Academic literature on the topic 'Conflits de qualifications'
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Journal articles on the topic "Conflits de qualifications":
1
Buromenskiy, Mykhaylo, and Vitalii Gutnyk. "International Legal Problems of Qualification of Armed Conflicts." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 68 (March 7, 2021): 735–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3968.47.
Abstract:
The article addresses the qualification problems of armed conflicts. The study was conducted through the analysis of international legal doctrine, international treaties, decisions of international organizations. Attention is paid to the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Court. It is noted that International Humanitarian Law has been in place since the beginning of the armed conflict. Therefore, the application of International Humanitarian Law does not require any recognition of the existence of armed conflict (international or non-international); this conflict exists because of armed clashes. It is emphasized that the need to classify the conflict arises in view of domestic and international legal factors (to bring to international criminal justice those who have committed war crimes; state responsibility for internationally wrongful acts, etc.). Attention was paid to the non-existence of a single body, which was empowered to determine the existence of an armed conflict. Different international agencies may have different qualifications for the same armed conflict. It is concluded that it is necessary to establish a Committee of Experts under the UN Secretary-General, to avoid different qualifications from the same armed conflict.
2
Van Damme, Dirk. "Convergence and Divergence in the Global Higher Education System: The Conflict between Qualifications and Skills." International Journal of Chinese Education 8, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340102.
Abstract:
Abstract Globally, higher education is expanding at an unprecedented pace. But two competing forces seem to be at work. The first is globalization: higher education systems are globalizing, especially through international research networks and global rankings which fuel competition on a global scale. Internationally comparable qualification frameworks, credit transfer, internationalization policies and quality assurance and accreditation arrangements work towards globally exchangeable qualifications. But the second force, driving institutions to deliver skills which are relevant for the national and regional economies, works against convergence. The skills equivalents of national qualifications remain very different across countries. The skills agendas, driven by countries’ position in global value chains, drive unequal outcomes. The consequence is that the global higher education system will remain characterized by huge inequalities, which are perceived as quality differences. Higher education policies need to find a balance between integration in the global higher education order and serving the domestic skills needs.
3
Kiryuschenko, I. I. "PROPOSALS TO IMPROVE THE LEGAL FOUNDATIONS FOR QUALIFICATION OF JUDGES." Ex Jure, no. 2 (2023): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2619-0648-2023-2-30-48.
Abstract:
Abstract: the article points out the imperfection of the legal regulation of the qualification certification of judges and suggests some changes aimed at optimizing this important component of the formation of a highly qualified judicial corps. The author formulated the purpose and objectives of the qualification certification of judges. A list of additional information submitted to the judge's attestation case is proposed. Taking into account the analysis of foreign experience, the list of parameters by which the judge should be evaluated is highlighted. Evaluation criteria, their content and sources of information for each criterion are defined for each parameter. Qualification certification of judges is classified by type (scheduled, un-scheduled and repeated), their purpose is disclosed. The conclusion is made that the negative result of the qualification certification should be considered as a reason for an appropriate verification of facts and circumstances with the conclusion that there are or are not signs of disciplinary misconduct in the actions (inaction) of the judge, or that the judge does not meet the requirements established by regulatory legal acts or the Code of Judicial Ethics, or insufficient qualifications. Measures to eliminate conflicts of interest in the certification process are proposed.
4
Khalid, Hamud, and Xu Qian. "Examining Conflict Management Strategies Used in Tanzania’s Secondary Schools: A Case in Biharamulo District, Tanzania." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 50, no. 5 (May 4, 2024): 583–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i51387.
Abstract:
The study delves into the pervasive issue of conflicts within secondary schools, emphasizing their inherent nature in human interactions. It emphasizes the vital role of effective conflict management in maintaining a conducive learning environment. The research objectives cover the identification of conflict root causes, assessment of implemented strategies, and their impacts, and provision of recommendations for improved conflict management approaches in schools. Employing qualitative methodology, the study utilizes in-depth interviews, group discussions, and document reviews to collect data. Findings reveal the persistence of conflicts, notably attributed to the lack of a universally accepted resolution framework. Ad hoc methods are employed, lacking consistency and alignment with specific conflict natures, resulting in profound consequences such as student dropout, prolonged conflicts, fear, resentment, and hindered academic progress. The study recommends government intervention in training teachers, rigorous evaluation of school administrators' qualifications, and improvements in teacher welfare coupled with strict punitive measures for teachers’ inappropriate behavior. It concludes by highlighting the ongoing nature of conflicts and the urgent need for a practical approach, urging schools to prioritize understanding conflict causes, implementing effective management actions, and prioritizing the well-being of both teachers and students.
5
Rustemeyer, Ruth. "Interrelations among Gender-Role Conflict, Typicality of Occupations, and Self-Esteem." Psychological Reports 89, no. 3 (December 2001): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.3.489.
Abstract:
The present study was conducted with 549 women and men who were employed in gender-typical occupations or who were in vocational training, further qualification, or retraining for one of these job. We examined whether a gender-typical occupation is related to gender-role conflicts of women and men in work settings and whether self-esteem moderates the experiences of conflict. Generally, we cannot confirm influence of gender-typical jobs on experience of conflict. The results, however, supply evidence for the fact that women experience higher gender-role conflicts than men in all occupations. Women and men of low self-esteem engaged in typically female occupations experience especially high gender-role conflict.
6
Tarikanov, D. V. "Conflicts of Qualifications in Private International Law." Herald of Economic Justice 18, no. 11 (2023): 113–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37239/2500-2643-2023-18-11-113-158.
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Priyma, Serhiy, and Maria Erofeeva. "The Concept оf the Legal Collisions." Theory and practice of jurisprudence 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2022): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2225-6555.2022.2.269676.
Abstract:
The article considers the conflict of law as one of the drowbacks of the law. It has been established that legal conflicts are an objectively existing, natural defect of law that arises due to various objective and subjective circumstances. To realize the purpose of the article, the following main features of legal conflicts were singled out: 1) their essence is that they are an excess of legal regulation. At the same time, three conditions are necessary for the emergence of a legal conflict: two or more valid legal norms; regulate the same social relationship; such regulation is carried out in different ways. 2) They exist solely between legal norms, as the rules of behavior of the relevant persons; 3) arise at the stage of law-making, but it is revealed at the stage of law application and is resolved with the help of appropriate means. The article singles out the following reasons for the emergence and existence of the legal conflicts: 1) violation of rules and failure the requirements of the law-making technique; 2) insufficient professional qualification of authorized subjects of law creation; 3) unclear demarcation of the law-making competence of authorized subjects; 4) a large number of legal norms, due to which both difficulties in the work of norm design bodies and errors in legal qualification by the law enforcement and law realization bodies are possible; 5) the simultaneous action of the norms of different historical eras - Soviet and Ukrainian - in Ukrainian legislation. The article also considers the areas in which legal conflicts arise and proves that they have the most harmful effect on the realization of the legal certainty principle, because the ambiguity and contradiction of legal norms, which are the violation of this principle and are the basis for the emergence of legal conflicts, and therefore failure the requirements of this principle is one of the methods to reduce the conflict of law. Legal conflicts are defined as a type of legal defect that arises due to the implementation of excessive legal regulation of social life, which leads to a contradiction between the valid legal norms in the regulation of the same social relations.
8
Nadeem Shahzad, Muhammad, Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi, and Waqar Ali. "A Comparison of Conflict Management Strategies Used by Heads of Educational Institutions in Punjab." Global Educational Studies Review IX, no. I (March 30, 2024): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2024(ix-i).07.
Abstract:
The goal of the present paper was to explore the conflict management strategies used by institutional heads in Punjab. A sample of 144 from heads of schools, principals of colleges, and heads of departments of universities was drawn using a convenient sampling technique. An instrument, the Farooqi Organizational Conflict Inventory (FOCI) used for data collection. SPSS 26 was used for data analysis. The results reported that institutional heads employ avoiding and integrating styles of managing conflicts. Furthermore, no difference in the conflict management styles employed by institutional heads based on their gender, qualification, and experience was found except for the administrative background. It was recommended that research be carried out to explore how conflict management strategies of institutional heads affect teachers’ performance.
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Clifford, Kinika Chukwuemeka, and Ohahuru Stanford Ejike. "Conflict Management Strategies of Principals in Resolving Students’ Conflict in Secondary School in Port Harcourt Metropolis." South Asian Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (June 17, 2022): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjhss.2022.v04i03.011.
Abstract:
The study investigated the conflict management strategies of principals in resolving students’ conflict in secondary schools in Port Harcourt metropolis. The descriptive survey design was employed in the study. Two research question and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A population of five hundred and sixteen (516) principals in public secondary schools in Port Harcourt metropolis were used for the study. The sampling techniques that were used were the fluid survey sample size method, simple random and stratified random sample techniques. The sample size of three hundred and twenty principals were drawn from the population of the study. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire titled: Principal Conflict Management Strategies (PCMS). The statistical mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while the Independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance was used to test the hypotheses. The result showed that conflict management strategies of principals in resolving students’ conflict in secondary schools in Port Harcourt metropolis thus: The gender respondents did not matter as most of the handling strategies of students’ conflict hinged on contingencies and nature of conflict. Educational qualification of the principals in handling students’ conflicts did not play a major role since most of the respondents did not matter as most of the handling students’ conflict. The researcher recommended that principals should adopt the most optimal approach in handling students’ conflicts in order to forestall occurrences. Also, principals should from time to time he given a forum to share their experiences of how they handle conflicts of their teenagers or how such experiences bear in their handling of conflicts in their various schools.
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Potapova, L. V., A. V. Buhryk, and Ya I. Morozov. "CONFLICT OF QUALIFICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 11 (2021): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2021-11/56.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conflits de qualifications":
1
Henry, Alexandre. "Qualifications et conflits de juridictions." Reims, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REIMD011.
Abstract:
La qualification en matière de conflits de juridictions a longtemps suscité le désintérêt de la jurisprudence et de la doctrine. Ceci se justifie par le fait qu'en jurisprudence, pendant une longue période, la qualification de compétence juridictionnelle était déduite de la qualification de compétence législative, avant d'être induite de la qualification de compétence interne. Quant à la doctrine, des auteurs comme Bartin, Niboyet ou Pillet se sont longtemps enfermés dans une méthode dogmatique ignorant la spécificité de l'opération de qualification de compétence juricdictionnelle et négligeant la véritable dimension des litiges internationaux de droit privé. Ceci commande que soit assurée la promotion d'une méthode pragmatique qui intègre, dès le stade de qualifiquation de conflit de juridictions, les aspects procéduraux et substantiels desdits litiges. Une fois les principes directeurs de qualification identifiés, il apparaît nécessaire de vérifier les rapports que la la qualification de conflit de juridictions doit entretenir avec la qualification de conflits de lois. Sur ce point, il apparait que les deux compétences entretiennent des liens complémentaires dans la mesure où, d'une part, leurs catégories juridiques sont souvent définies à partir de la nature du rapport de droit et prennent appui sur des définitions substantielles et, d'autre part, reposent sur une définition unique de l'objet de qualification, orientée vers le projet ou la question de droit. Afin dede respecter la spécificité des objectifs de la compétence juridictionnelle par rapport à ceux de la compétence législative, il est nécessaire que la qualification au stade de la première soit menée de manière autonome sans pour autant être indépendante de la qualification au stade de la la seconde, à raison du caractère substantiel des définitions des notions attachées aux catégories juridiques. Ceci permet de confirmer que seule la promotion d'une méthode pragmatique, telle que précédemment identifiée, et prenant appui sur une définition adaptée des catégories juridiques entre les deux branches du droit des conflits, permet de résorber les situations de divergence de qualification et de postuler une unité souple des qualifications propre à assurer la cohérence des solutions de droit international privé. La Cour de Justice de l'Union européenne a d'ailleurs consacré, par deux arrêts (CJUE, 21 janvier 2016, Ergo Insurance ; 28 juillet 2016, VKI), une méthode moniste des qualificationsCharacterisation in relation to conflicts of juricdiction has long led to a lack of interest in case law and legal theory. This is justified by the fact taht in case law, for a long period of time, the characterisation of jurisdictional competence was deduced from the characterisation of legislative competence, before being driven by the characterisation o internal competence. As for legal theory, authors such as Bartin, Niboyet and Pillet have long been locked into a dogmatic method that ignores the specific nature of the characterisation of jurisdictional competence and neglets the true dimension of international private law disputes. This requires the promotion of a pragmatic method that integrates, from the stage of characterisation of conflict of jurisdiction, the procedural and substantive aspects of such disputes. Once the guiding principles for characterisation have been identified, it seems necessary to verify the relationships that the characterisation of conflict of jurisdiction must have with the characterisation of conflicts of laws. On this point, it appears that to the two competences have complementary links insofar as, on the one hand, their legal categories are often defined on the basis of the nature of the legal relationship and are based on substantive definitions and, on the other hand, are based on a single definition of the object of characterisation, oriented towards the project or the legal question. In order to respect the specific nature of the objectives of juridictional competence in comparison with those of legislative competence, it is necessary for first-stage characterisation to be carried out autonomously without being independent of second-stage characterisation, due to the substantive nature of the definitions of the concepts attached to the legal categories. This confirms that only the promotion of a pragmatic method, as previously identified, and based on an appropriate definition of the legal categories between the two branches of the law of conflicts, can resolve situations where there is a discrepancy in characterisation and postulate a flexible unity of characterisations to ensure the consistency of private international law solutions. In two judgments, the Cour of Justice of the European Union (CJUE, 21 janvier 2016, Ergo Insurance ; 28 juillet 2016, VKI), established a monist theory of characterisations
2
Gabrielsen, Jumbert Maria. "The internationalization of the Sudanese conflicts : from South Sudan to Darfur : agenda setting, mobilization and qualifications." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9kd0rlgo0g.
Abstract:
Comment un conflit interne devient-il un enjeu international? L’objet de cette thèse est de comprendre l’internationalisation des conflits au Sud-Soudan et au Darfour, comprise comme le processus par lequel ces deux conflits, dont les enjeux étaient à l’origine essentiellement internes, sont devenus des conflits attirant une grande attention internationale. Nous partons du constat que la mise sur agenda international est loin de concerner tous les conflits armés sur la scène internationale, et qu’il ne convient pas d’expliquer l’internationalisation d’un conflit par rapport à un autre simplement par des niveaux de violence ou des intérêts stratégiques des grandes puissances. Nous proposons tout d’abord d’analyser les internationalisations comme des processus « par le bas », où réseaux d’activistes mobilisés hors du Soudan, essentiellement aux États-Unis et en Europe, mais aussi les mouvements rebelles soudanais et autres représentants de la société civile soudanaise, font pression sur les gouvernements et les organisations internationales pour se saisir de ces conflits. Nous montrons que ces acteurs sont parvenus à imposer leurs qualifications et leur grille d’analyse des conflits et des réponses appropriées, et contribuent ainsi à l’émergence de la norme de l’internationalisation (un conflit interne non résolu « devrait » devenir un enjeu de préoccupation internationale). Les réponses « du haut » sont analysés ensuite, cherchant à comprendre comment ils sont affectés par les pressions « par le bas ». Dernièrement, nous proposons de mettre en lumière la manière dont l’internationalisation influence les dynamiques locales de résolution des conflitsHow does an internal conflict become an international issue ? The subject of this thesis is to understand the internationalization of the conflicts in South Sudan and in Darfur, understood as the process through which these two conflicts have gone from being struggles over local and national governance to becoming issues of high level international concern. Internationalization, in the sense of conflicts being set on the agenda, is far from concerning all armed conflicts on the international arena, and referring to levels of violence or strategic interests of the great powers does not explain why a conflict is internationalized and another is not. The first part of the thesis analyses the internationalization processes « from below », where activist networks mobilized outside Sudan, first and foremost in the United States and in Europe, but also the Sudanese rebel movements and other representatives of Sudanese civil society, exert pressure on various governments and international organizations, requiring them to seize themselves of the conflicts. These actors have managed to impose their qualifications of the Sudanese conflicts, and their understandings of the appropriate responses, and thus contribute to the emergence of internationalization as a norm (a conflict not resolved internally should become an issue of international concern). The responses « from above » are then studied, seeking to understand how they are affected by pressure « from below ». Lastly, the thesis shows how internationalization influences local dynamics of conflict resolution
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El, Kareh Charbel. "La qualification juridique des services en ligne de résolution des conflits." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA111001.
4
Lesueur, Justine. "Conflits de droits : illustrations dans le champ des propriétés incorporelles." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020088.
Abstract:
Les propriétés incorporelles, composées en partie de "droits mixtes incorporels", s'opposent aux droits du public, qui visent à assurer un "mieux-être": droit à l'information ou à la santé. . . Ils consistent, en principe, en des pouvoirs extrapatrimoniaux. Ils apparaissent aussi parfois comme des servitudes. Ainsi en est-il des exceptions apportées au droit d'auteur. Les propriétés incorporelles, droits fondamentaux priment en principe les droits du public qui sont de simples droits collectifs. Néanmoins, le traitement des conflits de droits par la qualification n'est pas applicable en présence de droits de qulification identique. Il convient alors de se tourner vers d'autres moyens de traitements. En premier lieu, le législateur, tant national qu'européen, apparaît comme l'organe de prévention des conflits. Il a pour rôle de reconnaître des droits et de les limiter afin d'assurer leur coexistence. Il est encadré dans cette action par divers principes de conciliation et plusieurs oragnes prolongent, interprétation judiciaire, et surveillent son action, Cour européenne des droits de l'homme et Conseil constitutionnel. En second lieu, le juge intervient afin de résoudre les conflits de droits. Pour ce faire, outre la hiérarchie des qualifications, la hiérarchie substantielle fournit une aide importante. Il apparaît nécessaire de faire primer les droits qui reposent sur le travail et la propriété, exception faite du droit à la dignité, considéré comme un "super droit fondamental". Ensuite, pour résoudre les conflits de droits de même valeur, le juge recherche un équilibre entre les droits en recourant aux principes de la responsabilité civile.
5
Minois, Maud. "Recherche sur la qualification en droit international privé des obligations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB132.
Abstract:
Pendant longtemps, la qualification lege fori a dominé la scène internationale. D'une conception stricte, témoin d'une analyse particulariste du droit international privé, elle a progressivement évolué vers une conception assouplie. Aujourd'hui, les auteurs s'accordent à voir dans la qualification lege fori, une méthode de qualification appropriée. Confrontée au droit des obligations, la qualification lege fori révèle ses faiblesses. Elle est atteinte d'un vice originel qui implique de s'interroger sur son bien-fondé. Même assouplie, la qualification lege fori est incapable de se détacher des concepts du for. Une situation internationale sera donc résolue selon des concepts dictés pour les besoins du droit interne. Ces insuffisances s'observent à l'étude de cas hybrides. Il s'agit d'hypothèses particulièrement délicates à qualifier car elles se situent à la lisière de la matière contractuelle et de la matière délictuelle. La présente étude se propose de rechercher un modèle de qualification qui puisse répondre à la fonction internationale de la règle à appliquer. À côté de la qualification lege fori, il existe une appréhension européenne de la qualification. Celle-ci s'organise autour de l'élaboration de qualifications autonomes, a priori distinctes de la qualification lege fori. La Cour de justice a ainsi opté pour une qualification autonome des notions de matière contractuelle et de matière délictuelle. Confrontée à la qualification lege fori, la qualification autonome révèle sa véritable nature. Sous certains aspects, elle est une forme de qualification lege fori. Sous un autre angle, elle s'en éloigne et peut être analysée comme une véritable qualification internationale. Contrairement à la qualification lege fori, la qualification autonome répond à la fonction internationale de la règle de droit international privé. Elle est donc adaptée aux besoins de la vie internationale. Une fois le bien-fondé de l'approche autonome posée, il était nécessaire de s'interroger sur sa généralisation. En effet, l'adoption d'un ensemble complet de textes en droit international privé européen des obligations a fait émerger un débat sur l'opportunité d'adopter une qualification unitaire des notions communes aux textes de Bruxelles et de Rome. La présente étude se propose de retenir un modèle autonome et moniste de la qualification borné aux seules relations internationalesFor a long time, the lege fori characterisation has dominated the international scene. It has evolved from a strict conception, witness of a particularistic approach of private international law, towards a more flexible conception. Nowadays, authors accept the lege fori characterisation as an appropriate characterisation method. Faced with the law of obligations, the lege fori characterisation shows its weaknesses. It is suffering from an original defect which prompts interrogations on its merits. Even relaxed, the lege fori characterisation cannot be detached from the concepts of the lex fori. An international situation will therefore be resolved according to concepts dictated based on the needs of the law of the forum. Such inadequacies can be observed when studying hybrid cases. Hybrid cases hypotheses are extremely difficult to classify as they stand on the border between matters relating to tort/delict and matters relating to contracts. The present study will search for a characterisation model able to fulfil the international function of the rule to apply. A European understanding of characterisation exists beside the lege fori characterisation. It revolves around the elaboration of autonomous characterisations, in principle distinct from the lege fori characterisation. The European Court of Justice chose an autonomous characterisation for the notions of matter relating to contract and matter relating to tort/delict. Faced with the lege fori characterisation, the autonomous characterisation reveals its true nature. In some respects, it is a type of lege fori characterisation. From another perspective, it diverges from it and can be interpreted as a true international characterisation. Unlike the lege fori characterisation, the autonomous characterisation fulfils the international function of the private international law rule. Therefore, it is suitable to the needs of international affairs. Once the merits of the autonomous approach have been established, it is necessary to consider whether it can be generalized or not. Indeed, the adoption of a complete set of rules in European private international law relating to contractual and non-contractual obligations highlights a debate on the opportunity to adopt a unitary characterisation for the common notions of the Rome and Brussels Conventions and Regulations. The present study suggests to consider an autonomous and monistic model for characterisation but only to the extent international relations are involved
6
Reis, Dominik. "Cross - border partnerships and the issue of qualification conflicts: A German perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4540.
Abstract:
The ongoing process of economic globalization entails integration of national economies into the international economy and requires internationalization of national business structures. The progressing internationalization and globalization processes do however no longer only prompt the big concerns to operate on the world market. To an increasing extent smaller businesses also start to maintain international economic relations in order to resist the national and international competitive pressure and to represent marketability. Cross-border partnership structures are consequently increasingly common.
7
Almawla, Hanan Mohamed. "Moral rights in the conflict-of-laws : alternatives to the copyright qualifications." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8730.
Abstract:
This thesis examines the intersection between authors' moral rights and conflict-of-laws. The research question has been triggered by two important, interlinked factors. The first is that the currently applicable choice-of-law rules to moral rights are the same as those applicable to copyright. The second concerns the fact that moral rights are different from copyright - both in their nature and in the interest they aim to protect. Since these two factors coincide, it is questionable whether it ought to be the case that moral rights are subjected to the same choice-of-law rules as are applicable to copyright. The thesis therefore aims to discover whether the currently applicable choice-oflaw rules available in the context of moral rights are suitable for achieving the goals and objectives of conflict-of-laws. In the course of this thesis, I evaluate the potential validity of detaching moral rights from copyright in conflict-oflaws and instead attaching it to the characterization model of general personality rights. The research question is mainly addressed from the perspective of Rome I and Rome II Regulations. However, as there is no EU harmonization concerning general personality rights in conflict-of-laws, the examination will be directed towards France and England as examples of civil and common law traditions. Moreover, reference will also be made to CLIP and ALI principles by reason of comparison.
8
Herrmann, Thomas. "Unité d’action et concours d’infractions : la question du cumul de déclarations de culpabilité en droit pénal interne et en droit international penal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01D037.
Abstract:
La question du cumul de déclarations de culpabilité se pose dans le cas où une personne paraît avoir commis plusieurs infractions s’inscrivant dans une même unité d’action, soit parce qu’elles sont constituées par des faits partiellement ou totalement identiques, soit parce qu’elles sont constituées par des faits totalement distincts mais consécutifs ou concomitants. Partant du constat que cette question se pose dans les mêmes termes et avec la même acuité en droit pénal interne et en droit international pénal, la présente étude propose une méthode générale de résolution de la question en se fondant sur une règle logique dont la validité n’est pas limitée à un ordre juridique en particulier : l’existence d’une pluralité d’infractions en concours constitue une condition absolument nécessaire du cumul de déclarations de culpabilité. Ainsi, la méthode proposée consiste dans un premier temps à distinguer clairement les situations d’infraction unique (infraction unique en vertu du droit pénal spécial ou en vertu d’une théorie générale : conflit d’incriminations ou infraction continuée) et les situations de concours (idéal ou réel) d’infractions. Dans un second temps, la méthode consiste à résoudre les concours en vertu d’un principe de type téléologique, autorisant le cumul lorsqu’il est nécessaire afin d’atteindre un ou plusieurs objectifs légitimes (rendre pleinement compte du comportement délictueux de l’auteur, peines principales et complémentaires, récidive spéciale, recevabilité de l’action civile), prohibant le cumul dans le cas contraire. À cette fin, l’étude propose une classification affinée des différents types de concours idéals et réels d’infractionsThe question of multiple convictions arises in cases where a person appears to have committed several offences forming part of the same unit of action, either because they consist of partially or totally identical facts, or because they consist of totally distinct but consecutive or concomitant facts. Starting from the observation that this question arises in the same terms and with the same acuteness in domestic criminal law and in international criminal law, the present study proposes a general method of solving the question by basing itself on a logical rule whose validity is not limited to any particular legal system: the existence of a plurality of concurrent offences constitutes an absolutely necessary condition for the accumulation of convictions. Thus, the proposed method consists, in the first place, in making a clear distinction between situations of a single offence (a single offence under special criminal law or under a general theory: conflict of statutes or continuing offence) and situations of concurrent offences. Secondly, the method consists in resolving the concurrences by virtue of a teleological principle, authorizing cumulation when it is necessary in order to achieve one or more legitimate objectives (to take full account of the offender's criminal conduct, principal and complementary penalties, special recidivism, admissibility of civil action), prohibiting cumulation in the opposite case. To this end, the study proposes a refined classification of the different types of ideal and real concurrence of offences
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Queguiner, Jean-Sébastien. "Qualification et détermination de la compétence spéciale : l'exemple de la matière contractuelle." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30030.
Abstract:
Le droit international privé de l’Union européenne se réapproprie le problème de la qualification. Non content d’en altérer fondamentalement la configuration, il en réoriente laborieusement la résolution. Or, la qualité du système tout entier, sa stabilité à un instant t, de même que sa capacité à se développer, à s’ouvrir et à se déployer sur le monde extérieur, sont placées dans l’étroite dépendance de l’efficacité de la qualification ; efficacité qui se mesure à l’aune de l’analyse méthodologique de l’opération, comme de la cohérence des résultats auxquels elle conduit. Et si à ce titre le système déçoit aujourd’hui, il est néanmoins tout aussi possible que souhaitable de le refonder rationnellement. Qui peut le plus peut le moins… Exemple sera donc pris de la matière contractuelle, soumise à la règle la plus complexe qui soit, la plus sujette à polémiques aussi, afin d’ouvrir la voie à davantage de cohérence.La reconfiguration du problème de qualification, ayant sa source dans la rupture imposée par le droit de l’Union entre la législation matérielle et la législation conflictuelle, en accentue naturellement la complexité. Curieusement, la construction jurisprudentielle multiplie sans raison les difficultés, imposant deux nouvelles ruptures, entre l’interprétation de la catégorie érigée au fondement de la compétence et l’interprétation du facteur de rattachement d’une part, entre l’opération de qualification et l’opération de coordination des compétences concurrentes d’autre part. La refondation du système de qualification suppose ainsi la combinaison harmonieuse de ce que la jurisprudence a dispersé, qualification, rattachement et coordination concourant conjointement à la détermination de la compétence spéciale, la cohérence des résultats de la qualification déterminant le choix des orientations méthodologiques de l’opération. Dans cette perspective simplificatrice, parce que la complexité des réponses juridiques ne se conçoit que lorsqu’elle reflète adéquatement et efficacement la complexité des questions, il apparaît naturel de confier à l’opération de qualification les moyens de prévenir les difficultés que ne manque pas de susciter sa pratique purement analytique, cause naturelle d’un dépeçage des situations entraînant à son tour une dispersion excessive du contentieux. Appuyé au contraire sur une opération de qualification à visée préventive, et recourant à des catégories plus synthétiques aux contours flexibles, le système de détermination de la compétence spéciale en matière contractuelle gagnerait en simplicité, en efficacité, en adaptabilité, et il pourrait peut-être être envisagé, enfin, de donner une dimension mondiale à ce qui fonctionnerait à l’échelle régionaleFormally disassociating the sources of material and conflict legislation, European Private International law alters the classical problem of characterisation, resolution of which cannot be borrowed from BARTIN or RABEL theories any longer. Yet, the quality of the whole system, its stability at a given moment, as well as its capacity to develop and to deploy on the outside world, are placed in the narrow dependence of the efficiency of the characterisation process. Analysing this efficiency calls for an examination of the theoretical and methodological implications, as well as of the consistency of the achieved results. On both grounds, the current system of characterisation is undoubtedly disappointing, and should be reconsidered rationally. In this perspective, attention will be focused on “matters relating to contract”, submitted to the more complex and criticized rule of the Brussels I regulation. The importation of a conflict of laws issue within a conflict of jurisdiction reasoning (De Bloos/Tessili) constitutes a terrible factor of complexity, interpretation of the conflict category belonging to the European legal order while the interpretation of the connecting factor is abandoned to the national legal order. As a consequence, the reasons behind the choice of a specific connecting factor simply cannot impact the characterisation process, as the exclusion of all claims formed by third parties from the scope of article 5-1° illustrates (Handte). Moreover, complexity and heterogeneity of situations seem to radically oppose the exercise of adjudicatory authority by a unique jurisdiction other than that of the defendant’s domicile. In such a context, conflicts of litigations are more than frequent and are not always dealt with in a consistent manner. Gubisch, for instance, coerces the very thing Shenavai and Leathertex prohibit, i.e. the exercise of adjudicatory authority by the first judge seized, be it the judge of a secondary obligation. Kalfelis drastically opposes consolidation of parallel proceedings in the event a litigation implies claims founded on different grounds. Observation can thus be made that the Brussels I system currently separates three intellectual operations; characterisation, location of the connecting factor, and coordination of concurring jurisdictions are insulated from each other. Yet, those three operations not only chronologically follow one another, but also functionally pursue the same objective, and characterisation could, and should be provided with the means to anticipate the following difficulties. In this perspective, it is suggested that the dispersive consequences of every conceivable characterisation should constitute the very cause of the definitive and centralising characterisation. In other words, the results’ consistency, as well as the cohesion of the heterogeneous components of the claim should dictate methodological choices. It appears, in turn, that departing from the dogmatic attachment to actor sequitur and prior tempore would enable a well functioning regional system to deploy rationally on worldwide scale
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Cocteau-Senn, Delphine. "Dépecage et coordination dans le réglement des conflits de lois." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010287.
Abstract:
L'étude tente de proposer une vision d'ensemble des problèmes de coordination liés au dépeçage de la réglementation des situations internationales. Elle aborde, dans un premier temps, les cas où la coordination est recherchée au plan des solutions concrètes. Cette première partie distingue les hypoyhèses où la solution de l'une des lois dépend de celle de l'autre (hypothèse de la question préalable) et celles où les solutions se construisent de manière indépendante. Au terme de l'analyse des difficultés susceptibles d'être relevées, il apparaît que la solution de droit international privé du for fait l'objet d'exigences tenant à sa légitimité matérielle du point de vue des systèmes nationaux appelés à participer à son élaboration. Lorsque cette légitimité fait défaut, soit que la solution du dépeçage se heurte à un principe commmunément reçu par ces systèmes, soit qu'elle favorise arbitrairement la position de l'un au détriment de celle de l'autre, l'adaptation du raisonnement du for s'impose. Dans un second temps, l'étude s'attache aux cas où le problème de coordination se manifeste plutôt du point de vue des normes respectivement proposées par les lois en présence. Sont alors étudiées les hypothèses dans lesquelles le dépeçage suscite des "cumuls" ou des "lacunes" de sol tions.
Books on the topic "Conflits de qualifications":
1
Nioche, Marie. La décision provisoire en droit international privé européen: Qualification et régime en matière civile et commerciale. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2012.
2
New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. County Government and Regional Authorities Committee. Public hearing before Assembly County Government and Regional Authorities Committee: Regional authorities, with special attention given to membership qualifications and the issue of appointment or election of members of regional authorities : the compliance of regional authorities with the Open Public Meetings Act and with the Local Public Contracts Law is also examined : May 3, 1988, First Floor Auditorium, Atlantic County Administration Building, Atlantic City, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1988.
3
New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. County Government and Regional Authorities Committee. Public hearing before Assembly County Government and Regional Authorities Committee: Regional authorities, with special attention given to membership qualifications and the issue of appointment or election of members of regional authorities : the compliance of regional authorities with the Open Public Meetings Act and with the Local Public Contracts Law is also examined : March 28, 1988, Building E, Bergen County Community College, Paramus, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1988.
4
Djordjevic, Ivana. Legal qualification of armed conflicts in the former Yugoslavia. 2005.
5
Mačák, Kubo. Complex Conflict Situations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819868.003.0003.
Abstract:
This chapter analyses the legal qualification of complex conflict situations that feature more than two conflict parties. It examines whether such situations qualify as a single internationalized armed conflict or a number of independent international and non-international armed conflicts. With this in mind, this chapter puts forward a model based on the retention of autonomy of the allied conflict parties. It argues that once the autonomy is foregone and replaced with a single use of force by the parties, the law of international armed conflict applies ‘globally’ to the situation at hand. However, until that moment, the situation should be seen as ‘mixed’; in other words, as a set of mutually independent conflict pairs.
6
Baudin, Laura. Les cyber-attaques dans les conflits armés: Qualification juridique, imputabilité et moyens de réponse envisagés en droit international humanitaire. Editions L'Harmattan, 2014.
7
Hadjipavlou, Maria. Gender, Conflict and Peace-keeping Operations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.190.
Abstract:
Gender shapes how both men and women understand their experiences and actions regarding armed conflicts. A gender perspective in the context of conflict situations means to pay close attention to the special needs of women and girls during peace-building processes, including disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, resettlement, rehabilitation, reintegration to the social fabric in post-conflict reconstruction, as well as to take measures to support local women’s peace initiatives. In this light, the overall culture, both within the UN and its member states, needs to be addressed. This culture is still patriarchal and supportive of state militaries, and peacekeeping operations that are comprised of them, which are based on a hegemonic masculinity that depends on the trivialization of women and the exploitation and commodification of women’s bodies. The values, qualities, and qualifications for peace-keeping personnel, on the ground and in senior positions, have been framed and adopted through a patriarchal understanding of peace-keeping, peace-building, and peace-making which has defined security narrowly, has relied on state militaries and military experts to be peace enforcers and makers, has been disinterested in the relationship between conflict and social inequalities, has imposed new social inequalities and new violences in the name of peacekeeping, and has systematically excluded or marginalized women in peace-keeping, peace-building, and peacemaking processes. Although the recent advances, reflected in Security Council, other UN, and member state resolutions and mandates, of integrating gender concerns into these processes have made a positive difference in some operations, implementation of these is still marginal.
8
Akimjak, Amantius, and Iurii Shcherbiak, eds. Transformational processes of the social and humanitarian sphere of modern Ukraine in the conditions of war: challenges, problems and prospects. VERBUM – vydavateľstvo Katolíckej univerzity v Ružomberku, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54937/2023.9788056110096.
Abstract:
The internationally edited book "Transformational processes of the social and humanitarian sphere of modem Ukraine in the conditions of war: challenges, problems and prospects" deals with the political behaviour of elites before the large-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops. It then analyses the consequences of the activities of these political elites. The next section presents innovative approaches to improving teachers' qualifications under wartime conditions. Ukraine's international diplomatic relations with Western European countries are also analysed. In terms of social and humanitarian contributions, we have the provision of crisis psychological assistance as well as the activities of Catholic Charities and volunteerism in times of armed conflict. The topicality of this publication is brought by the habits of how to adapt the student to the new conditions of education in Universities and the socio-pedagogical problems are described in detail. Emphasis is also placed on the spiritual aspect of practical work with students, particularly in integrated arts classes.
9
Lechevalier, Arnaud. Les catégories dans leur genre. Teseo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55778/ts911693048.
Abstract:
<p class="tight">Comment le genre façonne-t-il les catégories d’appréhension du monde socialet celles des sciences sociales elles-mêmes ? Et comment ces catégories contribuent-elles à produire du sens et des effets sociaux dans le cadre des relations de genre?</p><p>Des contentieux récents sur le port du foulard islamique dans les lieux du travail aux transformations des normes de parentalité face à l’homoparentalité et aux nouvelles modalités de «faire famille», de l’octroi des prestations sociales aux migrants dans l’Europe communautaire aux formes de régulation et (de)qualification du travail à domicile, des statistiques élaborées pour mettre au jour les discriminations à l’embauche aux politiques sociales destinées aux «mères seules précaires» ou encore aux politiques d’égalité et de la diversité développées dans les entreprises, c’est tout un ensemble de réflexions théoriques et de recherches empiriques qui est présenté ici.</p><p>Elles donnent à voir le «travail» de catégorisation qui investit les rapports de genre dans plusieurs domaines, en se focalisant sur les genèses, les enjeux et les conflits qui animent ces opérations à la fois de description, de production et de transformation de la réalité sociale, ainsi que leur impact sur les sciences sociales et juridiques contemporaines en France.</p>
10
Socher, Johannes. Russia and the Right to Self-Determination in the Post-Soviet Space. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897176.001.0001.
Abstract:
As a concept of international law, the right to self-determination is widely renowned for its lack of clarity. Broadly speaking, one can differentiate between a liberal and a nationalist tradition. In modern international law, the balance between these two opposing traditions is sought in an attempt to contain or ‘domesticate’ the nationalist conception by limiting it to ‘abnormal’ situations, that is to colonialism in the sense of ‘alien subjugation, domination and exploitation’. Essentially, this distinction between ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ situations has since, the distinction was made, been the heart of the matter in the legal discourse on the right to self-determination, with the important qualification regarding the need to preserve existing borders. This book situates Russia’s approach to the right to self-determination in that discourse by way of a regional comparison vis-à-vis a ‘Western’ or European perspective, and a temporal comparison with the former Soviet doctrine of international law. Against the background of the Soviet Union’s role in the evolution of the right to self-determination, the bulk of the book analyses Russia’s relevant state practice in the post-Soviet space through the prisms of sovereignty, secession, and annexation, illustrated by a total of seven case studies on the conflicts over Abkhazia, Chechnya, Crimea, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia, Tatarstan, and Transnistria. Complemented by a review of the Russian scholarship on the right to self-determination, it is suggested that Russia’s approach may be best understood not only in terms of power politics disguised as legal rhetoric, but can be seen as evidence of traits of a regional (re-)fragmentation of international law.
Book chapters on the topic "Conflits de qualifications":
1
Kawagishi, Shin. "The Qualification of the Ukraine Conflict in International Humanitarian Law." In Global Impact of the Ukraine Conflict, 273–94. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4374-6_13.
2
Nylund, Anna. "Nordic Family Mediation: Towards a System of Differentiated Services?" In Children in Custody Disputes, 41–66. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46301-3_3.
Abstract:
AbstractThis contribution maps and analyses the definition, purpose, and content of alternative legal proceedings in custody conflicts in the various Scandinavian legal systems. It finds that such proceedings occur both as part of legal and social services, but there is a lack of coordination between them. Expert mediators are involved in some of the proceedings, but their qualifications and methods are not yet defined. Ultimately, the conclusion is drawn that the lack of clear content, role definition, and coordination, results in alternative legal proceedings that insufficiently account for the rights and perspectives of the child.
3
Matsuyama, Saori. "The Impact of the United Nations General Assembly’s Qualification of Aggression on the Law of Neutrality." In Global Impact of the Ukraine Conflict, 295–311. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4374-6_14.
4
Scheffer, Jörg. "Stratification, Socialisation and Space." In Mirrored Spaces, 9–51. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42793-1_2.
Abstract:
AbstractThe social upheavals happening in Western countries through a drifting apart of society—creating a wealthy minority on the one hand and increasing insecurity on the other—carry a great potential for conflict especially when they seem to become structurally entrenched. Starting with the development and the causes of social inequality today, the process of social reproduction needs to be examined closely, the goal being a step-by-step comprehension of upward mobility in the internet age. To this end, the acquisition of knowledge and qualification (according to Pierre Bourdieu and Martina Löw, among others) must be put in the larger context of socialisation and its spatial contingency in order to be able to identify group-specific mechanisms of privilege and discrimination more thoroughly.
5
Zaier, Amani, and Faith Maina. "White College Students’ Cognitive Dissonance When Taught by Immigrant Professor of Color." In To Be a Minority Teacher in a Foreign Culture, 333–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25584-7_21.
Abstract:
AbstractThis study investigated whether White college students experience cognitive dissonance when taught by immigrant professors of color and if so, how do they restore harmony and balance in order to complete the course successfully. Cognitive dissonance refers to feelings of discomfort that arise when a person’s behavior or attitude is in conflict with the person’s values and beliefs, or when new information contrary to their beliefs is presented to them. The participants in this study were 321 preservice teachers who were enrolled in a culturally and linguistically diversity course and a bilingual education course at a large, predominantly White university in the southwestern United States Using three archival instruments including anonymous questions, a guessing activity, a mid-term and end-of-semester evaluations, the students manifested dissonance by “othering” the professor through cultural and racial profiling, questioned the professor’s qualification, professionalism and credentials, and expressed anger and anxiety towards the course. These processes have significant implications for the career trajectory of the immigrant professor of color, while at the same time impacting the knowledge access for White college students.
6
"Regards sur le contenu des qualifications des principaux acteurs des conflits armés." In The International Legal Order: Current Needs and Possible Responses, 660–76. Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004314375_044.
7
"Conclusions, Qualifications, and Implications." In International Trade and Political Conflict, 161–64. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10vm1ms.17.
8
Bizioli, Gianluigi. "Qualification Conflicts and Tax Treaties." In The Oxford Handbook of International Tax Law, 285—C17N28. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192897688.013.18.
Abstract:
Abstract This chapter examines qualification conflicts and tax treaties. Qualification conflicts in tax treaty law raise two different issues. The first involves defining the boundaries of the topic and, in particular, the differences and the overlapping of the contiguous terms and activities of interpretation, classification, and characterization. This issue is common to every legal order and the conflicts are always due to a varying interpretation by two jurisdictions. The second, differently, involves the consequences of these conflicts on international taxation, in particular double taxation or double non-taxation of the same income in the hands of the same taxpayer by two (or more) different jurisdictions. The chapter presents a literature review of the issue, with particular emphasis on the OECD and the UN documents, on the commentaries, and on monographs on the topic. It looks at the critical analysis of the causes as well as the solutions provided, their coherence with the principles of international taxation, and ability to pursue the objectives.
9
"CHAPTER THIRTEEN. Conclusions, Qualifications, and Implications." In International Trade and Political Conflict, 161–64. Princeton University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691214863-015.
10
Hellebrandt, V. "Chapter 4: Conflicts of Qualification under Article 23A(4)." In Exemption Method and Credit Method. IBFD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.59403/3cbfx2z004.
Conference papers on the topic "Conflits de qualifications":
1
Sauder, Thomas, Valentin Chabaud, Maxime Thys, Erin E. Bachynski, and Lars Ove Sæther. "Real-Time Hybrid Model Testing of a Braceless Semi-Submersible Wind Turbine: Part I — The Hybrid Approach." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54435.
Abstract:
This article presents a method for performing Real-Time Hybrid Model testing (ReaTHM testing) of a floating wind turbine (FWT). The advantage of this method compared to the physical modelling of the wind in an ocean basin, is that it solves the Froude-Reynolds scaling conflict, which is a key issue in FWT testing. ReaTHM testing allows for more accurate testing also in transient conditions, or degraded conditions, which are not feasible yet with physical wind. The originality of the presented method lies in the fact that all aerodynamic load components of importance for the structure were identified and applied on the physical model, while in previous similar projects, only the aerodynamic thrust force was applied on the physical model. The way of applying the loads is also new. The article starts with a short review (mostly references) of ReaTHM testing when applied to other fields than marine technology. It then describes the design of the hybrid setup, its qualification, and discusses possible error sources and their quantification. The second part of the article [1] focuses on the performance of a braceless semi-submersible FWT, tested with the developed method. The third part [2] describes how the experimental data was used to calibrate a numerical model of the FWT.