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1
Maley, William. "The United Nations and Ethnic Conflict Management: Lessons from the Disintegration of Yugoslavia." Nationalities Papers 25, no. 3 (September 1997): 559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999708408524.
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On 14 December 1995, an agreement as the Elysée Treaty (earlier initialled in Dayton after weeks of difficult negotiation) was signed in Paris by the Heads of State of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. One of the witnesses at the ceremony was the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, and, in a real sense, it marked the nadir of his term of office. In June 1992, amidst the euphoria of U.S. President George Bush's articulation of hopes for a new world order, Boutros-Ghali had presented a report to U.N. members entitled An Agenda for Peace which painted an ambitious picture of the opportunities for constructive involvement of the U.N. in conflict resolution. Yet ironically, this was almost the moment at which the intensification of intergroup conflict precipitated Bosnia-Hercegovina's slide into social and political disarray. The ultimate humiliation for the U.N. came in July 1995 when the massacre of Bosnian Muslims by Bosnian Serb forces in the U.N.-declared “safe area” of Srebrenica triggered the chain of events which saw responsibility for Bosnia-Hercegovina decisively removed from the U.N.'s grasp, and assumed by the United States and its NATO allies. The U.N. may recover from the shame of its Balkan entanglement, but the scars are likely to prove permanent.
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Dijkstra, Gerrit. "Bosnia and Hercegovina After the Crisis." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 7, no. 4 (December 1999): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00115.
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Shahzadi, Gulnaz, and Rehana Saeed Hashmi. "THE WAR IN BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA (1992-1995) AND ITS CAUSES." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 03 (September 30, 2022): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.735.
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The brutal conflicts in Bosnia-Hercegovina were the reminder of chaos and upheaval which dominated post Cold War World. The fall of Soviet Union and resulting shifts in international security did not created the ‘New World Order’ that was envisaged by many, rather it was a rampant security disorder that stayed for long. At the core of this has been massive increase in communal, religious and ethnic violence. Governments and people released from former Soviet rule swept by new democratic wave began to take up slogans of nationalism. In some instance, this was peaceful arising such as split of Czechoslovakia. In other cases like Yugoslavia, Georgia and Azerbaijan nationalist sentiment exploded violently. Europe and its surroundings had not seen bloodshed of this scale since World War II. The break up of huge empires invariably resulted in periods of general political instability and intense nationalism. In remote troubled areas like Angola and Somalia where nationalism had lesser role, experts predicted outbreak of conflict. As the cold War was over these regions lost immediate strategic importance, as a result inter ethnic conflicts emerged in tribal regions. These conflicts were protracted and international community remained reluctant to intervene. An example of such conflict is Bosnia, where wide array of local and international factors resulted in conflicts. This article attempts to thoroughly examine the factors responsible for the conflict. Moreover, it also sheds light on the role played by international actors that either amplified or resolved the conflict. For this purpose, the study adopted a qualitative approach (i.e. using the existing body of literature-books, newspapers, and journal articles to draw conclusion). Keywords: Bosnia-Hercegovina, conflict, war, religion, political, ethnicities
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Platzer, Michael, and Brad Popovic. "Dusan Cotic: Friend, mentor, scholar, and the man of action." Temida 15, no. 2 (2012): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1202045p.
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This paper describes the contribution of professor Dusan Cotic to the reconciliation process in Bosnia and Hercegovina. He participated in the project which intended to re-establish inter-ethnic dialogue and to harmonize laws and regulations in this country. The results were quite impressive for those turbulent post-conflict times. Among other things a new manual for correctional officers and law reform proposals were made, seminars were organized and also for the first time since the beginning of the hostilities judges from both entities were brought together.
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Chapman, John. "Destruction of a common heritage: the archaeology of war in Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina." Antiquity 68, no. 258 (March 1994): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00046251.
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The civil war in the former Yugoslavia, the largest conflict in Europe for half a century, is more than incidentally about objects from the past and proofs of past possession. Here is a report on some of the specifics and some of the generalities.
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Tučić, Boris. "Bosnia and Herzegovina as a factor of the western Balkan security subcomplex." Zurnal za bezbjednost i kriminalistiku 3, no. 2 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zurbezkrim2101045t.
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Relying on the basic theoretical assumptions of the Copenhagen School, especially the sectoral understanding of security and Regional Security Complex Theory, the paper analyzes the security situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), its implications for the wider Western Balkan security environment, including the situation in BiH realized in the context of differentiating the Western Balkan security subcomplex in relation to the wider European security identity which has an impact on the region. The aim of this paper is to point out the key factors that determine the security situation in BiH and its surrounding region, including the specificities of the security context in BiH, which is reflected in the essential inseparability of its political and societal dimension, because the issue of collective identity in BiH, which is exclusively grounded on the ethno-political premises manifested through its Dayton constitutional structure and the consociative character of its political system. Therefore, the paper concludes, among other things, that the causes of the unfavorable security situation in BiH and its negative implications for the region must primarily be sought in the permanent conflict between the three ethno-political identities and the dysfunctionality of political mechanisms for conflict resolutions, including inadequate policies which have been applied to Dayton BiH by key representatives of the European security identity, such as the European Union and NATO, almost since its establishment.
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Jajčević, Jasmin. "Informbiro crisis and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1948-1956) in historical sources and historiography." Historijski pogledi 4, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2021.4.6.93.
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In terms of historiography, the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Second World War has been dealt with by many historians and scholars, dealing with and researching topics related to the economy, culture, the issue of religious communities, political circumstances, etc. What is lacking in historiographical research in the period after the Second World War is certainly the question of education (educational opportunities), as well as the question of the repercussions and consequences of the Informbiro crisis in the period from 1948 to 1956 for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The period from 1948 to 1956 is one of the most dramatic and fateful phases in the recent history of the South Slavic countries, ie Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a period of very contradictory and turbulent social processes, which have led to complex changes in all areas of socio-economic and political reality, both domestically (in Yugoslavia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) and internationally. Stalin's attempt to subjugate the Yugoslav party leadership to Soviet domination will lead to an open split between Tito and Stalin (Yugoslavia and the USSR), which will have major consequences for the development of the Yugoslav political system, will lead to universal persecution of all those who voted for politics. Informbiroa in Yugoslavia. The conflict will have a particular impact on the political, economic and social situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this paper is to point out the historical sources that are in the archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, archives in Belgrade (Archives of Yugoslavia) and Zagreb on the basis of which the necessary data can be drawn to understand this issue, as well as to point to historiography (books, collections of papers and journals) that dealt with the issue of the Informbiro crisis in the period from 1948 to 1956 and its reflection on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is due to the fact that very few scientists and historians have dealt with this issue, as well as that there is very little historical literature for this period, especially for the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It should be noted that we have a historian who has dealt with this issue at the micro level, and as a result a book was published in 2005 entitled „Informbiro and Northeast Bosnia: Echoes and Consequences of the KPJ-Informbiro Conflict (1948-1953)", where the general public with this event, which has a great impact on the political and socio-economic situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. From the appearance of this book until today, there have been attempts to shed light on this issue through several scientific conferences and round tables, and the result has been published collections of papers, as well as articles published in some journals, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina and wider.
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Klempic-Bogadi, Sanja, Margareta Gregurovic, and Sonja Podgorelec. "Migration from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia: Migration patterns of immigrants in Zagreb." Stanovnistvo 56, no. 2 (2018): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1802039k.
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The 2011 population census recorded 4,290,612 residents of Croatia among which 584,947 or 13.7% were born abroad. Even though the most of them were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina (70% or 409,357) no research was conducted about this significant group of immigrants. This paper analyses the migration flows between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia during the last 60 years, especially focusing on demographic data available from diverse secondary sources and data on migration history and transnational activities obtained through empirical study ?The Effects of Immigration from Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Sociodemographic Development of Croatian Urban Areas?. The survey was conducted in 2014 in Sesvete, district of City of Zagreb on a judgemental/purposive sample of 301 adult Croatian residents born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Historical events (especially war) and economic developments had the influence on the number of immigrants as well as their motivation and decision to move from Bosnia and Hercegovina to Croatia. The data obtained through secondary sources and the results of conducted survey confirmed the shift in dominant migration patterns during three periods. First period, after the WWII until beginning of 1990s, indicated mostly labour migration where the migrations from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia were mostly driven by economic underdevelopment of the country of origin and directed towards Croatian commercial and industrial centres. In the first half of 1990s the change of socio-political system (breakup of the former federal state) and the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina induced significant forced migrations directed towards Croatia. After the end of the war and due to the consequences of armed conflict effecting the contemporary socioeconomic and political development of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a part of its citizens who were temporary settled in Croatia (as labour migrants or refugees) or elsewhere abroad, decided not to move back to Bosnia and Herzegovina but permanently stay in or move to Croatia. This was followed by the new period of migration driven (again) mostly by economic reasons complemented by general social situation and advanced unfavourable demographic processes in Bosnia and Hercegovina. These conditions stimulated the citizens of Bosnia and Hercegovina to migrate more frequently to other, economically more developed countries (Germany, Austria) effecting significantly the number of immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina in Croatia. The respondents included in empirical research are mostly Croats by ethnic affiliation (93.4%) and 99% of them have Croatian citizenship. In the highest proportion they migrated to Croatia during the 1990s. The results showed statistically significant correlation between the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina from where they moved to Croatia and the period of migration (the most numerous migrations were recorded from the area of the contemporary Republika Srpska). Three most frequent reasons of migration were war destruction (41.5%), economic reasons (33.2%) and family reasons (13%). Almost two thirds of respondents (63.1%) had no prior migration experience and more than 90% plan to stay permanently in Croatia. The study also confirmed significant social and transnational activities of immigrants. However, these respondents cannot be considered as the ?typical migrants? since they largely share language, culture and tradition of receiving society which presents a favourable environment for their legal/political, socioeconomic and sociocultural integration.
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Jones, Alex. "Migration, ethnicity and conflict: Oxfam's experience of working with Roma communities in Tuzla, Bosnia-Hercegovina." Gender & Development 6, no. 1 (March 1998): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/741922631.
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Thumann, Michael. "Between Ambition and Paralysis—Germany's Policy toward Yugoslavia 1991–1993." Nationalities Papers 25, no. 3 (September 1997): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999708408525.
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The decay of Yugoslavia since 1990 has put an end to the experiment of a state of Southern Slavs. At the same time it has destroyed the myth of a peaceful and strong Western Europe. The continent that had displayed an impressive performance of cooperation and skillful diplomatic maneuvering during the last years of the Cold War proved to be incapable of coping with the problems in its southeastern backyard. In the beginning of the conflict, the European Community assumed responsibility for negotiating cease-fires and a peace settlement for the embattled Yugoslav states. But all efforts were fruitless. In 1995, it was primarily the interference of the United States that brought about the peace treaty of Dayton for Bosnia-Hercegovina.
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Hanić, Azra, and Dragana Jevtić. "Human Resource Management Between Economy and Ethics – Research of Serbia and Bosnia and Hercegovina." Business Ethics and Leadership 4, no. 3 (2020): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.4(3).127-136.2020.
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This paper discusses economic and ethical issues that bring about certain limitations in human resource management as one of the basic organizational functions, through which the organization’s relationship with employees is expressed. The aim of this paper is to point out the ethical dimension of human resource management as a key organizational function, which has economic, but at the same time ethical responsibilities. In elaborating this problem, we started from the basic assumption that human resource management as an organizational function and theoretical concept should balance between economic and ethical requirements, which depends on the attitudes of managers as decision makers. In addition to the analysis of the existing literature in this field, an empirical research was conducted to verify the stated assumptions on the basis of a survey questionnaire, which explored the attitudes of managers. The results were processed by statistical methods in the SPSS program. The significance of this paper derives from the importance of employees for the organization and the sensitivity of the human dimension of the organization in relation to the economic one. Bad condition in human resources management in BiH and Serbia, as the countries on which our research is focused, with unfavorable situation on the labor market, low level of perception of needs by managers and knowledge (professionalism) required for experts in this field to achieve necessary influence and affirm an effective concept and practice, opens opportunities for unethical actions of organizations. Unethical practices can be generated by ignorance, employers ’greed for quick profits, and weak institutional influence. High distance of power is an unfavorable cultural factor that encourages the arbitrariness of individuals and prevents social control of the behavior of organizations. In these wanderings and undefined directions of institutional development, in these countries there is room for corruption, poor law enforcement (incomplete reform of the judicial system), insufficiently defined protection of private property, strong influence of political parties in all spheres of life, political and economic connection, significant share of state property, etc. On the ground of egalitarian culture, high social inequality and impoverishment of the majority of the population is created, which negatively affects education, health and distracts attention from the civic control of the government. Therefore, in the research we started from the assumption that the primary evaluation of the human and social function of business and employees as a purpose, not a means, positively affects the ethical practice of human resource management, which we tested over the average response of respondents employed in different positions in the organization. The results obtained are presented in the paper. Keywords: Business Ethics, Ethics, Employees, Economics, HRM, Organization.
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Rokvić, Gordana, and Željko Vaško. "Stages of Development of Agricultural Extension Service in Bosnia and Herzegovina." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 17, no. 4 (February 14, 2017): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1604359r.
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The paper elaborates on the evolution of agricultural extension service development in Bosnia and Hercegovina in the period before and after the 90-ties. In order to make a review of agricultural extension in characteristic periods, historical method of data analysis sourced secondary in combination with analysis and synthesis method. The review was conducted according to a standardized template to nine criteria stating both their advantages and disadvantages. Review of the current state of agricultural extension services by entities has been based on analysis of data from primary and secondary sources and personal observations by author. Results of the research show that the Agricultural Extension Service in Bosnia and Herzegovina has gone through three stages and three different models of extension service development: Technology Transfer Model, The Farm Management Model and The Rural Extension Model. Taking into consideration the problems and weaknesses that were identified some recommendations were made to improve the Bosnia and Herzegovina Agricultural Extension Service performance.
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Arnaut Haseljić, Meldijana. "Joint criminal enterprise – Bosnia and Herzegovina in Croatia’s great project." Historijski pogledi 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 240–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2020.3.4.240.
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The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY / ICTY) has indicted Jadranko Prlić, Bruno Stojić, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petković, Valentin Ćorić and Berislav Pušić. Indictees are charged with individual criminal responsibility (Article 7 (1) of the Statute) and criminal responsibility of a superior (Article 7 (3) of the Statute) for crimes against humanity: persecution on political, racial and religious grounds; killing; rape; deportation; inhumane acts; inhumane acts (forcible transfer); inhumane acts (conditions of detention); imprisonment, violations of the laws or customs of war: cruel treatment; cruel treatment (conditions of detention); illegal physical labor; reckless destruction of towns, settlements or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity; destruction or willful damage to institutions dedicated to religion or education; looting of public and private property; unlawful attack on civilians (Mostar); unlawful terrorism of civilians (Mostar); cruel treatment (siege of Mostar), violations of the Geneva Conventions: willful deprivation of life; inhuman treatment (sexual abuse); unlawful deportation of civilians; illegal transfer of civilians; unlawful detention of civilians; inhuman treatment; inhuman treatment (conditions of detention); destruction of large-scale property that is not justified by military necessity, and was carried out illegally and recklessly; confiscation of property that is not justified by military necessity, and was performed illegally and ruthlessly. The trial began on April 26, 2006. The Trial Chamber's judgment of 29 May 2013 concluded that the conflict between the Croatian Army / Croatian Defense Council (HV / HVO) and the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) was of an international character. The factual evidence unequivocally showed that HV forces fought together with HVO members against ARBiH, and that the Republic of Croatia exercised general control over the armed forces and civilian authorities of the Croatian Community/Croatian Republic (HZ/HR) of Herceg-Bosna. The Council also found that there was a joint criminal enterprise (JCE) with the ultimate goal of establishing a Croatian entity, partly within the 1939 Croatian Banovina, to enable the unification of the Croatian people. The ultimate goal was the annexation of this area to the territory of the Republic of Croatia in case of disintegration of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (which corresponded to great state claims), or alternatively to make this area an independent state within Bosnia and Herzegovina, closely connected with Croatia. As early as December 1991, members of the HZ Herceg-Bosna leadership (including Mate Boban, president of HZ/HR Herceg-Bosna) and Croatian leaders (including Franjo Tuđman, president of Croatia) assessed that in order to achieve the ultimate goal of establishing a Croatian entity it is necessary to change the national composition of the population in the areas that were calculated to be part of it. JCE participants knew that achieving this goal means removing the Bosniak population from the area of the so-called Herceg-Bosna and that it is in contradiction with the peace negotiations that were held in Geneva. Numerous crimes committed from January 1993 to April 1994 indicate an obvious pattern of behavior where the commission of a crime was the outcome of a plan prepared by JCE participants. The Trial Chamber found that all persons covered by the Indictment made a significant contribution to the implementation of the JCE and that their contribution indicated that they had the intent to pursue a common criminal purpose. Following consideration of the Appeals filed by the Prosecution and the Defense of the Convicts, the ICTY Appeals Chamber issued a final Judgment on 29 November 2017 against Jadranko Prlić, Bruno Stojić, Slobodan Praljak, Milivoj Petković, Valentin Ćorić and Berislav Pušić, declaring them liable for the joint criminal enterprise in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This appellate judgment upheld the convictions handed down by the ICTY Trial Chamber in May 2013. In addition to participating in a joint criminal enterprise, the Appeals Chamber upheld responsibility for killings, persecution on political, racial and religious grounds, deportations, unlawful detention of civilians, forced labor, inhumane acts, inhumane treatment, unlawful and wanton destruction of large-scale property not justified by military necessity, destruction or willful damage to institutions dedicated to religion or education, unlawful attacks on civilians and unlawful terrorism of civilians, and individually for rape and sexual abuse. The verdict confirmed that the participants from Croatia in the joint criminal enterprise were Franjo Tudman, Janko Bobetko and Gojko Šušak. From the presented evidence it was concluded that the leaders of HZ/RHB, including Mato Boban, and the leaders of the Republic of Croatia, including Franjo Tudjman, in December 1991 assessed that the long-term political goal was to achieve the unification of the Croatian people entities, within the borders of the Banovina of Croatia from 1939, it is necessary to carry out “ethnic cleansing” in the territories that were claimed to belong to the HZ/RHB. Evidence confirms that a joint criminal enterprise has been established to achieve the political goal. In this context, it was established that Franjo Tudjman advocated the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croatia and Serbia by annexing part of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia or, if this was not possible, by establishing an autonomous Croatian territory that would be closely connected with Croatia. Prlić, Stojić, Praljak, Petković, Ćorić, and Pušić were convicted of crimes against humanity, violations of the laws or customs of war and grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, specifically murder, willful deprivation of life, persecution on political, racial and religious grounds, deportation, unlawful detention of civilians, forced labor, inhumane acts, inhuman treatment, unlawful and wanton destruction of large-scale property not justified by military necessity, looting and confiscation of public and private property under the third category of liability for participation in JCE destruction or intentional infliction damage to institutions dedicated to religion or education, unlawful attacks on civilians and unlawful terrorism of civilians. In addition, Prlić, Stojić, Petković and Ćorić were convicted of rape and inhuman treatment (sexual abuse). Ćorić was additionally convicted for several crimes for which he is responsible as a superior.
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Vujičić - Stefanović, Dragana. "REGULATION OF ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BY EXTERNAL AUDIT IN THE CONTEXT OF FOSTERING MORE EFFICIENT RISK MANAGEMENT - A REVIEW OF THE BANKING SECTOR OF BIH." ЗБОРНИК РАДОВА ЕКОНОМСКОГ ФАКУЛТЕТА У ИСТОЧНОМ САРАЈЕВУ 8, no. 19 (February 10, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/zrefis1919011v.
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In this study, regulatory requirements are elaborated regarding external audit in the assessment of the risk management system and the impact of the regulation of risk management system using independent external audit is investigated in the context of encouraging effective risk management in the banking sector of Bosnia and Hercegovina. The research was conducted through a questionnaire, which included a representative sample consisting of all the banks in BiH, within which employees at control functions are included (risk management, internal audit and internal control), along with members of bank boards (Supervisory board, Audit Committee, Bank Management), and relevant external auditors conducting audits in the banks in BiH, as well as professional academic public. The results of the research show a high degree of correlation of the regulation of risk management system by independent auditors and risk management efficiency, but also identify additional mechanisms which encourage more efficient risk management in banks and, consequently, reveal new research areas.
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Jereb, Blaz, Maja Dolenc, and Tanja Kajtna. "Motives for Following Sports Events among Physical Education Students from Bosnia and Hercegovina and Slovenia." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 10992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710992.
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A sports result takes on its meaning only when the public reacts to it after attending a sporting event. In order to determine and compare attitudes toward attending such events, students from two different cultural backgrounds were invited to participate in the study: 156 students from the Faculty of Sport in Ljubljana and 82 students from the Pedagogical faculty, Department of Physical Education and Sports in Bihać. They were asked to complete a questionnaire containing 25 variables on the motives for attending sporting events. The respondents rated the importance of the motives with scores from 1 to 5 (1—not the reason at all; 2—not the reason; 3—occasionally true for me; 4—true for me; 5—absolutely true). The obtained results were ranked and compared between the students of different faculties and between genders. The results showed that Bosnian and Slovenian students differed in 11 out of 25 motives. Statistically significant gender differences were found for only two out of 25 motives. Differences between Bosnian and Slovenian students were also found in the ranking of the importance of the motives as well as in their evaluation. The results show that cultural, national, and mentality differences between the two groups are reflected in the motives for following sporting events.
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Gavrić, Tanja. "Conflict management strategies in family business." Ekonomski vjesnik 34, no. 1 (2021): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.34.1.8.
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Purpose: The aim of this paper is to determine, theoretically and empirically, which strategies are most commonly used to manage conflict situations and to what extent conflict management strategies have an effect on knowledge transfer between owners and successors in family businesses in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This research empirically establishes a link between conflict management strategies and knowledge transfer. Methodology: In addition to theoretical conceptualization, the paper presents quantitative empirical research confirming the validity of the proposed hypothesis. Results: The results of the research show that owners who tend to use the integrating, obliging and compromising conflict management strategies, attach more importance to succession planning and transfer of knowledge and experience to successors. In contrast, dominant leaders are less willing to plan for succession, as they would prefer to retain all the crucial information and decision-making authority and are therefore reluctant to share their knowledge and power. Conclusion: Relevant conflict management strategies can be implemented to help maintain family relationships and ensure business continuity. Learning effective conflict management techniques is important for anyone involved in a family business. Thus, managing conflict is important for the success and longevity of family businesses.
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Zayed, Kazi. "An Attempted Integration of Urban Utility and Historic Value." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Studies 7, no. 3 (October 12, 2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joees.2022.v07i03.004.
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Bosnia Herzegovina had experienced some significant events of its history during the Bosnian War. Bosnia Herzegovina was one of the epicenters of devastating war causing severe damage and casualties. In Mostar, the conflict scenario was particular during the “siege of Mostar” in 1992 and then again later in 1993 to 1994. Mostar landfill was used as a prominent dump-yard of martyrs during the war. After the historic event, Mostar has still to face many difficulties in the field of environmental management. The landfill is one of the most important sanitary landfills in Bosnia Herzegovina and holds the tearing memories of the war. At the same time, it holds both the memories of mass murders and its significance as an urban utility. Waste management is one of the primary ecological issues in post conflict areas. Due to the war affected situations and political unstable settings, environmental crisis becomes eminent. The notion of this research is to develop a probable design structure to integrate an urban utility (Landfill) and post conflict emotional correspondence. Phenomenological Qualitative research methodology was used to figure out the bridges between these two discrete phenomena.
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Banfield, G. K., C. R. Chowdhury, and R. Brookstein. "Penetrating laryngeal injury: two case reports from Bosnia." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 109, no. 2 (February 1995): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100129512.
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AbstractPenetrating injury to the larynx is uncommon. We present two cases resulting from the recent Bosnian conflict. It is possible to achieve good laryngeal function by appropriate conservative management once the airway is secured. Progress should be monitored by repeated endoscopic examination and imaging techniques.
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Balić, Besim, Aida Ibrahimspahić, Ahmet Lojo, and Admir Avdagić. "SELECTION OF REGRESSION MODELS FOR GRAPHICALLY DETERMINED SITE CLASS CURVES FOR FIR IN UNEVEN-AGED STANDS IN BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 47, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2017.v47.i2.59.
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UDK: 630*54:582.475(497.6)
In expert activities of forest managements, the forest stand volume is most frequently determined by way of volume tables, the so-called management tariffs. For an evaluation of stand volume using this method, the method of volume tables, it is necessary to know the site class (rating) of the stand for present tree species that is used as an argument for the selection of suitable volume progression (management tariff). The site quality for certain species in mixed stands is determined by comparing the height of trees at certain diameters at breast height (dbh) with the height of appropriate dispositions of height site class curves. In so doing the focus is placed on the ratio between the heights of large diameter trees, and the quality of the stand is rated within an interval of more defined site quality classes. For the purposes of a more objective and simpler assessment of site quality, there have recently been attempts to make site quality assessments mathematically, using appropriate formulas in which tree heights or average heights by diameter classes and heights determined by mathematical functions of site class curves are used. For economically important tree species in Bosnia and Herzegovina (fir, spruce, beech, sessile oak, black pine and scots pine), the dispositions of height site class curves (and classes) are constructed graphically and mathematical functions for them are not known. A large number of mathematical models that are often used to represent growth trends and that satisfy the needs of height curves is analyzed in this paper with a view to determining the most suitable regression model for simulating height site class curves for fir in high forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The expanded Prodan model (with an additional item in the denominator) has been selected as the most suitable one on the basis of statistical indicators of the regression model quality.
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Bukvić, Višnja, and Nikola Glamuzina. "Conflict on nature resource management in Hutovo Blato Nature Park." Natura Croatica 29, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20302/nc.2020.29.32.
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The paper deals with the problem of natural resource management in Hutovo Blato Nature Park Blato in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The official policy for the protection of Mediterranean wetlands has put to the forefront the problem of exploiting the abundant but limited natural resources such as water, agricultural land, fish stocks and wetland birds. A quarter of a century after the establishment of the Nature Park the problem of nature resource management is more troubled than ever before. This research aims to define the primary stakeholder groups in the area that question and challenge the official policy of nature protection and to analyse their points of view and attitudes. The stakeholder analysis relates to analysis of endangered animal species and vegetation and issues that are results of stakeholders’ activities.
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Jacobi, Susanne. "The OSCE Court: An Overview." Leiden Journal of International Law 10, no. 2 (June 1997): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215659700023x.
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The CSCE/OSCE is linked in public opinion to one of the following headings: Helsinki Final Act and Cold War; arms control and disarmament; crisis management and conflict prevention. This picture is not completely incorrect in that it indicates more than 20 years of CSCE/OSCE history. Being no more than a series of conferences from 1973 to 1990, the ‘old’ CSCE attempted to bridge East and West, and it mainly contributed to developing military aspects of security in Europe. Following the collapse of the former Eastern bloc, the ‘new’ CSCE, later renamed the OSCE, was called upon to assist in managing the epochal change involving the resurgence of regional crises, and it has been equipped with a fully developed organizational and instrumental structure to that end. The most prominent examples of CSCE/OSCE activity in the areas of conflict prevention, crisis management, and post-conflict peacebuilding, are places such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chechnya, or Albania.
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Williams, Nick. "Moving beyond financial remittances: The evolution of diaspora policy in post-conflict economies." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 38, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242619878064.
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This article examines the role of institutional change in engaging the diaspora to invest in their home country. The article draws on in-depth interviews with key stakeholders in Bosnia & Herzegovina, Kosovo and Montenegro, all post-conflict economies which have experienced significant outward migration. This article shows that despite the importance attached to the diaspora in policy discourse, they are an under-utilised resource in economic and social development. While diaspora entrepreneurs have a strong emotional connection to their home country, they have faced numerous barriers upon returning due to unstable institutional environments. Many provide financial remittances but can remain isolated from entrepreneurial activity, and social remittances are limited due to the skills gained while in the host country. Institutional improvements are required if they are to be assimilated into the economy. The article concludes by providing a number of implications for institutional theory and policy.
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Wise, Nicholas. "Post-war tourism and the imaginative geographies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia." European Journal of Tourism Research 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v4i1.59.
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In the early 1990s Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia were spaces of conflict. The media presented much of what occurred during the war years, constructing our imaginative geographies. This study determines the role of discourse for understanding contemporary image (re)constructions concerning post-war countries. Acknowledging the significance of tourism, this economic sector acts as a catalyst to promote and highlight image transitions. To contribute to the growing literature on post-war tourism, a three-fold typology is presented to position these countries as landscape remembrance, fading memory or replacing memory. This work draws from newspaper articles and official tourism websites as modes of discourse positioned to convey information and details that establish imaginative expressions of places to support the proposed typologies. A discourse analysis of both textual and visual content is interpreted to determine how these sources construct the three-fold typology and (re)create meanings and images of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.
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Page, Douglas, and Samuel Whitt. "Confronting Wartime Sexual Violence: Public Support for Survivors in Bosnia." Journal of Conflict Resolution 64, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 674–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002719867473.
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Existing research on conflict-related sexual violence focuses on the motivations of perpetrators and effects on survivors. What remains less clear is how postconflict societies respond to the hardships survivors face. In survey experiments in Bosnia, we examine public support for financial aid, legal aid, and public recognition for survivors. First, we find a persistent ethnocentric view of sexual violence, where respondents are less supportive when the perpetrator is identified as co-ethnic and survivors are perceived as out-groups. Second, respondents are less supportive of male survivors than female survivors, which we attribute to social stigmas surrounding same-gender sexual activity. Consistent with our argument, those who are intolerant of homosexuality are especially averse to providing aid to male survivors. This study points to the long-term challenges survivors face due to ethnic divisions and social stigmatization from sexual violence.
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Forde, Susan. "The bridge on the Neretva: Stari Most as a stage of memory in post-conflict Mostar, Bosnia–Herzegovina." Cooperation and Conflict 51, no. 4 (July 8, 2016): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836716652430.
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This article conceptualises the institutional narrative of the reconstruction of Stari Most (Old Bridge), regarded as an international symbol of reconciliation in Mostar, Bosnia–Herzegovina, as a staged reconciliation of the city. Constructed during Ottoman occupation Stari Most became a signifier of Mostar and was central to the growth of the city. Stari Most was destroyed in 1993 during the Bosnian war; restoration began five years following, and the bridge alongside Stari Grad (Old Town) was reopened as a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) heritage site in 2004. UNESCO began operating in 1945 on the grounds that ‘peace must be established on the basis of humanity’s moral and intellectual solidarity’, based on a collaborative effort to celebrate diversity and innovation. In this article I conceptualise Stari Most as a stage of memory through identifying, firstly, the institutional staging of the reconstruction as a structure which ‘bridges’ divides, and secondly, the institutional narrative of the bridge as a symbolically reconciling structure, in a city which remains divided.
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Perry, Valery. "Frozen, stalled, stuck, or just muddling through: the post-Dayton frozen conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Asia Europe Journal 17, no. 1 (August 23, 2018): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-018-0525-6.
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Edmunds, Timothy, and Ana E. Juncos. "Constructing the capable state: Contested discourses and practices in EU capacity building." Cooperation and Conflict 55, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836719860885.
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Capacity building has risen to prominence in the vocabulary of the international community as a way to promote security and development in fragile and post-conflict environments. Capacity building seeks to promote a bottom-up approach drawing on and strengthening existing local capacities. This article argues that capacity building can be understood as part of a broader governmentality that seeks to determine from the outside what constitutes a ‘capable’ subject. However, the effects of these governance practices are not straightforward as they are constantly shaped by the way local actors on the ground engage with these. Drawing on both policy documents and interviews conducted in Bosnia, Kosovo and Somalia, the article examines European Union capacity building initiatives in these post-conflict environments. By examining the rationality and problematisations behind this discourse, the article unveils how such assumptions (in particular, regarding the lack of institutions, power and knowledge) result in interactions and contestation between the local and the international in practice, which lead to new outcomes that neither straightforwardly reflect the existing status quo nor represent a linear imposition of power by external capacity builders.
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Zablodska, Inna, Yuliia Rohozian, Olena Khandii, Stanislav Sieriebriak, and Iryna Litvinova. "European Experience in the Construction of Territories with Special Economy Regime after an Armed Conflict: A Trajectory of Sustainability." Problemy Ekorozwoju 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2023.1.05.
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This article is due to the presence of a unique situation in Ukraine associated with the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, which increases scientific interest in European cases on the restoration of territorial integrity, mitigation of adverse socio-economic conditions impact after an armed conflict. The article is devoted to the existing European experience research in the construction of territorial units with special functioning conditions through the prism of the sustainable development. This allowed the authors to structure the studied countries into two groups: countries that use special economic zones as a priority tool of state policy (Latvia, Lithuania, Poland) and countries that have experience in developing such territories after an armed conflict (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina). The authors analysed the use of special economic zones in the countries of the first group as part of their state policy to strengthen the socio-economic potential of problem regions and presented the main results of this process. Particular attention is paid to the Balkan experience in the construction of priority development territories after the armed conflict in the context of the sustainable development implementation.
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Jusufović, Naira, Anela Hasanagić, and Izet Pehlić. "KONSTRUKCIJA I VALIDACIJA SKALE ZA PROCJENU SOCIO-KOMUNIKACIJSKIH KOMPETENCIJA ODGAJATELJA." Zbornik radova 20, no. 20 (December 15, 2022): 223–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.1840-4448.2022.20.223.
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This paper was based on the fact that educators’ social communicative competences are insufficiently discussed in professional literature, and that there is no research instrument testing them. Therefore, the goal of this paper was to develop and then empirically validate the Scale for the Assessment of Educators’ Social Communicative Competences. The first version of the instrument consisted of the following subscales: Nonviolent Communication, Self-Awareness, Awareness of Others, Self-Management-Emotion Regulation, Self-Esteem, Nonviolent Conflict Resolution. The initial version of the scale contained 70 items. The instrument was applied to a sample of 243 respondents, educators from all over Bosnia and Herzegovina, and psychometric validation was carried out, which included an item analysis, a factor analysis to check the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument. Eventually, an instrument consisting of 32 items was obtained. The following 6 factors were confirmed: Nonviolent Communication, Self-Awareness, Awareness of Others, Self-Management-Emotion Regulation, Self-esteem and Nonviolent Conflict Resolution. The reliability of all the subscales except for the Self-Awareness subscale was found to be satisfactory: Non-violent Communication (5 items; α=.697), Self-Awareness (6 items; α=.487), Awareness of Others (4 items; α=.804), Self-Management-Regulation of Emotions (5 items; α=.817), Self-Esteem (7 items; α=.701), Nonviolent Conflict Resolution (5 items; α=.771). It was concluded that the developed research instrument intended for the assessment of educators’ social communicative competences has satisfactory characteristics.
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Martinović, Ana, and Sonja Ifko. "Industrial heritage as a catalyst for urban regeneration in post-conflict cities Case study: Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina." Cities 74 (April 2018): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.12.013.
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Dijkstra, Hylke. "Agenda-setting in the Common Security and Defence Policy: An institutionalist perspective." Cooperation and Conflict 47, no. 4 (November 27, 2012): 454–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836712462772.
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The European Union (EU) has launched an impressive number of crisis management missions since its Common Security and Defence Policy became operational in 2003. This article analyses the agenda-setting phase of these civilian and military operations in order to explain why the EU has sent troops, policemen, judges, prosecutors and monitors across three continents. It presents an institutionalist perspective and argues that the former High Representative Javier Solana and his officials have been instrumental in putting various operations on the agenda. They have employed deliberate agenda-setting strategies, such as venue shopping, conflict expansion and issue framing, to further their bureaucratic interest of launching new missions. Solana and his officials had the ability to affect the agenda-setting process thanks to their pivotal position in policy making. This gave them with superior information on the state of play and an early mover advantage as well as strong international networks. The article provides empirical evidence from the crisis management missions in Aceh, Bosnia, Chad and Kosovo. It concludes with the changes to the Common Security and Defence Policy after the Treaty of Lisbon.
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Lojo, Ahmet. "REGRESION MODELS FOR ASSESMENT OF THE VOLUME INCREMENT OF THE FIR, BEECH AND SPRUCE IN FORESTS OF BEECH, FIR AND SPRUCE ON LIMESTONE IN FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 47, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 60–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2017.v47.i2.60.
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UDK: 630*56(497.6)
The paper displays research results of volume increment size of main tree species, fir, beech and spruce within mixed forests of beech, fir and spruce on limestone and dolomites in Federation of Bosnia and Hercegovina (FBiH).
Fir and beech forests along with the spruce represent the most important part of forest resources in BiH. As LOJO (2013) points out, around 371 000 ha of these forests are located on limestone and dolomites and are selection forests for the most part. Knowledge of laws of changes in size of volume increment of selection stand of trees is necessary for high quality planning of forestry production. The paper explores changes of volume increment sizes especially for following tree species: fir, spruce and beech within mixed stand of trees. Research sample are measured sample plots from 799 mixed stand of trees larger than 40 ha recorded during 11 years' time during the creation of forest management plans. Stands of trees in which control recordings were conducted for the purpose of reliability of data were taken as a sample. Multiple regression models for estimation of volume increment size of fir, spruce and beech including two models for each species of trees. Models used for volume increment size estimation of mixed forest in optimal - normal state and models used for determination of volume increment that is as accurate as possible when the size of multiple independent factors that affect change in volume increment size are known. This paper explores dependence of change of volume increment on: site class expressed through average height of trees whose diameter is 50 cm, share of species of trees in the stand volume, degree of coverage of the ground with crowns of trees of medium diameter in stand of trees which was calculated based on the basal area of species of trees and share of deciduous trees in the stand of trees volume. For more precise model size of basal area of species of trees in stand of trees and average altitude were used.
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Sydd, Olga, Rauno Sairinen, Opri Orenius, and Heidi Tiainen. "Local perceptions of small-scale metal mining development in post-conflict transition countries: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Extractive Industries and Society 13 (March 2023): 101225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2023.101225.
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Komatsu, Taro. "Why do policy leaders adopt global education reforms? A political analysis of SBM reform adoption in post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina." education policy analysis archives 21 (August 4, 2013): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v21n62.2013.
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This paper presents a political analysis of school-based management reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). School-based management (SBM), based on the principle of school autonomy and community participation, is a school governance system introduced in many parts of the world, including post-conflict nations. Such a phenomenon seems to follow the pattern predicted by the theories of institutional isomorphism. According to the institutionalists in comparative education, a country adopts global education reforms so as to enhance nation-building and nation-state legitimacy within the international community (Meyer, Boli, Thomas, & Ramirez, 1997; Ramirez & Boli, 1987). However, a closer look at the SBM reform adoption process in BiH reveals that, after legislating the global reform, policy leaders appear to have willfully derailed its implementation. Careful analysis of their legitimacy contexts suggests that BiH leaders may have adopted the internationally-driven reform policy primarily for the purpose of enhancing their precarious domestic legitimacy. Such behavior can be explained by Weiler’s (1983; 1990) political utility theory, which has not yet been sufficiently incorporated into the analysis of educational reform transfer. The study posits that policy leaders in reform-borrowing countries still play a crucial role in shaping education systems, even in the globalized world that is arguably driving these systems to converge. It is then important for comparative and international education scholars, as well as international donors, to critically assess the intent, practices and behaviors of the political leaders who accept global reforms.
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Rajic, Sara. "FACTORS HINDERING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORM AND EU ACCESSION: CASE STUDY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA." Administracija i javne politike 14, no. 2/2020 (February 22, 2021): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/ajp.1422020.5.
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Public administration represents operations and practice of the government through management, administration and implementation of government policies having in mind public interests and the society as a whole. However, analysis of the political system and public administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) reveals that this definition is rather “modified” when it comes to the mentioned country. Even though public administration reform is one of the priorities for BIH, the reasons why it has not been more successful are post-conflict reconstruction and state building, unique political organisation as a result of a peace agreement, veto mechanisms and ethnic quotas which makes the consensus harder to achieve and delays adoption of important strategies. Even though political elite in BIH is committed to public administration reform and the key reform institutions have been established there is a lack of necessary knowledge and skills, competences and most importantly, political will. However, public administration reform definitely represents one of the key conditions for the future of BIH and its accession to the European Union (EU). Undoubtedly, public administration reform is a complex reform, and in this paper, the focus is on the case study of BIH by identifying its key issues on the way to the EU membership. This paper is based on analytical method with an explorative and descriptive purpose, comparative legal method, literature review method, and finally, synthesis of results, combined with professional insight and conclusions.
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Kopren, Ana, and Hans Westlund. "Bridging versus Bonding Social Capital in Entrepreneurs’ Networks: The Case of Post-Conflict Western Balkans." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 3371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063371.
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This article examines the value and effect of social capital deriving from cross-ethnic business cooperation on social networks and society in the aftermath of war. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the social function entrepreneurship conveys beyond its economic role. Based on Putnam’s bridging and bonding social capital theory and Granovetter’s theory on weak ties, the article studies ties between entrepreneurs originating from different ethnic groups in ethnically divided post-conflict societies. This study highlights the capacity of entrepreneurs to produce and generate social capital across ethnic lines. The field study includes surveys and interviews in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and North Macedonia. The results show that the majority of entrepreneurs cooperate and employ across ethnic lines. Cross-ethnic business relationships formed between entrepreneurs create benefits not only for entrepreneurs but also for building social capital across ethnic lines, thus forming valuable, yet depleted, social capital in post-conflict societies. Voluntary relationships between managers and business owners set a valuable model of weak ties facilitating associative behaviour among divided ethnic groups. Business exchange and relationships create social values that transcend a simple financial transaction. Value is in the form of friendship and trust, a reliance that maintains entrepreneurs’ relationships and contributes to the social capital.
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Calò, Fabiana, and Mario Parise. "Waste management and problems of groundwater pollution in karst environments in the context of a post-conflict scenario: The case of Mostar (Bosnia Herzegovina)." Habitat International 33, no. 1 (January 2009): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2008.05.001.
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Fagan, Adam, and Indraneel Sircar. "Europeanisation and multi-level environmental governance in a post-conflict context: the gradual development of environmental impact assessment processes in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 33, no. 5 (September 21, 2015): 919–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263774x15605898.
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Fagan, Adam. "Global–Local Linkage in the Western Balkans: The Politics of Environmental Capacity Building in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Political Studies 56, no. 3 (October 2008): 629–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00711.x.
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This article argues that efforts by international donors, in particular the EU, to build the capacity of environmental NGOs in Bosnia-Herzegovina has less to do with fostering democratic stability and civil society, and more to do with establishing a new epistemic community. Among critics, the technocratic, apolitical and rather benign term ‘capacity building’ has become code for the transformation and undermining of ‘local’ knowledge, the disregard for existing ‘capacities’, the construction of new networks of experts and the importation of rationalities based on West European discourses and constructions of ecological risk, sustainable development and policy responses. Not surprisingly, the weaker the post-socialist state – legacies of ethnic conflict, the severity of economic collapse – the greater the extent to which capacity-building assistance seeks to transform policy communities, actors and networks. From the perspective of environmental mobilisations in Bosnia-Herzegovina, it is argued that the limitations of environmental capacity-building assistance are due in large part to the failure of donors to distinguish between different ‘capacities’, and their insistence on prioritising the development of project grant expertise and organisational management know-how over and above other developmental needs. The article illustrates the extent to which environmental movement organisations either require very basic developmental assistance or need more bespoke support that will enable them to engage effectively in political and legal contestation with the state. The article concludes that while aspects of environmental capacity-building assistance are clearly having a positive impact, the rigidity of donor aid and the framework of project grants as the mechanism for delivering assistance are limiting the impact to a narrow elite of organisations, of which some are neither non-governmental nor linked to indigenous local environmental networks within civil society.
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Starčević, Vitomir, Vesna Petrović, Ivan Mirović, Ljiljana Ž. Tanasić, Željko Stević, and Jadranka Đurović Todorović. "A Novel Integrated PCA-DEA-IMF SWARA-CRADIS Model for Evaluating the Impact of FDI on the Sustainability of the Economic System." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 13587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013587.
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Today’s economic systems are, on the one hand, exposed to various risks and uncertainties with their trends changing almost daily, while on the other hand, they represent an extremely complex system with a large number of sustainable influential parameters. The challenge is to model macroeconomic parameters and achieve sustainability, yet also satisfy conflict situations with an increased level of uncertainty. The aim of this paper is to create an appropriate functional model by examining the mutual influence of various macroeconomic factors. It assesses a total of four scenarios considering mutual influences of: FDI (foreign direct investments), GDP (gross domestic product), imports, exports, inflation rate, RER (real exchange rate) and employment rate as defined parameters. First, the DEA (Data envelopment analysis) model was applied to determine the initial efficiency of two countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) and Serbia, for the period 2005–2020. Then, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) was applied in combination with DEA to obtain more precise values. In addition, IMF SWARA (Improved Fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) was applied to define weight coefficients of macro-economic parameters. Finally, the CRADIS (compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution) model was applied for the final ranking of part of decision-making units. This developed, integrated model can be classified as a mathematical method for economic analysis and gives extended opportunities for solving different problems. The results show that 2009, 2013 and 2016 were the most favorable years in terms of the conditions set when it comes to Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 2012, 2014 and 2016 when it comes to Serbia. These years have been singled out and can be a benchmark for further handling and modeling of macroeconomic elements. In addition, correlation was tested using statistical coefficients.
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Cekik, Aneta. "Politics of the European Union in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Between Conflict and Democracy, by D. Ulaş Erlap (Lanham, MD: Lexington, 2012, ISBN 9780739149454); xi+135pp., £34.95 hb." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 51, no. 4 (June 6, 2013): 807–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12027_3.
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Džananović, Mirza. "The role of the factory “Bratstvo” (Brotherhood) in the development of Novi Travnik." Historijski pogledi 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2020.3.4.228.
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The establishment of the socialist regime had led to thorough political, economic, social, cultural and other changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first decade after the Second World War was marked by the reconstruction of the war-torn country, and great support in that process was provided by the USSR - the main ally of the new Yugoslavia. Emphasis was placed on the intensive development of the industry, which was to be the carrier of the overall economic development of the entire country. In accordance with this strategy, large industrial plants were established in all parts of Yugoslavia, thanks to which there was an intensive process of urbanization of numerous previously dormant communities. However, when there was a conflict and then a break with the USSR, Yugoslavia was forced to partially modify its economic development plans (the so-called Five-Year Plans). These changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina were most felt by cities such as Zenica, which instead of the originally planned Doboj became a Yugoslav metallurgical center, and Novi Travnik, which arose as a result of relocating part of the arms industry from Kragujevac in Serbia to central Bosnia. The factory “Bratstvo" (meaning Brotherhood) was built on a deserted meadow near Travnik in the heart of central Bosnia, and for the needs of housing workers who built industrial plants, as well as for those who worked in those plants, the first residential buildings were built in the form of low-quality wooden barracks. These were the roots of the workers' settlement that gradually grew into a new town called Novi Travnik. The fateful link between the factory and the city, which was established at that time, was not interrupted during the entire socialist period, so the survival and development of Novi Travnik completely depended on the business opportunities in the "Bratstvo" factory. The expansion of the production and plant of the "Bratstvo" also included the construction of new housing, communal, social, health, sports, cultural, catering and other facilities in Novi Travnik. A successful business year in "Bratstvo" meant a secure inflow of money into the local community budget as well as a sufficient number of funds for the work of cultural, artistic, entertainment, sports and all other societies in the city. The same rule applied in the case of bad business of "Bratstvo", and the most obvious example of how important the factory was for Novi Travnik can be seen in the case of a failed business in Ghana. The local authorities in Novi Travnik were absolutely aware of the role of the "Brotherhood" in the development of Novi Travnik and tried in every way to facilitate the functioning of the company, so, except for a few mere misunderstandings, relations between city and factory management were mostly friendly. After all, when the survival of the "Bratstvo" was called into question due to the failed business in Ghana, local authorities were among the first to appeal for the company's salvation, clearly noting that with the disappearance of the factory, the fate of Novi Travnik would be sealed. The paper presents a brief overview of the history of the company "Bratstvo" from its founding in June 1949 until the end of the socialist period in 1990, and analyses the relations between the city and factory authorities in that period. The aim of the paper was to show the importance that the factory "Bratstvo" had for the overall development of Novi Travnik and to determine how much the local authorities were aware of the role of companies in the development of the city. The paper provides insight into the processes that took place in a particular local community, but which can also be found in other industrial cities of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Yugoslavia during the socialist period.
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Navickienė, Lijana, Eglė Stasiūnaitienė, and Ilona Kupčikienė. "CAUSES OF STRESS IN TEACHERS‘ PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY: SCHOOL LEADERS‘ APPROACH." Health Sciences 29, no. 6 (December 17, 2019): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2019.103.
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Teachers are among the professions reporting the highest level of work-related stress. This has a great impact on teachers‘ professional performance, job satisfaction, quality of their work and educational process. High level of stress adversaly affects teacher‘s motivation, social well-beeing and even physical and mental health. The causes of teacher stress are related to activity requirements, work organization, working conditions, relationships, etc. Heavy workload, negative attitude towards teacher work in society, education reforms, role conflicts, lack of time, disrespectful behavior of learners, poor working conditions, high demands, hard-to-achieve outcomes – all these factors cause teachers‘ stress in their professional activity. In order to investigate the problem of teachers‘ stress, it is important to identify not only the attitudes of teachers to the stress factors in teachers‘ professional activity but also those of school leaders. It is interesting to identify what, in school leaders views, are the main causes of teachers‘ stress and what stress management measures at the organization level would be the most effective for teachers to cope with their stress. 62 school leaders from Portugal, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, Slovenia and Lithuania participated in an international reseacrh on the causes of teachers‘ occupational stress and possible ways of managing it. The results of the study revealed that changing demands for teacher competencies, filling in documentation, low salary, noisy environments, unclear roles, lack of time to fulfill all the tasks, disrespectful learners‘ behavior, and tensions with colleagues and parents are the major stressors in the teaching profession. School leaders believe that the most appropriate ways to manage teacher stress include training on stress management techniques and conflict resolution. The study was conducted in the framework of the international project “Preventing Stress in the Teaching Profession-Stress Free Teachers”, No. 20163715 / 001-001.
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Hadžikadić-Gušić, Lejla, Timur Cerić, Inga Marijanović, Ermina Iljazović, Dijana Koprić, Anela Zorlak, Mahira Tanović, et al. "Guidelines for breast cancer treatment in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, July 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2022.7504.
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Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, accurate data on the status of breast cancer are lacking due to the absence of a central registry. Multiple international guidelines imply that institutions that monitor breast cancer patients should have optimal therapeutic options for treatment. In addition, there have been several international consensus guidelines written on the management of breast cancer. Application of consensus guidelines have previously been demonstrated to have a positive influence on breast cancer care. The importance of specialty breast centers has previously been reported. As part of the 2021 Bosnian-Hercegovinian American Academy of Arts and Sciences (BHAAAS) conference in Mostar, a round table of multidisciplinary specialists from Bosnia and Herzegovina and the diaspora was held. All were either members of BHAAAS or regularly participate in collaborative projects. The focus of the consortium was to write the first multidisciplinary guidelines for the general management of breast cancer in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The grading system used is reported in Table 1. Statements without use of a grading system were considered standard clinical practice by our panel of experts (see Table 2). Guidelines were developed for each area of breast cancer treatment and management. These guidelines will serve as a resource for practitioners managing breast cancer in the Bosnia and Hercegovina region. This might also be of benefit to the ministry of health and any future investors interested in developing breast cancer care policies in this region of the world.
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"IMPACT OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS ON BANKS' LOAN PORTFOLIO AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA AND BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA." Zbornik radova - Journal of Economy and Business, December 24, 2018, 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46458/27121097.2018.si.7.
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Bank loans are the most important source of the banks’ income and profitability. The structure of loan portfolio, such as maturity, currency, type of interest rate or credited sector, is also highly significant for banks’ business performance. In the latest global financial crisis, quality of the loans sharply deteriorated, thus increasing the percentage of non-performing loans in banks’ balance sheets and causing major problems in business activity for many banks. The events emphasized the importance and potential impact of non-performing loans not just on banks, but on the whole economy and society. The aim of this article is to analyse determinants of non-performing loans, future challenges and possible solutions of high NPL ratios in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine strength and coefficient of the independent micro and macro variables (GDP growth rate, unemployment rate, Consumer Price Index, amount of bank loans and value of stock exchange indexes) on the level of non-performing loans. Obtained results indicate that GDP growth rates are significant in both countries but with opposite impact. Additionally, unemployment rate is significant in Bosnia and Herzegovina and amount of loans in Croatia. Despite current economic expansion, banks are still slightly reluctant in approving loans, alert of the potential growth of the non-performing loans and its effect on banking performance. In recent years, the level of NPL ratio started decreasing in both countries, mostly due to the selling or writing off loans by the commercial banks, but this level is still higher than in the comparable countries. Therefore, more effort is needed to further improve loan portfolio and enforce economic growth, with possible measures being better banks’ NPL management, improvement of insolvency procedures and more transparent justice system.
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"Background Paper for Rebuilding Fiscal Institutions in Post-Conflict Countries." Policy Papers 2004, no. 50 (December 13, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498329958.007.
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The information provided in this paper supplements the information presented in the main Board paper. The main paper discusses experiences in reestablishing fiscal management in post-conflict countries. On the basis of the Fiscal Affairs Department technical assistance recommendations to these countries, that paper identifies key priorities for rebuilding fiscal institutions in a post-conflict setting. This background paper provides more detailed information for the six selected countries—Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lebanon, Mozambique, and Timor-Leste.
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"Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe: Lisbon Document 1996." International Legal Materials 36, no. 2 (March 1997): 486–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900019598.
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The Heads of State of the OSCE met to assess the situation and establish a cooperative foundation for common security; respect for human rights; early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation; arms control; freedom of the press and media; identification and assessment of security-related economic, social and environmental problems; noting achievements of the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina; supporting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Georgia; noting the improving situations in Moldova and Chechnya; noting the need for further dialogue with Mediterranean partners, Japan and South Korea; future meetings
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Williams, Nick, Emmanuella Plakoyiannaki, and Besnik A. Krasniqi. "When Forced Migrants Go Home: The Journey of Returnee Entrepreneurs in the Post-conflict Economies of Bosnia & Herzegovina and Kosovo." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, March 13, 2022, 104225872210826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10422587221082678.
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This paper examines forced migrants who fled their homeland due to conflict and later returned to undertake entrepreneurial activity. Drawing on qualitative interviews with returnees to Bosnia & Herzegovina and Kosovo, we contribute to the process-oriented view of entrepreneurship by showing how forced migration leads to historical bonds to the homeland which influence resultant entrepreneurial activity. We extend literature on institutional voids by demonstrating that they can be enabling, with formal voids substituted by informal networks. Returnees rely on informal ties due to mistrust of formal ties, and these are strengthened by shared experiences of conflict and lead to activities which satisfy non-monetary gains rather than profit.
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Walsh, Dawn. "Power-Sharing: The Need to Explore the “Who” and the “Where”." International Studies Review 24, no. 4 (October 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viac052.
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Abstract Power-sharing provisions have been included in many peace agreements intended to end intra-state violent conflict, including, for example, in Northern Ireland, Bosnia, Sudan, and Lebanon. Power-sharing has been subject to extensive scholarly examination. Many of these examinations focus on the impact of power-sharing on peace, often defined as the non-recurrence of violent conflict. However, the results of these examinations have not generated a consensus as to the value of power-sharing as a conflict management tool. This lack of consensus highlights a need to more clearly understand the effects of power-sharing. To fully comprehend the role of power-sharing, we must move away from simply asking if it is associated with the reoccurrence of violence and explore the paths through which it can contribute to different outcomes of interest, for example, group relations or stable government. Both Hartzell and Mehler (2019) and Keil and McCulloch (2021) seek to address this current weakness in our understanding of power-sharing, albeit in quite different ways. These books show that by paying closer attention to the impact of power-sharing on different outcomes, including a focus on the mechanisms that link its different power-sharing provisions to specific outcomes, we can develop a fundamentally deeper understanding of power-sharing.
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Vieira, Eduarda. "Heritage for all (more inclusive) policies for the management of Cultural Assets." Cadernos de Sociomuseologia, December 20, 2022, 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36572/csm.2022.vol.64.09.
Full textAbstract:
This text intends to be a summary of the oral communication that I made at the invitation of the YOCOCU Portugal Association, in the context of the European Heritage Days, in September 2021. I understood such participation as the possibility of giving a personal testimony of what are some of my most pressing current issues questions regarding the Management of Cultural Assets, having brought to the debate several questions, since, in a time of constant change, models tend to be reassessed and even changed. Since 2019, the world has been threatened by events that have shaken our certainties and introduced profound changes in our daily lives. The Covid 19 pandemic has forced us to carry out the digital technological transition more quickly, which will certainly affect the various sectors of cultural heritage, from preservation to fruition. As I write this short text, a war is taking place in Europe that will change world geopolitics, and whose devastating consequences are still not fully guessed. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict of 2022 thus allows us, unfortunately, to witness the destruction of thousands of lives, the setting up of emergency plans for the protection of cultural assets, which demonstrates the resilience of a people, but equally, perhaps, to the biggest refugee crisis in Europe since World War II. Terrorism and war represent, nowadays, opportunities to annihilate the cultural identity of a community or people, through the destruction of cultural assets, which has been increasing since the 1990s, when some archaeologists warned of what would be the “ethno-archaeological destruction of built heritage” during the conflict in Bosnia (Renfrew & Bahn, 1991, p.511). The evolution of heritage studies, however, led us more recently to discover that cultural identity can also be a factor of social cohesion and the recovery of peace and conciliation between peoples (Viejo Rose, 2021, p. 11).