Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conflit civil et mobilisation politique'
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Pepe, Armando. "Conflit civil dans le Midi de l’Italie à l'aube du Risorgimento : le cas de la Terre de Labour (1806-1825)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALH017.
Full textArmando Pepe’s doctoral thesis is entitled «Civil conflict in Southern Italy at the dawn of the Risorgimento: the case of Terra di Lavoro (1806-1825)» and aims to investigate the fight against brigandage both in Napoleonic, during the French Decade, and during the first Bourbon Restoration.As regards the Napoleonic period, numerous brigands appear, some known, such as Fra’ Diavolo, others less known if not unknown, such as Vincenzo Matera, from Viticuso, the Saltarelli cousins, from Castelforte, and the Giannantonio brothers, from Guardiaregia, in Molise earldom, but strongly operational on both sides of the Matese mountains.The brigands were opposed by tenacious men, such as Captain Antonio Acciaioli, commander of the provincial civic guards of the Venafro district, killed in an ambush together with sixteen guards by Vincenzo Matera, Benedetto Panetta and other brigands.Many soldiers of Corsican origin actively participated in the fight against banditry, including Major Natale Amici, who were engaged in the mountainous areas of Terra di Lavoro, especially in the Mainarde chain.The war diaries of 1806 of the French general Antoine Girardon are returned in transcription for the first time, which constitute the sequel to those, dating back to 1799, already published by Critelli and Segarini. General Girardon contracted malaria in the Minturno marshes and died in 1806.We can explicitly see the role played by the French army in combating brigandage and the directives given by the minister Antoine-Christophe Saliceti, who monitored the situation daily.No less interesting are the initiatives taken upon the return of the Bourbon dynasty to the throne to repress brigandage, particularly in the border areas with the Papal State, where the group of Michele Macaro, known as «Mezzapenta», operated.The thesis is divided into six chapters in addition to the conclusions.For convenience, the division into chapters is reported: 1) Chapter I, the Kingdom of Naples between the Revolution and the Restoration (1799-1825); 2) Chapter II, Brigands of the Napoleonic era in the area of jurisdiction of the Military Commission of Castellone (North of Terra di Lavoro, 1806); 3) Chapter III, The brigandage actions of the Napoleonic era in the area of jurisdiction of the Military Commission of Capua (South of Terra di Lavoro, 1807-1810); 4) Chapter IV, An attempt at coordination between states: extraditions of brigands and diplomatic issues with the Papal State and with the First French Empire (1806-1811); 5) Chapter V, The groups of brigands of the Napoleonic era in the area of jurisdiction of the Military Commission of Capua (1807-1810); 6) Chapter VI, Brigandage during the second Bourbon Restoration (1815-1825).Then the Conclusions follow. The thesis is accompanied by geographical maps, 215 appendices, almost all unpublished, and indexes of places and names of person
Gaille, Marie. "Liberté et conflit civil : une interprétation de la politique machiavélienne." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100143.
Full textThis work enquires about the relationship between freedom and civil conflict in Machiavelli's Prince, Discourses and Florentine Histories. He defines it in a way to allow us to consider the idea of citizenship without community from an original standpoint. Understanding his conception helps us to think of a political perspective distinct from the communist and the liberal utopias. The way Machiavelli sees civil conflict is complex : many ternis are used to describe it, whereas it is apparently grounded on a single antagonism ; freedom, as well as violence and destruction, may be derived from it ; we understand how it goes on and on, but its genesis remains somehow mysterious. These difficulties do not prevent us from considering the meaning and the scope of his thesis - the idea that freedom is at stake in civil conflict makes his political thought unique in a radical manner. What is this new political perspective ? Civil conflict only gives birth to freedom in a specific frame : is this the mixed constitution, or rather the people's republic ? What does mean the institutional expression of civil conflict ? However, this political perspective has a tragical dimension : manners prevail on laws. An ethos of freedom, linked to religion and poverty, is essential for the « vivere libero ». Freedom cannot be without a lifestyle called civility, that is destroyed by the unavoidable process of corruption. Machiavelli conceives freedom through the comment on the Roman republic. As a consequence, this political perspective is strongly dependent on it. Is Rome the paradigm of freedom for Machiavelli ? Are we able to perceive the implications of such a perspective once we have singled out the reasons for his choice ? In fact, in order to consider the conditions of Machiavelli's presence in contemporary political thought, we have to throw the light on his conception of history and his relation to the theory of the sovereign state
Gaborit, Pascaline. "La confiance après un conflit civil : analyse comparative des situations de post-conflit au Mozambique, Cambodge et en Bosnie-Herzégovine." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL20003.
Full textHow could one contribute to a long term sustainable reconstruction of societies affected by civil wars and being in a situation of post war destructuration/restructuration ? In the aftermath of civil conflicts, surviving populations within devastated countries, experience a severe lack of trust towards emergent public institutions, but also within civil society and at social (interpersonal) level. The concept of trust is kalideoscopic cross cutting theme within sciences, and encompasses several meanings, each one potentially being used as a tool of analysis (Möllering 2006 ; Khodyakov 2007). At a time of reconstruction, and in a context of political instability, punctuated by sporadic eruptions of violence, this research intends to demonstrate that Trust is a central parameter of understanding for the post conflict situation. The research goes beyond existing literature about trust, and post conflict by adding up field research and especially the analysis of the media. NGO reports, and 308 interviews done with local population in the studied countries : Cambodia, Mozambique and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The research also proposes some hypothesis on how to integrate the concept of Trust within international actions for peace building and reconstruction, as well as in international justice activities
Ingels, Christophe. "L'administration libanaise au sortir du conflit civil : permanence de l'enjeu politique partisan et impératifs fonctionnels de la reconstruction à portée nationale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32023.
Full textThe study of the lebanese state and its administration, following the end of the civil war, is a matter of importance for those who pay an interest in the general and multi-levelled recomposition process of this middle-eastern country. Historically speaking, the lebanese administration was at stake for the political elites who tried to take a personal advantage out of the growing significance of its resources, particularly in the field of development policies. After the civil war, the new political elites show the same great concern about the state's resources brought along with the reconstruction public policies, hindering by their partisanship attitudes the potential effects of the programme as well as the reform process of the administration
Seguin, Laura. "Les apprentissages de la participation. Regards croisés sur un dispositif institué et une mobilisation contestataire." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR1804/document.
Full textCitizenship has been making a strong resurgence in the environmental field, visible both in institutionalised procedures intended to include all citizens in decision-making, and in protest movements or resistance to some planning projects or land uses. For those who take part - citizens, members of associations, policy makers and public policy professionals -, these two kinds of participatory experiences represent significant spaces for political learning. Through the exploration of an institutionalised procedure for public participation (a citizens’ conference on water management) and a protest movement (against shale gas), this work identifies what actors learn on the one hand, and the learning methods on the other. The ethnographic survey and the use of educational sciences constitute the originality of this research which describes and analyses experiments in political learning, education to conflict as well as participation
Boone, Damien. "La politique racontée aux enfants : des apprentissages pris dans des dispositifs entre consensus et conflit : une étude des sentiers de la (dé) politisation des enfants." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944406.
Full textQuesnay, Arthur. "Ordres partisans, politiques identitaires et production du social : le cas de Kirkouk, Irak (2003 - 2018)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D009.
Full textRegularly described as the result of an identity conflict triggered by external interventions, the Iraqi civil war is first and foremost the result of intense partisan competition. Through an investigation conducted from 2010 to 2017 in the Kirkuk governorate, this thesis demonstrates how Iraqi parties penetrate the state and produce society. In particular, my work questions how parties capture the state resources that enable them to implement demographic engineering policies, violence being also a central modality of action in the political game. As a result, a new identity hierarchy is emerging that is changing the socio-economic structures and daily lives of the population. From 2011, the inequalities resulting from these transformations will encourage unanimous (and not sectarian) protests, but violence ultimately prohibits the development of this movement and the marginalization of Sunni Arabs will ultimately facilitate the emergence of the Islamic State. Between 2014 and 2017, the war against lS further radicalizes the political projects of all political parties, but paradoxically leads to a strengthening of the State, which returns through a devolution of power in favor of militias and, in October 2017, manages to take Kirkuk back from the Iraqi Kurdish parties
Deycard, Frédéric. "Les rébellions touarègues du Niger : combattants, mobilisations et culture politique." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556639.
Full textRammelt, Henry. "La mobilisation sociale en Europe de l'Est depuis la crise financière de 2008 : une analyse comparative de l’évolution des réseaux militants en Hongrie et en Roumanie." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2168/document.
Full textIn Eastern Europe the financial crisis of 2008 highlighted the gap between expectations concerning the new configuration of liberal and capitalist states on the one hand, and the social realities on the other. Waves of contention followed, which were provoked especially by austerity measures implemented by the respective governments. These were in their majority directed against the post-communist elites, which were held responsible for the perceived slow progress regarding economic performance and the democratization process in the years before. With the purpose of analyzing new forms of collective action and protests that appeared following this crisis, this dissertation is dedicated to study, in a comparative manner, activist networks in Hungary and Romania between 2008 and 2014.The following questions are in the center of the study: Are those recent waves of mobilization different from forms of protests prior to the crisis or can we observe a continuation of repertoires of contention? If Romania and Hungary are considered to be countries still located in the transition process, without having reached the “goal” of consolidated democracies, are the conditions and forms of collective action also undergoing profound transformations? If so, how can we explain the different dynamics in those two countries?Given the fact, that the analysis of social movements is becoming a multicentric subfield of social sciences, the present study draws on a diversity of analytical angles, not only stemming from approaches to investigate social movements and regime change, but also including additional theoretical avenues, in order to answer these main questions. Taking into account the transformation background of Romania and Hungary seems the appropriate perspective to understand recent mobilizations. For this purpose, this study analyzes processes of the accumulation of cognitive and relational social capital, shaping a new generation of activists. By doing so, the emphasis could be put on observing the effects of protests on subsequent mobilizations and the spillover/ interaction between activist networks over time. In a first step, I gathered comparable data on the political, economic and social environment, in which these networks arose, by carrying out expert on-line surveys in both countries. For a better understanding of mechanisms of resource mobilization, mobilization channels, network characteristics and organizational features, I conducted 26 in-depth interviews with activists from both countries. As a result, I was able to highlight the significance of protest-specific experiences for future mobilizations. Online social networks appear to play a key role in this dynamic in contemporary social movements, mainly through their capacity of generating a collective identity and transforming personal indignation into collective action. The nature and the intensity of this dynamic vary in the two countries. While I observed a growth of, what I called “recreational activism” in Romania, resulting from the concomitance of patterns of cultural consumption and civic involvement, a certain protest fatigue can be attested for the first years after the crisis in Hungary. Confronted with stable political configurations and a government that is widely supported by the electorate, movements contesting the power of Fidesz were not able to destabilize existing power structures in Hungary. Hence, this study shows that a longstanding culture of protest and of civic engagement does not necessarily lead, in different circumstances, to high levels of political activism of challengers to political power. Furthermore, the Romanian case suggests that rather the absence of such a culture, combined with a lack of precedent and experiences for both, engaged citizens and authorities can open spaces for renegotiating rules and provoke (lasting) political and cultural changes
El, Sabri Saada. "Le rôle de l'institution militaire dans la transition politique en Libye." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB229.
Full textThe nature of the role played by military institutions in democratic states differs from that one played in developing States and / or those in times of political transition. In the first case, military institutions have a professional role of protecting the state against external aggression. Whereas in the second case, the military institution goes beyond its professional tasks until intervention on the political scene via direct or indirect military power. Taking into account the fact that the military institution in the second category of countries does not always trust the democratic regime, often considered as a threat to national security, the requirement of democracy therefore remains in permanent postponement. The academic debate on the relationship between democracy and the arrival of the military in power has increased since the start of the Arab Spring revolutions, although the question of transition itself has been at the center of political research since the the 1960s and 70s. People are seeking democratic regimes based on law, citizenship, respect for human rights and freedoms, and pursuing development policies to benefit the poor before the other rich. However, a new problem arose; How to find a suitable formula for the place of the Army in the new democratic regimes. How can we control the growing role of the military institution without exposing the State to the danger of internal division or aggression from outside? This research focuses on civil-military relations in Libya and the role of the military institution in the political transitions that the country has undergone since independence, as well as the historical, economic, geopolitical and social factors that have perfumed these relations by the Libyan peculiarity. Moreover, since 2014, during the Libyan national dialogue between hostile parties, the question of the military institution posed real obstacles to a national consensus, because the parties were, and still are, divided around the article 8, concerning the Army in the signed draft of the consensus. In this context, the problem of study revolves around a general question; to what extent can the military institution allow or contribute to a transition to a democratic regime based on pluralism and not tribalism or Libya ?
Demba, Guy-Eugène. "Élites dirigeantes, sortie de crise et reconstruction post-conflit dans les États africains de la Région des Grands Lacs.1990-2013." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30008/document.
Full textFor more than two decades, a number of African States within the scope of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region have sunk into both armed intrastate and domestic conflicts. From the Rwandan genocide to civil wars in Congo-Brazzaville, Angola, Uganda, and Burundi, or the constantly armed political violence in the Central African Republic (CAR), through the Great African War in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), numerous and important mechanisms for conflict resolution have been experienced, bilateral, communitarian, regional, as well as Onusian. Unfortunately, the concepts relative to the end of crisis and post-conflict reconstruction still remain empty words, given the revivals and extensions of conflicts in that Region. Thus, by mobilizing the neo-elitist approach which goes the empirical reality, after reviewing all the major elitist philosophical, political and sociological theories defended by the classical authors such as Wilfredo Pareto, Gaetano Mosca, etc. On one hand, and by resorting to Johan Galtung’s theory on negative peace versus positive peace, on the other, this dissertation aims at highlighting the role played by governing Elites in the peace process within the Region. After defining these elites, this monography shows the difficulties of solving conflicts due to the regional sociodemographic heterogeneity. Then, it emphasizes mechanisms for keeping negative peace by the governing Elites, in interaction with other protagonists
Ngondzi, Jonas Rémy. "Enfants-soldats, conflits armés, liens familiaux : Quels enjeux de prise en charge dans le cadre du processus de DDR ? Approche comparative entre les deux Congo." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958088.
Full textMorissette, Benoît. "Identités en conflit : gouvernementalité, action collective et démocratie." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2031/1/M10702.pdf.
Full textGuité, Alexandra. "L'action collective en Argentine : répertoires, héritages et traditions politiques, les Piqueteros." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3440/1/M9546.pdf.
Full textWandji, Tchatat Raïssa Ludwine. "Victoire des rebelles lors des conflits civils : quel impact sur les conditions socio-économiques des populations?" Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25631.
Full textThis study is about the impact of the rebels’ victory in a civil conflict on improving the living conditions of the population. Civil conflicts are often triggered by social, economic, and political grievances that population and rebel groups may have against the government. However, so far, the literature on civil conflicts and more specifically, on the post-war period has not enabled us to know whether, in cases where the rebel group emerges victorious from the conflict, it provides a positive response to the grievances that had been raised at the start of the conflict. In other words, is there an improvement in the socio-economic conditions of the populations after this victory? The research carried out here refutes our hypothesis. We assume that popular support being necessary most of the time for the success of a rebel group, the legitimacy thus acquired will allow the rebel group to govern more democratically and fairly than a winning government and therefore to improve the living conditions of the population. After an empirical study with simple and multiple regression analysis, by which we compare several cases of civil conflicts, which led to rebel victory and those that led to government victory, it emerges that rebel victory does not lead to an improvement in socio-economic conditions. On the contrary, these conditions deteriorate slightly in our sample, while we observe an improvement in cases where the government is victorious. In addition, our explanatory mechanism, which made the post-conflict political regime an intermediate variable between the outcome of the conflict and socio-economic conditions, is not confirmed.
Greco, Morgane. "Le travail des fonctionnaires internationaux du Bureau du Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général de l’ONU chargé de la question des violences sexuelles commises en période de conflit en République démocratique du Congo." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24127.
Full textOur study focuses on the work achieved by international civil servants at the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict (SRSG-SVC), regarding the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) through the prism of the Weberian bureaucracy. Based on six semi-directive interviews and the analysis of United Nations public sources, this study aims to providing perspectives on the views of the Office’s officials in relation to their missions and the means at their disposal to carry them out. This academic work also focuses on the scope of the work of the RSSG-VSC Office in the DRC, from the point of view of these international officials based in headquarters. So far, no qualitative studies had been conducted on the topic of the work of these civil servants. In addition to that, the Secretary-General’s annual reports drafted by this Office do not provide an understanding of the full scope of the work done in the DRC. Thus, this research project seeks to fill this gap. The analysis of the data collected shows that the creation of the mandate would have been premeditated: indeed, despite several Security Council resolutions and call for the end to conflict-related sexual violence, these crimes continue to be perpetrated. Thus, the mandate of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict would have enabled the creation of the mandate of the SRSG-SVC, through advocacy work combined with multiple calls from the international community. The mandate’s goals which are ending conflict-related sexual violence around the world by helping to free victims’ voices, ensuring their reintegration into communities, filling gaps and strengthening knowledge about these crimes are shared by all respondents. In addition, the vision of their work within the Office is unanimously shared. However, respondents’ views differ when addressing the scope of the Office’s actions. The mandate still faces many challenges to end rape in war.