Academic literature on the topic 'Conflict of laws – Bankruptcy – European Union countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Conflict of laws – Bankruptcy – European Union countries"
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Monedero, Pablo José Abascal. "Family Laws in the European Union." Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 19 (September 16, 2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2019.13.
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EU social policies should be complemented by contributing to a harmonious development of society, by reducing structural and regional imbalances, developing a balance between the a localized community and the national society, and improving the living standards of citizens and families of member states (Garrido 2002). Such important social policy principles as freedom and justice are addressed and represented in family laws in the EU regulations introduced during the period of 2000–2016. In this article, we studied the EU’s legal solutions in reference to national (Spain) laws on these matters: children and parental responsibility (adoption, child abduction, family benefits) and couples (matrimonial, regimes, prenuptial agreements, provisional measures). This legislation is necessary in the face of the proliferation of families whose members have different nationalities, and even in the mobilization of residences. Cooperation has intensified between national judicial authorities to ensure that legal decisions taken in one EU country are recognized and implemented in any other. This is highly important in civil cases, such as divorce, child custody, maintenance claims, or even bankruptcy and unpaid bills, when the individuals involved live in different countries. The development of family laws is one of the most important factors of family welfare in European countries.
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Hartley, Trevor C. "The European Union and the Systematic Dismantling of the Common Law of Conflict of Laws." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 54, no. 4 (October 2005): 813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei038.
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English conflict of laws is the creation of the common law. Prior to Britain's entry into the European Union, legislation played only a limited role. The few legislative measures concerning choice of law were narrowly targeted to remedy specific problems—for example the formal validity of wills, or torts. The rules for service outside the jurisdiction were a more important exception, but their practical operation largely depended on judge-made concepts and remedies, such as forum non conveniens and antisuit injunctions. The common law also provided a complete system for the recognition of foreign judgments that operated untrammelled with regard to judgments from many countries, including some of the most important, while the relevant legislation, where applicable, did little more than provide a simpler procedure.
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Löhnig, Martin. "Unification of law in the field of family law – roads and dead-end-roads." International and Comparative Law Review 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0089.
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Abstract Article deals with the problem of the harmonisation and unification of the family law in the European Union as the consequence of the building the single European Space. Th e main claim of the author is that a speedy unification of substantive family law, particularly one that is decreed by European institutions, would lead to loss on national and regional legal culture, what accorfing the author can’t be justified. Th e alternative is a close cooperation of individual European cultural groups or neighboring countries and the unification of the conflict of laws provisions and of the law of jurisdiction of the courts as well as by enacting regulations on (mutual) recognition and enforcement of court decision.
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Lubis, Syaravina. "Transformation Of The EU Law Related To The Etabilishment Of National Law In The England In The Law Perspective Of International Organizations." Journal of Law Science 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 46–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/jls.v4i1.1699.
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The economic upheaval of a country is one of the reasons for the formation of an international organization, namely the European Union. The goal of the European Union itself is to promote through the community the harmonious, sustainable development of economic activity, steady improvement, rapid improvement of living standards, quality of life and closer relations between member states. This research has a problem formulation consisting of the transformation of EU law into law in the member states of the European Union, the transformation of EU law in the UK, and a challenge as a legal effort related to the transformation of EU law in the UK according to International Organization Law. This study uses a normative juridical research method. The results of the research on the transformation of European Union Law into National Law of member countries, namely by establishing Regulations, Directives, Decisions that must be applied in member countries. EU law has the supremacy of overriding the National Laws of member states. The transformation of European Union Law in the UK began with the agreement of the European Communities Act 1972 which was the UK's ratification of EU Law. Challenge as a legal remedy related to the transformation of European Union Law in the UK is permitted under Articles 230 and 232 of the European Union Agreement, namely by submitting a complaint to the national court in accordance with the time specified to carry out the challenge, this challenge action can end with an amendment. The conclusion of the research is the transformation of European Union Law in member countries in the form of Regulations, Directives, and Decisions. The European Union Law Transformation in the UK is regulated through the European Communities Act 1972. Challenge as a legal remedy related to the transformation of EU Law in the UK is allowed in order to create a good implementation. Suggestions related to research is that it is better to ensure that the transformation of European Union Law has been implemented as intended. The transformation of EU Law in the UK should ensure that UK National Law can be waived in the event of a conflict with EU Law which is immediately effective. Conduct in-depth negotiations, ask for opinions from representatives of each member country so that unity is achieved to facilitate the implementation of European Union Law in member countries and minimize challenges to European Union Law.
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Κοζαμάνη (Alexandra Kozamani), Αλεξάνδρα. "Ευθανασία: Πρακτικές που εφαρμόζουν οι χώρες της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης." Bioethica 5, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bioeth.20837.
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Euthanasia is one of the issues that bioethics deals with, which is one of the outmost importance. Furthermore it is very up-to-date. In Greece and in most countries of the European Union euthanasia has not been subject to specialized legislation. It is only occasionally debated, resulting in tension and conflict. On one hand, people have the right to self determination, so the end of life should be among them. On the other hand, life is considered to be of the highest value and it is the duty of healthcare personnel to guard and preserve it by any means, using their expertise and knowledge.In this paper, a brief report is made to the practices used across countries in the European Union regarding the end of life. Most countries are opposed to euthanasia while acknowledging the right of a patient to refuse or receive treatment. Only three countries have passed bills that legalize euthanasia under strict conditions. The rest, due to sensitivity in this matter, have not yet proceeded in reforming their laws accordingly. It seems that society does not have the necessary reassurances so that they can engulf that issue guarding the true will of a person.
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Andriyanov, D. V. "Application of Smart Contracts and Blockchain Platforms in Cross-Border Oil and Gas Transactions: Aggravation of Conflict-of-Laws Problem." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 6 (July 11, 2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.115.6.084-094.
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Modern international hydrocarbons turnover is becoming more autonomous and decentralized. This process is facilitated not only by the introduction into contractual practice of such network technologies as smart contracts and blockchain platforms, but also by the wide dissemination of sources of non-governmental regulation (lex petrolea). In the context of the network paradigm of private international law, the classic problem of conflict of laws is exacerbated. The author considers the conflict-of-laws aspects of the use of smart contracts based on blockchain technology in cross-border oil and gas transactions, taking into account the fact that the use of computer algorithms does not create a new contract, but is only a special form of transaction. Such “automated” transactions in the oil and gas sector involving multiple jurisdictions create uncertainty in their legal regime. In the absence of a comprehensive substantive legal regulation, and in connection with the phenomenon of lex petrolea, the conflict-of-laws method of regulation predominates. The author shares his reasoning concerning the possibility of extending the application of Regulation No. 593/2008 of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union “On the Law to be Applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I)” to smart contracts. The author concludes that existing regulation is quite applicable to smart contracts in cross-border oil and gas transactions. Another question is whether the law, which is applicable by virtue of a conflict-of-laws rule, provides for an appropriate substantive basis. To date, special legislation on smart contracts has been passed in only several American states. It is predicted that in the future, private international law will not only determine the law applicable to smart contracts, but will also be a guide to disseminating the positive experience of legal regulation of smart contracts in different countries.
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Alpa, Guido. "European Community Resolutions and the Codification of ‘Private Law’." European Review of Private Law 8, Issue 2 (June 1, 2000): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/268927.
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Alpa provides an examination of the problems and prospects for the development of a European private law. As a protagonist of the harmonisation of private law through codification, he first identifies the work in progress and some of the broad issues that have had to be addressed (such as the need to develop rules that transcend national characterisations of sphere of private law and the distinction between civil and commercial laws). He then sets out the advantages of a unified private law: rules in conflict between themselves in the various countries of the European Union can develop as a real market hindrance, while uniform private law rules emerge as conditions precedent for the implementation of the single market. Projects directed towards the harmonisation of private law through codification have faced various criticisms. Alpa tries to address these. He notes first the trend towards convergence of (some aspects of) national laws that has been observed by comparative lawyers and the existence of unifying frameworks such as the constitutional law of the EU and the European Convention on Human Rights. He then briefly addresses three particular issues: (i) the problems allegedly created by the difference between common law and civil law structures, (ii) claims concerning value of legal pluralism and the undesirability of eliminating national cultural characteristics, and (iii) the argument that techniques of harmonisation other than the drafting of a Civil Code are more appropriate. The paper concludes with a note on issues of the drafting and structure of a possible future Code.
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Mazur, Viktoria, and Archil Chochia. "Definition and Regulation as an Effective Measure to Fight Fake News in the European Union." European Studies 9, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eustu-2022-0001.
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Summary Fake news is relevant in most countries of the world; nowadays the disinformation and fake news are of great importance as they greatly affect different political and social aspects of public life including healthcare, elections, migration, economy, etc. People are free to express themselves in different forms on the Internet, including publishing any content due to the freedom of expression. In order to understand how to legally frame fake news, it should first be clearly defined. The problem of disinformation and fake news is closely connected to the fact that providing a new law on fake news is likely to not just overlap but even often to conflict with the legislations that guarantee freedom of expression as fundamental freedom in the European Union. After considering existing laws, comparing, and analyzing measures taken to combat fake news, it appears that legislation may lead to over-censoring, violating freedom of expression. For effective fighting with fake news and its negative impact on the EU public, regulation on fake news is not necessary, it brings more legal issues than benefits to combating the dissemination of disinformation. Clearly defining the borderline between fake news and lies in the context of freedom of expression can therefore be more useful, taking a balancing approach. The general public is in many cases lacking media literacy and it can be improved by strengthening the role of media, which should be more consistent and be aimed at educating modern society.
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Dean, Janice. "Ideal Type Organisations and Company Law in Europe." European Business Law Review 23, Issue 4 (July 1, 2012): 461–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2012026.
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Different national cultures within Western Europe have very different models of what constitutes a 'well-functioning organisation'. Looking at the nations with the largest economies in the European Union (the French, Germans, Italians and British), the author considers how some of these different models (the 'pyramid', the 'machine', the 'family' and the 'market') have influenced the company laws of the countries in which they are prevalent. The piece then considers the implications for European Union company law of the variations between the predominant national models. Strengths and weaknesses of the various ideal types of organization and other possible models are considered. This article will examine companies in the quartet of European Union countries which have an annual GDP exceeding 1.5 trillion euros: Germany, France, the UK and Italy. Very broadly, two of them, France and Italy are Southern European (traditionally mainly Catholic) in culture as well as geographically, the other two are Northern European (historically mainly Protestant). The four nations remain diverse in economic structure, and particularly in average company size and the use of capital markets, although (with Germany being much the largest) the scale of the economies is similar. These major European Union countries also have different pre dominant models of effective corporate organisation, regulation and management. The discussion will contend that the diverse sets of regulations in part stem from, and are connected to, varied models of what constitutes a 'well-functioning organisation' in the four nations. These pervasive 'ideal types' of the effective organisation might be expected to influence what governments, shareholders and other stakeholders expect of the major companies and how corporate leaders behave. In the European Union, it is argued that national cultures, including views of what constitutes a well-functioning organisation, still provide the basis for social interaction including business activity. Some implications of these underlying differences of perspective for greater co-ordination of company law at European Union level will also be addressed. The strengths and weaknesses of the various 'ideal types' of organisation will be considered. Finally, some possible alternative conceptions of the 'well-organised' company in the 21st Century will be discussed. The continuing diversity of national cultures between Germany, France, the UK and Italy is reflected in their nationals' preferred ways of conceptualising organisations, including major business organisations. Hofstede quotes Owen J Stevens' study at INSEAD Business School - "The majority of the French tended to resolve [a conflict] by referring to the hierarchy; the British, through horizontal negotiation; and the Germans, through the establishment of procedures. Stevens identified the implicit model of a well-functioning organization for the French as a pyramid, that for the British as a (village) market, and that for the Germans are a well-oiled machine." As far as Italy is concerned, the 'family' model remains most salient. These observations led the current author to further examination of those models in the national contexts as they connected to company law. Questions of the adequacy or otherwise of those mental pictures also arose.
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Aldag, Ole. "Due Diligence and Environmental Damages Under Rome II." European Review of Private Law 28, Issue 6 (December 1, 2020): 1231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2020074.
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Within the European Union, the Rome II Regulation determines the applicable law on cross-border matters of non-contractual nature. The paper examines the applicable law on environmental-related tort claims against European multi-national companies utilizing production facilities in third countries, either based on active misconduct or on alleged omission of environment-related due diligence. As these types of claims are an expression of misconduct by multinational corporations conducting business abroad, particular notice will be given to the applicable law on compensation claims for environmental damages allegedly caused by negligent compliance for environmental standards of either independent or subsidiary production facilities. While doing so, its main point of interest will be whether claims against European-based companies may be governed by the law of the effective seat of the latter. Considering that Article 7 Rome II provides for a special connecting factor regarding environmental damages, the paper examines whether Rome II does justice for due diligence-related cases on the conflict of laws level and argues for a nuanced approach to localize the place of the event giving rise to such damages. Private International Law, Environmental Damages, Civil Compensation, Torts, Corporate Social Responsibility, Rome II, Mandatory Rules, Public policy
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conflict of laws – Bankruptcy – European Union countries"
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Fee, Emma. "'A Europe without dividing lines': the normative framework of the European neighbourhood policy - emergent jus gentium or consolidation of jus civile?" Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83952.
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The primary focus of this work is Article 57 of the Draft European Constitution, concerning the constitutionalisation of a new aspect in EU external relations law, 'the European Neighbourhood Policy'. No comprehensive study of this constitutional article has yet been undertaken in EU legal research. Through the medium of the title of my thesis I wish to examine whether it amounts to an emergent jus gentium for the EU or its antithesis, the consolidation of jus civile. In parallel with the nature of the subject, this study is necessarily a legal-political one. Key points identified are the strategic use of human rights, extraterritoriality of law, foreign direct investment and legal imperialism. A number of recent developments, both judicial and legislative, have provoked this study.
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Xu, Mu Chi. "Flexibility versus certainty : a comparative study of choice of law rules regarding contractual liabilities in the European Union and Mainland China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2112293.
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Bonova, Lucia. "The international merger control regime : building cooperation without harmonization." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98603.
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Globalization has had two major implications for national merger control regimes: national competition authorities are called more and more to examine transactions with cross-border dimensions and secondly, domestic business practices may be scrutinized by foreign nations. In light of this, divergent substantive standards have become a source of international friction, notably between the two most mature merger control regimes, the European Union and the United States.Facing this new reality, it has become clear that some sort of international arrangement will be needed in order to reduce the inefficiencies created by multijurisdictional review. Various proposals have been made, ranging from ambitious ones that would include the creation of an international competition code and enforcement agency, to more realistic proposals of achieving international coordination of merger control regimes through bilateral and multilateral cooperation amongst antitrust agencies.
This thesis argues that the path of large-scale cooperation is the most appropriate way to cope with the problems raised by globalization. As such, cooperation does not imply the harmonization of merger control regimes. The future lies in the hands of the International Competition Network which, despite considerable achievements, must evolve in the near future.
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Van, den Haute Erik. "Harmonisation européenne du crédit hypothécaire: perspectives de droit comparé, de droit international privé et de droit européen." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210458.
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La réalisation du marché intérieur européen par une meilleure intégration des marchés financiers est aujourd’hui devenue une réalité. L'objectif est toutefois loin d'être atteint en matière de crédit hypothécaire, nonobstant de nombreuses initiatives européennes. Compte tenu de ces difficultés et du postulat selon lequel il serait impossible d'harmoniser le droit des suretés immobilières en raison de leur ancrage culturel et national, une proposition alternative consistant dans la création d'une sûreté immobilière commune (euro-hypothèque), venant se superposer aux systèmes nationaux, a été formulée depuis un certain nombre d'années. La recherche analyse dans un premier temps la réalité du postulat précité à la lumière du droit comparé et conclut qu'en réalité, les différents systèmes trouvent non seulement leur origine dans un modèle identique, fondé sur le caractère accessoire de la sûreté, mais ont en outre connu une évolution similaire au cours de ces dernières années. Il apparaît que ce modèle constitue la meilleure base pour toute harmonisation européenne. Après avoir examiné l'interaction avec le droit international privé, sous l'angle de la protection du consommateur, et le droit européen, sous l'angle de la question de la compétence communautaire et du principe de subsidiarité, des pistes sont proposés pour opérer un rapprochement des législations nationales relatives au crédit hypothécaire. La proposition consiste à intégrer dans un seul instrument juridique contraignant (une directive européenne) les différentes propositions permettant d'opérer un rapprochement des législations nationales à trois niveaux :celui de la sûreté immobilière et de la publicité foncier, celui du contrat de prêt et enfin, celui relatif à la procédure de réalisation de l'immeuble.Doctorat en droit
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ISRAEL, Jona. "European cross-border insolvency regulation : a critical appraisal of Council Regulation 1346 2000 on insolvency proceedings in the light of a paradigm of cooperation and a Comitas Europaea." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4661.
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Defence date: 30 August 2004Examining board: Prof. Christian Joerges (supervisor), European University Institute ; Prof. Ian F. Fletcher, University College London ; Prof. Marie-Ange Moreau, European University Institute ; Prof. Peter von Wilmowsky, University of Erfurt
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This dissertation presents a comprehensive analysis of the regulation of cross-border insolvencies in Europe. Council Regulation 1346/2000 on Insolvency Proceedings forms the natural focal point of such a study. However, while this book explores in detail the background, legal basis as well as the substance of the Regulation, it also contains an examination of the Regulation from two wider perspectives: that of international cross-border insolvency regulation and Community law. The approach adopted by the Regulation to the problems raised by cross-border insolvency forms part of a paradigmatic shift at the global level. The ‘struggle over jurisdiction’ - the natural state of affairs under the old principles of ‘universality & territoriality’ – is increasingly being replaced by co-operation between the jurisdictions involved. The Regulation must be understood against the backdrop of these new cooperative approaches, including the UNCITRAL Model Law and ancillary proceedings. Doing so, this dissertation argues that the co-operative framework of the Regulation is limited and may ultimately not suffice to realise the efficient and effective cross-border proceedings it is aiming for. Although the Regulation is an exponent of this global shift towards cooperation, the legal context in which it operates is nevertheless very different. Community law, as an autonomous legal order, has limited the private international law autonomy of Member States and generated a comitas Europaea. This dissertation argues that Community law and its comitas must be taken seriously. They are an important source of principles to guide courts in the interpretation and application of the Regulation and may reinforce and expand the co-operative mechanisms of the Regulation.
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EVERSON, Michelle. "Laws in conflict : a rationally integrated European insurance market?" Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4618.
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ROEDL, Florian. "Weltbürliches Kollisionsrecht : über die Form des Kollisionsrechts und seine Gestalt im recht der Europäischen Union." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13167.
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Defence date: 16 June 2008Examining Board: Prof. Dr. Christian Joerges, (Europäisches Hochschulinstitut, Supervisor) ; Prof. Dr. Pierre-Marie Dupuy, (Europäisches Hochschulinstitut) ; Prof. Dr. Klaus Günther, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe (Universität Frankfurt a.M.) ; Prof. Dr. Christoph Schmid, (Universität Bremen)
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Lotter, Gina. "Cross-border insolvency : a comparative study of recognition and enforcement of foreign insolvency judgments between China and South Africa weighed in light of the progress of the European Union." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11021.
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O'CONNOR, Bernard. "European Community law and modern trends in the law of arbitration." Doctoral thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5662.
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LEISS, Johann Ruben. "Article 103 of the UN Charter : strict hierarchy as a last resort." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/26374.
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Supervisor: Professor Marise Cremona, European University Institute.Award date: 26 November 2012
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Due to the growing proliferation and specialisation of international law and its actors, on the one hand, and the rising activities of the UN Security Council, on the other, the risk for possible conflicts of UN law with other law increased strongly. This prompted debates on a hierarchical nature of the Charter and in particular it’s Article 103 which deals with conflicts between UN law and other international law. This thesis—after introducing the theoretical background of the concept of hierarchy and linking Article 103 to the discussion on hierarchy in international law in the light of the broader discourse on pluralism versus constitutionalism—analyzes Article 103 on the basis of a pragmatic interpretative approach. In light of various judgments that dealt with possible conflicts between UN law and other law techniques will be discussed that enable Courts that have different concepts of the international legal order to avoid possible conflicts. This thesis argues that the real value of Article 103 is the one of an interpretative guideline that unfolds supremacy of UN law by dialogue and accommodation rather than by hierarchy in a strict sense. Article 103 should be applied as a hierarchical rule—in the strict sense—only as a ‘last resort’ once all possible venues of harmonious interpretation are exhausted. By such an approach Article 103 is more likely to maintain the coherence and the unity of the international legal system under the umbrella of the UN Charter However, when it comes to the limits of harmonious interpretation, in cases of so-called genuine conflicts, UN law should be granted hierarchical supremacy on the international level; international and domestic Courts should exercise judicial restraint—but only under similar conditions to the ones that were formulated in the Solange approach by the German BVerfG or the Bosphorus approach by the ECtHR.
Books on the topic "Conflict of laws – Bankruptcy – European Union countries"
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S, Moss Gabriel, Fletcher Ian F, and Isaacs Stuart, eds. The EC regulation on insolvency proceedings: A commentary and annotated guide. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
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S, Moss Gabriel, Fletcher Ian F, and Isaacs Stuart, eds. The EC regulation on insolvency proceedings: A commentary and annotated guide. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
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Hess, Burkhard. European insolvency law: The Heidelberg-Luxembourg-Vienna Report on the application of Regulation No. 1346/2000/EC on Insolvency Proceedings (External Evaluation JUST/2011/JCIV/PR/0049/A4). München: C.H. Beck, 2014.
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S, Moss Gabriel, Fletcher Ian F, and Isaacs Stuart, eds. The EC regulation on insolvency proceedings: A commentary and annotated guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
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J, Garcimartín Alférez Fco, ed. The EC regulation on insolvency proceedings: A practical analysis. New York: Kluwer Law International, 2004.
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Freedom of establishment and private international law for corporations. Oxford, U.K: Oxford University Press, 2012.
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Treaty conflict and the European Union. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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Calster, Geert van. European private international law. Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing, 2013.
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European private international law. Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2016.
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Justyna, Balcarczyk, ed. Latest developments in EU private International law. Cambridge: Intersentia, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Conflict of laws – Bankruptcy – European Union countries"
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Malacka, Michal. "Sharia – Conflict of Law and Culture in the European Context." In Universal, Regional, National – Ways of the Development of Private International Law in 21st Century, 54–80. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9497-2019-3.
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Sharia and its conflict with the private law within the EU is one of the most current problems in the conflict of laws. In accordance with the doctrine of ordre public, a foreign law that is otherwise applicable is disregarded if its application would violate some fundamental interest, basic policy, general principle of justice, or prevailing concept of good morals in the forum state. This doctrine is used and followed by judicial procedures not only at “the old continent” but also in Islamic countries. This article shows the basic aspects of Sharia, Islamic legal tradition and the reflection of all the connected aspects in European Union private law and legislation. Some selected chapters analyse the most important differences in the legislation and judicial practice in the EU member states.