Journal articles on the topic 'Conductus History and criticism'
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1
Kaluher, Anna, and Olga Balashova. ""Criticism is about creating timeless acoustics": an interview with art historian Olga Balashova." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 2 (2020): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2020.2.09.
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Olga Balashova - art historian, kmbs and KAMA lecturer, art critic, deputy director for the development of the National Art Museum of Ukraine (NAMU) in 2017-2020. The interview was recorded in February 2020 by assistant professor Anna Kaluger (Chair of Art History, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv). This interview was conducted as part of the Ph.D. research "The structure of art criticism in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXI century." The discussion will focus on the definition of art criticism in the Ukrainian art context and its disciplinary boundaries. Olga Balashova talks about her career path as art historian and critic, determining for her theoretical influences, the school of art history at NAOMA, and her research priorities within the study of the history of criticism. Part of the interview focuses on the methods of teaching criticism in the humanities in the context of the internetization of criticism and the loss of its usual disciplinary basis - the history of art. It will also discuss the genre classification of criticism at the level of objects of study, in particular: the portrait of the artist, curatorial strategy, or phenomenological study of artistic events. The final part of the interview focuses on options for constructing the history of criticism in Ukraine: both the history of resources and the history of authors, the history of interpretations, and the history of methodological approaches.
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Huang, Kuan-yun. "XUNZI'S CRITICISM OF ZISI—NEW PERSPECTIVES." Early China 37 (July 24, 2014): 291–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eac.2014.3.
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AbstractThis study considers Xunzi's criticism of Zisi, Confucius' grandson, providing a detailed analysis of some of the most famous but also difficult passages in the Xunzi. By drawing on the newly excavated text, “Wuxing” (The five conducts), the study shows that not only did Xunzi have an intimate knowledge of Zisi's teachings, but in fact he had available to him a certain version of the “Wuxing.” This understanding makes it possible to evaluate Xunzi's role as a reporter of Zisi's teachings, and to the extent that Xunzi reported these teachings fairly and accurately, the study offers specific suggestions for reimagining a period that has been little understood in Early Chinese intellectual history, or the transition from Confucius to Mencius.
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Hart, Lain. "Authentic recreation: living history and leisure." Museum and Society 5, no. 2 (April 10, 2015): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v5i2.99.
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This essay considers a postmodern interpretation of the concept of authenticity and a criticism of that interpretation advanced from an ethnographic perspective. The author shows how these theoretical issues arise at American Civil War re-enactments by describing the ways by which the re-enactment community establishes authentic appearances at Civil War performances. The essay then considers the commercial activity conducted at Civil War events, and concludes by speaking to the question, posed by the postmodernists, as to whether it is possible to represent the past authentically.
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Azizah, Imamah Fikriyati, Dwi Susanto, and Istadiyantha Istadiyantha. "The Existence of Universal Humanism in The Reform Era of Indonesian Literary Criticism." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 11 (July 20, 2021): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i11.2797.
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The aesthetic of universal humanism is a cultural production of power struggles in the arena of Indonesian literary criticism. The agent who played an important role in achieving universal humanism was the Cultural Manifest (Manikebu), which extended into the Jakarta Arts Council (JAC). This study highlights the reality of literary criticism in the reform era, without undermining the aesthetic history of universal humanism as a medium or discourse echoed by the Cultural Manifest group and succeeded after the collapse of the Old Order. JAC as an agent currently controls the arena of Indonesian literary criticism seeking to cultivate economic, social, cultural, and symbolic capital. These capitals are used as a tool in carrying out the practice of symbolic violence in the arena of literary criticism. This then it establishes a habitus which aimed at enacting the aesthetic standards of universal humanism literary criticism. The habitus space is seen through the contest and literary criticism class conducted by JAC. The contest initiates enactment on parties involved, both the contestant jury and/or supporters of JAC's literary criticism class, as well as participants who take part in the literary criticism contest.
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Koval, Sofya V. "The History and Foundations of Criticism of H.L.A. Hart’s Legal Positivism in R. Dworkin’s Philosophy of Law." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 62, no. 7 (October 10, 2019): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2019-62-7-124-142.
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The paper discusses the Anglo-American philosophy of law of the 20th century, more specifically the philosophy of law of Ronald Myles Dworkin and his criticism of the legal positivism of Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart. The author presents the history of the criticism of legal positivism in Ronald Dworkin’s philosophy of law and distinguishes historical stages. The subject of the study is the critique of legal positivism but not the Hart-Dworkin debate itself, well known in Western philosophy of law. The reason is that the discussion was conducted between Dworkin and Hart’s supporters but not between Dworkin and Hart by himself. The latter responded to the criticism only after twenty seven years. The article explains why Dworkin chose for his criticism Herbert Hart’s version of legal positivism. This is due to the fact that Dworkin highly appreciated Hart’s positivist theory of law and characterized it as the “most clear.” The article presents the methodological foundations of criticism of Hart’s legal positivism in Dworkin’s philosophy of law. It reveals a methodological divergence between the two legal theories, which directly affects the understanding of the concept of law and its content. Therefore, we can assume that the legal theories of Hart and Dworkin are two competing models of law: Dworkin’s model considers law as a set of rules and principles and Hart’s model acknowledges only rules and court decisions as a source of law. The article also presents the key principles of positivism criticized by Dworkin. These principles, firstly, interpret law as a set of legal rules determined through a special legal criterion, secondly, provide the judge with an opportunity to make a decision “at his own discretion” in a situation not regulated by law, and, thirdly, recognize only legal rights and obligations enshrined in legal regulations. It is important to note that in this article the author describes criticism as an independent phenomenon of legal philosophy with a particular focus on the history and foundations of this phenomenon.
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Talibova, Aygun Nofer. "THE PERSONALITY OF THE ARTIST AND CRITIC IN THE LITERARY PROCESS AND LITERARY CRITICISM OF AZERBAIJAN IN THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 54, no. 5 (December 27, 2022): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5414.
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The purpose of the article is to determine the role of Azerbaijani criticism in the literary process of the period of independence, the personality of the writer, critic and creative process, the value of the work in the current literary process, by taking into account the reader`s taste, the possibility of evaluating the artistic and philosophical essence of the work in the context of the period and time, Methodology and methods used: This topic was investigated by methods based on the philosophy of Azerbaijanism, the ideology of independence. In the course of the analysis and research, theoretical and comparative studies were conducted in the context of a comparative historical method that has withstood the test of literary and theoretical thought since the XIX century, national and moral requirements of the history of independence were taken into account. The article extensively analyzes how important the role of the personalities of the critic, writer, and artist is in the literary process. The main scientific innovation put forward: To study the direction, typology of literary criticism of the period of independence means not only to study the literary heritage in the sphere, categories and thinking of criticism, but, if we approach it in a broad sense, to reveal the history of the people, era, socio-political thought, the history of philosophical thinking. The article examines the literary criticism of the period of independence in unity with the history of socio-political, philosophical thought of the Azerbaijani people.
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Andreas, Joel, and Yige Dong. "The Brief, Tumultuous History of “Big Democracy” in China’s Factories." Modern China 44, no. 5 (March 22, 2018): 455–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700418763834.
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This article compares two fateful experiments conducted during the Mao era in China that encouraged freewheeling criticism of Communist cadres: the 1957 Party Rectification campaign and the early upheavals of the Cultural Revolution (1966–1968). Through a content analysis of articles published in the Chinese Communist Party’s flagship newspaper, People’s Daily, we first show that the two movements shared characteristics that made them very similar to each other and remarkably different from all other mass campaigns carried out during the Mao era. We then analyze the differences between the two movements—and their consequences—by investigating how they unfolded in factories, based mainly on interviews with workers and party cadres. We argue that key elements of the strategy Mao pursued during the Cultural Revolution were developed in response to the unmitigated failure of the 1957 campaign and these elements fostered a movement more capable of compelling Communist cadres to face criticism from below. In comparing the two movements, we highlight the evolution of the term “big democracy,” which was uniquely associated with these two episodes, but was deployed very differently in 1966 than it was in 1957.
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HEIN, LAURA, and AKIKO TAKENAKA. "Exhibiting World War II in Japan and the United States since 1995." Pacific Historical Review 76, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 61–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2007.76.1.61.
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Museum professionals, like most people, dislike being the focus of criticism, yet many have recently found themselves in this predicament over exhibits focusing on the histories of major social confl icts. An especially tense issue for both Japanese and American museums has been treatment of World War II, particularly how to portray the motives, policies, and conduct of their own governments during the war. Curators have not always been prepared for the intense criticism and for the charge that differences of opinion are caused by a clash of irreconcilable ideologies, only one of which is valid. Japanese and American museums have deployed similar strategies-some effective, some self-defeating-for meeting those challenges. Neither has found ideal solutions, although some approaches, such as presenting multiple points of view and providing opportunities for interaction, seem to hold greater promise than others.
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Borski, George, and Michał Kokowski. "Copernicus, his Latin style and comments to Commentariolus." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 20 (September 13, 2021): 339–438. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.21.013.14044.
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A methodology of historical or higher criticism and of stylometry/stylochronometry known from Biblical and literary studies is applied to the examination of Nicolaus Copernicus’s writings. In particular, his early work Commentariolus is compared at the level of the Latin language with his later ones (Meditata, Letter against Werner and De revolutionibus) as well as the texts of some other authors. A number of striking stylistic dissimilarities between these works have been identified and interpreted in the light of stylometry/stylochronometry, historical criticism and the history of Copernican research. The conducted research allowed to draw some plausible conclusions about the Sitz im Leben (historical context), the dating of Commentariolus and related matters.
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Kuzovova, Natalia. "SOVIET REPRESSION AGAINST REFUGEE JEWS FROM THE TERRITORY OF POLAND AND CZECH-SLOVAKIA BEFORE AND AT THE BEGINNING OF WORLD WAR II." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 9 (December 25, 2021): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112018.
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Purpose: to analyze a set of documents stored in the funds of the State Archives of Kherson region – cases of repressed refugees from Poland and Czechoslovakia in 1938-1941. Based on historiographical and source studies on this topic, to outline the general grounds for arrest and persecution of refugees by Soviet authorities and to find out why Jews – former citizens of Poland and Czechoslovakia – found themselves in the focus of repression. Research methodology. The main research methods were general and special-historical, as well as methods of archival heuristics and scientific criticism of sources. Scientific novelty. Previously unpublished documents are introduced into scientific circulation: cases of repressed refugees from Poland and Czechoslovakia, analysis of the Soviet government's policy towards Jews who tried to escape from the Nazis in the USSR and the Union Republics in southern Ukraine, including Kherson. The forms of repression applied by the NKVD to refugee Jews are analyzed, and the consequences of such a policy for the German government's policy of genocide in the occupied territories are examined. Conclusions. The study found that the formal reason for the persecution of Jewish refugees was the illegal crossing of the border with the USSR, since the Soviet Union, like many countries in the world, refused to accept Jews fleeing the Nazi persecution. The Soviet government motivated this by the fact that refugee Jews spread mood of defeat and panic, spied for Germany, Britain, and Poland, had anti-Soviet views, and conducted anti-Soviet campaigning. As a result of the arrests and deportations of Jewish refugees, the Jewish population, particularly in southern Ukraine, was unaware of the persecution of Jews in lands occupied by Nazi Germany. In fact, the Jewish refugees sent to the concentration camps, along with the Germans of Ukraine and the Volga region, were the only groups of people thus "evacuated" by the Soviet authorities on ethnic grounds. However, due to the enemy's rapid offensive, refugees who did not fall into the hands of the NKVD shared the tragic fate of Ukrainian Jews during the Holocaust.
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Darbasova, Svetlana Dmitrievna, and Sargylana Ivanovna Egorova. "The works of A. E. Kulakovsky in the assessment of Yakut literary criticism of the 1920s." Litera, no. 1 (January 2021): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.1.34766.
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This research examines critical reviews of 1920s dedicated to the analysis of literary works of the founder of Yakut literature A. E. Kulakovsky on the basis of historical-culturological approach. Previously undiscovered materials of the periodical press of that time alongside systematization of the analyzed material of literary criticism reveals the perception of literary works of the poet by the critics and writers of the incipient Yakut literature. An attempt the critical analysis of the material is conducted in the context of the impact of epoch, mentality of Sakha people, and prevalent ideology upon the criticism of literary works. The opinions in the works of critics and writers are dictated by the cultural-historical and sociopolitical situation in the country, when young Yakut literary criticism embarks on a contradictory path of transition from the field of literary studies to political struggle. The relevance of the topic is defined by insufficiency of research dedicated to the assessment of criticism of the period of establishment of Yakut literature, namely the works of A. E. Kulakovsky. The article presents the previously unpublished critical reviews, as well as the articles that were not included in the biobibliographic index of A. E. Kulakovsky. Research in this field complement the materials on the history of development of Yakut literary criticism in the context of studying artistic and scientific heritage of A. E. Kulakovsky.
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Huizenga, Leroy Andrew. "The Confession of Jesus and the Curses of Peter." Novum Testamentum 53, no. 3 (2011): 244–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853611x563451.
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AbstractJoel Marcus has recently revived the view that the longer reading of Jesus’ words in Mark 14:62 (σ επας τι γ εµι) is original, for the shorter reading (γ εµι) threatens Markan priority, given Jesus’ enigmatic, ambivalent response in Matt 26:64 (σ επας). Marcus and all other commentators have conducted the debate on traditional text-critical and redaction-critical grounds. Employing a disciplined and historical approach to narrative criticism, this article (1) contends on narrative and Christological grounds that the shorter reading of Jesus’ words in Mark 14:62 is original; and (2) explores how narrative criticism contributes to textual criticism.
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Mykhalchuk, R. "GENOCIDE OF THE JEWS OF WESTERN VOLYN ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOWN MIZOCH IN 1942." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 11 (December 1, 2022): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112039.
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The purpose of the researchs is to analyze the Nazi policy of the Holocaust using the example of the Volyn town of Mizoch. On the basis of historiographic and source studies, recreate the process of «solving the Jewish question», in particular, the action of October 13–14, 1942. The methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The research was carried out thanks to general scientific and special-historical methods. The methods of scientific criticism and archival heuristics are applied. Special attention is paid to the method of oral history. Scientific novelty. On the basis of a wide range of sources, the process of the killing of Jews in Mizoch in 1942 is analyzed, and an assessment of the debatable nature of the topic of the number of victims is given. The research is based on the analysis of archival data (Ukrainian, foreign) and the interview of Holocaust witnesses conducted by the author himself. Most of these sources were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Conclusions. The implementation of the Holocaust in Mizoch was carried out by the method of killing Jews during the 1942 action («Holocaust by bullets»). In addition, Jews were killed during pogroms, in prisons, in ghettos and other locations; organized a hunt for those who were hiding. Members of the Ukrainian police involved in the «solution of the Jewish question» primarily performed auxiliary functions, but they shot the victims when they tried to escape. There are diferent datas on the number of Jews killed in Mizoch, but the more likely quantitative indicators are 1,700–2,300 Jews killed in October 1942. Among them, about 200 people died in the ghetto during the uprising and fire. The ghetto inmates tried to resist. Forms of physical resistance to the occupiers appeared both at the individual and group level. Jews escaped during the killing campaign, and in the ghetto they tried to organize an uprising. The behavior of local non-Jewish residents towards the victims of the Holocaust varied (from helpfulness to indifference). In some cases, they hid and saved them, in others they were assistants of the occupiers and accomplices of criminals.
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Born, Gary. "The 1933 Directives on Arbitration of the German Reich: Echoes of the Past?" Journal of International Arbitration 38, Issue 4 (July 1, 2021): 417–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2021022.
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In 1933, the National Socialist government of the German Reich issued a collection of directives regarding the use of arbitration to resolve disputes, focused specifically on disputes between the Reich and private parties. The 1933 Directives made a number of general criticisms of the arbitral process as a means of adjudication, and relied upon these criticisms to significantly restrict the use of arbitration to resolve disputes with German state entities. The Reich Directives provide a neglected, but instructive, historical perspective on arbitration law and practice in Germany, both in the 1930s and before. At the same time, parts of the 1933 Directives also have unmistakable parallels to current debates about investor-state and commercial arbitration. Among other things, the Directives contain recommendations regarding the drafting of arbitration agreements and the conduct of arbitral proceedings which, while in some areas out-dated, could in other respects be mistaken for current discussions regarding best practices in international commercial and investment arbitration. More importantly, the Directives’ criticisms of the arbitral process, and the National Socialists’ rationales for those criticisms, have striking analogues to aspects of contemporary debates about investment arbitration and proposals to abandon or restrict investment arbitration. Those parallels raise important, if uncomfortable, questions about these contemporary critiques and proposals for reform. investor-state, arbitration, ISDS, criticism, Achmea, directives, Germany, National Socialism, history
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Obad, Orlanda. "Lessons from Europe’s antechamber for Balkanist criticism (and its critics)." Filozofija i drustvo 24, no. 1 (2013): 458–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1301458o.
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The author is using a series of examples from her three-year research on social perception of the European Union in Croatia in order to pose several critical questions regarding the current application of the Balkanist criticism in the region and beyond. The research was conducted with three groups of interviewees who were, in different ways, related to the EU. Various notions of Europe and the Balkans, which appeared throughout these interviews, differed from the predominant discourse of the 1990s. The article also indicates the decline of the importance of symbolic geography in the interpretation of notions associated with the EU. In the questioning of metatheoretical level, the author suggests several new paths of research in Balkanist and other, closely related fields of study: admitting the importance of economy, which has been, in the past twenty years, secondary to the examination of questions related to culture and history, and also the production and flow of knowledge. In conclusion, the author proposes examining the approaches which would also enable the inclusion of the enriching, non-repressive and useful encounters between the center and periphery.
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Kolesnik, Maria A. "«SEVERE STYLE» IN SOVIET PAINTING IN THE 1950S-1960S." SIBERIAN ART HISTORY JOURNAL 1, no. 2 (2022): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31804/2782-4926-2022-1-2-08-22.
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The article presents a general description of such a phenomenon in the Soviet fine arts as «severe style», explains its naming through a description of the history of its appearance in art criticism articles in relation to the works of some Soviet artists, among which are the Smolin brothers, Viktor Popkov, Geliy Korzhev, Pavel Nikonov , Nikolai Andronov. The paintings of these authors were selected as representatives of the «severe style» in order to conduct a philosophical and art history analysis, the results of which made it possible to draw conclusions about the essential characteristics of artistic images within this trend in art.
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Ginio, Ruth. "Investigating the Investigators." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 46, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2020.460204.
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Three cases of re-opened murder investigations in French West Africa are at the heart of this article. My aim is to examine these cases as a lens into everyday colonial policing that was not directly linked to major anti-colonial protests. All three inquiries into low-ranking colonial officers and the way they conducted their investigations took place during the 1930s, in Mauritania, Senegal, and Dahomey. While their circumstances were different, the cases reflect the flawed and unprofessional character of colonial investigations. They also demonstrate that murder investigations—as well as criticism of them—were powered by two crucial French colonial notions: the maintenance of public order and the ideology of the civilizing mission.
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Sugiyarto and Agustinus Supriyono. "Traditional and Feodal Agricultural Ecology: Land System in the Islamic Kingdom of Mataram." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 07082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207082.
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This article discusses apanage land belonging to village heads, which is a legacy of the land system in the era of pre-colonial Surakarta and Yogyakarta kingdoms or what is termed as as Vorstenlanden. As the aim was to find out how the feudal and nobility system in Java, which in the colonial era was very vulnerable to intervention and politics of splitting or fighting. To answer this question, a study will be conducted on the history of the Islamic Mataram kingdom until the era of Surakarta and Yogyakarta, en focusing on analysis of the apanage and nobility systems. The method used is a historical method which consists of four steps, namely, heuristics (activities to search for and collect historical sources), textual criticism (testing and assessing the authenticity of historical sources both in form and content), interpretation (interpreting historical facts obtained through text criticism) and historiography, namely presenting research results in the form of articles.
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Mathur, Saloni. "Ends and Means: A Conversation with Geeta Kapur." October 171 (March 2020): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00380.
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This interview with New Delhi–based critic and curator Geeta Kapur was conducted by Saloni Mathur, a professor of art history at UCLA. In their dialogue, Kapur reflects on her five-decade long career and speaks on a wide range of topics, including the rise of authoritarianism in India and around the world, the status of “third-world” and postcolonial criticism, the internationalism of Okwui Enwezor, and the challenges to the Euro-American canon presented by critical engagements with modern and contemporary art.
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Forkl, Hermann. "Publish or Perish, or How to Write a Social History of the Wàndala (Northern Cameroon)." History in Africa 17 (January 1990): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171807.
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It has been in the tradition of this journal to elaborate a methodological apparatus to scrutinize the evidence of older written sources on African history. However, for various reasons, we tend to apply a different standard to recent sources, apparently considering them reliable per se because they developed in the same enlightened context of Western intellectual life as our own. Book reviews, nearly the only refuge for Western self criticism, sometimes cannot achieve it, as I will show.The source on which I would like to comment is a dissertation completed at Boston University in 1984. It is based on oral traditions and for this reason, strictly speaking, a written source itself, apart from a number of published as well as archival sources, whose way of quotation will be re-examined below at first. The interviews were conducted by the author in 1974/75 (Morrissey 1984:225) with north Cameroonian Wandala and Shuwa Arab informants, some of whom I became acquainted with during my own fieldwork in 1984.1 would argue, though, that the following comments are not solely of interest to scholars specializing in northern Cameroon.It might seem to some rather heavy-handed to criticize so closely a doctoral dissertation, but American dissertations are freely available to interested parties in both photocopy and microfilm. As a result they are commonly cited in other works in much the same way as more formally published studies. This being the case, it seems reasonable to submit them to the same scrutiny as any other work in the public domain. I should point out that I conducted my own fieldwork in ignorance of Morrissey's work, becoming aware of the latter only after my return from the field in 1984.
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Woolley, Nathan. "Negotiating Dynastic Divide: The Textual Life of a Southern Tang Official Under the Song." T’oung Pao 108, no. 1-2 (March 31, 2022): 126–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10801008.
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Abstract China’s period of disunion in the tenth century posed moral challenges to individuals navigating the complex and unstable political situation. Later historians exploited the ambiguities of these challenges in giving their own assessments of those times, resulting in a complex array of assertions on matters pertaining to the Southern Tang. Appraisal of the character of the official Xu Xuan includes criticism around his work on the history of the Southern Tang and his meetings with the Song emperor Taizu. Accounts of Xu Xuan’s conduct evolved in meaning over time as existing material found its way into new compilations and contexts. Tracing the course of these changes reveals how the history of the Southern Tang served the varying purposes of Song writers.
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Grawe, Lukas. "The Prusso-German General Staff and the Herero Genocide." Central European History 52, no. 4 (December 2019): 588–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938919000888.
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AbstractHistorians have examined the Herero genocide in German South West Africa extensively. The role of the Prusso-German general staff has received only rudimentary treatment, however. The following study focuses on the actions of this institution and its chief. Evidence indicates that initially and with varying degrees of success the general staff was heavily involved in German military actions. After the Battle of Waterberg, however, the local military commander, Lieutenant General Lothar von Trotha, fought his own war. Meanwhile, the general staff gravitated toward a different role: shielding Trotha from criticism emanating from German civilian leaders and the public. The impulse to protect sprang not only from a harmony of views about the annihilation of the Herero, but also from an urge to preserve the prestige of the German military after unexpected losses at the hands of “African savages.” In fact, the Prusso-German general staff was complicit in, if not partly responsible for, the conduct of genocidal warfare in GSWA.
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Sethi, Devika. "The Ban Formula." Indian Historical Review 45, no. 1 (June 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983618768934.
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In a colonial context, and against the backdrop of an anti-colonial movement, it is all too easy to see censorship of publications operating along racial lines and to assume that only publications by Indian authors were subject to censorship. However, non-Indian authors—former colonial officials and soldiers, journalists and missionaries—writing in English on matters concerning India commanded audiences in their home countries in addition to being read by an influential section of the Indian population. Precisely because they escaped colonial stereotyping about ‘seditious natives’, non-Indian authors’ words carried a greater illusion of neutrality and sometimes more weight. Their criticism of the colonial state or excessive approbation of nationalist leaders could less easily be dismissed as biased than that by Indians. By reconstructing the question of, and the controversy over, the possible banning of seven such books by the colonial state in the 1920s–30s, this article will question commonly held assumptions about the conduct of the censorship of publications in late colonial India.
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AHLBERG, KRISTIN L. "Building a Model Public History Program: The Office of the Historian at the U.S. Department of State." Public Historian 30, no. 2 (2008): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2008.30.2.9.
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Abstract The Office of the Historian at the U.S. Department of State, responsible for the production and publication of the Foreign Relations of the United States series, has survived hard times with respect to human and financial resources and public criticism, in the last decade of the twentieth century, to emerge as a model for the conduct of public history at the onset of the twenty-first century. The Office meets the mission of the State Department by providing policy-supportive historical studies for the Secretary of State, other State Department principals, and the White House and by engaging in an ever-expanding series of historical outreach programs aimed at new and old audiences. Serving its institutional client in this way has allowed the Office to increase its connections and find common ground not only with diplomatic historians but also with public historians and others in the larger historical profession.
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Sharkova, Iryna. "Image of Good Faith Subjects of Law in Legal Cultural History: Definition of Universal Standards." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.3.2020.08.
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The article is devoted to the problem of Good Faith Subjects` status in law. For a better understanding of the problem, image ofgood faith subjects of law in Ancient Rome was analyzed. In particular, it was found that in roman law, the term bonus pater familias(good family father) refers to a standard of good faith subjects of law. In the English version, this concept was translated as «that of aman of ordinary prudence in managing his own affairs».The concept of a gentleman in the English legal tradition is specially studied.English noun ‘gentleman’ dates back to the Old French word ‘gentilz hom’ (graceful, refined man). That was why the social ca -te gory of gentleman is considered as “the nearest, contemporary English equivalent of the noblesse of France.” (Maurice Hugh Keen).Now, a gentleman is not just any man of good and courteous conduct, but a certain person having legal personality in accordancewith the standard of common law.In conformity with the dimension of public law, the English social category of gentleman captures a right of certen classe of theBritish nobility.But in accordance with modern private law the connotation of the term gentleman corresponds to the Rome legal institute ofbonus pater familias.The double origin of this term from the status of a knight and the social position of the merchant causes a controversial interpretationsof its meaning.In contemporary usage, the word gentleman is ambiguously defined, because “to behave like a gentleman” communicates as littlepraise or as much criticism as the speaker means to imply; thus, “to spend money like a gentleman” is criticism, but “to conduct a businesslike a gentleman” is praise (Walter Alison Phillips).In modern International Trade Law a gentleman is essentially a ‘man of sense’, ‘а man of judgment’ or a reasonable person.So United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980), The UNIDROIT Principles of InternationalCommercial Contract and the Principles of European Contract Law provided a rule, which offers an opportunity for such an interpretation.‘the contract is to be interpreted according to the meaning that reasonable persons of the same kind as the parties would giveto it in the same circumstances’.It led to the conclusion that the modern image of a good faith subject to the greatest extent actualizes the criterion of commonsense.
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Salt, S. P. "Sir Simonds D'Ewes and the levying of ship money, 1635–1640." Historical Journal 37, no. 2 (June 1994): 253–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00016472.
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ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the relationship between constitutional ideas and political action during the 1630s by comparing the privately expressed ideas of Sir Simonds D'Ewes regarding ship money with his conduct regarding the levy, especially while he was sheriff of Suffolk in 1639–40. The first section investigates the constitutionalist views expressed in D'Ewes's ‘autobiography’, unpublished during his lifetime, and their relationship to D'Ewes's attitude to the political role of the levy. The second section studies D'Ewes's conduct as sheriff, in which he gave almost no expression to constitutionalist ideas, and suggests that he struck a middle course between neglect and zeal, while finding means to oppose the levy through his connections at court. The third section seeks to establish the reasons for the inconsistencies between D'Ewes's privately expressed ideas and his public conduct, which may have lain in a belief that, in the prevailing political situation, criticism of the levy had, in order to be effective, to be expressed in terms acceptable to potentially sympathetic courtiers; D'Ewes adapted the tone of his comments on ship money to his audience in order to achieve political ends, but had also to act in ways which would make that tone convincing. Participation in the collection of ship money was therefore not inconsistent with opposition to it.
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BASU, ANUP K., and MICHAEL E. DREW. "The value of tail risk hedging in defined contribution plans: what does history tell us." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 14, no. 3 (July 7, 2014): 240–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747214000225.
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AbstractHedging against tail events in equity markets has been forcefully advocated in the aftermath of recent global financial crisis. Whether this is beneficial to long horizon investors like employees enrolled in defined contribution (DC) plans, however, has been subject to criticism. We conduct historical simulation since 1928 to examine the effectiveness of active and passive tail risk hedging using out of money put options for hypothetical equity portfolios of DC plan participants with 20 years to retirement. Our findings show that the cost of tail hedging exceeds the benefits for a majority of the plan participants during the sample period. However, for a significant number of simulations, hedging result in superior outcomes relative to an unhedged position. Active tail hedging is more effective when employees confront several panic-driven periods characterized by short and sharp market swings in the equity markets over the investment horizon. Passive hedging, on the other hand, proves beneficial when they encounter an extremely rare event like the Great Depression as equity markets go into deep and prolonged decline.
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CASATI, STEFANO. "STORIE DI FOLGORI: IL DIBATTITO ITALIANO SUI CONDUTTORI ELETTRICI NEL SETTECENTO." Nuncius 13, no. 2 (1998): 493–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539198x00518.
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Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title In the second half of the Eighteenth century a heated debate on the use of the lightning conductor took place in Europe. Franklin's ingenious discovery did not gain general approval among the European philosophers and raised fears and doubts in most part of the public opinion. In Italy the use of the lightning conductor gained large acceptance although it also aroused criticism and controversies that required the intervention of famous scientists, such as G. Toaldo. M. Landriani, and F. Fontana. Thanks to their efforts and dedication the idea that science could master a powerful and destructive natural phenomenon such as lightning was finally accepted. The cultural struggle for the use of the electric bars not only contributed to the achievement of a scientific innovation, but also to a change of mentality.
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Held, Pascal. "Ibn al-Jawzī’s Critique of Sufism in Talbīs Iblīs: A Re-Examination." Studia Islamica 117, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 88–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19585705-12341440.
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Abstract This study seeks to re-examine Ibn al-Jawzī’s (d. 597/1201) censure of Sufism in his Talbīs Iblīs, a widely-known and frequently cited, but rarely carefully considered work. The article finds that Talbīs Iblīs’ chapter devoted to Sufism does indeed constitute a scathing condemnation of the Sufi tradition, which is however by no means comprehensive and requires moreover certain specifications and clarifications. For example, is Ibn al-Jawzī’s criticism mostly limited to Sufi conduct and practice, especially in public, rather than their ideas and beliefs, and likewise does he use his criticism to highlight commendable forms of piety and mysticism, revealing that he held on to a notion of pristine ascetical and mystical piety himself, which should nonetheless not be mistaken for Sufism. In any case, whether and to what degree one is able to immerse oneself in such forms of piety is according to Talbīs Iblīs to a large extent determined by one’s natural circumstances.
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Tara Wiguna, I. Gst Ngr, Ni Ketut Puji Astiti Laksmi, and Hedwi Prihatmoko. "Karakteristik Permukiman Masa Bali Kuno di Bali Utara Berdasarkan Isi Prasasti dan Kajian Toponimi." Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 11, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2021.v11.i01.p11.
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A number old Bali inscriptions provide informations about past settlements scattered in many parts of Bali, and one of those is in northern part of the island. This research aims to reconstruct cultural history through epigraphic and toponymy studies as a foundation of historiography. Data collected through literature studies and surveys and analysed through textual criticism, both external and internal, and identification of toponyms. Data synthesis was conducted by placing toponym data found in inscriptions in the context of Old Balinese History. The result of this research shows that the characteristic of Old Bali settlements in North Bali could be differentiated into two categories, i.e. coastal area settlements and mountainous area settlements. Coastal area settlements have locational patterns that follow coastal line. These settlements have important roles in trade activites. Mountainous area settlements have mountain as their orientation, and the locational patterns are adjusted according to its mountainous topography and environment, thus its locations are scattered and tend to close to plantation or agricultural area.
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Zuhriyyah, Munifatuz. "Kelompok Ludruk Cak Durasim (Ludruk Organisatie) di Surabaya Tahun 1933-1945." KAGANGA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Riset Sosial-Humaniora 1, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/kaganga.v1i2.414.
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The aim of the study was to look at the improvement of the group of Ludruk Organisatie as art performance as well as its role in the social circumstances in Surabaya. This study was a historiography study. The arrangement of historiography must be conducted through some steps of history study method such as heuristic, sources criticism, interpretation and historiography arrangement. The findings were the characteristic performed by Ludruk Organisatie such as 1) ludruk performance has no longer presented mystique elements; 2) presented nationalism symbols as the theme of the show; 3) it was presented commercially. In conclusion, the existence of ludruk was warm-welcomed by the society, especially in East Java as the entertainment as well as the heritage.
Keywords: Cak Durasim, Ludruk Organisatie, Nationalism
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Hayhurst, Lyndsay M. C., and Courtney Szto. "Corporatizating Activism Through Sport-Focused Social Justice? Investigating Nike’s Corporate Responsibility Initiatives in Sport for Development and Peace." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 40, no. 6 (August 1, 2016): 522–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723516655579.
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Inspired by assertions of “creeping commercialization” in issues of social justice, this article seeks to address the entanglement of privatization with sport for development and peace initiatives. We look specifically at Nike’s history of “social responsibility” to situate the N7 initiative, for Indigenous health, within a larger landscape of privatized social justice. Critical discourse analysis was used to unpack Nike’s annual corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. In addition, a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the #DeChief movement, which lobbies against the use of “Native” mascotry, was conducted via the social media platform, Twitter. The authors observed public criticism against Nike’s incongruous business practices in supporting Indigenous health on one hand, and financially benefitting from the sale of harmful Indigenous caricatures on the other.
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Gierszewska, Barbara Lena. "W sprawie cyfrowej historii polskiego kina." Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication 20, no. 29 (March 15, 2017): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/i.2017.29.12.
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Digita l cinema history should support the conduct of free research, encourage authors to share the results of their findings and source discoveries. The problem is that Polish digital history of cinema on one hand is very poor (still a small part of sources and theoretical, historical and critical scientifi cachievements is available on-line), on the other hand, what has already appeared, is not representative because it omits largely the work of film studying authorities. For example, on the Internet you can find the views of researchers of the younger generation about the cultural history of the cinema in Polish context, including criticism of thesis described by scientifictycoons, but these are the texts that can be read only in paper publications. It begins to be, by the scientific standards, strange, because in the history of digital cinema leading roles are played by the young researchers, but without a clash of views with the authorities. The fact that on the net there are no statements concerning the scientifi cresearch given by the greatest experts of Polish cinema, who do not want to turn into a discussion with the young ones, causes the situation in which data to the history of Polish cinema digitally available are (so far) not always satisfying either as the aspect of cognition or the source.
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Hesketh, Ian. "The Psychic Force Serialized." Aries 22, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 13–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700593-02201002.
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Abstract This article considers the way chemist William Crookes utilized the editorship of the Quarterly Journal of Science to promote the scientific importance of spirit phenomena. It explores the publishing of Crookes’s series of sensational articles that investigated the ‘Psychic Force’, a purported force of nature that Crookes discovered during experiments with the medium Daniel Dunglas Home. Crookes thus used the platform afforded to him in the journal to describe his experiments and present his evidence within the framework of an orthodox scientific discourse. While Crookes endured much criticism from certain scientific men, the serial format of his investigation meant that he was able to generate a great deal of interest. It also meant that his subsequent articles in the series could respond to critics by adjusting his experiments, overcoming perceived difficulties, and providing his readers with new and exciting details concerning his ongoing investigation as it was being conducted.
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Ahmad, Taufik. "EKS TAPOL PKI DAN KONTROL PEMERINTAH: Studi pada Komunitas Tapol PKI Moncongloe Sulawesi Selatan (1979-2003)." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 5, no. 3 (September 3, 2017): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v5i3.93.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan kontrol pemerintah dan politik resistensi tahanan politik Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) pasca pembebasan dengan mengambil kasus pada komunitas tahanan politik Moncongloe di Sulawesi Selatan. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah metode sejarah, dengan tahap; pengumpulan sumber (heuristik), kritik sumber mencakup kritik eksteren yang menyangkut otentisitas atau keabsahan sumber dan kritik interen yang menyangkut kredibilitas atau bisa tidaknya sumber dipercaya, interpretasi atau penafsiran atas data, dan yang terakhir adalah penyajian kisah sejarah atau historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasca pembebasan, persoalan komunitas tahanan politik Moncongloe tidak berakhir. Mereka dihadapkan pada kontrol pemerintah melalui perangkat konstitusi dan penjurusan negatif pada diri tahanan politik sebagai orang “tidak bersih lingkungan”. Akibatnya, melahirkan sebuah komunitas yang terpinggirkan dalam bidang sosial, politik dan ekonomi. Setelah reformasi, ruang perjuangan eks tahanan politik mulai terbuka lebar dengan berdirinya berbagai organisasi-organisasi yang memperjuangkan hak-hak mereka yang selama ini diabaikan oleh pemerintah.AbstractThis study aims to explain the control of the government and political resistance performed by post-released prisoners of Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI). This is a case study of the Moncongloe community of political prisoners in South Sulawesi. The author conducted history method, covering heuristics (collecting sources), source criticism (including external criticism concerning the authenticity or validity of sources as well as internal criticism regarding the credibility of the sources, and interpretation of the data), and historiography (the presentation the story). The results showed that the issue of Moncongloe political prisoners has not come to an end even though they have already been released. The post-released prisoners are facing the government control through the constitution and negative image on political prisoners as not having "clean environment". As a result, they are socially, politically and economically marginalized. After the reform, they had a wide opportunity to struggle because there were many organizations established to fight for the rights of those who have been ignored by the government.
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Ahmad, Taufik. "EKS TAPOL PKI DAN KONTROL PEMERINTAH: Studi pada Komunitas Tapol PKI Moncongloe Sulawesi Selatan (1979-2003)." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 5, no. 3 (September 3, 2013): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v5i3.96.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan kontrol pemerintah dan politik resistensi tahanan politik Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) pasca pembebasan dengan mengambil kasus pada komunitas tahanan politik Moncongloe di Sulawesi Selatan. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah metode sejarah, dengan tahap; pengumpulan sumber (heuristik), kritik sumber mencakup kritik eksteren yang menyangkut otentisitas atau keabsahan sumber dan kritik interen yang menyangkut kredibilitas atau bisa tidaknya sumber dipercaya, interpretasi atau penafsiran atas data, dan yang terakhir adalah penyajian kisah sejarah atau historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasca pembebasan, persoalan komunitas tahanan politik Moncongloe tidak berakhir. Mereka dihadapkan pada kontrol pemerintah melalui perangkat konstitusi dan penjurusan negatif pada diri tahanan politik sebagai orang “tidak bersih lingkungan”. Akibatnya, melahirkan sebuah komunitas yang terpinggirkan dalam bidang sosial, politik dan ekonomi. Setelah reformasi, ruang perjuangan eks tahanan politik mulai terbuka lebar dengan berdirinya berbagai organisasi-organisasi yang memperjuangkan hak-hak mereka yang selama ini diabaikan oleh pemerintah. AbstractThis study aims to explain the control of the government and political resistance performed by post-released prisoners of Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI). This is a case study of the Moncongloe community of political prisoners in South Sulawesi. The author conducted history method, covering heuristics (collecting sources), source criticism (including external criticism concerning the authenticity or validity of sources as well as internal criticism regarding the credibility of the sources, and interpretation of the data), and historiography (the presentation the story). The results showed that the issue of Moncongloe political prisoners has not come to an end even though they have already been released. The post-released prisoners are facing the government control through the constitution and negative image on political prisoners as not having "clean environment". As a result, they are socially, politically and economically marginalized. After the reform, they had a wide opportunity to struggle because there were many organizations established to fight for the rights of those who have been ignored by the government.
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Shotter, John, and John W. Lannamann. "The Situation of Social Constructionism." Theory & Psychology 12, no. 5 (October 2002): 577–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354302012005894.
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In a recent exchange in Theory & Psychology, in which (mostly Gergen's) social constructionism was the subject of some criticism, Gergen (2001a) remarked toward the end of his response, `I no longer find the tradition of argumentation a viable one.... Yet in order to sustain the dialogue, I find myself nevertheless drawn into the ritual' (p. 431). He does not, however, expand any further on this comment. Yet, as he is someone committed to the view that constructions are `social artefacts, products of historically situated interchanges among people' (Gergen, 1985, p. 267), we feel that he should. For, to the extent that he is a participant in `the Ritual' (the ritual of theory-criticism-and-debate), it is constitutive of his own identity. Indeed, there is thus something strangely paradoxical in all discussions of social constructionist theory and metatheory within the Ritual. For participant theorists still all center their talk-talk of theoretical concepts and ideas, of theoretical structures, and of how such structures might explain human conduct-within their own self-contained consciousnesses. As a consequence, although many would like to think of themselves as having moved away from a philosophy centered in the thought and ideas of individuals, such talk fails to achieve its aim. In ignoring the fact that the topics of their talk, their debates, exist only as joint achievements, they pass each other by. In this article, we explore what is entailed in re-situating social constructionism within the dialogically structured, spontaneously responsive, living events occurring between ourselves and the others and othemesses around us.
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Kim, Hyoun S., Keith S. Dobson, and David C. Hodgins. "Funding of Gambling Research: Ethical Issues, Potential Benefit and Guidelines." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 32 (May 1, 2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.32.7.
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There has been an unprecedented growth of legalized gambling opportunities in Canada over the past two decades, partly to generate revenues without raising taxes. Unfortunately, for 2-3% of the Canadian population, gambling can become disordered (i.e. develop into a gambling addiction). To help attenuate the harms and prevalence of disordered gambling, all provincial governments earmark a portion of gambling revenues for the prevention, treatment and research into disordered gambling. However, the field of gambling studies has recently come under criticism in the way research is conducted. At the forefront of the criticism is the issue of accepting funding from the gambling industry. We provide an overview of the ethical considerations, potential ethical issues, and the possible benefits of accepting such funding. The aim of the present paper is not to argue for or against accepting industry funding, but rather to delineate the potential ethical issues and benefits related to that acceptance. More importantly, we provide a summary of best practice ethical guidelines, and recommendations to guide in the ethical decision making process in accepting or declining funding from gambling industry. To this end, we use the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists as a framework in which to situate our guidelines and recommendations. Given that Canadian researchers have a long history and continue to contribute valuable knowledge in the field of gambling studies, it is of important for gambling researchers to be aware of the ethical considerations and issues related to funding from gambling industry.
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Grobe, Christopher. "The Breath of the Poem: Confessional Print/Performance circa 1959." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 127, no. 2 (March 2012): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.2.215.
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This essay offers an early chapter in the conjoined history of poetry and performance art, literary criticism and performance studies. Beginning in the mid-1950s and with increasing fervor through the 1960s, American poetry lived simultaneously in print, on vinyl, and in embodied performance. Amid this environment of multimedia publicity, an oddly private poetry emerged. The essay locates confessional poetry in the performance-rich context of its birth and interrogates not only its textual voice but also its embodied, performed breath. Focusing on early confessional work by Robert Lowell and Anne Sexton, this essay conducts side-by-side “readings” of printed poems and recorded performances and suggests that confessional refers to an intermedial, print-performance style—a particular logic for capturing personal performances in print form and for breathing performances back out of the printed page.
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Lentz, Carola. "Of Hunters, Goats and Earth-Shrines: Settlement Histories and the Politics of Oral Tradition in Northern Ghana." History in Africa 27 (January 2000): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172113.
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The present paper deals with the settlement history of a West African agricultural society, that of the Dagara in present-day northwestern Ghana and southern Burkina Faso. In it, I shall be particularly interested in the appropriation of space, which is ritually legitimized through the acquisition of earth-shrines, and in the conflict-ridden relationships between the in-migrating Dagara and the Sisala, who were already settled in their new habitat. My primary concern, however, is not to examine the Dagara's expansion strategies or the history of interethnic conflicts as such, but their working out in disputed oral traditions. Using the example of the controversial settlement history of Nandom (see map 1), I wish to show how Africans, both today and in the colonial past, have used oral traditions in order to conduct politics. I shall discuss the methodological implications that this mutual constitution of oral traditions and political interests has for the reconstruction of settlement history and examine the possibilities of a thorough criticism of sources to detect core elements of the historical settlement process and appropriation of space as well as the presentday confrontations with history.Oral traditions have played an important role in research into African history and societies. This is because in many places it was European missionaries and colonial masters who first introduced literacy and writing, and because we have only a few written sources—sometimes none at all—for the period up to the end of the nineteenth century.
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Solodkova, Olga. "The new historical politics and criticism of Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi in contemporary Indian press." Asia and Africa Today, no. 4 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750017717-0.
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To successfully modernize the country and mobilize Indian society and to eventually implement ambitious plans for economic development, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) sets itself the task of achieving national unity. The BJP in the face of its leader Narendra Modi is forced to conduct constant polemics with their main political opponent - the Indian National Congress. Having come to power in 2014, the BJP representatives use a number of management methods aimed at changing the historical memory of the peoples of India, which can be characterized as "historical politics". The authorities are trying to back up their actions to mobilize Indian society with a new historical rationale, using Hindutwa as a "new ideology". A new official version of the past is being formed, history and historical mythology are actively used to solve political problems of the present. The historical memory of society undergoes transformation and becomes an arena for the struggle against a political enemy. In the Indian press, every memorable date, every historical event becomes the basis for broad discussion and polemics with its historical predecessors and political competitors. After coming to power, Bharatiya Janata Party constantly refers to recent historical events, considering them from a certain ideological angle. This controversy, which has spilled over into the pages of the Indian press, allows us to talk about the BJP pursuing a new historical policy aimed at creating comfortable interpretations of controversial historical events for itself.
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Solodkova, Olga. "The new historical politics and criticism of Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi in contemporary Indian press." Asia and Africa Today, no. 4 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750017717-0.
Full textAbstract:
To successfully modernize the country and mobilize Indian society and to eventually implement ambitious plans for economic development, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) sets itself the task of achieving national unity. The BJP in the face of its leader Narendra Modi is forced to conduct constant polemics with their main political opponent - the Indian National Congress. Having come to power in 2014, the BJP representatives use a number of management methods aimed at changing the historical memory of the peoples of India, which can be characterized as "historical politics". The authorities are trying to back up their actions to mobilize Indian society with a new historical rationale, using Hindutwa as a "new ideology". A new official version of the past is being formed, history and historical mythology are actively used to solve political problems of the present. The historical memory of society undergoes transformation and becomes an arena for the struggle against a political enemy. In the Indian press, every memorable date, every historical event becomes the basis for broad discussion and polemics with its historical predecessors and political competitors. After coming to power, Bharatiya Janata Party constantly refers to recent historical events, considering them from a certain ideological angle. This controversy, which has spilled over into the pages of the Indian press, allows us to talk about the BJP pursuing a new historical policy aimed at creating comfortable interpretations of controversial historical events for itself.
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Muhsin Z., Mumuh, and Miftahul Falah. "Prabu Siliwangi Between History and Myth." Paramita: Historical Studies Journal 31, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v31i1.25049.
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Abstract: Prabu Siliwangi is a historical figure, not a fairy tale or a mythical figure, although his figure is loaded with mythical things. Its existence is supported by several sources, both written and oral sources. Besides, the character of Prabu Siliwangi is also supported by social facts and mental facts. Prabu Siliwangi was the ruler who brought glory to the Sunda kingdom, so it is seen as the greatest king in the history of the Sunda kingdom stood. Nevertheless, from the manuscript, Carita Parahiangan (15th century), which contains information of the rulers of the Sunda kingdom, no king of Sunda is named Prabu Siliwangi. Then, who is Prabu Siliwangi? To answer the question, a historical study was conducted by implementing a historical research method that is operationally composed of four phases, namely Heuritsik, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that Prabu Siliwangi was a historical figure-Legendary. The people in Tatar Sunda very emotionally remember the people. There are various opinions on the identification of this character. Some argue that this nickname refers only to one character, but some have the opinion of the four figures and more. From the various sources of the manuscript used in this article, the identification of Prabu Siliwangi led to Prabu Sri Baduga Maharaja (1482-1521), the ruler of the Sunda kingdom who is domiciled Pakwan Pajajaran. Abstrak: Prabu Siliwangi adalah seorang tokoh sejarah, bukan dongeng atau tokoh mitos walaupun sosoknya sarat dengan hal-hal yang bersifat mitos. Keberadaannya didukung oleh beberapa sumber, baik sumber tertulis maupun lisan. Selain itu karakter Prabu Siliwangi juga didukung oleh fakta sosial dan fakta mental. Prabu Siliwangi adalah penguasa yang membawa kejayaan kerajaan sunda, sehingga dipandang sebagai raja terbesar dalam sejarah kerajaan sunda berdiri. Namun demikian, dari naskah Carita Parahiangan (abad ke-15) yang memuat informasi tentang para penguasa kerajaan Sunda, tidak ada raja Sunda yang bernama Prabu Siliwangi. Lalu, siapakah Prabu Siliwangi? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut maka dilakukan studi sejarah dengan menerapkan metode penelitian sejarah yang secara operasional terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu heuritsik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Prabu Siliwangi adalah seorang tokoh sejarah-Legendaris. Orang-orang tersebut sangat diingat secara emosional oleh orang-orang di Tatar Sunda. Ada berbagai pendapat tentang identifikasi karakter ini. Ada yang berpendapat bahwa julukan ini hanya mengacu pada satu tokoh, tetapi ada pula yang berpendapat tentang empat tokoh dan banyak lagi. Dari berbagai sumber naskah yang digunakan dalam artikel ini, identifikasi Prabu Siliwangi mengarah pada Prabu Sri Baduga Maharaja (1482-1521), penguasa kerajaan Sunda yang berdomisili di Pakwan Pajajaran. Â
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Da Costa, Márcia Roseli, and Cássia Ferri. "Empregabilidade e formação profissional: O que acontece depois da formatura? Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas, 26(96)." education policy analysis archives 26 (July 30, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.26.2949.
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This paper discusses and analyzes current university formation, identifying its role and the principles that guide it. Taking as analytical reference the public policy guidelines for higher education, author reflections, and research conducted with 1798 graduates from 61 college courses at a University in southern Brazil, this work questions the role of the university today, in the face of its assumed responsibilities: employability and professional formation. The authors specifically direct their analysis toward the congruences and incongruences between university professional formation and the expectations of work in the job market. Still today, the university is assigned the role of active debater in discussions through creative reflection and criticism over its own formation processes, over and above the provision of quality education that allows students to think about society and about their role in the world as a subject of, and in, history.
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Zajas, Paweł. "Kołakowski made by Piper." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 63, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 591–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2018-0040.
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Summary Since the year 1960, a range of works by Polish philosopher Leszek Kołakowski have been published by Piper-Verlag. The paper analyses some so far unknown archival data that offer some insights into the circumstances of their publication. Sections 2 and 3 show how Kołakowski’s German debut (essay collection from 1960 under the title Der Mensch ohne Alternative) may have been influenced by factors that tend to shape the literary field, such as the contemporary cultural and publishing policy and the role played by the intermediaries and translators. The argument provides new insights into the history of ideas that constituted the background of the import of Polish/ East European literature to the FRG from the 1950 s on. Next (section 4), the paper addresses the question as to why the editing conducted on Kołakowski’s work had failed to initiate a more systematic transfer of Eastern European (criticism of) Marxist philosophy to the German publishing market. Moreover (section 5), an attempt is made at a closer characterisation and problematisation of the readings of some themes of Kołakowski’s works by the editor in Piper-Verlag, Hans Rößner, a German philologist and ex-SS officer. In this context, a rhetorical question as to this sort of ideological criticism is posed. Finally, the data presented in the paper bring the following issues to the fore in terms of future research directions: (1) transfer of literature/ knowledge from Poland/ Eastern Europe during the Cold War and (2) the actual part that Eastern Europe played in the “global” conflict of ideas under the label of “1968”.
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Balme, Christopher B. "Cultural Anthropology and Theatre Historiography: Notes on a Methodological Rapprochement." Theatre Survey 35, no. 1 (May 1994): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400002544.
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After a century of carefree source research conducted against the background of positivist objectivism, theatre historiography now finds itself in the throes of a methodological paradigm shift. Quite independent of its historical disciplinary affiliations, whether as an extension of literary criticism of the various national literatures or as a subsidiary of the historical sciences, theatre historiography is no longer able to resist engagement with fundamental and increasingly complex methodological debates. Particularly in North America there has been a broad discussion on the crisis of traditional, positivist theatre history. The result has been to open up theater historiography to other approaches such as semiotics and diverse theories and methodologies of a poststructuralist provenance. Despite this intensifying and often broad-ranging methodological debate there have been hitherto hardly any attempts to bring theatre history into a dialogue with historical anthropology or ethnohistory, both of which are strongly influenced by the methodologies of cultural anthropology. The deficit is all the more remarkable as these areas have ignited a veritable explosion of interest amongst historians and ethnologists which has transcended the narrow disciplinary borders of both fields of scholarship.
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Nikitin, Dmitrii. "From the history of Anglo-Indian political satire of the XIX century: "India in 1983" by T. Hart-Davis." Человек и культура, no. 5 (May 2022): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2022.5.37273.
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The subject of this article is the Anglo-Indian community - a stratum of the population of British India consisting of Englishmen born in India or permanently residing in it. In the early 1880s, the community faced a new factor in political life - the rapid development of Indian nationalism, and the community's reaction to new trends was reflected in the political satire of the period under study - in particular, in Thomas Hart-Davis's pamphlet "India in 1983" The pamphlet describes a hypothetical society of India of the future, which was freed from British rule, but proved incapable of independent existence. As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that in the early 1880s the Anglo-Indian community was a closed, isolated stratum of the population, which negatively reacted to the demands of the Indian intelligentsia to expand the rights of the indigenous population in the governance of the country. Criticism of the demands of the nascent national movement found expression in political satire, one example of which was T. Hart-Davis's pamphlet "India in 1893", which reflected the ideas of the Anglo-Indian community about the immaturity and groundlessness of the political demands of the figures of the Indian National Congress and the national movement as a whole.
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Sohail, Mohammad, Shazia Kanwal, and Nayab Rizwan. "Pre and Post Partition Socio-Economical and Educational Development in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Historical Review." Global Regional Review III, no. I (December 30, 2018): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(iii-i).28.
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This paper shows the pre and post partition socio-educational scenario of the then N.W.F.P now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives of the study were (i) to explore the pre partition history of the educational development (ii) to explore the post partition scenario of educational uplift in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (iii) to compare the pre and post partition educational developments in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected mainly from primary sources like Directorate of Archives and libraries, Peshawar and personal interviews were conducted too. For secondary sources, data was collected from books, research papers, newspapers, magazines and other published material. The data was analyzed through internal and external criticism. It was concluded from the study that education as policy matter saw no difference both in pre and post partition period. However, after the independence, the development ration ratio increased with a high momentum.
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Kadyrov, Daud. "Return to the “Foundations” of Quentin Skinner." Философская мысль, no. 6 (June 2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2020.6.33178.
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This article provides a brief analysis of the compilation “Rethinking the Foundations of Modern Political Thought”, which under the editorship of Annabel Brett and James Tully, represents an attempt to reconsider the original work of Quentin Skinner “The Foundations of Modern Political Thought”. The authors of the compilation examine such fundamental topics as the context of Q. Skinner’s “Foundations’, his “linguistic” philosophy, rhetoric, late scholastics; upon the questions on Hobbs and democracy. In conclusion, analysis is conducted on this attempt to “reconsider” the ideas and views of Skinner, as well as his response to the remarks. The goal of this article consists in examination of the main theses and criticism of the authors of the compilation. The need for such review is substantiated by the fact that the Cambridge School of Intellectual History gains more relevance for the Russian humanities. For the Russian political science, “Rethinking of the Foundations” remains an important and untranslated source for broader understanding of the Cambridge School of Intellectual History. The author of the article attempts to partially fulfill this gap.
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Muslim, Kori Lilie, and Melia Afdayeni. "UMAR BIN ABDUL AZIS: ZAMAN KEEMASAN ISLAM MASA DINASTI UMAYYAH." Islam Transformatif : Journal of Islamic Studies 3, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/it.v3i1.797.
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<p><em>The Umayyad dynasty was approximately 91 years old, with 14 leading caliphs. The reign of Umar ibn Azis was regarded as the golden age of the regime, as many of the policies he had done, and that had been prosperity for the people. Different from the governments of the other caliphs, regarded by most historians as the caliphs who made the people in misery. For this, the article aims to analyze the glory achieved by Umar ibn Azis in the reign of the Umayyad dynasty. The methods used are historical research methods, ranging from source search (heuristics) that are limited to historical books in libraries, then criticism of Sember (internal and external criticism), verification and Last is historiography. From the research conducted it can be shown that during the reign of the caliph Umar ibn Abdul Aziz who did not have a long time to print the history of the glorious civilization, both in terms of the knowledge </em>and<em> life level of society that has been able to enjoy Prosperous life is safe and peaceful. The Baitul Mal by the previous Umayyad caliphs was used as a sovereign or property that is free to be spent by the Palace families. It is different in the time of the end of the Umar because at the time of his treasure Baitul Mal made As the people's. Umar bin Abdul Aziz was also very attentive to the hadith as a source of teaching both Islamic teachings. He issued adequate funds to record the hadith to be registered and documented well and neatly and made a scientific reference in religious studies and Islamic legal studies. Not only the hadith that received attention, but the science of interpretation, history, and politics is also recorded. In terms of the expansion of the territory of Islam, very few wars in his time because in the development of Islam is more lively by using the advice that is full of wisdom so that many people enter Islam. Thus the reign of the caliphate of Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, which was the Golden age for the Umayyad dynasty.</em></p>