Journal articles: 'Conductive nanofillers'

1

Hamdi, K., Z. Aboura, W. Harizi, and K. Khellil. "Improvement of the electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer by incorporation of nanofillers and the resulting thermal and mechanical behavior." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 11 (August 30, 2017): 1495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317726588.

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This work tends to characterize the effect of carbon black nanofillers on the properties of the woven carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers. First of all, composites from nanofilled Polyamide 6 resin reinforced by carbon fibers were fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy observations were performed to localize the nanoparticles and showed that particles penetrated the fiber zone. In fact, by reaching this zone, the carbon black nanofillers create a connectivity's network between fibers, which produces an easy pathway for the electrical current. It explains the noticed improvement of the electrical conductivity of the carbon black nanofilled composites. Electrical conductivity of neat matrix composite passed from 20 to 80 S/cm by adding 8 wt% of carbon black and to 140 S/cm by adding 16 wt% of the same nanofiller. The addition of nanofillers modifies the heating and cooling laws of carbon fiber reinforced polymer: the nanofilled carbon fiber reinforced polymer with 16 wt% is the most conductive so it heats less. Based on these results, the use of the composite itself as an indicator of this mechanical state might be possible. In fact, the study of the influence of a mechanical loading on the electrical properties of the composite by recording the variance of an electrical set is possible.

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Park, Chansul, Min Su Kim, Hye Hyun Kim, Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo, Dong Jun Jung, Moon Kee Choi, and Dae-Hyeong Kim. "Stretchable conductive nanocomposites and their applications in wearable devices." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 2 (June 2022): 021312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093261.

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Recently, highly conductive polymer nanocomposites, particularly soft polymer nanocomposites, have received extensive attention as promising material candidates for wearable devices. Compared with the cases of the wearable devices based on conventional rigid electronic materials, the wearable devices based on polymer nanocomposites exhibit excellent conformal contacts with the skin due to the soft mechanical properties of these nanocomposites; therefore, soft polymeric nanocomposites can be applied to stretchable wirings, electrodes, and sensor units in various on-skin electronics. The types of polymers and nanofillers used for the synthesis of these nanocomposites are critical factors determining the properties of polymer nanocomposites. The overall physical properties of nanocomposites depend on the type of polymer used, whereas the electrical properties of nanocomposites are governed by the type of nanofiller employed. Herein, we review the latest studies on the polymer nanocomposites constructed using different polymers and nanofillers that are applied to wearable devices. We have classified the polymers into non-elastic polymers, hydrogels, chemically crosslinked elastomers, and physically crosslinked elastomers and the nanofillers into C, liquid metal, Ag, Au, and other emerging nanomaterials. Detailed characteristics, fabrication methods, applications, and limitations of these nanocomposites are reviewed. Finally, a brief outlook for future research is provided.

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Liu, Yuanjin, Lixiao Yao, Yue Bu, and Qing Sun. "Synergistical Performance Modification of Epoxy Resin by Nanofillers and Carboxyl-Terminated Liquid Nitrile–Butadiene Rubber." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 4601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164601.

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Epoxy composite materials are widely used in power equipment. As the voltage level increases, the requirement of material properties, including electrical, thermal, and mechanical, has also increased. Introducing thermally conductive nanofiller to the epoxy/liquid rubber composites system is an effective approach to improve heat performance, but the effects of thermally conductive nanofillers on relaxation characteristics remain unclarified. In this paper, nano-alumina (nano-Al2O3) and nano-boron nitride (nano-BN) have been employed to modify the epoxy/carboxyl-terminated liquid nitrile–butadiene rubber (epoxy/CTBN) composites system. The thermal conductivity and glass transition temperature of different formula systems have been measured. The effect of the nanofillers on the relaxation behaviors of the resin matrix has been investigated. Results show that the different kinds of nanofillers will introduce different relaxation processes into the matrix and increase the conductivity at the same time. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the synergistic improvement of multiple properties of epoxy resin composites.

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Mitkus, Rytis, Lena Piechowiak, and Michael Sinapius. "Characterization of UV Light Curable Piezoelectric 0-0-3 Composites Filled with Lead-Free Ceramics and Conductive Nanoparticles." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7020089.

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Lead-free piezoelectric materials are essential for our healthy future but offer lower performance than lead-based materials. Different material combinations are explored to improve the performance of lead-free materials. By filling the UV light curable photopolymer resin with 30 vol.% lead-free piezoelectric ceramics and with up to 0.4 wt.% conductive nanofillers, thin and flexible piezoelectric 0-0-3 composites are formed. Two particle sizes of Potassium Sodium Niobate (KNN) and Barium Titanate (BTO) ceramics were used with four conductive nanofillers: Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs), Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), and two types of Graphene Oxide (GO). Resulting high viscosity suspensions are tape-cast in a mold as thin layers and subsequently exposing them to UV light, piezoelectric composite sensors are formed in 80 s. Even low nanofiller concentrations increase relative permittivities, however, they strongly reduce curing depth and increase undesirable dielectric losses. Non-homogeneous dispersion of nanofillers is observed. In total, 36 different compositions were mixed and characterized. Only six selected material compositions were investigated further by measuring mechanical, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties. Results show KNN composite performance as piezoelectric sensors is almost six times higher than BTO composite performance.

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Paszkiewicz, Sandra, Anna Szymczyk, Agata Zubkiewicz, Jan Subocz, Rafal Stanik, and Jedrzej Szczepaniak. "Enhanced Functional Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites Containing Hybrid Fillers of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Nano Carbon Black." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061356.

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In this work, hybrid filler systems consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nano carbon black (nCB) were incorporated by melt mixing in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). To hybrid systems a mixture of MWCNTs and nCB a mass ratio of 1:1 and 3:1 were used. The purpose was to study if the synergistic effects can be achieved on tensile strength and electrical and thermal conductivity. The dispersion state of carbon nanofillers in the LDPE matrix has been evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. The melting and crystallization behavior of all nanocomposites was not significantly influenced by the nanofillers. It was found that the embedding of both types of carbon nanofillers into the LDPE matrix caused an increase in the value of Young’s modulus. The results of electrical and thermal conductivity were compared to LDPE nanocomposites containing only nCB or only MWCNTs presented in earlier work LDPE/MWCNTs. It was no synergistic effects of nCB in multi-walled CNTs and nCB hybrid nanocomposites regarding mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity, and MWCNTs dispersion. Since LDPE/MWCNTs nanocomposites exhibit higher electrical conductivity than LDPE/MWCNTs + nCB or LDPE/nCB nanocomposites at the same nanofiller loading (wt.%), it confirms our earlier study that MWCNTs are a more efficient conductive nanofiller. The presence of MWCNTs and their concentration in hybrid nanocomposites was mainly responsible for the improvement of their thermal conductivity.

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Arboleda-Clemente, Laura, Xoán García-Fonte, María-José Abad, and Ana Ares-Pernas. "Role of rheology in tunning thermal conductivity of polyamide 12/polyamide 6 composites with a segregated multiwalled carbon nanotube network." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 18 (December 25, 2017): 2549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317749715.

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Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in thermal conductivity of an immiscible blend of polyamides, 50/50 (wt%/wt%) polyamide 12/polyamide 6, was analyzed as function of nanofiller amount and temperature. Effect of the molding temperature in the structure of conductive network was investigated by rheology. Data show that 5 vol% multiwalled carbon nanotubes caused an increase of 41% in thermal diffusivity and 78% in thermal conductivity respect to polyamide blend values. Thermal conductivity improvement could be described by percolation theory, with a low threshold composition (φc = 0.09 vol% carbon nanotube). Fitting parameters obtained from Agari’s adjustment model show that polyamides structure is not affected by carbon nanotubes and the nanofillers can easily form conductive paths in the polyamide 12/polyamide 6 matrix. The temperature increase facilitates nanofiller dispersion causing the formation of a denser carbon nanotube network and rising the thermal diffusivity of carbon nanotube composites with low percolation level, as was proved on annealed samples at 255℃.

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Zhi, Chunyi, Yibin Xu, Yoshio Bando, and Dmitri Golberg. "Highly Thermo-conductive Fluid with Boron Nitride Nanofillers." ACS Nano 5, no. 8 (July 19, 2011): 6571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn201946x.

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Deng, H., R. Zhang, E. Bilotti, J. Loos, and T. Peijs. "Conductive polymer tape containing highly oriented carbon nanofillers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 113, no. 2 (July 15, 2009): 742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29624.

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Naresh, Chillu, Gandluri Parameswarreddy, Asapu Vinaya Kumar, Rengaswamy Jayaganthan, Venkatachalam Subramanian, Ramanujam Sarathi, and M. G. Danikas. "Understanding the dielectric properties and electromagnetic shielding efficiency of zirconia filled epoxy-MWCNT composites." Engineering Research Express 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 015008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac4a4a.

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Abstract In the present study, hybrid composites are prepared by reinforcing various concentrations of high permittivity zirconia nanofiller into epoxy/CNT compositions to test their usability in EMI shielding applications in the X and Ku bands. ZrO2 nanofiller is added in different proportions to improve absorbance shielding while maintaining the composite conductivity uniform by adding constant CNT concentration to restrict the reflectance shielding. The microscopic studies have revealed an efficient dispersion of ZrO2 nanoparticles in the CNT networks and provided a smoother surface. The presence of zirconia nanofillers increased the dielectric properties, viz. the dielectric constant (194 at 0.1 Hz) and loss tangent (1.57 at 0.1 Hz), respectively, whereas the conductivity was found to be invariantly constant. The increased permittivity of composites enhanced the shielding by absorption, while the shielding by reflection is least influenced by the addition of zirconia nanofiller. The addition of zirconia nanofillers increased the permittivity and tan delta, allowing charges to accumulate at the interfacial areas for incoming EM radiations, resulting in increased absorbance shielding. Limiting the CNT concentration in all composites to the same level resulted in the formation of conductive networks, thus resulting in uniform reflectance shielding for all the hybrid composites in the present study. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed the improvement in the storage modulus and activation energy due to the enhanced interfacial adhesion and cross-linked polymer density.

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Ribezzo, Alessandro, Matteo Fasano, Luca Bergamasco, Luigi Mongibello, and Eliodoro Chiavazzo. "Multi-Scale Numerical Modelling for Predicting Thermo-Physical Properties of Phase-Change Nanocomposites for Cooling Energy Storage." Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 2-4 (July 30, 2021): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.652-409.

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One major limitation of phase-change materials (PCM) for thermal energy storage comes from their poor thermal conductivity hindering heat transfer process and power density. Nanocomposites PCMs, where highly conductive nanofillers are dispersed into PCM matrices, have been exploited in the past decades as novel latent heat storage materials with enhanced thermal conductivity. A computational model based on continuum simulations capable to link microscopic characteristics of nanofillers and the bulk PCM with the macroscopic effective thermal conductivity of the resulting nanocomposite is the aim of this work. After preliminary mean-field simulations investigating the impact of the nanofiller aspect ratio on the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite, finite element simulations at reduced aspect ratios have been performed with corrected thermal conductivity values of the filler, to take into account the thermal interface resistances between fillers and matrix. Finally, the thermal conductivity at the actual aspect ratios has been extrapolated by the results obtained at reduced aspect ratios thus saving computational time and meshing efforts. This method has been validated through comparison against previous literature evidence and new experimental characterizations of nanocomposite PCMs.

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Maxian, O., D. Pedrazzoli, and I. Manas-Zloczower. "Conductive polymer foams with carbon nanofillers – Modeling percolation behavior." Express Polymer Letters 11, no. 5 (2017): 406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2017.39.

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12

Jayasinghe, J. M. A. R. B., R. T. De Silva, Rohini M. de Silva, K. M. Nalin de Silva, M. M. M. G. P. G. Mantilaka, and Vinod Asantha Silva. "Effect of networked hybridized nanoparticle reinforcement on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of natural rubber composites." RSC Advances 9, no. 2 (2019): 636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08543a.

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Thermal conductivity of natural rubber was enhanced by incorporating novel conductive hybrid nanofillers, namely polyaniline grafted carbon black nanoparticles and carbon black nanoparticles linked with carbon microfiber composites.

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13

Ma, Ruibin, Guangyao Mu, Huan Zhang, Jun Liu, Yangyang Gao, Xiuying Zhao, and Liqun Zhang. "Percolation analysis of the electrical conductive network in a polymer nanocomposite by nanorod functionalization." RSC Advances 9, no. 62 (2019): 36324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04680a.

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Chemical functionalization of nanofillers is an effective strategy to benefit the formation of the conductive network in the matrix which can enhance the electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs).

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Wong, Wee Chun, Pei Leng Teh, Azlin Fazlina Osman, and Cheow Keat Yeoh. "The Properties of Epoxy/Graphene Conductive Materials Using High Speed Mechanical Stirrer and Bath Sonicator." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.222.

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In this work, two instruments were used to disperse graphene nanofillers into epoxy matrices, high speed mechanical stirrer and bath sonicator. Two stages experiment were conducted in order to achieve better dispersion of graphene fillers. Flexural test, fracture toughness test and density test were conducted on neat epoxy, 0.2 vol%, 0.4 vol%, 0.6 vol%, 0.8 vol% and 1 vol% graphene incorporated epoxy nanocomposites to observe the loading effect of graphene on the mechanical properties. Flexural results shown improvement in flexural strength graphene incorporated epoxy nanocomposites over neat epoxy. However, these enhancement were observed only up to 0.2 vol% filler loading after which the properties were seen to reduce. Reagglomeration of graphene nanofillers might be the factor that explained this phenomenon. Flexural modulus increased continuously as long as filler concentration increased. Fracture toughness results revealed the fracture toughness of nanocomposites fabricated using bath sonication has shown increasing trend with increasing filler concentration up to 1.0 vol% which not reach to optimum value yet. Nanocomposites fabricated using high speed mechanical stirrer has reached to optimum fracture toughness value at 0.6 vol% loadings. Further addition of graphene nanofillers promoted poor filler dispersion that resulting in decreased fracture toughness of nanocomposites. In addition, density of nanocomposites increased when greater amount of graphene nanofillers added regardless the processing techniques used. These results indicates that both processing techniques were suitable to disperse fillers at low loading only. However, bath sonication method was able to fabricate epoxy/graphene nanocomposites with more homogeneous filler dispersion compared to high speed mechanical mixing.

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Nag, Sananda, Mickaël Castro, Veena Choudhary, and Jean-Francois Feller. "Boosting Selectivity and Sensitivity to Biomarkers of Quantum Resistive Vapour Sensors Used for Volatolomics with Nanoarchitectured Carbon Nanotubes or Graphene Platelets Connected by Fullerene Junctions." Chemosensors 9, no. 4 (March 28, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9040066.

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Nanocarbon-based vapour sensors are increasingly used to make anticipated diagnosis of diseases by the analysis of volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers from the breath, i.e., volatolomics. However, given the tiny number of molecules to detect, usually only tens of parts per billion (ppb), increasing the sensitivity of polymer nanocomposite chemoresistive transducers is still a challenge. As the ability of these nanosensors to convert the interactions with chemical compounds into changes of resistance, depends on the variations of electronic transport through the percolated network of the conducting nanofillers, it is a key parameter to control. Actually, in this conducting architecture, the bottlenecks for electrons’ circulation are the interparticular junctions giving either ohmic conduction in the case of close contacts or quantum tunnelling when jumps though gaps are necessary. This in turn depends on a number of nanometric parameters such as the size and geometry of the nanofillers (spherical, cylindrical, lamellar), the method of structuring of the conductive architecture in the sensory system, etc. The present study focuses on the control of the interparticular junctions in quantum-resistive vapour sensors (vQRS) by nanoassembling pristine CNT or graphene covalently or noncovalently functionalized with spherical Buckminster fullerene (C60) into a percolated network with a hybrid structure. It is found that this strategy allows us to significantly boost, both selectivity and sensitivity of pristine CNT or graphene-based transducers exposed to a set of seven biomarkers, ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform, benzene, toluene, cyclohexane and water. This is assumed to result from the spherical fullerene acting on the electronic transport properties at the nanojunctions between the CNT or graphene nanofillers.

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Nayak, Lalatendu, Tapan K. Chaki, and Dipak Khastgir. "Super Heat-Resistant Conductive Nanocomposites Based on Polysulfone–Carbon Nanofillers." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 54, no. 3 (January 22, 2015): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2014.977479.

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Wang, Jun, Xilin Wang, Youwei Yao, Juyi Guo, Xiaogang Ouyang, and Zhidong Jia. "Nonlinear electrical characteristics of core-satellite CaCu3Ti4O12@ZnO doped silicone rubber composites." RSC Advances 7, no. 50 (2017): 31654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03873a.

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Core-satellite CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂@ZnO-doped silicone rubber composites exhibited both excellent nonlinear conductive and dielectric properties with nanofillers for the first time.

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Zaccardi, Federica, Elisa Toto, Fabrizio Marra, Maria Gabriella Santonicola, and Susanna Laurenzi. "Hybrid Carbon Nanocomposites Made of Aerospace-Grade Epoxy Showing Synergistic Effects in Electrical Properties and High Processability." Polymers 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051163.

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In this work, we investigate the processability and the volumetric electrical properties of nanocomposites made of aerospace-grade RTM6, loaded with different carbon nanoparticles. Nanocomposites with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and hybrid GNP/SWCNT in the ratio 2:8 (GNP2SWCNT8), 5:5 (GNP5SWCNT5) and 8:2 (GNP8SWCNT2) were manufactured and analyzed. The hybrid nanofillers are observed to have synergistic properties as epoxy/hybrid mixtures showed better processability than epoxy/SWCNT, while maintaining high values of electrical conductivity. On the other hand, epoxy/SWCNT nanocomposites present the highest electrical conductivities with the formation of a percolating conductive network at lower filler content, but very large viscosity values and filler dispersion issues, which significantly affect the final quality of the samples. Hybrid nanofiller allows us to overcome the manufacturing issues typically associated with the use of SWCNTs. The combination of low viscosity and high electrical conductivity makes the hybrid nanofiller a good candidate for the fabrication of aerospace-grade nanocomposites with multifunctional properties.

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Zambrzycki, Marcel, Krystian Sokolowski, Maciej Gubernat, and Aneta Fraczek-Szczypta. "Effect of Secondary Carbon Nanofillers on the Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Conductive Hybrid Composites Based on Epoxy Resin and Graphite." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154169.

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In this work, we present a comparative study of the impact of secondary carbon nanofillers on the electrical and thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of hybrid conductive polymer composites (CPC) based on high loadings of synthetic graphite and epoxy resin. Two different carbon nanofillers were chosen for the investigation—low-cost multi-layered graphene nanoplatelets (GN) and carbon black (CB), which were aimed at improving the overall performance of composites. The samples were obtained by a simple, inexpensive, and effective compression molding technique, and were investigated by the means of, i.a., scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurements, laser flash analysis, and thermogravimetry. The tests performed revealed that, due to the exceptional electronic transport properties of GN, its relatively low specific surface area, good aspect ratio, and nanometric sizes of particles, a notable improvement in the overall characteristics of the composites (best results for 4 wt % of GN; σ = 266.7 S cm−1; λ = 40.6 W mK−1; fl. strength = 40.1 MPa). In turn, the addition of CB resulted in a limited improvement in mechanical properties, and a deterioration in electrical and thermal properties, mainly due to the too high specific surface area of this nanofiller. The results obtained were compared with US Department of Energy recommendations regarding properties of materials for bipolar plates in fuel cells. As shown, the materials developed significantly exceed the recommended values of the majority of the most important parameters, indicating high potential application of the composites obtained.

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Song, Wei-Li, Xiao-Tian Guan, Li-Zhen Fan, Wen-Qiang Cao, Quan-Liang Zhao, Chan-Yuan Wang, and Mao-Sheng Cao. "Tuning broadband microwave absorption via highly conductive Fe3O4/graphene heterostructural nanofillers." Materials Research Bulletin 72 (December 2015): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2015.07.028.

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Hamdi, Khalil, Zoheir Aboura, Walid Harizi, and Kamel Khellil. "Structural health monitoring of carbon fiber reinforced matrix by the resistance variation method." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 25 (April 23, 2020): 3919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320921476.

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In this work, electrical resistance change method is used for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers damage monitoring. The electrical resistance variation could be an interesting complementary to existing/classical damage monitoring methods. It is extremely attributed to electrical conductivity of composite material and it appears that enhancing the conductivity of materials, by the use of conductive nanofillers in our case, improves their sensitivity to mechanical loading. Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers with different nanofillers types and concentrations were manufactured and tested in tensile loading. Concentration of 0 and 8 wt% of carbon black and 2.5 wt% of carbon nanotubes were used with Polyamide 6 sheets as matrix. Nanofillers weakening effect was discussed according to their concentrations and types. The acoustic emission, digital image correlation and in-situ microscopy were also recorded during testing. A correlation between all these signals and the evolution of the electrical resistance of the composites during the tensile loading was performed. It was found that CB enhances sensitivity of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers to damage detection, especially delamination. For the carbon nanotubes, results are less promising. A discussion is held about the nanofillers concentration influence.

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Gomes de Souza Junior, Fernando, Thais Nogueira Barradas, Vinicius Freitas Caetano, and Angela Becerra. "Nanoparticles improving polyaniline electrical conductivity: A meta-analysis study." Brazilian Journal of Experimental Design, Data Analysis and Inferential Statistics 2, no. 1 (May 18, 2022): 26–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55747/bjedis.v2i1.52468.

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Polyaniline is a conductive polymer that attracts the attention of many researchers around the world. The history of this polymer begins in 1862 when Letheby first reported this material. Since then, a myriad of studies has been conducted onthis material, and new works continue to investigate the potential of this material. Polyaniline has been improved with the help of Nanotechnology. The use of nanofillers has been seen as a quick and economical way to modify materials, drivinginnovations based on new physical and chemical properties from the conductive polymer materials and nanoparticles joining. Several works address the use of different nanoparticles, which leads to the practical impossibility of sifting through all this information. Thus, this work proposes to systematically collect data in the literature and investigate which nanoparticles can increase the electrical conductivity of Polyaniline (PAni). The results obtained demonstrate that among the possiblenanofillers, graphene and carbon nanotubes have great prominence. Furthermore, the results of the meta-analysis prove that PAni's conductivity increases when this polymer is modified with the aforementioned nanofillers.

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Agbabiaka, Okikiola Ganiu, Miracle Hope Adegun, Kit-Ying Chan, Heng Zhang, Xi Shen, and Jang-Kyo Kim. "BN-PVDF/rGO-PVDF Laminate Nanocomposites for Energy Storage Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12244492.

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The increasing demand for high energy storage devices calls for concurrently enhanced dielectric constants and reduced dielectric losses of polymer dielectrics. In this work, we rationally design dielectric composites comprising aligned 2D nanofillers of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix through a novel press-and-fold technique. Both nanofillers play different yet complementary roles: while rGO is designed to enhance the dielectric constant through charge accumulation at the interfaces with polymer, BNNS suppress the dielectric loss by preventing the mobility of free electrons. The microlaminate containing eight layers each of rGO/PVDF and BNNS/PVDF films exhibits remarkable dielectric performance with a dielectric constant of 147 and an ultralow dielectric loss of 0.075, due to the synergistic effect arising from the alternatingly electrically conductive and insulating films. Consequently, a maximum energy density of 3.5 J/cm3—about 18 times the bilayer composite counterpart—is realized. The high thermal conductivities of both nanofillers and their alignment endow the microlaminate with an excellent in-plane thermal conductivity of 6.53 Wm−1K−1, potentially useful for multifunctional applications. This work offers a simple but effective approach to fabricating a composite for high dielectric energy storage using two different 2D nanofillers.

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Zhang, S. M., L. Lin, H. Deng, X. Gao, E. Bilotti, T. Peijs, Q. Zhang, and Q. Fu. "Synergistic effect in conductive networks constructed with carbon nanofillers in different dimensions." Express Polymer Letters 6, no. 2 (2012): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.17.

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Li, Yuchao, Xiangcai Ge, Liping Wang, Longfei Wang, Wei Liu, Hong Li, Robert Li, and Sie Tjong. "Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of PVDF Composites with Nanofillers of Different Conductive Nature." Current Nanoscience 9, no. 5 (August 1, 2013): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15734137113099990091.

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Park, Ye-Jin, Sohyeon Lee, Bomin Kim, Ji-Hye Kim, Ju-Hee So, and Hyung-Jun Koo. "Impedance study on humidity dependent conductivity of polymer composites with conductive nanofillers." Composites Part B: Engineering 202 (December 2020): 108412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108412.

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Zhang, Shuangmei, Lin Lin, Hua Deng, Xiang Gao, Emiliano Bilotti, Ton Peijs, Qin Zhang, and Qiang Fu. "Dynamic percolation in highly oriented conductive networks formed with different carbon nanofillers." Colloid and Polymer Science 290, no. 14 (May 5, 2012): 1393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-012-2661-7.

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Zambrzycki, Marcel, and Aneta Fraczek-Szczypta. "Conductive hybrid polymer composites based on recycled carbon fibres and carbon nanofillers." Journal of Materials Science 53, no. 10 (February 2, 2018): 7403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2062-5.

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Tiptipakorn, Sunan, Sarawut Rimdusit, Sarote Phromdee, and Kasinee Hemvichian. "Thermal Properties of Silicon-Containing Polyimide Filled with Carbon Black of Low Structure." Advanced Materials Research 968 (June 2014): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.968.21.

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The nanocomposites between silicon-containing polyimide (SPI) and electrically conductive carbon black (CB) of low structure (Conductex K Ultra) were prepared. The contents of the conductive nanofillers were varied from 0 to 40 phr. The thermal properties of the nanocomposites were determined via Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermo-gravimetric Analyzer (TGA). DSC thermograms revealed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and degradation temperature (Td) of the nanocomposites increased with increasing the amount of fillers. The Tg and Td values of the composites filled with high structure were higher than those of the ones filled with low structure.

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Lemartinel, Antoine, Mickael Castro, Olivier Fouché, Julio-César De-Luca, and Jean-François Feller. "A Review of Nanocarbon-Based Solutions for the Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Parts Used in Renewable Energies." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6020032.

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The growing demands for electrical energy, especially renewable, is boosting the development of wind turbines equipped with longer composite blades. To reduce the maintenance cost of such huge composite parts, the structural health monitoring (SHM) is an approach to anticipate and/or follow the structural behaviour along time. Apart from the development of traditional non-destructive testing methods, in order to reduce the use of intrusive instrumentation there is a growing interest for the development of “self-sensing materials”. An interesting route to achieve this, can be to introduce carbon nanofillers such as nanotubes (CNT) in the composite structures, which enables to create systems that are sensitive to both strain and damage. This review aims at updating the state of the art of this topic so far. A first overview of the existing SHM techniques for thermoset based wind turbine blades composites is presented. Then, the use of self-sensing materials for strain and damage sensing is presented. Different strategies are overviewed and discussed, from the design of conductive composites such as carbon fibres reinforced polymers, to the elaboration of conductive nano-reinforced polymer composites. The origins of sensing mechanisms along with the percolation theory applied to nanofillers dispersed in polymer matrices are also detailed.

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Jin, Bihui, Feiran Meng, Haoyu Ma, Bowen Zhang, Pengjian Gong, Chul B. Park, and Guangxian Li. "Synergistic Manipulation of Zero-Dimension and One-Dimension Hybrid Nanofillers in Multi-Layer Two-Dimension Thin Films to Construct Light Weight Electromagnetic Interference Material." Polymers 13, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 3278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193278.

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Nanocomposite foam with a large expansion ratio and thin cell walls is promising for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, due to the low electromagnetic (EM) reflection and high EM absorption. To overcome the dimensional limitation from two-dimension (2D) thin walls on the construction of conductive network, a strategy combining hybrid conductive nanofillers in semi-crystalline matrix together with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) foaming was applied: (1) one-dimension (1D) CNTs with moderate aspect ratio was used to minimize the dimensional confinement from 2D thin walls while constructing the main EM absorbing network; (2) zero-dimension (0D) carbon black (CB) with no dimensional confinement was used to connect the separated CNTs in thin walls and to expand the EM absorbing network; (3) scCO2 foaming was applied to obtain a cellular structure with multi-layer thin walls and a large amount of air cells to reduce the reflected EM; (4) semi-crystalline polymer was selected so that the rheological behavior could be adjusted by optimizing crystallization and filler content to regulate the cellular structure. Consequently, an advanced material featured as lightweight, high EM absorption and low EM reflection was obtained at 0.48 vol.% hybrid nanofillers and a density of 0.067 g/cm3, whose specific EMI shielding performance was 183 dB cm3/g.

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Zhou, Ke Qing, Zhou Gui, and Yuan Hu. "MoS₂: Advanced Nanofillers for Polymer Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 1105 (May 2015): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.21.

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Since discovery of graphene, great attention had been paid to other two dimensional (2D) layered materials. As a graphene-like layered nanomaterial, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) had gained enormous attention from the materials fields which had been widely used in many areas such as solid lubricants, lithium ion batteries, photocatalysts, sensors or as conductive fillers in polymer composites. In this work, MoS2 nanosheets were incorporated into polymer matrix as nanofillers by three typical preparation methods, including solvent blending, in situ polymerization and melt blending method. The MoS2 nanosheets were dispersed well in the polymer matrices which improved the thermal stability, mechanical properties and reduced fire hazards of the composites obviously. The improvements in the thermal properties, fire resistance properties and mechanical properties of polymer/MoS2 nanocomposites were mainly attributed to good dispersion of MoS2, physical barrier effects of MoS2 and catalytic char function of MoS2 nanosheets.

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Khan, Muhammad Inshad, Toheed Akhter, Humaira Masood Siddiqi, Young Jun Lee, Hyeonjung Park, Muhmood ul Hassan, and Chan Ho Park. "Oligoimide-Mediated Graphene Oxide-Epoxy Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091379.

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The current study reports the preparation of thermally conductive polymeric nanocomposites. For this purpose, two epoxy-based nanocomposites were prepared by dispersing a different type of functionalized graphene oxide (GO) nanofiller in each series. Both these GO nanofillers were functionalized by covalently bonding oligoimide chains on their surfaces. In one series, these oligoimide chains were prepared by reaction of 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with a diamine 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA). While in the other case, BTDA was reacted with N,N′-[((propane-2,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(4,1-phenylene)]bis(4-aminobenzamide) (BDM) to mount oligoimide chains on the surface of GO. Both types of oligoimide chains have amino groups as chain-end functional groups. These modified GO nanofillers were added to the epoxy matrices separately to prepare their respective nanocomposites (MDA-B-GO-epoxy nanocomposites and BDM-B-GO-epoxy nanocomposites). The chain-end amino groups of oligoimide chains reacted with the epoxy ring developing a covalent bonding between oligoimide chains of GO and the epoxy matrix. Moreover, these oligoimide chains prevented the agglomeration of GO by acting as spacer groups leading to the uniform dispersion of GO in the epoxy matrix. Various analytical techniques were used to examine the attachment of oligoimide chains to the GO surface, and to examine the morphology, curing potential, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity of the prepared nanocomposites. We demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of MDA-B-GO-epoxy nanocomposites increased by 52% and an increase of 56% was observed in BDM-B-GO-epoxy nanocomposites. Similarly, a significant improvement was observed in the mechanical strength and thermal stability of both types of nanocomposites.

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Orellana, Jaime, Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada, Ranjita K. Bose, Francesco Picchioni, Mario E. Flores, and Rodrigo Araya-Hermosilla. "Self-Healing Polymer Nanocomposite Materials by Joule Effect." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040649.

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Nowadays, the self-healing approach in materials science mainly relies on functionalized polymers used as matrices in nanocomposites. Through different physicochemical pathways and stimuli, these materials can undergo self-repairing mechanisms that represent a great advantage to prolonging materials service-life, thus avoiding early disposal. Particularly, the use of the Joule effect as an external stimulus for self-healing in conductive nanocomposites is under-reported in the literature. However, it is of particular importance because it incorporates nanofillers with tunable features thus producing multifunctional materials. The aim of this review is the comprehensive analysis of conductive polymer nanocomposites presenting reversible dynamic bonds and their energetical activation to perform self-healing through the Joule effect.

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Arroyo, Jesse, and Cecily Ryan. "Incorporation of Carbon Nanofillers Tunes Mechanical and Electrical Percolation in PHBV:PLA Blends." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121371.

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Biobased fillers, such as bio-derived cellulose, lignin byproducts, and biochar, can be used to modify the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of polymer composites. Biochar (BioC), in particular, is of interest for enhancing thermal and electrical conductivities in composites, and can potentially serve as a bio-derived graphitic carbon alternative for certain composite applications. In this work, we investigate a blended biopolymer system: poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and addition of carbon black (CB), a commonly used functional filler as a comparison for Kraft lignin-derived BioC. We present calculations and experimental results for phase-separation and nanofiller phase affinity in this system, indicating that the CB localizes in the PHBV phase of the immiscible PHBV:PLA blends. The addition of BioC led to a deleterious reaction with the biopolymers, as indicated by blend morphology, differential scanning calorimetry showing significant melting peak reduction for the PLA phase, and a reduction in melt viscosity. For the CB nanofilled composites, electrical conductivity and dynamic mechanical analysis supported the ability to use phase separation in these blends to tune the percolation of mechanical and electrical properties, with a minimum percolation threshold found for the 80:20 blends of 1.6 wt.% CB. At 2% BioC (approximately the percolation threshold for CB), the 80:20 BioC nanocomposites had a resistance of 3.43 × 10 8 Ω as compared to 2.99 × 10 8 Ω for the CB, indicating that BioC could potentially perform comparably to CB as a conductive nanofiller if the processing challenges can be overcome for higher BioC loadings.

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Lee, Dong-Kwan, Jongchan Yoo, Hyunwoo Kim, Byung-Ho Kang, and Sung-Hoon Park. "Electrical and Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites with Various Aspect Ratios." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 12, 2022): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041356.

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In response to the rising need for flexible and lightweight materials capable of efficient heat transport, many studies have been conducted to improve the thermal properties of polymers via nanofillers. Among the various nanofillers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as the most promising, owing to their excellent thermal and electrical properties. Accordingly, CNT/polymer composites can be used as flexible and lightweight heat transfer materials, owing to their low density. In this study, we fabricated multi-walled CNT (MWCNT)/polymer composites with different aspect ratios to investigate their effects on electrical and thermal properties. Through a three-roll milling process, CNTs were uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix to form a conductive network. Enhanced electrical and thermal properties were observed in MWCNT composite with a high aspect ratio as compared to those with a low aspect ratio. The thermal conductivity of composites obtained as a function of the filler content was also compared with the results of a theoretical prediction model.

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Gorrasi, Giuliana, Valeria Bugatti, Candida Milone, Emanuela Mastronardo, Elpida Piperopoulos, Laura Iemmo, and Antonio Di Bartolomeo. "Effect of temperature and morphology on the electrical properties of PET/conductive nanofillers composites." Composites Part B: Engineering 135 (February 2018): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.10.020.

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Farhana, Nur Khuzaimah, Fatin Saiha Omar, Norshahirah Mohamad Saidi, Goh Zhi Ling, Shahid Bashir, Ramesh Subramaniam, Ramesh Kasi, et al. "Modification of DSSC Based on Polymer Composite Gel Electrolyte with Copper Oxide Nanochain by Shape Effect." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 3426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163426.

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Solvent evaporation and leakage of liquid electrolytes that restrict the practicality of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) motivate the quest for the development of stable and ionic conductive electrolyte. Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) fits the criteria, but it still suffers from low efficiency due to insufficient segmental motion within the electrolytes. Therefore, incorporating metal oxide nanofiller is one of the approaches to enhance the performance of electrolytes due to the presence of cross-linking centers that can be coordinated with the polymer segments. In this research, polymer composite gel electrolytes (PCGEs) employing poly (vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (P(VB-co-VA-co-VAc)) terpolymer as host polymer, tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI) as dopant salt, and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles as the nanofillers were produced. The CuO nanofillers were synthesized by sonochemical method and subsequently calcined at different temperatures (i.e., 200, 350, and 500 °C), denoted as CuO-200, CuO-350, and CuO-500, respectively. All CuO nanoparticles have different shapes and sizes that are connected in a chain which impact the amorphous phase and the roughness of the surface, proven by the structural and the morphological analyses. It was found that the PCGE consisting of CuO-350 exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 2.54 mS cm−1 and apparent diffusion coefficient of triiodide of 1.537 × 10−4 cm2 s−1. The enhancement in the electrochemical performance of the PCGEs is correlated with the change in shape (rod to sphere) and size of CuO particles which disrupted the structural order of the polymer chain, facilitating the redox couple transportation. Additionally, a DSSC was fabricated and achieved the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.05% with JSC of 22.1 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.61 V, and FF of 52.4%.

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Samsudin, Siti Salmi, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Mariatti Jaafar, and Hassan A. Alshahrani. "Physical, Thermal Transport, and Compressive Properties of Epoxy Composite Filled with Graphitic- and Ceramic-Based Thermally Conductive Nanofillers." Polymers 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14051014.

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Epoxy polymer composites embedded with thermally conductive nanofillers play an important role in the thermal management of polymer microelectronic packages, since they can provide thermal conduction properties with electrically insulating properties. An epoxy composite system filled with graphitic-based fillers; multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and ceramic-based filler; silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiCs) was investigated as a form of thermal-effective reinforcement for epoxy matrices. The epoxy composites were fabricated using a simple fabrication method, which included ultrasonication and planetary centrifugal mixing. The effect of graphite-based and ceramic-based fillers on the thermal conductivity was measured by the transient plane source method, while the glass transition temperature of the fully cured samples was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal gravimetric analysis was adopted to study the thermal stability of the samples, and the compressive properties of different filler loadings (1–5 vol.%) were also discussed. The glass temperatures and thermal stabilities of the epoxy system were increased when incorporated with the graphite- and ceramic-based fillers. These results can be correlated with the thermal conductivity of the samples, which was found to increase with the increase in the filler loadings, except for the epoxy/SiCs composites. The thermal conductivity of the composites increased to 0.4 W/mK with 5 vol.% of MWCNTs, which is a 100% improvement over pure epoxy. The GNPs, SiCs, and MWCNTs showed uniform dispersion in the epoxy matrix and well-established thermally conductive pathways.

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Luceño Sánchez, José Antonio, Ana Maria Díez-Pascual, Rafael Peña Capilla, and Pilar García Díaz. "The Effect of Hexamethylene Diisocyanate-Modified Graphene Oxide as a Nanofiller Material on the Properties of Conductive Polyaniline." Polymers 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11061032.

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Conducting polymers like polyaniline (PANI) have gained a lot of interest due to their outstanding electrical and optoelectronic properties combined with their low cost and easy synthesis. To further exploit the performance of PANI, carbon-based nanomaterials like graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and their derivatives can be incorporated in a PANI matrix. In this study, hexamethylene diisocyanate-modified GO (HDI-GO) nanosheets with two different functionalization degrees have been used as nanofillers to develop high-performance PANI/HDI-GO nanocomposites via in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of HDI-GO followed by ultrasonication and solution casting. The influence of the HDI-GO concentration and functionalization degree on the nanocomposite properties has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile tests, zeta potential and four-point probe measurements. SEM analysis demonstrated a homogenous dispersion of the HDI-GO nanosheets that were coated by the matrix particles during the in situ polymerization. Raman spectra revealed the existence of very strong PANI-HDI-GO interactions via π-π stacking, H-bonding, and hydrophobic and electrostatic charge-transfer complexes. A steady enhancement in thermal stability and electrical conductivity was found with increasing nanofiller concentration, the improvements being higher with increasing HDI-GO functionalization level. The nanocomposites showed a very good combination of rigidity, strength, ductility and toughness, and the best equilibrium of properties was attained at 5 wt % HDI-GO. The method developed herein opens up a versatile route to prepare multifunctional graphene-based nanocomposites with conductive polymers for a broad range of applications including flexible electronics and organic solar cells.

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Namasivayam, Muthuraman, and Joe Shapter. "Factors affecting carbon nanotube fillers towards enhancement of thermal conductivity in polymer nanocomposites: A review." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 26 (February 5, 2017): 3657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317692398.

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Thermally conductive polymer composites have opened up new possibilities in various applications including solar cells, power generators, electronics, biomedical applications, etc. Polymer matrices have some interesting advantages to offer such as being lightweight, cost effective, corrosion resistant, and many more. However, the thermal conductivity of a polymer matrix is relatively low for some commercial applications. Recent research has focused on enhancing the thermal conductivity of polymer composites through addition of nanofillers such as nanotubes, graphite, carbon fibers, etc. Among these possibilities, carbon nanotubes are considered to be promising candidates due to their unusually high thermal conductivity. This article discusses the properties of nanotube fillers that should be taken into account in order to fabricate a thermally conductive polymer nanocomposite and reviews the status of research in terms of thermal conductivity and nanotubes.

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Gatti, Felix Joachim, Laura Burk, Matthias Gliem, and Rolf Mülhaupt. "Mechanochemically Carboxylated Multilayer Graphene Nanoplatelets as Functionalized Carbon Nanofillers for Electrically Conductive Epoxy Spray Coatings." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 304, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 1800582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201800582.

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Deng, Hua, Tetyana Skipa, Emiliano Bilotti, Rui Zhang, Dirk Lellinger, Luca Mezzo, Qiang Fu, Ingo Alig, and Ton Peijs. "Preparation of High-Performance Conductive Polymer Fibers through Morphological Control of Networks Formed by Nanofillers." Advanced Functional Materials 20, no. 9 (April 28, 2010): 1424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200902207.

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Sanjuan-Alberte, Paola, Jayasheelan Vaithilingam, Jonathan C. Moore, Ricky D. Wildman, Christopher J. Tuck, Morgan R. Alexander, Richard J. M. Hague, and Frankie J. Rawson. "Development of Conductive Gelatine-Methacrylate Inks for Two-Photon Polymerisation." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071038.

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Conductive hydrogel-based materials are attracting considerable interest for bioelectronic applications due to their ability to act as more compatible soft interfaces between biological and electrical systems. Despite significant advances that are being achieved in the manufacture of hydrogels, precise control over the topographies and architectures remains challenging. In this work, we present for the first time a strategy to manufacture structures with resolutions in the micro-/nanoscale based on hydrogels with enhanced electrical properties. Gelatine methacrylate (GelMa)-based inks were formulated for two-photon polymerisation (2PP). The electrical properties of this material were improved, compared to pristine GelMa, by dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) acting as conductive nanofillers, which was confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. This material was also confirmed to support human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hPSC-CMs) viability and growth. Ultra-thin film structures of 10 µm thickness and scaffolds were manufactured by 2PP, demonstrating the potential of this method in areas spanning tissue engineering and bioelectronics. Though further developments in the instrumentation are required to manufacture more complex structures, this work presents an innovative approach to the manufacture of conductive hydrogels in extremely low resolution.

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Pierini, Filippo, Massimiliano Lanzi, Paweł Nakielski, and Tomasz Aleksander Kowalewski. "Electrospun Polyaniline-Based Composite Nanofibers: Tuning the Electrical Conductivity by Tailoring the Structure of Thiol-Protected Metal Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6142140.

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Composite nanofibers made of a polyaniline-based polymer blend and different thiol-capped metal nanoparticles were prepared using ex situ synthesis and electrospinning technique. The effects of the nanoparticle composition and chemical structure on the electrical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. This study confirmed that Brust’s procedure is an effective method for the synthesis of sub-10 nm silver, gold, and silver-gold alloy nanoparticles protected with different types of thiols. Electron microscopy results demonstrated that electrospinning is a valuable technique for the production of composite nanofibers with similar morphology and revealed that nanofillers are well-dispersed into the polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction tests proved the lack of a significant influence of the nanoparticle chemical structure on the polyaniline chain arrangement. However, the introduction of conductive nanofillers in the polymer matrix influences the charge transport noticeably improving electrical conductivity. The enhancement of electrical properties is mediated by the nanoparticle capping layer structure. The metal nanoparticle core composition is a key parameter, which exerted a significant influence on the conductivity of the nanocomposites. These results prove that the proposed method can be used to tune the electrical properties of nanocomposites.

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Dios, Jose Ramon, Clara García-Astrain, Pedro Costa, Júlio César Viana, and Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez. "Carbonaceous Filler Type and Content Dependence of the Physical-Chemical and Electromechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer Polymer Composites." Materials 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2019): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091405.

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Graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and carbon nanofibers (CNF) are the most studied nanocarbonaceous fillers for polymer-based composite fabrication due to their excellent overall properties. The combination of thermoplastic elastomers with excellent mechanical properties (e.g., styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS)) and conductive nanofillers such as those mentioned previously opens the way to the preparation of multifunctional materials for large-strain (up to 10% or even above) sensor applications. This work reports on the influence of different nanofillers (CNT, CNF, and graphene) on the properties of a SEBS matrix. It is shown that the overall properties of the composites depend on filler type and content, with special influence on the electrical properties. CNT/SEBS composites presented a percolation threshold near 1 wt.% filler content, whereas CNF and graphene-based composites showed a percolation threshold above 5 wt.%. Maximum strain remained similar for most filler types and contents, except for the largest filler contents (1 wt.% or more) in graphene (G)/SEBS composites, showing a reduction from 600% for SEBS to 150% for 5G/SEBS. Electromechanical properties of CNT/SEBS composite for strains up to 10% showed a gauge factor (GF) varying from 2 to 2.5 for different applied strains. The electrical conductivity of the G and CNF composites at up to 5 wt.% filler content was not suitable for the development of piezoresistive sensing materials. We performed thermal ageing at 120 °C for 1, 24, and 72 h for SEBS and its composites with 5 wt.% nanofiller content in order to evaluate the stability of the material properties for high-temperature applications. The mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of SEBS and the composites were identical to those of pristine composites, but the electrical conductivity decreased by near one order of magnitude and the GF decreased to values between 0.5 and 1 in aged CNT/SEBS composites. Thus, the materials can still be used as large-deformation sensors, but the reduction of both electrical and electromechanical response has to be considered.

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Kim, Seojin, You Young Byun, InYoung Lee, Woohyeon Cho, Gyungho Kim, Mario Culebras, Junho Jang, and Chungyeon Cho. "Organic Thermoelectric Nanocomposites Assembled via Spraying Layer-by-Layer Method." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050866.

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Thermoelectric (TE) materials have been considered as a promising energy harvesting technology for sustainably providing power to electronic devices. In particular, organic-based TE materials that consist of conducting polymers and carbon nanofillers make a large variety of applications. In this work, we develop organic TE nanocomposites via successive spraying of intrinsically conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANi) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy- thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and carbon nanofillers, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). It is found that the growth rate of the layer-by-layer (LbL) thin films, which comprise a PANi/SWNT-PEDOT:PSS repeating sequence, made by the spraying method is greater than that of the same ones assembled by traditional dip coating. The surface structure of multilayer thin films constructed by the spraying approach show excellent coverage of highly networked individual and bundled SWNT, which is similarly to what is observed when carbon nanotubes-based LbL assemblies are formed by classic dipping. The multilayer thin films via the spray-assisted LbL process exhibit significantly improved TE performances. A 20-bilayer PANi/SWNT-PEDOT:PSS thin film (~90 nm thick) yields an electrical conductivity of 14.3 S/cm and Seebeck coefficient of 76 μV/K. These two values translate to a power factor of 8.2 μW/m·K2, which is 9 times as large as the same films fabricated by a classic immersion process. We believe that this LbL spraying method will open up many opportunities in developing multifunctional thin films for large-scaled industrial use due to rapid processing and the ease with which it is applied.

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Yilmaz, Ali Can, Mustafa Sabri Ozen, Erhan Sancak, Ramazan Erdem, Ozlem Erdem, and Navneet Soin. "Analyses of the mechanical, electrical and electromagnetic shielding properties of thermoplastic composites doped with conductive nanofillers." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 11 (January 10, 2018): 1423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317752503.

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The purpose of this study is to observe effect of incorporating vapor-grown carbon nanofibers with various amounts in polyvinylidene fluoride matrix in terms of mechanical strength and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Thermoplastic conductive nanocomposites were prepared by heat-pressed compression molding. Vapor-grown carbon nanofibers were utilized at various weight ratios (1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 8 wt.%) as conductive and reinforcing materials. Polyvinylidene fluoride was used as a thermoplastic polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopic analysis was conducted in order to characterize the morphology and structural properties of the nanocomposites and results revealed well dispersion of carbon nanofibers within the matrix for all concentrations. Mechanical characteristics were investigated according to standards. Findings proved that overall increments of 16%, 37.5%, and 56% were achieved in terms of tensile strength, elasticity modulus, and impact energy, respectively, where a total reduction of 44.8% was observed in terms of elongation for 8 wt.% vapor-grown nanofiber matrix compared to that of 0 wt.%. Electromagnetic shielding effectivenesses of the nanocomposites were determined by standard protocol using coaxial transmission line measurement technique in the frequency range of 15–3000 MHz. It was observed that resistance, sheet resistance, and resistivity of nanocomposites depicted substantial reduction with the increment in nanofiber content. Nevertheless, it was observed that nanofiber content, dispersion, and network formation within the composites were highly influent on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness performance of the structures.

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Li, Weiyan, Zhongqian Song, Jing Qian, Zhongyang Tan, Huiying Chu, Xianyou Wu, and Wei Nie. "Largely enhanced dielectric and thermal conductive properties of novel ternary composites with small amount of nanofillers." Composites Science and Technology 163 (July 2018): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.008.

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Xiang, Dong, Xuezhong Zhang, Eileen Harkin-Jones, Wanqiu Zhu, Zuoxin Zhou, Yucai Shen, Yuntao Li, Chunxia Zhao, and Ping Wang. "Synergistic effects of hybrid conductive nanofillers on the performance of 3D printed highly elastic strain sensors." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 129 (February 2020): 105730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105730.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Conductive nanofillers'

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