Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conflict of laws – Europe'
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Visser, Cornelis Ane de. "The European Community conflict of laws rules on voluntary assignments /." [S.l.] : Groningen : Hephaestus ; Ulrik Huber Institute for Private International Law [distr.], 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016727383&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Fee, Emma. "'A Europe without dividing lines': the normative framework of the European neighbourhood policy - emergent jus gentium or consolidation of jus civile?" Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83952.
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The primary focus of this work is Article 57 of the Draft European Constitution, concerning the constitutionalisation of a new aspect in EU external relations law, 'the European Neighbourhood Policy'. No comprehensive study of this constitutional article has yet been undertaken in EU legal research. Through the medium of the title of my thesis I wish to examine whether it amounts to an emergent jus gentium for the EU or its antithesis, the consolidation of jus civile. In parallel with the nature of the subject, this study is necessarily a legal-political one. Key points identified are the strategic use of human rights, extraterritoriality of law, foreign direct investment and legal imperialism. A number of recent developments, both judicial and legislative, have provoked this study.
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Ahmed, Mukarrum. "A comparative study of the fundamental juridical nature, classification and private law enforcement of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements in the English common law of conflict of laws, the European Union private international law regime and the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230177.
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During the course of this PhD thesis, it will be argued that it is misconceived to think of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements as unilaterally enforced domestic private law obligations within an English 'dispute resolution' paradigm because multilateral private international law rules are essentially secondary rules for the allocation of regulatory authority which may not permit a separation of functions or the relative effect of such agreements. In other words, a multilateral system for the public ordering of private law will assume priority over or trump the existence of the private law rights and obligations of the parties to the jurisdiction and choice of law agreement and the unilateral enforcement of such rights via anti-suit injunctions and the damages remedy. Otherwise, the private law enforcement of the mutual contractual obligation not to sue in a noncontractual forum attributed to an exclusive jurisdiction agreement may operate as a 'unilateral private international law rule' with a controversial and confrontational allocative function of its own. It may lead to the 'privatization of court access' by dubiously perpetuating and prioritizing the unilateral private ordering of private law over the multilateral public ordering of private law. Moreover, the enforcement of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements by private law remedies within a multilateral system will necessarily distort the allocative or distributive function of private international law rules by giving precedence to the redistributive will of the parties premised on principles of corrective justice inter partes of questionable applicability. International structural order is compromised in the unilateral private law enforcement of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements as such enforcement gives rise to a clash of sovereign legal orders and also the possibility of 'regime collision' by interfering with the jurisdiction, judgments and choice of law apparatus of foreign courts which a multilateral conception of private international law is supposed to prevent in the first place. However, this PhD thesis will argue that outside the confines of the EU private international law regime, the variable geometry that is characteristic of the international commercial litigation sphere may not impede the separation of functions within such agreements. Whether an English court ought to grant a pragmatic private law remedy enforcing such agreements is of course another matter. Ultimately, a more comprehensive concept of transnational justice in private international law disputes informed by methodological pluralism needs to be developed. A notion of transnational justice which seeks to simultaneously balance the competing demands of the notion of 'conflicts justice' which prioritizes ex ante multilateral allocative imperatives and the idea of an ex post material justice between the litigating parties in the individual instance.
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Xu, Mu Chi. "Flexibility versus certainty : a comparative study of choice of law rules regarding contractual liabilities in the European Union and Mainland China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2112293.
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Juras, Camille. "International intellectual property disputes and arbitration : a comparative analysis of American, European and international approaches : the search for an acceptable arbitral site." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80932.
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This paper compares the arbitral procedures used in different legal systems and evaluates their suitability for international intellectual property disputes. By doing so, it will identify many obstacles to the realization of an international arbitral regime responding to intellectual property disputes.
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Liauh, Hueih-Wehn. "Internationales Versicherungsvertragsrecht /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009095720&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Mongkolkiatsri, Sirichai. "Private international law context of defamation in the United Kingdom and the European Union context /." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26230.
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Moreira, André de Oliveira Schenini. "Uma análise acerca do artigo 8º do regulamento Roma II em face ao fenônemo das violações ubíquas de direitos autorais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115060.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar qual o tratamento que o fenômeno das violações ubíquas de direitos autorais, praticadas essencialmente no âmbito da internet, recebe no direito do conflito de leis, haja vista ser tal ocorrência um terreno fértil para a múltipla aplicação de legislações a um único ato. A análise realizada partiu da clara influência do princípio da territorialidade dos direitos autorais no âmbito do direito internacional privado de diferentes legislações, cujos resultados não se mostraram capazes de lidar com os reflexos do fenômeno das violações ubíquas. Para tanto, buscamos primeiramente no Regulamento Roma II, um instrumento de direito unional que unificou as regras de definição da lei a ser aplicada em casos de violações de direitos de propriedade intelectual no âmbito da União Europeia, mais especificamente no seu aritgo 8º, alternativas para uma abordagem mais atualizada. Aparentemente, apesar do alardeado teor vanguardista desse regulamento, referido instrumento de direito unional apresentou uma abordagem deveras conservadora no que tange ao conflito de leis para infrações de propriedade intelectual por meio de mídias ubíquas. Devido a isso, o presente estudo buscou em outras alternativas, encontradas em normas de soft law e no próprio direito europeu, possíveis saídas para o entrave criado pelo legislador unional nesse instrumento que deveria servir de modelo às futuras legislações internacionalprivatistas. A atual rigidez territorialista existente na forma como as violações ubíquas dos direitos de criação do homem são tratadas, fenômeno crescente com o uso desenfreado da internet em nosso dia a dia, assim como o poder unificador do Regulamento Roma II, foram razões que fizeram com que este trabalho propusesse um novo artigo para o citado conjunto de regras de conflitos de leis, específico para lidar com as violações ubíquas de direitos autorais, baseado em elementos de conexão condizentes com a atual realidade de exploração de obras da criação humana.The purpose of this work is to analyse which is the treatment granted by the conflictof- law to the copyright ubiquitous infringement phenomenon occured mainly in the internet, considering that such situation is a fertile ground for the multiple application of laws occured due to the promotion of a sole act. The performed analysis departed from the clear influence of the copyright territoriality principle over the international private law of different legislations, whose results were not capable to deal with the reflexes originated from the ubiquitous infringement phenomenon. In this sense, we firstly searched in the Rome II Regulation, an european law tool that has unified the conflict-of-law rules for intellectual property infringement in the European Union, specifically in its article 8, an alternativa for an updated approach. Although the boasted avant-garde content of such regulation, apparently this european legal instrument presented an extremely conservative approach when dealing with the conflict-of-laws in intellectual property infringements perpetrated through ubiquitous medias, which therefore forced the current work to seek in other alternatives, located in the soft law and in the own european law, possible solutions for this complication created by the european legislator in an instrument that should have served as model to future international private law rules. The current rigidity seen in the way that ubiquitous infringements of creation rights are treated, considering the growing status of such phenomenon due to the vast use of the internet in our daily tasks, as well as the unifying power of the Rome II Regulation, were the reasons that directed this study to create a new rule for the cited group of conflict-oflaw rules specifically built to deal with copyright ubiquitous infringements, based on connecting factors that are consistent with the current reality of intellectual creations exploitation.
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MARENGHI, CHIARA. "LA LEGGE APPLICABILE AL DANNO DA PRODOTTO NELL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/771.
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La tesi è dedicata ai profili di diritto internazionale privato del danno da prodotto, con particolare riguardo agli sviluppi normativi che hanno interessato i Paesi membri dell’Unione europea. Nella prima parte della trattazione vengono analizzate le vicende più significative connesse alla nascita della fattispecie sia da un punto di vista sostanziale che internazionalprivatistico. In tale ambito, viene riservata peculiare attenzione all’esperienza degli stati Uniti (Cap. 1), che come noto hanno rappresentato la culla della responsabilità del produttore, e viene esaminata la Convenzione dell’Aja del 2 ottobre 1973 (Cap. 2), prima disciplina speciale della materia sul piano del diritto internazionale privato. La seconda parte dell’elaborato si concentra invece sugli interventi legislativi predisposti a livello comunitario (direttiva 85/374/CEE, come modificata dalla direttiva 1999/34/CE, e regolamento 864/2007/CE) al fine di ricostruire i rapporti intercorrenti tra le diverse fonti (nazionali, comunitarie e internazionali) che oggi concorrono a disciplinare la questione della legge applicabile alla responsabilità da prodotto negli Stati membri dell’Unione europea (Cap. 3).The thesis examines the conflict of laws aspects of product liability, with particular regard to recent developments of EU Member States’ legislation. Product liability law as a distinct body of law – at least partially independent from general tort law – is a relatively new phenomenon. It arose during the 1960s in the Unites States of America. In that period US courts and scholars started to deal with choice-of-law issues in product liability cases. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the most significant events relating to product liability history, from both a domestic and international point of view. The need for a special conflicts rule – pointed out first by the US commentator Albert Ehrenzweig – led to the adoption of the 1973 Hague Convention on the law applicable to product liability, the first regulation of the topic in private international law, which is analysed in Chapter 2. Finally, Chapter 3 examines European Community legislative interventions in the field of product liability (Council Directive 85/374/EEC, amended by Directive 1999/34/EC, and Regulation 864/2007/EC) with the aim of assessing the present state of the law in EU Member States. Different sources are currently competing to regulate the issue of the law applicable to product liability in the EU context and this chapter analyses the relationships between them.
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MARENGHI, CHIARA. "LA LEGGE APPLICABILE AL DANNO DA PRODOTTO NELL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/771.
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La tesi è dedicata ai profili di diritto internazionale privato del danno da prodotto, con particolare riguardo agli sviluppi normativi che hanno interessato i Paesi membri dell’Unione europea. Nella prima parte della trattazione vengono analizzate le vicende più significative connesse alla nascita della fattispecie sia da un punto di vista sostanziale che internazionalprivatistico. In tale ambito, viene riservata peculiare attenzione all’esperienza degli stati Uniti (Cap. 1), che come noto hanno rappresentato la culla della responsabilità del produttore, e viene esaminata la Convenzione dell’Aja del 2 ottobre 1973 (Cap. 2), prima disciplina speciale della materia sul piano del diritto internazionale privato. La seconda parte dell’elaborato si concentra invece sugli interventi legislativi predisposti a livello comunitario (direttiva 85/374/CEE, come modificata dalla direttiva 1999/34/CE, e regolamento 864/2007/CE) al fine di ricostruire i rapporti intercorrenti tra le diverse fonti (nazionali, comunitarie e internazionali) che oggi concorrono a disciplinare la questione della legge applicabile alla responsabilità da prodotto negli Stati membri dell’Unione europea (Cap. 3).The thesis examines the conflict of laws aspects of product liability, with particular regard to recent developments of EU Member States’ legislation. Product liability law as a distinct body of law – at least partially independent from general tort law – is a relatively new phenomenon. It arose during the 1960s in the Unites States of America. In that period US courts and scholars started to deal with choice-of-law issues in product liability cases. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the most significant events relating to product liability history, from both a domestic and international point of view. The need for a special conflicts rule – pointed out first by the US commentator Albert Ehrenzweig – led to the adoption of the 1973 Hague Convention on the law applicable to product liability, the first regulation of the topic in private international law, which is analysed in Chapter 2. Finally, Chapter 3 examines European Community legislative interventions in the field of product liability (Council Directive 85/374/EEC, amended by Directive 1999/34/EC, and Regulation 864/2007/EC) with the aim of assessing the present state of the law in EU Member States. Different sources are currently competing to regulate the issue of the law applicable to product liability in the EU context and this chapter analyses the relationships between them.
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Monsenego, Jérôme. "Taxation of foreign business income within the European internal market : an analysis of the conflict between the objective of achievement of the European internal market and." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Juridik, språk och ekonomisk statistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1287.
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Member States' rules on the taxation of the foreign business income of companies, whether they are based on the fiscal principle of territoriality or on the principle of worldwide taxation, raise complex issues of compatibility with the law of the European Union. Areas of conflict include particularly the taxation of foreign profits, the deduction of foreign losses, the elimination of international double taxation, and the attribution of profits to permanent establishments. The dissertation analyses these conflicts on the basis of a study of the case law of the European Court of Justice. Although this analysis provides some guidance for the taxation of companies when they carry out business activities throughout the European Union, it is concluded that the Court cannot, by itself: solve the conflict between the taxation of business income in a cross-border context and the objective of achievement of the internal market.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2011
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Bonova, Lucia. "The international merger control regime : building cooperation without harmonization." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98603.
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Globalization has had two major implications for national merger control regimes: national competition authorities are called more and more to examine transactions with cross-border dimensions and secondly, domestic business practices may be scrutinized by foreign nations. In light of this, divergent substantive standards have become a source of international friction, notably between the two most mature merger control regimes, the European Union and the United States.Facing this new reality, it has become clear that some sort of international arrangement will be needed in order to reduce the inefficiencies created by multijurisdictional review. Various proposals have been made, ranging from ambitious ones that would include the creation of an international competition code and enforcement agency, to more realistic proposals of achieving international coordination of merger control regimes through bilateral and multilateral cooperation amongst antitrust agencies.
This thesis argues that the path of large-scale cooperation is the most appropriate way to cope with the problems raised by globalization. As such, cooperation does not imply the harmonization of merger control regimes. The future lies in the hands of the International Competition Network which, despite considerable achievements, must evolve in the near future.
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McBean, Jean 1948. "Conflict of laws and Canadian matrimonial property redistribution laws." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63988.
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Berggren, Theo. "Norm Conflicts in Public International Law : The Relationship Between Obligations Under the ECHR and Under the UN Charter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323239.
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Johnová, Gabriela. "Budoucnost evropského mezinárodního práva soukromého." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191546.
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The European international private law has undergone a dynamic development during the last twenty years. It can be assumed that this development will continue con-sidering the increasing need for dealing with the legal relations involving a cross-border element, which arise thanks to the exercise of the freedom of movement of goods, capital, services, and people in the frame of the European Union. The experts in international private law discuss the directions of its future development. Should it continue the same or similar direction as until now, i.e. the unification of individual in-struments and conclusion of international agreements (limited with the EU competen-ces), or should it take the direction of a comprehensive codification of the European conflict of laws? The last considered direction is the adoption of a comprehensive common code on private law, i.e. a code of the private substantive law rules. Neverthe-less, this possibility deals with the diversity of the law cultures and the law orders among the EU member states.
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Ooi, Maisie Su Lin. "Shares in the conflict of laws." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365525.
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Rogerson, Philippa J. "Intangible property in the conflict of laws." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317842.
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Stingl, Harald. "Forum selection in the conflict of laws /." Wien : Verlag Österreich, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009337363&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Waldburg, Oliver. "Anpassungsprobleme im internationalen Abstammungsrecht : unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des deutsch-portugiesischen Rechtsverkehrs ; gleichzeitig eine Analyse der neuen Kollisionsnormen Artt. 19, 20 EGBGB n.F. /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Verl. für Standesamtswesen, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/324970668.pdf.
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Ajibade, Babatunde Ademola. "Aspects of the intra-federal conflict of laws." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243327.
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Lim, Yew Nghee 1973. "Towards a uniform conflict of laws regime in ASEAN governing international commercial transactions : uniformization of choice of law rules in contract and tort." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33361.
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To compete effectively in the global economy, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations [hereinafter ASEAN] needs supranational legal infrastructure that facilitates international business transactions. As such, this thesis examines choice of law issues in contract and tort in Canada, Louisiana, the Second Restatement on Conflict of Laws 1969, the United Kingdom, the Rome Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations 1980, and Singapore. Using a proposed Model Law on contract and tort choice of law in ASEAN, this thesis will demonstrate that despite differences in the existing choice of law rules, a uniform regime may nevertheless be formulated without significant compromises. On the broader level, this thesis proposes a uniform conflict of laws regime in ASEAN. Using the analogy of contract and tort choice of law, this thesis argues that divergences may be reconciled and a uniform regime forged. It is desired that this thesis will contribute towards the uniformizing of conflict of laws in ASEAN.
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Walker, Janet. "The constitution of Canada and the conflict of laws." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ff318f72-f634-4d80-98ea-79722e19bab7.
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This thesis explains the constitutional foundations for the conflict of laws in Canada. It locates these constitutional foundations in the text of key constitutional documents and in the history and the traditions of the courts in Canada. It compares the features of the Canadian Constitution that provide the foundation for the conflict of laws with comparable features in the constitutions of other federal and regional systems, particularly of the Constitutions of the United States and of Australia. This comparison highlights the distinctive Canadian approach to judicial authority - one that is the product of an asymmetrical system of government in which the source of political authority is the Constitution Act and in which the source of judicial authority is the continuing local tradition of private law adjudication. The distinctive Canadian approach to judicial authority provides the foundation for federal arrangements that have obviated the need for explicit mechanisms for coordinating legal systems. It has fostered a distinctive view of court jurisdiction and of the means for determining both whether a particular court has jurisdiction to decide a matter and whether the court should exercise that jurisdiction. It has provided the foundation for a unified court system within the Canadian federation - one in which there is a strong commitment to the shared responsibility of Canadian courts to promote access to justice, to prevent forum shopping, and to resolve multiplicities of proceedings so as to secure the same respect for the administration of justice between jurisdictions as exists within jurisdictions. This approach to judicial authority has also encouraged Canadian courts to draw on their inherent jurisdiction to permit the vindication of the rights of members of the Canadian public through civil litigation, notwithstanding the lack of direct application of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and in spite of the apparent jurisdictional impediments.
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横溝, 大., and Dai YOKOMIZO. "Patent Infringement by Multiple Parties and Conflict of Laws." 名古屋大学大学院法学研究科, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18566.
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Berthiaume, Adèle. "No-fault automobile insurance and the conflict of laws." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66123.
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Bobić, Ana. "The jurisprudence of constitutional conflict in the European Union." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:11f62d7d-3eba-43de-8d41-144ca733b1c0.
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The aim of the thesis is to address the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict between the Court of Justice and national courts with constitutional jurisdiction. It seeks to determine how the principle of primacy of EU law works in reality and whether the jurisprudence of the courts under analysis supports this concept. In so doing, the goal is to determine if the theory of constitutional pluralism can explain and guide the application of the principle of primacy of EU law in the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict. The analysis has been carried out on two levels. First, by exploring sovereignty claims by the courts under analysis, as well as reconciliatory vocabulary they employ to manage and contain constitutional conflict. Second, by further studying the three areas of constitutional conflict - ultra vires review, identity review, and fundamental rights review - to provide more nuance in the analysis of the way the Court of Justice has expanded the self-referential system of the Treaties; the different limits that constitutional adjudicators have placed on the principle of primacy as a result; and what possible solutions they envisage in the event of a constitutional conflict. All the courts under analysis have employed the vocabulary of mutual respect and self-restraint as principles guiding the resolution of constitutional conflict. Constitutional conflict is managed through incremental and permanent contestation and accommodation of their opposing claims to sovereignty (the auto-correct function of constitutional pluralism) that results in the uniform interpretation and application of Union law, but keeping in line with conferral as its defining principle. The analysis demonstrated the existence of a heterarchical constellation - the potential of all the courts involved for being ranked in a number of different ways at different times - grounded in mutual respect and self-restraint.
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Leger, Claire <1986>. "Sanctions and public enforcement of insider trading laws in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6698/1/Leger_Claire_Tesi.pdf.
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The recent financial crisis triggered an increasing demand for financial regulation to counteract the potential negative economic effects of the evermore complex operations and instruments available on financial markets. As a result, insider trading regulation counts amongst the relatively recent but particularly active regulation battles in Europe and overseas. Claims for more transparency and equitable securities markets proliferate, ranging from concerns about investor protection to global market stability. The internationalization of the world’s securities market has challenged traditional notions of regulation and enforcement.
Considering that insider trading is currently forbidden all over Europe, this study follows a law and economics approach in identifying how this prohibition should be enforced. More precisely, the study investigates first whether criminal law is necessary under all circumstances to enforce insider trading; second, if it should be introduced at EU level.
This study provides evidence of law and economics theoretical logic underlying the legal mechanisms that guide sanctioning and public enforcement of the insider trading prohibition by identifying optimal forms, natures and types of sanctions that effectively induce insider trading deterrence. The analysis further aims to reveal the economic rationality that drives the potential need for harmonization of criminal enforcement of insider trading laws within the European environment by proceeding to a comparative analysis of the current legislations of height selected Member States. This work also assesses the European Union’s most recent initiative through a critical analysis of the proposal for a Directive on criminal sanctions for Market Abuse.
Based on the conclusions drawn from its close analysis, the study takes on the challenge of analyzing whether or not the actual European public enforcement of the laws prohibiting insider trading is coherent with the theoretical law and economics recommendations, and how these enforcement practices could be improved.
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Leger, Claire <1986>. "Sanctions and public enforcement of insider trading laws in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6698/.
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The recent financial crisis triggered an increasing demand for financial regulation to counteract the potential negative economic effects of the evermore complex operations and instruments available on financial markets. As a result, insider trading regulation counts amongst the relatively recent but particularly active regulation battles in Europe and overseas. Claims for more transparency and equitable securities markets proliferate, ranging from concerns about investor protection to global market stability. The internationalization of the world’s securities market has challenged traditional notions of regulation and enforcement.
Considering that insider trading is currently forbidden all over Europe, this study follows a law and economics approach in identifying how this prohibition should be enforced. More precisely, the study investigates first whether criminal law is necessary under all circumstances to enforce insider trading; second, if it should be introduced at EU level.
This study provides evidence of law and economics theoretical logic underlying the legal mechanisms that guide sanctioning and public enforcement of the insider trading prohibition by identifying optimal forms, natures and types of sanctions that effectively induce insider trading deterrence. The analysis further aims to reveal the economic rationality that drives the potential need for harmonization of criminal enforcement of insider trading laws within the European environment by proceeding to a comparative analysis of the current legislations of height selected Member States. This work also assesses the European Union’s most recent initiative through a critical analysis of the proposal for a Directive on criminal sanctions for Market Abuse.
Based on the conclusions drawn from its close analysis, the study takes on the challenge of analyzing whether or not the actual European public enforcement of the laws prohibiting insider trading is coherent with the theoretical law and economics recommendations, and how these enforcement practices could be improved.
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ALQAWASMI, AMAL YOUSEF OMAR. "Muslim Family Law in the Legal Pluralism System in Europe, Justifications and Conflicts." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/385020.
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Nella rivoluzione silenziosa che i diritti di famiglia stanno attraversando negli ultimi decenni in Europa a seguito delle nuove tendenze socio-culturali, il diritto di famiglia musulmano è stato al centro di particolare attenzione, in quanto la comunità musulmana sta diventando una realtà visibile delle società pluralistiche europee. I dati empirici evidenziano che le disposizioni del diritto di famiglia musulmano vengono applicate in modo non ufficiale, in quanto non accolte all’interno dei sistemi legali europei. Al contempo, vi è l’esigenza di applicare queste disposizioni per la famiglia, in quanto strettamente legate al diritto religioso sia della sfera familiare che dell’identità religiosa. Questa situazione sta generando nuove sfide legali e sociali in Europa in quanto la mancanza di ufficialità ha portato a diritti di famiglia non tutelati e ad incertezze in sede legale. Inoltre, vi è una seria preoccupazione che ciò possa dare luogo all’interno delle società europee a comunità segregate che regolano le questioni riguardanti la famiglia al di fuori del controllo dello Stato. Da qui emergono notevoli responsabilità e problematiche complesse per i sistemi giuridici europei. Questa tesi si propone di discutere le ragioni fondamentali e le reali sfide del diritto di famiglia musulmano in Europa all’interno delle principali tematiche che seguono: in primis, il quadro giuridico del diritto religioso e della famiglia nell’applicazione del codice religioso di famiglia. In secondo luogo, l’applicabilità del Diritto Privato Internazionale nel riconoscimento e implementazione delle disposizioni del diritto di famiglia musulmano in Europa. In terzo luogo, il caso studio dell’applicazione non ufficiale del diritto di famiglia musulmano in Italia, comparato con i risultati di studi effettuati in altri paesi europei. Infine, le principali sfide relative alle questioni del pluralismo legale e dei diritti umani, incluso il quadro giuridico del diritto di famiglia musulmano. Ciò che è principalmente emerso è la complessità della tematica, dove è fondamentale adottare un approccio interdisciplinare a livello socio-legale, per trovare soluzioni concrete nelle società pluralistiche europee attraverso un maggiore coinvolgimento della legge di stato e una migliore comprensione delle sfide che la giurisprudenza e i musulmani affrontano.Abstract In the silent revolution that family laws in Europe have witnessed over the past decades as a result of new social and cultural tendencies, Muslim family law has been the focus of particular attention since Muslims are becoming a visible part of European pluralistic societies. Empirical data shows that Muslim family provisions are being applied unofficially since there is no official accommodation within the European legal system. At the same time there is a need for these family provisions which are strongly connected with religious rights in family life as well as religious identity. This situation is bringing new legal and social challenges in Europe since the lack of officiality has led to unprotected family rights and legal uncertainty. Moreover, there is deep concern of creating segregated communities within the European societies that regulate their family issues outside the control of the state. All this brings to the scene important responsibilities and challenging issues for the European legal system. This thesis discusses the meaningful justifications and real challenges of Muslim family law in Europe in the following main areas: First, the legal framework of religious and family rights when applying a religious family code. Second, the applicability of International Private Law when recognizing and implementing Muslim family law provisions within Europe. Third, the unofficial Muslim family law applied in Italy, as a study case, in comparison to the results of studies in other European countries. Fourth, the main challenges when addressing and dealing with legal pluralism and human rights concerns, including Muslim family law. The major finding is the complexity of this issue, where an interdisciplinary socio–legal approach is essential in order to find concrete solutions for pluralistic European societies through the greater engagement of state law and a better understanding of the challenges that face the legal system and individual Muslims.
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Draf, Oliver. "Selected issues of private international law and of contracts on the Internet." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64271.pdf.
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Ivey, Madison. "It Takes a Village: An Analysis of Multilateralism and the Legal Mechanisms Designed to Prevent Violence Against Women." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1377.
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Treaties and international organizations work together to create a global environment that protects the rights of a person and actively promotes the well-being of society. However, they do not necessarily guarantee the rights of everyone. Since women are not explicitly named in human rights documents, they are often not granted equal human rights. Therefore, it takes more than just international legal instruments to guarantee women's rights as human rights. A combination of civil society (NGOs), International organizations (IOs), and domestic government creates a perfect coalition to beat the barriers that must be overcome to fully protect women from violence.
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Coudert, Frederic René. "Marriage and divorce laws in Europe : a study in comparative legislation /." Littleton : (Colo.) : F. B. Rothman, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37441423v.
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Kupfernagel, André. "Der Renvoi im englischen Internationalen Privatrecht /." Stuttgart : Ibidem-Verl, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/509011284.pdf.
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Abdo, Mohamed. "Conflits de valeurs et conflits de lois en droit international privé comparé : le cas du divorce." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0006.
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Cette étude a pour objet l’analyse critique des règles de conflit de lois relatives au divorce en droit international privé comparé. Elle prend comme exemple le système juridique français et les systèmes des pays arabes pluri-législatifs. Les solutions adoptées dans la résolution des conflits de lois en matière de divorce sont fortement liées au problème du conflit de valeurs juridiques de chacun des systèmes comparés et, au-delà, les conflits de lois et les conflits de valeurs ne cessent d’être dissociés dans la justification des solutions apportées en la matière. Cela exprime non seulement la philosophie juridique du législateur et son affection pour ses valeurs mais aussi les tendances de la jurisprudence dans la pratique. La thèse répond donc à la question de savoir dans quelle mesure les valeurs de chaque système en comparaison influent sur la résolution des conflits de lois en matière de divorce. La réponse à cette question suit l’itinéraire de la règle de conflit. La démarche conflictuelle et fonctionnelle des règles applicables au divorce implique en effet de vérifier la forme et la densité de l’influence des valeurs. Dans ce contexte, la thèse s’articule autour de deux grandes parties. Dans la première sont examinées les spécificités des systèmes comparés en analysant les règles de rattachement. Cette partie démontre l’influence des valeurs sur le choix du rattachement. La deuxième partie vise à examiner le poids donné aux valeurs de la loi du for lors de la mise en œuvre des règles de conflits de lois. Elle démontre ainsi l’influence des valeurs des systèmes en comparaison sur les difficultés rencontrées lors de la mise en œuvre des règles de rattachementThis study aims to analyse and criticise the conflict of laws rules in matter of divorce from the viewpoint of comparative private international law. It takes the example of the French legal system and the Arab States multi-legislative legal systems. The adopted solutions in the resolution of conflicts of laws in matter of divorce are closely linked to the problem of value conflicts and even cannot be dissociated. This expresses not only the legal philosophy of the legislator and his affection by his values but also the judicial tendencies in legal practice. For that, the thesis answers the question to what extent the values of each legal system impact on the resolution of conflicts of laws in matter of divorce. To answer to this question, it needs to proceed through the pathway of the conflict rule. The conflictual and functional approach of the rules applicable to divorce suppose and imply effectively the scrutiny of the form and the intensity of the influence of values. Based on this conceptual framework, the thesis proceeds in two main parts. The first part examines the specificities of the compared legal systems while analysing the choice-of-law rules. This part demonstrates the influence of values on the choice-of-law rules. The second part assesses and examines the excessive importance attributed to the values of the forum state while applying the conflict of laws rules. Based on this assessment, this part illustrates the impact of the values of the legal systems by comparison with the challenges and the difficulties faced by judges while applying the choice-of-law rules
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Speks, Amanda. "The import(ance) of conflict minerals : An ideal type analysis of the EU’s regulation on conflict minerals." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-8355.
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The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent the European Union (EU) functions as a market power in the case of conflict mineral regulation. Previous research by Partzsch has shown that the EU response to conflict minerals only somewhat qualifies for the EU to be seen as a normative power. There appears to be a clash between the norms of sustainable development and economic development, which could explain why the EU does not fully qualify as a normative power. Another theoretical framework has thus been chosen to explain the EU’s function in the case of conflict minerals. This theoretical framework is Market Power Europe (MPE) by Damro, which does not look to the collective norms of the EU, but rather on the market-related policies that the Union uses to influence other actors. With the use of an ideal type analysis of EU policy and official documents, this study found that the case fills the criteria to function as a market power in the case of conflict minerals.
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Ringot-Namer, Constantin. "La loi applicable à la responsabilité du fait des produits." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0125.
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La détermination de la loi applicable à la responsabilité du fait des produits pose l’épineuse question du rattachement. En France, où la Convention de La Haye du 2 octobre 1973 est en vigueur depuis une quarantaine d’années, la question du rattachement approprié se repose suite à l’introduction de l’article 5 du Règlement Rome II. N’est-ce pas l’occasion de relancer le débat sur le rattachement approprié en la matière ? Ce nouveau rattachement est-il plus pertinent que celui inscrit dans la Convention ? Plus encore : l’introduction, en France, d’une nouvelle règle de conflit de lois relative à la responsabilité du fait des produits n’invite-t-elle pas à s’interroger sur la nécessité d’une spécialisation du rattachement en la matière ? La lex loci delicti n’est-elle pas déjà suffisante en ce domaine ? Et même : ne faudrait-il pas, de manière subversive, s’inspirer du modèle des États-Unis et laisser le soin au juge, guidé par des directives générales, de désigner au cas par cas la loi applicable ? Assurément, l’introduction de l’article 5 du Règlement Rome II dans le paysage juridique français nous impose de remettre sur le métier la recherche du rattachement approprié. Mais l’identification du rattachement approprié n’épuise pas la question de la détermination de la loi applicable à la responsabilité du fait des produits. À supposer un tel rattachement identifié, peut-il être mis en œuvre sans perturbation devant le juge français ? Ne souffre-t-il pas de la concurrence des dispositions de transposition de la Directive de 1985 qualifiées de lois de police ? Son application ne porte-t-elle pas atteinte à la libre circulation des marchandises dans l’Union européenne ? Comment pourrait-il s’inscrire dans le conflit de normes entre la Convention de La Haye du 2 octobre 1973 et l’article 5 du Règlement Rome II, existant devant le juge français ? Un tel rattachement serait-t-il compatible avec le caractère collectif de l’action de groupe, introduite récemment en France ? On le voit, la détermination de manière appropriée de la loi applicable à la responsabilité du fait des produits devant le juge français suppose de trancher le débat renouvelé du rattachement approprié, mais aussi de relever de nouveaux défis liés à la possibilité de mise en œuvre du rattachementDetermining the applicable law to products liability requires to resolve the complex issue of the appropriate connection. In France, where The Hague Convention of 2 October 1973 has been into force for forty years, the question of the appropriate bilateral connection is more acute with the introduction of the article 5 of the Rome II Regulation. Would this not be a good opportunity to further the debate about the appropriate connection for products liability? Is this new connection more relevant than the Convention’s one? Is the introduction in the French legal landscape of a new bilateral choice-of-law rule for products liability not an invitation to ask whether a specific connection for products liability is needed? Is the lex loci delicti rule not enough when it comes to a damage caused by a product? Besides, when compared with the United States model, one could even subversively argue whether to set general choice-of-law principles so to let the juge resolving the conflict of laws issue on a case-by-case basis. Undoubtedly, since the introduction of the article 5 of the Rome II Regulation within the French legal landscape the research of the appropriate connection is to be led again. But identifying the appropriate connection is not enough to determine the law to products liability. Assuming that such a connection is identified, could it be easily applied before a French judge? Would it not be in competition with the transposing acts of the 1985 Directive as overriding mandatory provisions? Would its application not interfere with the free movement of goods within the European Union? How could it be applied in the context of an existing conflict before the French judge between the Hague Convention of 2 October 1973 and the article 5 of the Rome II Regulation? Would this connection be compatible with the collective nature of the French class action? As we can see, determining in an appropriate manner the applicable law to products liability before the French judge requires not only to settle the renewed debate of the appropriate connection but also to face new challenges concerning the application of the connection
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Ruiz-Roque, Orlando. "The laws of armed conflict and environmental protection: striking a balance." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26038.
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In this paper we shall consider the existing normative framework of the law of armed conflict, the jus in bello, as it relates to protection of the environment. We will review customary law of aimed conflict and highlight major conventional developments to assess the necessity and feasibility for reform in light of the trend in international environmental law to impose explicit environmental protection obligations on states. The Persian Gulf War of 1991, illustrates the issues presented and the conflicting values inherent in these two branches of international law. The post-war debate raised the questions whether the environment" is adequately protected by existing law from the environmentally destructive potential of modern warfare, or is new conventional law on wartime environmental protection needed.12 Serious consideration of these questions brings the international law-making process to a crossroads as it attempts to accommodate evolving environmental law norms, such as a yet to be defined "right of the environment", with countervailing values encompassed in the laws of armed conflict, which emphasize military necessity despite detriment to the environment
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Szablewska, Natalia M. "The politics of international law : implications for the Chechen conflict." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537480.
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This thesis is a socio-legal study of the politics of international law (i.e. the relationship between international law and international politics). There is not necessarily an accepted scope, or even direction, of this relationship but it is widely perceived to be important in international, as well as national, affairs. Still, this relationship needs to be better understood and articulated. This thesis offers a theoretical and empirical account of the phenomenon of the politics of international law, and its implications for the Chechen conflict by exploring how and to what extent one's understanding of the phenomenon is determined by culture, history, political and social context. Part One is an overview of the literature and theoretical approaches to studying the relationship between (international) law and (international) politics, as well as an analysis of sixteen face-to-face semi-structured interviews with practitioners of international law and international politics from different backgrounds and cultures. That leads to a theoretical model which is applied and verified in Part Two, a case study of the Chechen conflict. This focuses specifically on a socio-historical understanding of international law, the humanitarian and human rights movement in Russia, and the relationship between human rights law and international humanitarian law in the judgements of the European Court of Human Rights in the so-called Chechen cases. The findings of this study indicate that international politics is highly influenced by international law just as international law is affected by international politics. They both are integral parts of the international system, nevertheless, remain distinct from each other. It is therefore the politics of international law that allows international relations to take place, where politics provides the means by which the negotiations can take place and law creates specific language and provides a framework within which the debates can take place. It demonstrates that the challenges of modern times make that the two become increasingly influential on one another.
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Lurker, Renee Searing Donald. "Identity and conflict the Roma in Central and Eastern Europe /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2821.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 10, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, Concentration TransAtlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Höra, Niels. "Haftung für fehlerhafte Informationen gegenüber Nichtvertragspartnern /." Frankfurt, M. ; New York, NY : Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989362191/04.
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Zernikow, Marcel. "Les règles de conflit de lois confrontées au marché intérieur : étude en droit international privé européen du travail." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D045.
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Au sein du marché intérieur, nous assistons à une mobilité croissante des travailleurs, alors que la compétence harmonisatrice de l’Union européenne est de nature minimale et que l’intégration européenne en droit du travail reste encore inachevée. Dans un contexte de diversité des réglementations du travail au sein de cet espace, il revient un rôle important aux règles de conflit de lois pour assurer que les personnes bénéficiaires des libertés de circulation ne voient pas leur mobilité affectée. Plus précisément, le droit international privé a pour fonction de garantir le principe de protection du travailleur inscrit dans les libertés de circulation. Pour parvenir à ce constat, il s’agit de s’interroger sur les influences possibles du droit du marché intérieur sur les règles de conflit de lois. L’évolution décrite est celle du droit international privé européen. Héritées des systèmes de droit international privé des Etats membres, les règles de conflit de lois européennes doivent désormais s’inscrire dans le contexte juridique de l’Union européenne dont elles empruntent les principes. Nous nous concentrons essentiellement sur le principe de protection du travailleur lequel est ancré dans le concept du marché intérieur. En dessinant ses contours, nous nous interrogeons sur les manières dont ce principe peut influencer les règles de conflit de lois. Le point de départ consiste en l’affirmation d’une compétence de l’Union européenne pour adopter des règles de droit international privé. Partant de l’analyse des difficultés d’adaptation des règles de conflit de lois au contexte européen, notre démarche vise à démontrer les faiblesses des règles de conflit de lois dans un contexte de diversité des réglementations des Etats membres en droit du travail. Face aux insuffisances des règles de conflit de lois classiques, des mécanismes unilatéraux du conflit de lois se développent. Sous la forme des lois de police, ces derniers permettent aux Etats membres de véhiculer des impérativités qui expriment une solution territorialiste du conflit de lois. Ils se caractérisent ainsi par la faveur qu'ils accordent à l’application de la loi du for. Dans ce contexte, le traitement conflictuel du détachement des travailleurs sert d’illustration.En accentuant sur la libre circulation des travailleurs, il convient de confronter les solutions du conflit de lois à la mise en place progressive d’un marché européen de l’emploi. Une règle de conflit de lois qui tiendrait compte des intérêts de l’intégration européenne ne livrerait-elle la solution la plus adéquate du conflit de lois ? Nous nous inspirons des références à la protection du travailleur dans le concept du marché intérieur pour en tirer des leçons pour une règle de conflit de lois régulatrice et protectrice dans un contexte d’européanisationMobility of workers within the internal market of the European Union is growing constantly, whereas European integration in social matters remains incomplete. The absence of an exhaustively harmonised European Social Law is not only related to the minimum character of harmonisation but also to the lack of an overall competence in social matters. Due to diversity between labour legislations of the Member States, conflict of laws needs to be mobilized in order to guarantee effective freedom of movement. More precisely, Private International Law has the function of promoting the worker protection principle enshrined in free movement law. Our purpose is to analyse possible impacts of the law of the internal market on Conflict of Laws. The subject of the present study is on European Conflict of Laws. Inspired by national conflict of law mechanisms, European conflict of law rules should nowadays fit into the context of European Union Law and therefore adopt its principles. Among those, the worker protection principle – as part of the concept of the internal market – is of high interest. While discovering the content of this principle, we underline different manners in which it can influence conflict of law rules. Our starting point consists in admitting the competence of the European Union for Private International Law matters. While demonstrating failures of the actual European conflict of law rules regarding their adaptability to legislative diversity, we discover that Member States tend to make increasingly use of unilateral mechanisms: Imperativeness is intended to assure Member States’ regulatory interests by designating the law of the forum state. For the purpose of this demonstration, we suggest to analyse the example of posted workers, among others. Territoriality has been observed in Conflict of Laws. This is problematic from the perspective of integration of the internal market, i.e. in our context, the European labour market. Therefore, we suggest that conflict of law rules should be adapted to the requirements of European regulatory interests. Lessons can be drawn from the concept of the internal market which leads us to examine a protective conflict of law rule aiming at integrating the worker into the labour market
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Sathanapally, Aruna. "The potential and practice of weak remedies in human rights adjudication : a study of declarations of incompatibility in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547802.
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Moubachir, Yasmina. "Impositions et régime fiscal : vers de nouvelles catégories d'impositions /." Paris : LGDJ, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/526770384.pdf.
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Toner, Helen. "Modernising partnership rights in EC family reunification law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273444.
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Geroldinger, Andreas. "Verfahrenskoordination im Europäischen Insolvenzrecht : die Abstimmung von Haupt- und Sekundärinsolvenzverfahren nach der EuInsVO /." Wien : Manzsche Verlags- und Universitätsbuchhandlung, 2010. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018948405&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Conway, Gerard Martin. "Conflict of norms in European Union law and the legal reasoning of the European Court of Justice." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5235.
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This thesis examines the topic of conflict of norms in European Union (EU) law and the legal reasoning of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), arguing that the framework of conflict of norms provides conceptual insight into justification and the role of value choices in legal reasoning. After examining the theory of conflict of norms, which seems to have been relatively under-studied generally and especially in EU law, it examines three particular aspects of norm conflict resolution in the legal reasoning of the ECJ and EU law: conflict of interpretative norms, especially the opposition between conserving and innovative interpretation; conflicts of human rights norms, looking in particular at the idea of a hierarchy of rights and of specificationism in the articulation of rights; and conflicts of competence norms. It concludes that the scope exists for a fuller justification of the choice of norms in the legal reasoning of the ECJ and generally in EU law and offers a perspective on how the values articulated by the EU suggest particular approaches to norm conflict resolution by the ECJ in its decision-making in these fields, in particular, a greater resort to lex specialis and originalist or historical interpretation, in contrast to its current method.
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Le, Péru Alexandre. "Branding and territories : the conflict of applying domestic laws to universal trademarks." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82663.
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The thesis focuses on the branding phenomenon in its relationship with territory. Owners of global brands seek to defend a set of positive associations that goes beyond the concept of trademark per se. In that undertaking, the territorial limitation of trademark rights is perceived as an impediment to a worldwide protection of the branded myth.The thesis analyses the branding phenomenon and the territoriality principle of trademark law. It also depicts the methods currently employed by trademark owners to circumvent national legislations. The thesis supports alternative approaches, which successfully combine branding and territorial values.
Eventually, the conflict of applying domestic law to "universal" trademarks can be solved by an adequate use of the global branding notion and through the establishment or strengthening of relevant regional blocks.
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Lukito, Ratno 1968. "Sacred and secular laws : a study of conflict and resolution in Indonesia." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102778.
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This thesis investigates the history and phenomenon of legal pluralism in Indonesia. The need to explore this topic has been urged by the revival there of Islamic law and adat law, the two greatest non-state normative orderings, in the last two decades. At the same time the ideal of modernity in Indonesia has been characterized by a state-driven effort in the post-colonial era to make the institution of law an inseparable part of national development. The result has been a conception of law as a homogenous system in which the ideology of legal positivism represents the basic tool for lawmaking. This, however, has led to an impasse, seeing that pluralism and multiculturalism are in fact self-evident phenomena in the society. The state has been obliged, therefore, to accommodate these non-state normative orderings.The discussion of Indonesian legal pluralism in this thesis focuses on understanding the state's attitude and behavior towards the three largest legal traditions currently operative in the society, i.e., adat law, Islamic law and civil law. Socio-political factors are shown to have much influenced the relations between state and non-state laws. The state's strategy of accommodation of legal pluralism has in fact largely depended on the extent to which those legal traditions have been able to conform to national ideology. Certain "national legal postulates" have functioned as a yardstick by which the country's legislative and judicial institutions have measured the extent of their accommodation of legal pluralism, although they have had little choice but to do so.
Influenced by Masaji Chiba's theory of "three levels of law" (i.e., official law, unofficial law and legal postulates), this thesis analyzes two aspects of legal pluralism in Indonesia: the political and "conflictual" domains of legal pluralism. The analysis is thus generally based on the state policy of legal pluralism reflected in the legal and political strategies confronting the issue of unofficial laws as well as the conflicts arising from such situations. The first aspect is addressed by looking at a number of statutes and regulations promulgated specifically to deal with Islamic law and adat law, while the second is analyzed in terms of actual cases of private interpersonal law arising from conflict between state and non-state legal traditions, as reflected in legislation and court decisions. From a discussion of these two aspects, the thesis concludes that, although the form of the relations between official and unofficial laws may have changed in conjunction with the socio-political situation of the country, the logic behind legal pluralism has in fact never altered, i.e., to use law as a tool of state modernism. Thus conflicts arising from the encounter between different legal traditions will usually be resolved by means of "national legal postulates," making the unofficial laws more susceptible to the state's domination of legal interpretation and resolution.
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Almawla, Hanan Mohamed. "Moral rights in the conflict-of-laws : alternatives to the copyright qualifications." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8730.
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This thesis examines the intersection between authors' moral rights and conflict-of-laws. The research question has been triggered by two important, interlinked factors. The first is that the currently applicable choice-of-law rules to moral rights are the same as those applicable to copyright. The second concerns the fact that moral rights are different from copyright - both in their nature and in the interest they aim to protect. Since these two factors coincide, it is questionable whether it ought to be the case that moral rights are subjected to the same choice-of-law rules as are applicable to copyright. The thesis therefore aims to discover whether the currently applicable choice-oflaw rules available in the context of moral rights are suitable for achieving the goals and objectives of conflict-of-laws. In the course of this thesis, I evaluate the potential validity of detaching moral rights from copyright in conflict-oflaws and instead attaching it to the characterization model of general personality rights. The research question is mainly addressed from the perspective of Rome I and Rome II Regulations. However, as there is no EU harmonization concerning general personality rights in conflict-of-laws, the examination will be directed towards France and England as examples of civil and common law traditions. Moreover, reference will also be made to CLIP and ALI principles by reason of comparison.
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Steible, Bettina. "The participation of the EU and its member states in the development of the law of non-international armed conflicts-the French and Spanish cases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457737.
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Según los términos del Artículo 1 Común a los cuatro Convenios de Ginebra de 1949, los Estados partes quedan sujetos a una obligación de respetar y de hacer respetar el Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH). En este contexto, el objetivo de esta tesis es el de analizar si la Unión Europea (UE) y dos de sus Estados Miembros – Francia y España – ejecutan su obligación de hacer respetar el DIH. Concretamente, se trata de analizar cómo dos corpuses jurídicos originalmente indiferentes el uno al otro, el DIH y el Derecho de la Unión, llegaron a converger y entrelazarse. Se sostiene que la aplicación del DIH ha de ser analizada desde una perspectiva multinivel. Mientras el DIH depende de los Estados para asegurar su efectividad, el proceso de integración europea obliga a añadir el nivel supranacional: la UE. Esta configuración genera un círculo virtuoso de cumplimiento del DIH según el cual la autoridad jurídica del Artículo 1 Común queda reforzada, lo cual conlleva una mejor implementación del DIH. Asimismo, la UE proyecta sus valores en la escena internacional y se ve reforzada en su calidad de líder en materia de derechos humanos. Además, la UE constituye un nivel adicional tanto de garantía como de actuación para sus Estados Miembros, que la usan para dar efecto a sus obligaciones derivadas del DIH. Se sostiene pues, que la UE se ha establecido como un actor esencial del DIH en la escena internacional. La UE – un autoproclamado líder en materia de derechos humanos – y sus Estados Miembros no solamente quedan vinculados por el Artículo 1 Común, sino que han aceptado de ejecutar su mandato de manera efectiva en la escena internacional.Pursuant to Common Article 1 to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, the State parties have the obligation to respect and to ensure respect for International Humanitarian Law (IHL). In this context, the objective of this thesis is to analyze whether the European Union (EU) and two of its Member States – France and Spain – have enforced their obligation to ensure respect for IHL. It seeks to scrutinize how two juris corpuses, namely IHL and EU law, which used to follow separate paths, appeared to converge and be interlinked. This thesis takes the view that the enforcement of IHL must must be analyzed from a multilevel perspective. While IHL rely on national law to be truly effective, the process of European integration makes it imperative to add the supranational level: the EU. This configuration generates a virtuous circle of compliance whereby the legal authority of Common Article 1 is reinforced, thus leading to the improved enforcement of IHL. In turn, the EU projects its values on the international scene and is ‘confortée’ as a leader in human rights. Likewise, the EU constitutes an additional level of guarantee and action for its Member States in the enforcement of their obligation arising under IHL. It is argued that the EU has established itself as an essential actor of IHL on the international scene. The EU – a self-proclaimed leader in human rights matters – and its Member States are not only bound by Common Article 1, but they also have accepted their mandate to effectively enforce it on the international scene.
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Demoures, Gaël. "Etude critique et théorique de l'application des mécanismes du droit de la concurrence du Canada et de l'Union européenne aux brevets technologiques : théorie des organisations." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80915.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between patent and competition is rather complex. Whereas both sets of rules contribute to the same objective, i.e. consumer welfare and economic growth, their means collide. Patent laws create and protect monopolies while competition laws seek to limit their influence or even oppose their occurrence. However, since technological development is a financially risky process, it needs to be secured through a strong rewarding monopoly. Neo-classical theory has been so far the cornerstone of competition law. It is driven by a view of the market where price equilibrium and market atomicity constitute the main elements of allocative efficiency. But it promotes a rather static view of the market which neglects the fundamental aspects of technology-driven markets in the modern economy. Therefore we need to curb the role of the mainstream economic postulates by taking into account adequate theories in order to reflect modern innovation and technological diffusion onto the markets.