Academic literature on the topic 'Configuration en pipeline'
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Journal articles on the topic "Configuration en pipeline"
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WANG, CHENG, and HOWARD M. HEYS. "PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF PIPELINED S-BOX IMPLEMENTATIONS FOR THE ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 03 (March 2014): 1450036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500364.
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In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of the influence of pipeline configurations on the performance of ASIC implementations of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) substitution box (S-box) based on a composite field structure. We consider pipeline configurations for the S-box with a typical composite field structure by varying the number of pipeline stages and the placement approach of pipeline registers. Besides the conventional placement approach at the component level of the S-box, we adopt a new placement approach at the gate level to achieve a fine-grained pipeline. The performance of the pipelined S-boxes is characterized based on a 90-nm standard cell CMOS technology. The characterization shows that there is notable performance improvement in timing, area, power and/or energy efficiency by using an appropriate configuration compared with other configurations including non-pipelined implementations. These results are strong evidence that pipelined S-box implementations are not only suitable for high throughput AES implementations, but also valuable to resource-efficient AES implementations. In addition, it is also shown that pipelining provides many more performance options that allow more flexible implementation of the AES S-box compared with non-pipelined implementations.
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J.S., Shijo, and Niranjana Behera. "Modelling and analysis of flow of powders through long pipelines." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 5 (July 15, 2020): 709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-01-2020-0035.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on predicting the pressure drop in fluidized dense phase pneumatic conveying of fine particles through pipelines by modelling the solids friction factor in terms of non-dimensional parameters using experimental data of definite pipeline configuration. Finally, the model is to be tested for a different pipeline configuration. Design/methodology/approach Solids friction factor has been expressed in terms of certain non-dimensional parameters such as density ratio, solids loading ratio and mean particle diameter to pipe diameter ratio, and a certain number of coefficients and exponents. Experimental data of five conveying materials (two types of fly ash, two types of alumina and one type of cement meal) for a pipeline configuration of diameter 53 mm and length 173 m and another conveying material EPS dust for two pipeline configurations (69-mm diameter, 168-m long; 105-mm diameter, 168-m long) have been used to calculate the unknown coefficients or exponents of the mathematical model for solids friction factor. Findings The developed model gives the best results in predicting the pressure drop for the pipelines that are less than 173-m long, but the model shows a large error for the pipelines more than 173-m long. Research limitations/implications Current research will be helpful for the researchers to model the process of pneumatic conveying through long distances. Practical implications The method will be helpful in conveying powder materials through long distances in cement or brick industry, alumina industry. Social implications Fly ash piles over at the nearby places of thermal power plants. Pneumatic conveying is the best method for transporting the fly ash from the location of power plants to the nearby brick industries or cement industries. Originality/value Solid friction factor has been presented in terms of four non-dimensional parameters and evaluated the accuracy in predicting the pressure drop for two different pipeline configurations.
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Zhang, Jiayi, Lin Cui, Hualing Zhai, and Dong-Sheng Jeng. "Assessment of Wave–Current-Induced Liquefaction under Twin Pipelines Using the Coupling Model." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2023): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071372.
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Although twin pipelines in series have been used to transport hydrocarbons in engineering practice, most previous studies focused on the dynamic response of the seabed around a single pipeline. A two-way coupling model of fluid–structure–seabed interaction (FSSI) is proposed for the study of the soil response and liquefaction caused by waves and currents around twin pipelines. The present model integrates the flow model and the seabed model by introducing a boundary condition of velocity continuity in addition to the continuity of pressures at the seabed surface. Then, the inconsistency between the physical process and numerical simulation can be overcome in the one-way coupling model. Through a series of numerical simulations, the influence of different flow characteristics, soil properties, and pipeline configurations on the seabed response under the two-way coupling process were explored, and compared with the results of the single pipeline. The numerical results indicate that the twin pipeline configuration significantly alters the relevant responses compared to the single pipeline configuration, including the after-consolidation state, amplitude of velocity at the seabed surface, and distribution of pore pressure in the seabed. The parametric studies show that the amplitudes of the wave and current have significant impacts on the distribution of pore pressure in the seabed. The pore pressure in the seabed increases with the increase of forward wave current, while the results of reverse wave current are the opposite. In addition, the liquefaction range around the pipeline increases with the increase of Hw and Tw, and increases with the decrease of Sr and ks. At the same time, the gaps (G) and the ratio of pipe radius (R1/R2) between the twin pipelines also significantly affect the seabed response and liquefaction distribution around the pipeline.
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Allain, Fabrice, Julien Roméjon, Philippe La Rosa, Frédéric Jarlier, Nicolas Servant, and Philippe Hupé. "Geniac: Automatic Configuration GENerator and Installer for nextflow pipelines." Open Research Europe 1 (July 2, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13861.1.
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With the advent of high-throughput biotechnological platforms and their ever-growing capacity, life science has turned into a digitized, computational and data-intensive discipline. As a consequence, standard analysis with a bioinformatics pipeline in the context of routine production has become a challenge such that the data can be processed in real-time and delivered to the end-users as fast as possible. The usage of workflow management systems along with packaging systems and containerization technologies offer an opportunity to tackle this challenge. While very powerful, they can be used and combined in multiple ways thus increasing their usage complexity. Therefore, guidelines and protocols are required in order to detail how the source code of the bioinformatics pipeline should be written and organized to ensure its usability, maintainability, interoperability, sustainability, portability, reproducibility, scalability and efficiency. Capitalizing on Nextflow, Conda, Docker, Singularity and the nf-core initiative, we propose a set of best practices along the development life cycle of the bioinformatics pipeline and deployment for production operations which address different expert communities including i) the bioinformaticians and statisticians ii) the software engineers and iii) the data managers and core facility engineers. We implemented Geniac (Automatic Configuration GENerator and Installer for nextflow pipelines) which consists of a toolbox with three components: i) a technical documentation available at https://geniac.readthedocs.io to detail coding guidelines for the bioinformatics pipeline with Nextflow, ii) a linter to check that the code respects the guidelines, and iii) an add-on to generate configuration files, build the containers and deploy the pipeline. The Geniac toolbox aims at the harmonization of development practices across developers and automation of the generation of configuration files and containers by parsing the source code of the Nextflow pipeline. The Geniac toolbox and two demo pipelines are available on GitHub. This article presents the main functionalities of Geniac.
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Tan, Yohei, Daiki Oki, Yu Liu, Yukiko Arai, Zachary Nosker, Haruo Kobayashi, Osamu Kobayashi, et al. "Self-Calibration Techniques of Pipeline ADCs Using Cyclic Configuration." Key Engineering Materials 596 (December 2013): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.596.181.
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This paper proposes a digital self-calibration technique for pipelined ADC. In this technique, the pipelined ADC is composed of a series of cyclic ADCs and each stage has independent digital self-calibration. Because of this, our technique achieves higher accuracy calibration than the conventional method that calibrates by using later stages. Applying the proposed method, we simulated the pipelined ADC with MATLAB and showed that higher accuracy calibration can be achieved with a smaller number of pipeline stages.
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Allain, Fabrice, Julien Roméjon, Philippe La Rosa, Frédéric Jarlier, Nicolas Servant, and Philippe Hupé. "Geniac: Automatic Configuration GENerator and Installer for nextflow pipelines." Open Research Europe 1 (February 21, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13861.2.
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With the advent of high-throughput biotechnological platforms and their ever-growing capacity, life science has turned into a digitized, computational and data-intensive discipline. As a consequence, standard analysis with a bioinformatics pipeline in the context of routine production has become a challenge such that the data can be processed in real-time and delivered to the end-users as fast as possible. The usage of workflow management systems along with packaging systems and containerization technologies offer an opportunity to tackle this challenge. While very powerful, they can be used and combined in many multiple ways which may differ from one developer to another. Therefore, promoting the homogeneity of the workflow implementation requires guidelines and protocols which detail how the source code of the bioinformatics pipeline should be written and organized to ensure its usability, maintainability, interoperability, sustainability, portability, reproducibility, scalability and efficiency. Capitalizing on Nextflow, Conda, Docker, Singularity and the nf-core initiative, we propose a set of best practices along the development life cycle of the bioinformatics pipeline and deployment for production operations which target different expert communities including i) the bioinformaticians and statisticians ii) the software engineers and iii) the data managers and core facility engineers. We implemented Geniac (Automatic Configuration GENerator and Installer for nextflow pipelines) which consists of a toolbox with three components: i) a technical documentation available at https://geniac.readthedocs.io to detail coding guidelines for the bioinformatics pipeline with Nextflow, ii) a command line interface with a linter to check that the code respects the guidelines, and iii) an add-on to generate configuration files, build the containers and deploy the pipeline. The Geniac toolbox aims at the harmonization of development practices across developers and automation of the generation of configuration files and containers by parsing the source code of the Nextflow pipeline.
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Mardonov, B., I. Mirzaev, N. A. Nishonov, E. V. An, and E. A. Kosimov. "Upheaval buckling of underground pipelines of complex configuration located in liquefied soils." E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 02041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340102041.
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The problem of loss of stability of underground pipelines with a middle part in the form of a straight or П-shaped part located in liquefied soils is considered in the article. The pipeline lifting process occurs under the action of buoyancy force in the liquefied soil zone and then under the action of the longitudinal compressive force that appears due to the temperature of the transported product and its pressure. The problem is solved by the finite element method. The results are presented as a table and graphs of changes in the values of transverse displacements along the coordinate depending on the pipeline geometric characteristics and the soil rheological properties. It is established that the П-shaped part is a damper against pipeline buckling.
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Cheng, Xiaofei, Jun Yang, Tiaojian Xu, and Qianyuan Xu. "Study on Hydrodynamic Coefficients of a Submarine Piggyback Pipeline under the Action of Waves and Current." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101118.
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In this study, physical model tests are used to investigate the effects of a varying number of wave and current parameters, the gap ratios between the pipeline and seabed, the spacing ratios between the two pipelines and the diameter ratios on the hydrodynamic coefficients of the large, small pipeline and pipeline system (bundle) in a piggyback configuration under the combined action of waves and current. The results show that, compared with the pure wave field, the existence of the steady current will lead to a decrease in hydrodynamic coefficients. In addition, the results indicate clear differences between the hydrodynamic coefficients of the large pipeline, small pipeline and piggyback pipeline system. The experimental results on hydrodynamic coefficients can be used as an important basis for the safety design of a submarine piggyback pipeline.
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Cheng, Xiaofei, Jun Yang, Tiaojian Xu, and Qianyuan Xu. "Study on Hydrodynamic Coefficients of a Submarine Piggyback Pipeline under the Action of Waves and Current." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101118.
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In this study, physical model tests are used to investigate the effects of a varying number of wave and current parameters, the gap ratios between the pipeline and seabed, the spacing ratios between the two pipelines and the diameter ratios on the hydrodynamic coefficients of the large, small pipeline and pipeline system (bundle) in a piggyback configuration under the combined action of waves and current. The results show that, compared with the pure wave field, the existence of the steady current will lead to a decrease in hydrodynamic coefficients. In addition, the results indicate clear differences between the hydrodynamic coefficients of the large pipeline, small pipeline and piggyback pipeline system. The experimental results on hydrodynamic coefficients can be used as an important basis for the safety design of a submarine piggyback pipeline.
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Hwang, Woongik, and Jong Seh Lee. "Analytical Model for the Structural Behavior of Pipelines During Lowering-In." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 2595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132595.
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Since pipelines experience the largest deformation during lowering-in, structural analysis for this construction sequence should be performed to ensure structural safety. In this study, a new analytical model named the “segmental pipeline model” was developed to predict the structural behavior of the pipeline. This analytical model consists of several segmental elements to represent various boundary and contact conditions. Therefore, the segmental pipeline model can consider the geometric configuration and characteristics of pipelines that appear during lowering-in. Adopting the Euler-Bernoulli beam and two-parameter beam on elastic foundation theory, the new model takes the effect of the soil and axial forces acting on the pipelines into account. This paper compares the displacements, sectional bending moments and shear forces of the pipeline obtained from the analytical model and finite element (FE) analysis, where good agreement was demonstrated. Also, the paper presents three examples to demonstrate the applicability of the analytical model.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Configuration en pipeline"
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Gasti, Wahida. "Etude et realisation d'un processeur rapide de transformations geometriques d'images numeriques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13131.
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Les transformations geometriques d'images sont essentiellement utilisees pour: corriger les erreurs de parallaxe dues aux conditions de prise de vues, comparer des images provenant de capteurs differents, superposer des images reelles et des images conceptuelles, realiser des effets speciaux
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Oudrhiri, Ali. "Performance of a Neural Network Accelerator Architecture and its Optimization Using a Pipeline-Based Approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS658.pdf.
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Ces dernières années, les réseaux de neurones ont gagné en popularité en raison de leur polyvalence et de leur efficacité dans la résolution d'une grande variété de tâches complexes. Cependant, à mesure que les réseaux neuronaux continuent de trouver des applications dans une gamme toujours croissante de domaines, leurs importantes exigences en matière de calcul deviennent un défi pressant. Cette demande en calcul est particulièrement problématique lors du déploiement de réseaux neuronaux sur des dispositifs embarqués aux ressources limitées, en particulier dans le contexte du calcul en périphérie pour les tâches d'inférence. De nos jours, les puces accélératrices de réseaux neuronaux émergent comme le choix optimal pour prendre en charge les réseaux neuronaux en périphérie. Ces puces offrent une efficacité remarquable avec leur taille compacte, leur faible consommation d'énergie et leur latence réduite. Dans le cadre du calcul en périphérie, diverses exigences ont émergé, nécessitant des compromis dans divers aspects de performance. Cela a conduit au développement d'architectures d'accélérateurs hautement configurables, leur permettant de s'adapter aux demandes de performance distinctes. Dans ce contexte, l'accent est mis sur Gemini, un accélérateur configurable de réseaux neuronaux conçu avec une architecture imposée et mis en œuvre à l'aide de techniques de synthèse de haut niveau. Les considérations pour sa conception et sa mise en œuvre ont été motivées par le besoin de configurabilité de la parallélisation et d'optimisation des performances. Une fois cet accélérateur conçu, il est devenu essentiel de démontrer la puissance de sa configurabilité, aidant les utilisateurs à choisir l'architecture la plus adaptée à leurs réseaux neuronaux. Pour atteindre cet objectif, cette thèse a contribué au développement d'une stratégie de prédiction des performances fonctionnant à un niveau élevé d'abstraction, qui prend en compte l'architecture choisie et la configuration du réseau neuronal. Cet outil aide les clients à prendre des décisions concernant l'architecture appropriée pour leurs applications de réseaux neuronaux spécifiques. Au cours de la recherche, nous avons constaté qu'utiliser un seul accélérateur présentait plusieurs limites et que l'augmentation de la parallélisme avait des limitations en termes de performances. Par conséquent, nous avons adopté une nouvelle stratégie d'optimisation de l'accélération des réseaux neuronaux. Cette fois, nous avons adopté une approche de haut niveau qui ne nécessitait pas d'optimisations fines de l'accélérateur. Nous avons organisé plusieurs instances de Gemini en pipeline et avons attribué les couches à différents accélérateurs pour maximiser les performances. Nous avons proposé des solutions pour deux scénarios : un scénario utilisateur où la structure du pipeline est prédéfinie avec un nombre fixe d'accélérateurs, de configurations d'accélérateurs et de tailles de RAM. Nous avons proposé des solutions pour mapper les couches sur les différents accélérateurs afin d'optimiser les performances d'exécution. Nous avons fait de même pour un scénario concepteur, où la structure du pipeline n'est pas fixe, cette fois il est permis de choisir le nombre et la configuration des accélérateurs pour optimiser l'exécution et également les performances matérielles. Cette stratégie de pipeline s'est révélée efficace pour l'accélérateur Gemini. Bien que cette thèse soit née d'un besoin industriel spécifique, certaines solutions développées au cours de la recherche peuvent être appliquées ou adaptées à d'autres accélérations de réseaux neuronaux. Notamment, la stratégie de prédiction des performances et l'optimisation de haut niveau du traitement de réseaux neuronaux en combinant plusieurs instances offrent des aperçus précieux pour une application plus largeIn recent years, neural networks have gained widespread popularity for their versatility and effectiveness in solving a wide range of complex tasks. Their ability to learn and make predictions from large data-sets has revolutionized various fields. However, as neural networks continue to find applications in an ever-expanding array of domains, their significant computational requirements become a pressing challenge. This computational demand is particularly problematic when deploying neural networks in resource-constrained embedded devices, especially within the context of edge computing for inference tasks. Nowadays, neural network accelerator chips emerge as the optimal choice for supporting neural networks at the edge. These chips offer remarkable efficiency with their compact size, low power consumption, and reduced latency. Moreover, the fact that they are integrated on the same chip environment also enhances security by minimizing external data communication. In the frame of edge computing, diverse requirements have emerged, necessitating trade-offs in various performance aspects. This has led to the development of accelerator architectures that are highly configurable, allowing them to adapt to distinct performance demands. In this context, the focus lies on Gemini, a configurable inference neural network accelerator designed with imposed architecture and implemented using High-Level Synthesis techniques. The considerations for its design and implementation were driven by the need for parallelization configurability and performance optimization. Once this accelerator was designed, demonstrating the power of its configurability became essential, helping users select the most suitable architecture for their neural networks. To achieve this objective, this thesis contributed to the development of a performance prediction strategy operating at a high-level of abstraction, which considers the chosen architecture and neural network configuration. This tool assists clients in making decisions regarding the appropriate architecture for their specific neural network applications. During the research, we noticed that using one accelerator presents several limits and that increasing parallelism had limitations on performances. Consequently, we adopted a new strategy for optimizing neural network acceleration. This time, we took a high-level approach that did not require fine-grained accelerator optimizations. We organized multiple Gemini instances into a pipeline and allocated layers to different accelerators to maximize performance. We proposed solutions for two scenarios: a user scenario where the pipeline structure is predefined with a fixed number of accelerators, accelerator configurations, and RAM sizes. We proposed solutions to map the layers on the different accelerators to optimise the execution performance. We did the same for a designer scenario, where the pipeline structure is not fixed, this time it is allowed to choose the number and configuration of the accelerators to optimize the execution and also hardware performances. This pipeline strategy has proven to be effective for the Gemini accelerator. Although this thesis originated from a specific industrial need, certain solutions developed during the research can be applied or adapted to other neural network accelerators. Notably, the performance prediction strategy and high-level optimization of NN processing through pipelining multiple instances offer valuable insights for broader application
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Lussac, Samuel. "L'Azerbaïdjan, les hydrocarbures et les pipelines : réseaux sociotechniques et régionalisation." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40060/document.
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Cette recherche s’intéresse aux impacts sociopolitiques des gazoducs et des oléoducsmis en oeuvre depuis 1991 au Caucase du Sud. S’appuyant sur un cadre théoriquemêlant principalement sociologie de l’Acteur-Réseau, sociologie éliasienne etapproches managériales, elle postule que la construction d’un système complexe detransport de pétrole et de gaz azerbaïdjanais est révélatrice de l’évolution de laconfiguration sud-caucasienne. Cette thèse étudie tout d’abord les interactions qui senouent autour de la mise en oeuvre des voies d’exportation des hydrocarburesazerbaïdjanais. Elle met en lumière l’émergence de nouvelles formes de régulation, dontla plupart profite à la compagnie pétrolière BP. Elle démontre ensuite comment lesréseaux sociotechniques construits autour de ces nouvelles voies participent d’uneévolution de la configuration sud-caucasienne. Ces réseaux débordent du cadrepurement économique pour aboutir au développement de la régionalisation entrel’Azerbaïdjan, la Géorgie et la Turquie. Cette recherche souligne enfin les gains queretire l’Etat-entreprise azerbaïdjanais de cette régionalisation fondée sur leshydrocarbures. Bakou se sert de ces derniers pour étendre son influence économique etpolitique au sein de la configuration sud-caucasienne. La sociologie de l’Acteur-Réseaunous permet donc de souligner le rôle non seulement économique mais égalementpolitique des hydrocarbures dans la montée en puissance de l’Azerbaïdjan qui, d’Etat enfaillite, est devenu puissance régionaleThis dissertation looks at the socio-political impacts of the pipelines that have beenimplemented in the South Caucasus since 1991. It is based on a theoreticalframework mixing Actor-Network Theory, Norbert Elias’s sociology andmanagement approaches. It assumes that the construction of an Azerbaijanihydrocarbons transportation complex system sheds light into the evolution of theSouth Caucasian configuration. First, this research studies interactions that emergeLUSSAC Samuel | Science Politique | Doctorat | 201114around the implementation of export routes for Azerbaijani oil and gas resources.It highlights the development of new forms of governance, which mostly benefit tothe oil company BP. Second, this dissertation demonstrates that the sociotechnicalnetworks built around these new export routes contribute to the evolution of theSouth Caucasian configuration. These networks overflow the economic sphere tofoster regionalization between Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. Third, thisresearch underlines the benefits the Azerbaijani ‘state-company’ retrieves fromthis hydrocarbons-based regionalization. Baku takes advantage of oil and gasresources to increase its economic and political influence within the SouthCaucasian configuration. Therefore, the Actor-Network Theory helps to shed lightinto the economic and political role of hydrocarbons in the rise of Azerbaijan.From a failed state, this country has now established itself as a regional power
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"The Design and Use of a Smartphone Data Collection Tool and Accompanying Configuration Language." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-12-1851.
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Understanding human behaviour is key to understanding the spread of epidemics, habit dispersion, and the efficacy of health interventions. Investigation into the patterns of and drivers for human behaviour has often been facilitated by paper tools such as surveys, journals, and diaries. These tools have drawbacks in that they can be forgotten, go unfilled, and depend on often unreliable human memories. Researcher-driven data collection mechanisms, such as interviews and direct observation, alleviate some of these problems while introducing others, such as bias and observer effects. In response to this, technological means such as special-purpose data collection hardware, wireless sensor networks, and apps for smart devices have been built to collect behavioural data. These technologies further reduce the problems experienced by more traditional behavioural research tools, but often experience problems of reliability, generality, extensibility, and ease of configuration.
This document details the construction of a smartphone-based app designed to collect data on human behaviour such that the difficulties of traditional tools are alleviated while still addressing the problems faced by modern supplemental technology. I describe the app's main data collection engine and its construction, architecture, reliability, generality, and extensibility, as well as the programming language developed to configure it and its feature set. To demonstrate the utility of the tool and its configuration language, I describe how they have been used to collect data in the field. Specifically, eleven case studies are presented in which the tool's architecture, flexibility, generality, extensibility, modularity, and ease of configuration have been exploited to facilitate a variety of behavioural monitoring endeavours. I further explain how the engine performs data collection, the major abstractions it employs, how its design and the development techniques used ensure ongoing reliability, and how the engine and its configuration language could be extended in the future to facilitate a greater range of experiments that require behavioural data to be collected. Finally, features and modules of the engine's encompassing system, iEpi, are presented that have not otherwise been documented to give the reader an understanding of where the work fits into the larger data collection and processing endeavour that spawned it.
Books on the topic "Configuration en pipeline"
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MORTON, Jaxon. Welding for Beginners: Welding Joint Configurations, Plasma Arc and Hybrid Welding, Pipeline and MIG Welding, Choosing a Welding Career, Making Welding Cart, Math Behind Welding. Independently Published, 2022.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Configuration en pipeline"
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Chaganti, Ravikanth. "DSC and the Release Pipeline." In Pro PowerShell Desired State Configuration, 435–52. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3483-9_14.
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Dingare, Pranoday Pramod. "Understanding the Global Tool Configuration Page." In CI/CD Pipeline Using Jenkins Unleashed, 45–54. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7508-5_6.
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Brazdil, Pavel, Jan N. van Rijn, Carlos Soares, and Joaquin Vanschoren. "Automating Workflow/Pipeline Design." In Metalearning, 123–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67024-5_7.
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SummaryThis chapter discusses the design of workflows (or pipelines), which represent solutions that involve more than one algorithm. This is motivated by the fact that many tasks require such solutions. This problem is non-trivial, as the number of possible workflows (and their configurations) can be rather large. This chapter discusses various methods that can be used to restrict the design options and thus reduce the size of the configuration space. These include, for instance, ontologies and context-free grammars. Each of these formalisms has its merits and shortcomings. Many platforms have resorted to planning systems that use operators. These can be designed to be in accordance with the given ontologies or grammars. As the search space may be rather large, it is important to leverage prior experience. This topic is addressed in one of the sections, which discusses rankings of plans that have proved to be useful in the past. The workflows/pipelines that have proved successful in the past can be retrieved and used as plans in future tasks. Thus, it is possible to exploit both planning and metalearning.
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Sun, Xudong, Jiali Lin, and Bernd Bischl. "ReinBo: Machine Learning Pipeline Conditional Hierarchy Search and Configuration with Bayesian Optimization Embedded Reinforcement Learning." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 68–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43823-4_7.
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Mo, Fan, Jack C. Chaplin, David Sanderson, Hamood Ur Rehman, Fabio Marco Monetti, Antonio Maffei, and Svetan Ratchev. "A Framework for Manufacturing System Reconfiguration Based on Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twin." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 361–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18326-3_35.
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AbstractThe application of digital twins and artificial intelligence to manufacturing has shown potential in improving system resilience, responsiveness, and productivity. Traditional digital twin approaches are generally applied to single, static systems to enhance a specific process. This paper proposes a framework that applies digital twins and artificial intelligence to manufacturing system reconfiguration, i.e., the layout, process parameters, and operation time of multiple assets, to enable system decision making based on varying demands from the customer or market. A digital twin environment has been developed to simulate the manufacturing process with multiple industrial robots performing various tasks. A data pipeline is built in the digital twin with an API (application programming interface) to enable the integration of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence methods are used to optimise the digital twin environment and improve system decision-making. Finally, a multi-agent program approach shows the communication and negotiation status between different agents to determine the optimal configuration for a manufacturing system to solve varying problems. Compared with previous research, this framework combines distributed intelligence, artificial intelligence for decision making, and production line optimisation that can be widely applied in modern reactive manufacturing applications.
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Chaudhary, Hafiz Ahmad Awais, Ivan Guevara, Jobish John, Amandeep Singh, Tiziana Margaria, and Dirk Pesch. "Low-Code Internet of Things Application Development for Edge Analytics." In Internet of Things. IoT through a Multi-disciplinary Perspective, 293–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18872-5_17.
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AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) applications combined with edge analytics are increasingly developed and deployed across a wide range of industries by engineers who are non-expert software developers. In order to enable them to build such IoT applications, we apply low-code technologies in this case study based on Model Driven Development. We use two different frameworks: DIME for the application design and implementation of IoT and edge aspects as well as analytics in R, and Pyrus for data analytics in Python, demonstrating how such engineers can build innovative IoT applications without having the full coding expertise. With this approach, we develop an application that connects a range of heterogeneous technologies: sensors through the EdgeX middleware platform with data analytics and web based configuration applications. The connection to data analytics pipelines can provide various kinds of information to the application users. Our innovative development approach has the potential to simplify the development and deployment of such applications in industry.
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Elkelany, Amany, Robert Ross, and Susan Mckeever. "WiFi-Based Human Activity Recognition Using Attention-Based BiLSTM." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 121–33. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26438-2_10.
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AbstractRecently, significant efforts have been made to explore human activity recognition (HAR) techniques that use information gathered by existing indoor wireless infrastructures through WiFi signals without demanding the monitored subject to carry a dedicated device. The key intuition is that different activities introduce different multi-paths in WiFi signals and generate different patterns in the time series of channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we propose and evaluate a full pipeline for a CSI-based human activity recognition framework for 12 activities in three different spatial environments using two deep learning models: ABiLSTM and CNN-ABiLSTM. Evaluation experiments have demonstrated that the proposed models outperform state-of-the-art models. Also, the experiments show that the proposed models can be applied to other environments with different configurations, albeit with some caveats. The proposed ABiLSTM model achieves an overall accuracy of 94.03%, 91.96%, and 92.59% across the 3 target environments. While the proposed CNN-ABiLSTM model reaches an accuracy of 98.54%, 94.25% and 95.09% across those same environments.
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Habekost, Jan-Gerrit, Erik Strahl, Philipp Allgeuer, Matthias Kerzel, and Stefan Wermter. "CycleIK: Neuro-inspired Inverse Kinematics." In Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2023, 457–70. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44207-0_38.
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AbstractThe paper introduces CycleIK, a neuro-robotic approach that wraps two novel neuro-inspired methods for the inverse kinematics (IK) task—a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and a Multi-Layer Perceptron architecture. These methods can be used in a standalone fashion, but we also show how embedding these into a hybrid neuro-genetic IK pipeline allows for further optimization via sequential least-squares programming (SLSQP) or a genetic algorithm (GA). The models are trained and tested on dense datasets that were collected from random robot configurations of the new Neuro-Inspired COLlaborator (NICOL), a semi-humanoid robot with two redundant 8-DoF manipulators. We utilize the weighted multi-objective function from the state-of-the-art BioIK method to support the training process and our hybrid neuro-genetic architecture. We show that the neural models can compete with state-of-the-art IK approaches, which allows for deployment directly to robotic hardware. Additionally, it is shown that the incorporation of the genetic algorithm improves the precision while simultaneously reducing the overall runtime.
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Sunwoo, Myoungho, Subramaniam Ganesan, and Ka C. Cheok. "A Configuration of Parallel Pipelined Processing with DSP-Based Controller for High-Order Linear Systems." In CAD/CAM Robotics and Factories of the Future, 339–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52320-5_56.
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Bekmirzaev, Diyorbek, Ibrakhim Mirzaev, Ruslan Kishanov, Nodirakhon Mansurova, and Shoista Sabirova. "Study of the Mass Effect of a Complex Node of UnderGround Pipelines of Orthogonal Configuration Based on Real Earthquake Records." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 371–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85236-8_34.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Configuration en pipeline"
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Dyck, Jason, Stuart Guest, Alireza Kohandehghan, and Sean Lepine. "Simulating In-Service Welding of Hot-Tap Branches to Quantify the Effect of Geometry on Level of Restraint." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78600.
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Economic and environmental incentives encourage operators to maintain pipeline operation during repair and maintenance procedures including hot-tap branch fitting installation onto pipelines. Welding onto a liquid-filled pipeline induces accelerated cooling of the weld and heat affected zone (HAZ), increasing the propensity for cracking. In-service welding codes and due diligence requires that several key factors be considered during the design of an in-service welding procedure specification for its intended purpose. The level of restraint (LoR) imposed by the geometry, material, or dimensional differences of the branch compared to the run pipe has also been shown to be a significant contributor to cracking. Finite element analysis (FEA) was utilized to investigate the geometric effects of an in-service weld procedure to approximate the LoR of hot-tap branch installation. The LoR was quantified and compared by simulating multi-pass weld sequences on two configurations: a branch-on-pipe (BoP) configuration of various dimensions and a configuration using perpendicular plates (PP) that has been used as an alternative to the branch-on-pipe configuration. The highest LoR, as measured by transverse tensile stress at the fillet weld toe, was the branch-on-pipe configuration with the largest branch wall thickness, the smallest branch diameter, the largest run pipe diameter, and the largest run pipe wall thickness. FEA modeling revealed that the PP configuration has lower LoR, thus it is not recommended to use for simulating in-service branch weld procedures.
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Gu, Yi, Qishi Wu, Mengxia Zhu, and Nageswara S. V. Rao. "Efficient pipeline configuration in distributed heterogeneous computing environments." In the twenty-seventh ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1400751.1400825.
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Mourelle, Marcio M., Marcos Queija de Siqueira, Gabriela Grisolia de Avila, and Ana Lucia F. Lima Torres. "Methodology for Analysis of Installation of a Steel Lazy Wave Riser." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0110.
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The Petroleum Industry has been looking for a configuration for large diameter steel risers, which can be used either at FPSO’s or Semi Submersible Platforms. An interesting option with a low cost increase is the lazy-wave configuration, which is obtained by the addition of buoyancy modules along a limited length of the riser, close to its touch down area. The steel lazy-wave riser is usually checked for the standard failure modes in the operational phase. The present work shows that it is also necessary in the early stages of design, to define an installation procedure in order to assure configuration feasibility, as high stresses develop at riser hog and sag areas as a function of buoyancy modules installation. Riser configuration changes during the installation process demands managing top angle, launched length and distances between the platform and the installation vessel. The limitations of the installation’s equipment have to be taken into account as well. The methodology for the riser analysis in obtaining a feasible solution is outlined. The riser analysis is performed using the Petrobras in-house computer code, ANFLEX and considers a real application scenario for study.
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Paulini, Reinaldo Machado, and Luis Fernando Gonc¸alves Pires. "Optimizing Energy in ORBEL II Oil Pipeline." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10465.
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Energy is the major operating expense in a pipeline company. There is considerable incentive to optimize energy utilization to reduce losses as much as possible. This article presents a study of the process and economic effects of substituting traditional pressure control valves by medium voltage frequency variable drives in the ORBEL II oil pipeline. Three drive configurations were chosen and their implementation costs were investigated. Pipeline flow simulation software was used to study the process effects of the drive configuration applications and to calculate the amount of energy spent using control valves and using velocity variable control systems. The differences in energy savings were quantified in financial terms using energy supply contract data and operational data. Finally, an investment analysis was carried out in respect of the energy savings and an estimation of overall implantation costs of the drives.
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Meyer, Paul A. "Design Considerations for the Use of Ultrasonic Phased Array Probes in Weld Inspection." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-199.
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Ultrasonic testing of metal welds has been in use for many years. Scanning methods using both contact and immersion methods are often used at the time of manufacture and also during periodic in-service inspection programs. But because of a variety of component configurations and potential flaw geometries it is often necessary to perform several inspections, each with a different probe configuration to assure adequate defect delegability. It is possible that a properly designed phased array probe can perform several different inspections without changing hardware thereby reducing inspection times. This presentation reviews the design and operation of ultrasonic phased array transducers and the necessary features to achieve the desired performance. Situations in which these probes have already been implemented effectively are also discussed.
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Juergensen, Birgit, Ivan Ewanicke, and Thomas Xi. "Modeling Conflicts and Batch Quality Impacts in Pipeline and Crude Oil Storage Terminal." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64531.
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The problem of identifying and forecasting potential scheduling conflicts and the impact to quality and delivery targets is a very real and complex problem. The most effective way to meet the above business objective is to develop a terminal simulation model that combines elements of a mass balance system (MBS), operational rules/procedures and operator behavioral patterns. This paper is a case study describing the approach in designing a detailed pipeline tank terminal simulation model with an objective to identify and quantify complex and possibly unresolvable operating conflicts/events occurring given a current pipeline, tank or terminal configuration and then comparing this with other configuration options. In addition, the model will be able to measure quality impacts (measured by quantifying the volume of degraded product) that results from resolving the operating conflicts for each evaluated configuration. We will demonstrate how the resultant model allows a terminal operator to effectively understand quality impacts to batches delivered through the pipeline tank terminal as a function of operational procedures and system configuration changes.
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Wike, Andrew. "The Pros and Cons of Training Simulator Configurations." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0049.
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Pipeline operator training simulators have been used in control centers for more than two decades. They present control center managers with an unparalleled opportunity to ensure their staff are properly equipped with the skills to handle normal and, perhaps more importantly, abnormal pipeline operations. In the U.S. the Operator Qualification (OQ) rule has mandated that control center staff (among others) demonstrate their skills as a prerequisite to being allowed to operate the pipeline, and as the OQ rule evolves, it seems inevitable that it will be used as a template for legislation in other countries. Simulation is cited in the OQ rule as one of the approved mechanisms for demonstrating proficiency, and is the most effective method for exposing staff to abnormal conditions in a safe, controlled environment, and pipeline operator training simulators provide that environment. How that environment is configured will directly affect: • the results that an operating company might expect by incorporating a simulator into a pipeline operator training or qualification program; • the usefulness and acceptance of the simulator; • the initial and the on-going cost of maintaining the simulator. This paper serves to illustrate the spectrum of different configurations, highlighting the pros and the cons of each. The aim is to provide a broad understanding of what goals can be satisfied by each configuration, and the relative costs of each.
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Hesar, M. "Pipeline-Seabed Interaction in Soft Clay." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51425.
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Offshore pipelines laid on the seabed in a snake configuration and transporting hydrocarbon products under high pressure/high temperature are becoming a cost effective alternative to trenching and burial. However, there appears to be a major disparity between the level of sophistication and accuracies inherent in the structural FE models used for expansion and lateral buckling analysis of pipelines, and the degree of crudity in adopting and using Coulomb friction values. This Paper reports the findings of a programme of geotechnical finite element analyses performed for a project where some 91km of 26” gas pipeline was designed to be laid in a snake configuration. The seabed soils were predominantly very soft clay. The ABAQUS/Explicit finite element program was used with an adaptive meshing technique to analyse the embedment and large lateral ploughing movements of the pipelines by a distance of several diameters. It was found that the FE model predicts the initial pipeline embedment into soil accurately and rectifies the inaccuracies inherent in published plasticity-based closed form solutions. A new non-dimensional relationship is proposed for estimating pipeline embedment in soft clays. The effect of important parameters such as the soil-pipeline interface friction, operating submerged weight and initial embedment, were all captured. Predicted cyclic lateral ploughing showed similarities to the observed response in reported model tests. The results were used in the structural FE model of the pipelines to analyse the expansion and lateral buckling problems and hence design the number and critical lay curvature of snakes as well as other important features.
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Ayton, Brent, Thomas Dessein, Alex Fraser, Mari Shironishi, Travis Sera, and Daniel Shapiro. "Probabilistic Corrosion Assessment for Natural Gas Storage Wells." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-86794.
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Abstract Regulations for gas storage wells require that operators perform initial and subsequent mechanical integrity evaluations as determined using risk assessment [1], incorporated by reference in 49 CFR 192.12 for U.S. operators [2]. As a well ages, metal loss on the casing can grow, increasing the probability of a failure from corrosion. Inspection and repair programs manage this probability by reducing uncertainty in the casing condition and repairing significant metal loss anomalies. However, performing a casing inspection involves a considerable amount of risk, which can vary depending on the well configuration [3]. The benefit of inspection and repair needs to be balanced with the inspection risk to determine the interval that minimizes the overall risk. This paper demonstrates that if detailed information about a well’s configuration, loading, and existing corrosion population is considered, a probabilistic corrosion analysis can be completed to determine a reinspection date that minimizes the overall risk of a release. A probabilistic implementation of the Level II analysis found in API 579 Fitness-For-Service is described and recommended for these assessments [4]. The deterministic version of this model is the most accurate for predicting burst pressures of casings with metal loss under a wide range of loading conditions [5]. The measurement error of inspection tools and their reporting thresholds relative to typical corrosion rates presents many challenges in calculating corrosion rates deterministically. Calculating unrealistically high growth rates and apparent negative growth rates using inspection data is common. Using the tool measurement error and the distribution of calculated growth rates across several wells, a Bayesian updating approach is described, grouping anomalies in similar environments to develop credible growth rate distributions specific to each joint on a well. This paper provides several assessments of realistic storage well configurations and corrosion populations to demonstrate how the probabilistic corrosion assessment can determine an inspection interval that minimizes the overall risk and ultimately inform integrity maintenance plans on a well-by-well basis. The examples span a wide range of well conditions to illustrate that the optimal inspection and repair program depends on each well’s configuration, loading, and existing corrosion population. The effect of a corrosion anomaly’s depth in the well and the cement quality on the expected release rate and the resulting risk is also examined.
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Haas, Michael, Henrik Witte, Gerhard Kopp, and Peter Haberl. "Phased Array Shot Scenario and Shot Sequence Optimization for Crack Detection Inline Inspection Tools." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87765.
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Abstract Ultrasonic crack detection (UC) technology is a well-established methodology to address crack-like flaws in liquid product pipelines. The UC technology is based on shear bulk waves propagating in the pipe wall. For monolithic transducers, the angle of incidence (AOI) is defined by the mechanical inclination of the transducers with respect to the internal pipe wall surface. Changes in the AOI due to the differences in acoustic properties of the different liquid products therefore require changes in the mechanical layout. Ultrasonic inspection tools based on phased arrays offer a much higher level of flexibility regarding the ultrasound characteristics (e.g., AOI, beam width, focus) compared to tools based on monolithic transducers. In particular, multiple array elements can be grouped together in so-called virtual sensors and placed with element-pitch granularity on the array. This flexibility allows to develop a shot scenario optimized for the specific requirements presented in an inspection project, e.g., challenging long seam weld geometries. However, exploiting this configuration flexibility comes with a drawback: Each configuration requires an in-depth analysis of sound propagation paths between array and pipeline wall in order to avoid spurious sound propagation that can lead to undesired crosstalk. This analysis becomes even more relevant if multiple virtual sensors must be used simultaneously to guarantee high tool inspection speed. The authors present the methodology used in the phased array inline inspection tools to enable simultaneous usage of several virtual sensors on each array and to minimize the impact of spurious sound propagation on subsequent usages of virtual sensors. In particular, the authors demonstrate the application of a model of the inspection setup / shot scenario that allows computerized optimization of possible configuration options. We outline the configuration optimization procedure and present experimental validation results from pump tests confirming that data quality and inspection speed are well aligned with customer expectations.
Reports on the topic "Configuration en pipeline"
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Author, Unknown. PR-322-05215-R02 CFD Analysis of Combined Suction Piping and Casing for Pipeline Pump-Type 12X14X19 DVS-E. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011038.
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The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the effect of suction piping configuration on the flow field at the inlet of the suction casing and at the entrance of the pump impeller plane, which is referred to as the P-Plane. The analysis is performed for a piping configuration supplied by PRCI, which is connected to the suction casing for a 12x14x19 DVS-E pump.
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Bourn. PR-015-05217-R01 High BTU Gas Effects on Performance and Emissions in a Two-Stroke Integral Engine. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010763.
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This report documents an investigation into the effects of high BTU (by volume) fuel gas on performance and emissions from a GMVH-6 two-stroke integral engine compressor operating with the OEM fuel-air curve control strategy. The high BTU fuel gas was blended to simulate imported LNG compositions with high ethane content. The testing was performed by blending pure ethane into typical pipeline natural gas to achieve ethane contents ranging from two to seventeen percent by mole. A laboratory GMVH-6 engine was tested with these various fuel blends in both pre-combustion chamber and open-chamber configurations. Three speed-load conditions were tested with the pre-combustion configuration and one additional speed-load condition was tested with the open-chamber configuration. For each configuration and operating condition, a constant NOX fuel-air curve was mapped and programmed into the engine controller. Ignition timing was set slightly retarded from optimal for each operating speed to provide margin against detonation with the high ethane content blends.
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Paidoussis, Michael. PR-593-18700-R01 Brine String Dynamics IV Deformation-Vibration in Solution Mined Caverns. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012099.
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The research described in this report is focused on the dynamics of the brine strings utilized in solution-mined caverns. In Configuration 3, fluid enters the system from the top of the brine string and exits via the annulus between the brine string and the casing. In Configuration 4 the flows are inverted. An improved analytical model for stability of the brine string in Configuration 3 has been generated, and considerably better modelling for Configuration 4 achieved. Experiments in a bench-top sized system and CFD work were pursued partly to further improve the analytical models, and partly to explain some unexpected observations from a full-scale cavern, reported by Reitze in 2019. Note: Phase IV of this research was funded jointly by the Solution Mining Research Institute (SMRI) and Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI), and SMRI has published this same report with some formatting differences.
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Perkey, David, David Yearwood, Brian McFall, Brian Harris, Christopher Hardy, Timothy Welp, Adrienne Eckstein, and Zachary Tyler. Hydraulic sorting of dredged sediment in a pipeline : an evaluation of the sediment distribution pipe. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48219.
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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) recently established a goal to beneficially use 70% of material dredged from the nation’s navigable waterways by the year 2030. Most of the sediments dredged by the USACE are heterogeneous mixtures of mud and sand, which can limit beneficial use of dredged material (BUDM) applications. Innovative technologies that can sort material during the dredging process are needed to help increase BUDM practices. This investigation sought to evaluate the ability of a sediment distribution pipe (SDP) to sort particles during transport in a pipeline. Field demonstrations were conducted during dredged material placements at Sturgeon Island, New Jersey. Velocity within the pipeline was found to be inadequate for efficient hydraulic sorting of fines (<75 μm) and produced inconclusive results. Small scale laboratory SDP experiments found that effluent from the SDP holes had an altered sediment texture compared to the initial slurry and that hydraulic sorting was occurring within the pipeline. However, outflow from the SDP holes was inconsistent, and typically >90% of the sediment mass was discharged out the end of the pipeline. Sorting efficiency of the SDP could not be accurately assessed in the current experimental configuration.
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Dawalibi. L51925 Detection of Anomalies in Coated Pipelines Using Long Range Ultrasonics. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010644.
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Long-range guided wave pipeline inspection is claimed to be able to inspect ranges of well over 30 meters (100 Feet) in either direction (i.e. total inspection greater than 60 Meters or 200 Ft.) from a single position. In terms of inspected meters per measurement and cost per meter this technique can be a fundamental improvement from conventional methods for pipeline inspection. For inspection of hard-to-access locations it offers a good on-stream screening alternative by being able to image the pipe section from an easier-access location. Examples of inaccessible locations are road-, railway-, river-, dike- and other crossings. Excavating the pipeline for inspection at these locations is expensive and the potential cost savings of a technique like long-range pipeline inspection are attractive. The objective of this project was to combine theory, modeling and experimental/operational elements in order to be able to handle the more complex situations as found at buried sections of pipelines, more specifically bitumen coating. Laboratory and field experiments supported by modeling and developing an approach to inspect a coated pipe configuration are parts of this work in order to get both reliable and practical knowledge. Another important part was the evaluation of the different transducer and equipment concepts available and establish their merits. In the project the propagation and reflection of guided waves was modeled and simulated for relevant situations. Two suppliers, SwRI and PiL, were involved in laboratory trials and field trials both to confirm the modeling and obtain a clear view of the practical aspects in operation and the actual capabilities of their systems. Modeling resulted in a formula providing estimates for the reflectivity of defects. Using scaling rules these were compared to data obtained in the laboratory trials.
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Baete, Christophe. PR-405-163602-R01 Evaluation of AC Corrosion Coupons for Monitoring Applications. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011593.
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Evaluates the use of AC coupons for monitoring applications. AC coupons are aimed to take decisions on whether the subjected pipeline is at AC corrosion risk and if additional mitigative measures need to be undertaken to reduce the AC induced voltage on the pipeline. As a variety of coupons exist on the market with different dimensions, configuration and shape, the AC current density response of the coupons was investigated. A market search was performed to identify the commercial available coupons. A screening of the coupons was performed by: - simulating the AC current density response in a 3D computational model; - laboratory testing of retained coupons and probes under different soil moisture conditions; - field testing of AC coupon behavior The AC current density response of a total of 20 coupons/ probes from different vendors have been simulated and ordered according to increasing average current response and local peak current at the edges. Consequently 7 coupons/probes were retained for laboratory testing in sand and clay soil with different moisture content. Finally one commercial coupon and two new designs of ER probes were installed at two different sites along a pipeline for field testing and monitoring. This document has a related webinar.
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Bowlin, Elizabeth, Puneet Agarwal, and Rhett Dotson. PR-201-153718-R02 Integrity Assessment of DTI Pipelines Using High Resolution NDE. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011480.
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This is a new revision of the Year 2 work. The NDE-3-2 project seeks to advance the state of the art for integrity assessment of difficult to inspect pipelines by proposing guidance for application of alternate inspection approaches other than hydrostatic test, in-line inspection and ECDA/ICDA currently prescribed by Code and Regulations. The hydrostatic test and in-line inspection methods for integrity assessment have in common the concept that the full length of the pipeline is assessed. Many pipelines exhibit configuration and operational issues that preclude integrity assessment by the prescribed methods. The ECDA/ICDA structured processes employ evaluation of protective barriers followed by deployment of a small sample of high resolution wall thickness measurements. The NDE-3-2 study proposes a new structured process that evaluates low resolution NDE data of the pipe wall for the full length of the pipeline followed by statistically significant numbers of high resolution wall thickness measurements to predict the condition of the pipeline relative to the fitness for service criterion of corroded pipe such as prescribed in ASME B31G. While conventional ILI inspections or hydrotest rely on full coverage as the basis for evaluating the integrity of a pipeline segment, this structured process would seek to use partial inspections at discrete locations and then use Extreme Value Analysis to estimate the integrity of pipeline segments. The objective is not to provide guidance to replace ILI or hydrostatic testing but rather to offer an alternative for the purposes of gathering data to justify the safe prioritization of piggability conversion or pipeline replacement of difficult to inspect pipelines for both onshore and subsea. This report documents the current state-of-the-art for corrosion location NDE, selection models, and Extreme Value Analysis (EVA) Methodologies for deployment in a structured process as an Alternative to In-Line Inspection of difficult to inspect pipelines. The research on NDE screening technologies addressed in this report reviews technologies identified in the Year 1 work that can be used to screen the condition of pipe wall along its full length as well as existing location selection models such as employed by Direct Assessment Methodologies. This report leverages extensive research that has been conducted on existing Extreme Value Analysis Methodologies from multiple sources and applications including metal corrosion (HOIS, HSE), pipeline corrosion, metocean criteria, wind loading, and multiple textbooks. Multiple case studies are summarized in this report that demonstrate the use of the Partial Inspection Integrity Assessment process utilizing EVA on segments of a pipeline compared to results from full length integrity assessments (either ILI or hydrotest). This report also documents a full Extreme Value Analysis using a demonstration case study and then compares the EVA results with the wall thickness measurements from a full length integrity assessment as a validation example. Ultimately, it is the goal of NDE-3-2 to identify more case studies that might serve as demonstrations. The report also identifies gaps that currently exist and the work that must be completed to develop a complete validated structured process required to deploy the technologies for integrity assessment of difficult to inspect pipelines. The research also aims to compare predictions of remaining life using statistical approaches applied to the partial inspection data with remaining life obtained from conventional integrity assessment using ILI or hydrostatic test.
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Nestleroth. L52298 Augmenting MFL Tools With Sensors that Assess Coating Condition. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010396.
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External coatings are routinely used to protect transmission pipelines from corrosion; however, coatings may degrade or disbond over time enabling corrosion to occur. Transmission pipeline operators often use magnetic flux leakage (MFL) in-line inspection tools to detect metal loss corrosion defects. Rather than finding the cause of a problem, failure of the coating within a corrosive environment, MFL corrosion surveys only find the result of the problem, corrosion defects that may permanently alter the pressure carrying capacity of the pipeline. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) can be detected using in-line inspection (ILI) technology, but the availability of tools is limited and the cost of inspection is high compared to MFL inspection. SCC almost always occurs at coating faults; direct coating assessment could indicate future problems that could degrade the serviceability of the pipeline. In this project, a new sensor was developed to assess external coating that could work with currently available ILI tools for minimal additional cost to perform the inspection. The sensors, electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs), generate ultrasonic waves that are guided by the pipe material around the circumference of the pipe. The coating material and adherence can influence the propagation of the ultrasonic waves; changes in ultrasonic signal features were attributed to coating faults. This development used modeling and experiments to establish a more optimal configuration for coating assessment. A multiple feature approach was used. A commonly used feature, signal amplitude, provided good sensitivity to coating condition but was influenced by inspection variables. One unique feature identified in this development is arrival time of the ultrasonic wave. For the wave type and frequency selected, the wave velocity was different for bare and coated pipe. Therefore, disbonded or missing coating can be detected by monitoring arrival time of the ultrasonic wave, a feature that is amplitude independent. Another feature for assessing coating, absorption of selective frequencies, was also demonstrated. Coating assessment capability was experimentally demonstrated using a prototype EMAT ILI tool. All three detection features were shown to perform well in an ILI environment as demonstrated at Battelle"s Pipeline Simulation Facility and BJ Inspection Services pull rigs. Improvement to the prototype occurred between each test; the most significant improvement was the design and construction of a novel set of thick-trace transmitting and receiving Printed Circuit Board (PCB) EMAT coils. Implementation variables such as moisture and soil loading were shown to have a minimal influence on results.
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Beavers. L51700 Damage Assessment Tool. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010604.
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This report documents the requirements and possible configurations of a tool or system to inspect and assess the repairability of a damaged submerged pipeline. This work was done in conjunction with research to develop a diverless repair clamp for repairing small leaks in deep water pipelines.
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Baete, Christophe. PR-405-163600-R01 Assessing High Voltage DC Interference Risks on Buried Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011566.
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This report refers to the activities performed in the frame of PRCI project on the evaluation of interference risk from high voltage power lines (HVDC) on buried pipelines. There exist different types of HVDC systems and configurations and only some of them may affect pipeline corrosion and safety. First, a literature study was performed to identify the various HVDC system configurations and operational conditions, to define the corrosion and safety threats on pipelines and the parameters influencing the interference level. Next, simulations were performed to understand how the operational conditions of the HVDC system, the pipeline properties, the cathodic protection settings and the soil conditions determine the magnitude of DC stray current corrosion and voltage induced safety risk. Lastly, industrial cases were simulated and mitigative measures were proposed. Guidelines are proposed for estimating the risk associated with HVDC lines. This report has a related webinar.