de Sigsipamba, provincia de Imbabura, se reportan casos de depredación de ganado vacuno y daños a cultivos por el oso andino. El objetivo fue analizar el conflicto humano-oso andino en esta zona, mediante el contraste de dos fuentes de información: entrevistas aplicadas a los pobladores afectados en dicha zona y un análisis multitemporal de uso del suelo y cobertura vegetal de los años 1991, 2007 y 2017. Con estos insumos, se elaboró un mapa de zonificación del conflicto. La interacción humano–oso andino en la zona estudiada se consideró de alta intensidad debido a las pérdidas económicas generadas por la muerte de 89 cabezas de ganado vacuno durante el período 2014-2017. La comunidad local priorizó cuatro estrategias para evitar que el conflicto se intensifique y contribuir a conservar al oso andino.Palabras clave: conservación, etnozoología, interacción gente-fauna silvestre, oso de anteojos.AbstractIn Ecuador, the Andean bear is in danger of extinction because of the habitat reduction due to the change of natural areas into agricultural areas. In San Francisco de Sigsipamba, Imbabura province, conflicts are reported for cattle depredation and crops damages. The aim of this study was to analyze the human-Andean bear conflict in this area, contrasting two sources of information: interviews applied to affected inhabitants and a multitemporal analysis of land use and vegetation cover over the years 1991, 2007 and 2017.The conflict turned out to be of high intensity due to the economic loss for to the death of 89 cattle heads between 2014-2017. With this information, a zoning map of the conflict was developed. The interaction bear-human in the studied area can be considered of high intensity due to economic losses because of the death of 89 heads of cattle during the period 2014-2017. Four strategies were prioritized for the local community to reduce the conflict intensity and to contribute to conserve the Andean bear.Key words: conservation, ethnozoology, human-wildlife interaction, spectacled bear.
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Mahrudin, Mahrudin. "RESOLUSI KONFLIK PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH DI KECAMATAN TALAGA RAYA KABUPATEN BUTON TENGAH." ASKETIK 3, no. 2 (December 25, 2019): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/ask.v3i2.1563.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine and identify the problems that are the source of conflict over local elections in Talaga Raya District. This research focuses on conflicts that occur before and after local elections. By using a descriptive method and a case study approach, the results of the study showed that the conflict over the regional head election in Talaga Raya District originated from the Difference in Choice, Misunderstanding, Some Parties were disadvantaged and feeling sensitive. In addition, the conflict of local election which took place before and after the election had implications for the conflict over the control of fresh water sources which resulted in horizontal and vertical conflicts. Besides this conflict has also brought its own wisdom with the increase in the source of clean water which had only been one to three sources. Based on these results it can be said that besides bringing down the negative impacts of the conflict it can also bring down positive impacts in the Talaga Raya sub-district community. Therefore, in terms of conflict resolution, the government should be able to minimize the conflict as early as possible so it does not drag on so that it does not lead to physical conflict.
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Lenher, Yana. "Collisions in local lawmaking." Constitutional and legal academic studies, no. 1 (October 11, 2021): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2663-5399.2021.1.06.
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The study is devoted to clarifying the problem of existing collisions in local lawmaking, which allowed to substantiate the common understanding of this problem, as well as to identify new theoretical and applied conclusions and positions related to the need to resolve collisions in local lawmaking, their specifics and special characteristics. It is established that the country has adopted and operates a large number of regulations, many of which contradict each other, have internal inconsistencies and inconsistencies. Legal science and practice face the task of in-depth analysis of the causes of municipal legal collisions, finding ways to prevent and resolve them. It is pointed out that the emergence and increasing severity of conflicts in local lawmaking in most cases due to incomplete legal regulation of public relations, violation of the rules of legal technique in the adoption of local acts, insufficiently effective ways to prevent and resolve the latter. In addition, it is established that the method of settling and resolving local conflicts through the prism of legislative establishment of the priority of application of the norm and act is the most clear and effective.
In the course of the research the systematic analysis of views on the collisions in law in general is carried out, the basic signs of the conflict in local law-making, its place among the specified categories in the plane are defined; analysis of the process of evolution of the social contradiction into a legal one with the subsequent transformation into a collision and a gap; legal conflict is defined as a subjective-objective phenomenon of legal reality. Among the existing large number of classifications of legal conflicts are local-legal, which are legal contradictions that arise due to subjective and objective reasons and errors in the exercise of powers to resolve the population directly and (or) through local governments, local issues, which is manifested in the adoption of regulations of local governments and their officials. Based on the analysis, the characteristic features of local-legal conflict are determined, which are detailed by the specified provisions on the connection of partial and general, manifestation in various forms and types, depending on the specifics of causes and solutions, local self-government issues of local significance and the emergence of the implementation of powers and the adoption of relevant municipal legal acts of local governments and their officials, with its own specific set of elements of the resolution mechanism.
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Atieno, Paul Okello. "Peace Initiatives in Resource Based Conflicts in Post-Colonial Kenya: A Case of Lower Nyando River Basin of Kisumu County, Kenya." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation X, no. I (2023): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.10011.
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There is growing literature focusing on resource extraction and unbalanced sharing of natural resources in the exploitation community and conflict especially in the developing countries. Whereas a lot of attention has been directed at grievances of conflicting parties in natural resource based conflicts, limited attention is being given to peace initiatives including the role of local peace committees and community led peace building networks. This paper provided an insight on the role of peace initiatives in resource based conflicts in post-colonial Kenya, with particular attention to lower Nyando River Basin of Kisumu County, Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the magnitude of resource based conflicts among communities in the Lower Nyando River Basin, analyse the role of local peace committees in resource based conflicts among communities in the Lower Nyando River Basin and to establish the contribution of community led peace-building networks in resource based conflicts among communities in the Lower Nyando River Basin, Kenya. Conflict transformation theory which articulates transforming the causes of conflict as the right approach for resolving and curtailing emerging disputes was adopted to guide the study. Mixed method design involving quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis approaches was adopted. Target population comprised of (Ogenya=153; Kakola Ombaka=704; Jimo Middle=131, and West Kabodho=225) who were natural resource reliant in both Nyakach and Nyando Sub-counties with a sample size of 278 respondents obtained based on Gill et al’s Table of Desired Accuracy with Confidence Level of 95%. The study also interviewed 4 elected community leaders from each sub location. Findings showed that the magnitude of resource based conflicts in the area was high (M=3.91; SD=0.08). The study also found that local peace committees were important peacebuilding initiatives (M=4.17; SD=0.23), while peacebuilding networks existing in the study area had contributed in resolving conflicts to a large extent (M=4.01; SD=0.25). It was concluded that unfounded apportioning of the wetland by the feuding communities has made the magnitude of conflict to be high in the study area. The study also concludes that local peacebuilding initiatives have helped in managing resource based conflict in the area due to their acceptability and incessant peace messaging.
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Gilboa, Eytan, Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert, Jason Miklian, and Piers Robinson. "Moving media and conflict studies beyond the CNN effect." Review of International Studies 42, no. 4 (March 3, 2016): 654–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021051600005x.
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AbstractAfter the ‘CNN effect’ concept was coined two decades ago, it quickly became a popular shorthand to understand media-conflict interactions. Although the connection has probably always been more complex than what was captured in the concept, research needs to be updated in order to better understand the multifaceted contemporary environments of both media and conflict. There are growing numbers and types of media sources, and multiple interactions between media and conflict actors, policymakers and engaged publics from the local to the global and back. We argue that understanding the impact of media reporting on conflict requires a new framework that captures the multilevel and hybrid media environments of contemporary conflicts. This study provides a roadmap of how to systematically unpack this environment. It describes and explains how different levels, interactions, and forms of news reporting shape conflicts and peacebuilding in local, national and regional contexts, and how international responses interact with multiple media narratives. With these tools, comprehensive understandings of contemporary local to global media interactions can be incorporated into new research on media and conflict.
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Tollefsen, Andreas Forø. "Experienced poverty and local conflict violence." Conflict Management and Peace Science 37, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 323–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894217741618.
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That poorer countries face higher risk of civil war is among the most robust findings in the literature on internal conflicts. However, we lack knowledge about whether a similar correlation exists on a more local level. Research into the local poverty–conflict nexus has largely relied on objective proxies of poverty that are only loosely related to the rationale for conflict. The results have been mixed, thus highlighting the need for more effective juxtaposition of theory and data. Using a subjective measure of poverty that determines whether individuals’ basic needs are being met, this article presents new empirical evidence for existing propositions linking local poverty and conflict-based violence. The study analyzes georeferenced survey data from the pan-African Afrobarometer survey for 4008 subnational districts across 35 African states, producing results that show how areas with high levels of poverty are indeed more likely to experience conflict. However, the correlation is likely to be indirect. Interaction models demonstrate that poverty is more likely to exacerbate violence if an area’s local institutions are weak or when impoverishment overlaps with group grievances against the government. Robustness tests, using coarsened exact matching and region-level fixed effects, provide considerable empirical support for a strong relationship between poverty and conflict at the local level.
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Bataeva, Patimat, Hussein Chaplaev, and Ahmed Gachaev. "The impact of local armed conflicts on the economic performance of countries in 1990-2019." Economic Annals-ХХI 182, no. 3-4 (April 15, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v182-05.
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Despite the studies of the impact of wars on the local economies of countries and empires, the armed conflicts of the 20th century have their own specifics, different objectives and intensity, which affects not only the economic performance of enterprises and the country as a whole, but also the migration of population and investment attractiveness of the country. Studies based on armed conflicts in Latin America, civil wars in African countries as well as Iraq and Syria differ significantly from the effects of modern armed conflicts on micro- and macroeconomic levels. In the process of unfolding an armed local conflict, the investment attractiveness of the country gradually drops from A+ (for developed countries) and B (for developing countries) to CCC-, warning investors to invest in the declining economy of the country. The aim of the paper is to consider armed conflicts in the period from 1990 to 2019, including armed clashes, civil and international wars; and their impact on the economic performance of the country, both at the beginning of the conflict itself and in its middle.
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Alusiola, Rowan Alumasa, Janpeter Schilling, and Paul Klär. "REDD+ Conflict: Understanding the Pathways between Forest Projects and Social Conflict." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060748.
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A growing body of literature analyses the conflict implications of REDD+ (Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries). However, the way these conflicts unfold is little understood. We address this research gap through the following question: What are the pathways that connect REDD+ projects and conflicts between local communities and other actors? We review 242 scientific articles, selecting eight that allow us to trace how the conflict pathways unfolded. We draw on a political ecology perspective and conceptualize ‘conflict pathway’ as an interaction of key events and drivers leading to conflict. We find six main conflict drivers: (1) injustices and restrictions over (full) access and control of forest resources; (2) creation of new forest governance structures that change relationships between stakeholders and the forest; (3) exclusion of community members from comprehensive project participation; (4) high project expectations that are not met; (5) changes in land tenure policy due to migrants, and (6) the aggravation of historic land tenure conflicts. Evictions from forests, acts of violence, and lawsuits are among the events contributing to the conflict pathways. To prevent them, the rights, livelihoods, and benefits of local communities need to be placed at the centre of the REDD+ projects.
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Oliva, Malena, Eduardo García-Frapolli, Luciana Porter-Bolland, and Salvador Montiel. "(Dis)agreements in the management of conservation conflicts in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Mexico." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892920000375.
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SummaryTo manage widespread conservation conflicts, building a shared understanding among the parties involved has been considered key. However, there is little empirical evidence of the role this understanding might play in the context of imposed biosphere reserves. Using semi-structured and in-depth interviews in two communities within the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, we explored whether or not there is a shared understanding of conflicts between local people and reserve managers, and we analysed its contribution to conflict management. We found that a shared understanding is not a determining factor when the conflict solution demands actions that exceed stakeholders’ functions. While a shared understanding helps with the global process of conflict management, there are other challenges: local impairment resulting from the exclusionary creation and the operation of protected areas and the need for action to solve a conflict that exceeds the functions of stakeholders.
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Ako, Rhuks, Patrick Okonmah, and Taiwo Ogunleye. "The Niger Delta Crisis: A Social Justice Approach to the Analysis of Two Conflict Eras." Journal of African Development 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.11.2.0105.
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Abstract This paper analyzes the parallels in two conflict eras in the Niger Delta region with a view to highlighting how salient issues in the resolution of the old conflicts remain germane to contemporary conflicts. The first conflict era refers to the trade in palm oil during the nineteenth century while the second period refers to the on-going conflicts caused and/or exacerbated by the exploitation of crude oil from the Niger Delta region. The paper identifies issues including the socio-economic importance of the products (palm oil and crude oil), the parties to the conflicts and the fundamental causes of the violent conflicts as common to both conflict eras. The paper's central argument, based on social justice normative concepts of distribution and recognition, is that the exclusion of the local communities from participating in the exploitation and benefits of the resources (palm oil and crude oil) in both eras instigated local restiveness. It posits that the recognition of these concepts that contributed to the resolution of the conflicts during the palm oil era are essential to the resolution of the multifarious conflicts caused (directly or indirectly) by the exploitation of crude oil in present times. Consequently, the paper suggests that public participation in the crude oil industry be integrated into initiatives programmed to bring sustainable peace to the troubled Niger Delta region.
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AKUBOR, Emmanuel Osewe. "Climate Change, Migration and Conflict : A Historical Survey of People of Northern Nigeria and their Neigbhours from the period of the Mega Chad." Localities 7 (November 30, 2017): 9–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15299/local.2017.11.7.9.
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