Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conductive nanofillers

Academic literature on the topic 'Conductive nanofillers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Conductive nanofillers"

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Hamdi, K., Z. Aboura, W. Harizi, and K. Khellil. "Improvement of the electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer by incorporation of nanofillers and the resulting thermal and mechanical behavior." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 11 (August 30, 2017): 1495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317726588.

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This work tends to characterize the effect of carbon black nanofillers on the properties of the woven carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers. First of all, composites from nanofilled Polyamide 6 resin reinforced by carbon fibers were fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy observations were performed to localize the nanoparticles and showed that particles penetrated the fiber zone. In fact, by reaching this zone, the carbon black nanofillers create a connectivity's network between fibers, which produces an easy pathway for the electrical current. It explains the noticed improvement of the electrical conductivity of the carbon black nanofilled composites. Electrical conductivity of neat matrix composite passed from 20 to 80 S/cm by adding 8 wt% of carbon black and to 140 S/cm by adding 16 wt% of the same nanofiller. The addition of nanofillers modifies the heating and cooling laws of carbon fiber reinforced polymer: the nanofilled carbon fiber reinforced polymer with 16 wt% is the most conductive so it heats less. Based on these results, the use of the composite itself as an indicator of this mechanical state might be possible. In fact, the study of the influence of a mechanical loading on the electrical properties of the composite by recording the variance of an electrical set is possible.
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Park, Chansul, Min Su Kim, Hye Hyun Kim, Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo, Dong Jun Jung, Moon Kee Choi, and Dae-Hyeong Kim. "Stretchable conductive nanocomposites and their applications in wearable devices." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 2 (June 2022): 021312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093261.

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Recently, highly conductive polymer nanocomposites, particularly soft polymer nanocomposites, have received extensive attention as promising material candidates for wearable devices. Compared with the cases of the wearable devices based on conventional rigid electronic materials, the wearable devices based on polymer nanocomposites exhibit excellent conformal contacts with the skin due to the soft mechanical properties of these nanocomposites; therefore, soft polymeric nanocomposites can be applied to stretchable wirings, electrodes, and sensor units in various on-skin electronics. The types of polymers and nanofillers used for the synthesis of these nanocomposites are critical factors determining the properties of polymer nanocomposites. The overall physical properties of nanocomposites depend on the type of polymer used, whereas the electrical properties of nanocomposites are governed by the type of nanofiller employed. Herein, we review the latest studies on the polymer nanocomposites constructed using different polymers and nanofillers that are applied to wearable devices. We have classified the polymers into non-elastic polymers, hydrogels, chemically crosslinked elastomers, and physically crosslinked elastomers and the nanofillers into C, liquid metal, Ag, Au, and other emerging nanomaterials. Detailed characteristics, fabrication methods, applications, and limitations of these nanocomposites are reviewed. Finally, a brief outlook for future research is provided.
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Liu, Yuanjin, Lixiao Yao, Yue Bu, and Qing Sun. "Synergistical Performance Modification of Epoxy Resin by Nanofillers and Carboxyl-Terminated Liquid Nitrile–Butadiene Rubber." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 4601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164601.

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Epoxy composite materials are widely used in power equipment. As the voltage level increases, the requirement of material properties, including electrical, thermal, and mechanical, has also increased. Introducing thermally conductive nanofiller to the epoxy/liquid rubber composites system is an effective approach to improve heat performance, but the effects of thermally conductive nanofillers on relaxation characteristics remain unclarified. In this paper, nano-alumina (nano-Al2O3) and nano-boron nitride (nano-BN) have been employed to modify the epoxy/carboxyl-terminated liquid nitrile–butadiene rubber (epoxy/CTBN) composites system. The thermal conductivity and glass transition temperature of different formula systems have been measured. The effect of the nanofillers on the relaxation behaviors of the resin matrix has been investigated. Results show that the different kinds of nanofillers will introduce different relaxation processes into the matrix and increase the conductivity at the same time. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the synergistic improvement of multiple properties of epoxy resin composites.
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Mitkus, Rytis, Lena Piechowiak, and Michael Sinapius. "Characterization of UV Light Curable Piezoelectric 0-0-3 Composites Filled with Lead-Free Ceramics and Conductive Nanoparticles." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7020089.

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Lead-free piezoelectric materials are essential for our healthy future but offer lower performance than lead-based materials. Different material combinations are explored to improve the performance of lead-free materials. By filling the UV light curable photopolymer resin with 30 vol.% lead-free piezoelectric ceramics and with up to 0.4 wt.% conductive nanofillers, thin and flexible piezoelectric 0-0-3 composites are formed. Two particle sizes of Potassium Sodium Niobate (KNN) and Barium Titanate (BTO) ceramics were used with four conductive nanofillers: Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs), Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), and two types of Graphene Oxide (GO). Resulting high viscosity suspensions are tape-cast in a mold as thin layers and subsequently exposing them to UV light, piezoelectric composite sensors are formed in 80 s. Even low nanofiller concentrations increase relative permittivities, however, they strongly reduce curing depth and increase undesirable dielectric losses. Non-homogeneous dispersion of nanofillers is observed. In total, 36 different compositions were mixed and characterized. Only six selected material compositions were investigated further by measuring mechanical, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties. Results show KNN composite performance as piezoelectric sensors is almost six times higher than BTO composite performance.
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Paszkiewicz, Sandra, Anna Szymczyk, Agata Zubkiewicz, Jan Subocz, Rafal Stanik, and Jedrzej Szczepaniak. "Enhanced Functional Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites Containing Hybrid Fillers of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Nano Carbon Black." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061356.

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In this work, hybrid filler systems consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nano carbon black (nCB) were incorporated by melt mixing in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). To hybrid systems a mixture of MWCNTs and nCB a mass ratio of 1:1 and 3:1 were used. The purpose was to study if the synergistic effects can be achieved on tensile strength and electrical and thermal conductivity. The dispersion state of carbon nanofillers in the LDPE matrix has been evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. The melting and crystallization behavior of all nanocomposites was not significantly influenced by the nanofillers. It was found that the embedding of both types of carbon nanofillers into the LDPE matrix caused an increase in the value of Young’s modulus. The results of electrical and thermal conductivity were compared to LDPE nanocomposites containing only nCB or only MWCNTs presented in earlier work LDPE/MWCNTs. It was no synergistic effects of nCB in multi-walled CNTs and nCB hybrid nanocomposites regarding mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity, and MWCNTs dispersion. Since LDPE/MWCNTs nanocomposites exhibit higher electrical conductivity than LDPE/MWCNTs + nCB or LDPE/nCB nanocomposites at the same nanofiller loading (wt.%), it confirms our earlier study that MWCNTs are a more efficient conductive nanofiller. The presence of MWCNTs and their concentration in hybrid nanocomposites was mainly responsible for the improvement of their thermal conductivity.
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Arboleda-Clemente, Laura, Xoán García-Fonte, María-José Abad, and Ana Ares-Pernas. "Role of rheology in tunning thermal conductivity of polyamide 12/polyamide 6 composites with a segregated multiwalled carbon nanotube network." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 18 (December 25, 2017): 2549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317749715.

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Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in thermal conductivity of an immiscible blend of polyamides, 50/50 (wt%/wt%) polyamide 12/polyamide 6, was analyzed as function of nanofiller amount and temperature. Effect of the molding temperature in the structure of conductive network was investigated by rheology. Data show that 5 vol% multiwalled carbon nanotubes caused an increase of 41% in thermal diffusivity and 78% in thermal conductivity respect to polyamide blend values. Thermal conductivity improvement could be described by percolation theory, with a low threshold composition (φc = 0.09 vol% carbon nanotube). Fitting parameters obtained from Agari’s adjustment model show that polyamides structure is not affected by carbon nanotubes and the nanofillers can easily form conductive paths in the polyamide 12/polyamide 6 matrix. The temperature increase facilitates nanofiller dispersion causing the formation of a denser carbon nanotube network and rising the thermal diffusivity of carbon nanotube composites with low percolation level, as was proved on annealed samples at 255℃.
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Zhi, Chunyi, Yibin Xu, Yoshio Bando, and Dmitri Golberg. "Highly Thermo-conductive Fluid with Boron Nitride Nanofillers." ACS Nano 5, no. 8 (July 19, 2011): 6571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn201946x.

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Deng, H., R. Zhang, E. Bilotti, J. Loos, and T. Peijs. "Conductive polymer tape containing highly oriented carbon nanofillers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 113, no. 2 (July 15, 2009): 742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29624.

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Naresh, Chillu, Gandluri Parameswarreddy, Asapu Vinaya Kumar, Rengaswamy Jayaganthan, Venkatachalam Subramanian, Ramanujam Sarathi, and M. G. Danikas. "Understanding the dielectric properties and electromagnetic shielding efficiency of zirconia filled epoxy-MWCNT composites." Engineering Research Express 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 015008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac4a4a.

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Abstract In the present study, hybrid composites are prepared by reinforcing various concentrations of high permittivity zirconia nanofiller into epoxy/CNT compositions to test their usability in EMI shielding applications in the X and Ku bands. ZrO2 nanofiller is added in different proportions to improve absorbance shielding while maintaining the composite conductivity uniform by adding constant CNT concentration to restrict the reflectance shielding. The microscopic studies have revealed an efficient dispersion of ZrO2 nanoparticles in the CNT networks and provided a smoother surface. The presence of zirconia nanofillers increased the dielectric properties, viz. the dielectric constant (194 at 0.1 Hz) and loss tangent (1.57 at 0.1 Hz), respectively, whereas the conductivity was found to be invariantly constant. The increased permittivity of composites enhanced the shielding by absorption, while the shielding by reflection is least influenced by the addition of zirconia nanofiller. The addition of zirconia nanofillers increased the permittivity and tan delta, allowing charges to accumulate at the interfacial areas for incoming EM radiations, resulting in increased absorbance shielding. Limiting the CNT concentration in all composites to the same level resulted in the formation of conductive networks, thus resulting in uniform reflectance shielding for all the hybrid composites in the present study. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed the improvement in the storage modulus and activation energy due to the enhanced interfacial adhesion and cross-linked polymer density.
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Ribezzo, Alessandro, Matteo Fasano, Luca Bergamasco, Luigi Mongibello, and Eliodoro Chiavazzo. "Multi-Scale Numerical Modelling for Predicting Thermo-Physical Properties of Phase-Change Nanocomposites for Cooling Energy Storage." Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 2-4 (July 30, 2021): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.652-409.

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One major limitation of phase-change materials (PCM) for thermal energy storage comes from their poor thermal conductivity hindering heat transfer process and power density. Nanocomposites PCMs, where highly conductive nanofillers are dispersed into PCM matrices, have been exploited in the past decades as novel latent heat storage materials with enhanced thermal conductivity. A computational model based on continuum simulations capable to link microscopic characteristics of nanofillers and the bulk PCM with the macroscopic effective thermal conductivity of the resulting nanocomposite is the aim of this work. After preliminary mean-field simulations investigating the impact of the nanofiller aspect ratio on the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite, finite element simulations at reduced aspect ratios have been performed with corrected thermal conductivity values of the filler, to take into account the thermal interface resistances between fillers and matrix. Finally, the thermal conductivity at the actual aspect ratios has been extrapolated by the results obtained at reduced aspect ratios thus saving computational time and meshing efforts. This method has been validated through comparison against previous literature evidence and new experimental characterizations of nanocomposite PCMs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conductive nanofillers"

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Raimondo, Marialuigia. "Improving the aircraft safety by advanced structures and protecting nanofillers." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1480.

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2012 - 2013
Inspection and Maintenance are important aspects when considering the availability of aircraft for revenue flights. Modern airframe design is exploiting new exciting developments in materials and structures to construct ever more efficient air vehicle able to enable efficient maintenance. The improvement in the aircraft safety by advanced structures and protecting nanofillers is a revolutionary approach that should lead to the creation of novel generation of multifunctional aircraft materials with strongly desired properties and design flexibilities. In recent years, the development of new nanostructured materials has enabled an evolving shift from single purpose materials to multifunctional systems that can provide greater value than the base materials alone; these materials possess attributes beyond the basic strength and stiffness that typically drive the science and engineering of the material for structural systems. Structural materials can be designed to have integrated electrical, electromagnetic, flame resistance, and possibly other functionalities that work in synergy to provide advantages that reach beyond that of the sum of the individual capabilities. Materials of this kind have tremendous potential to impact future structural performance by reducing size, weight, cost, power consumption and complexity while improving efficiency, safety and versatility. It is a well-known fact that, actually, also a very advanced design of an aircraft has to take required inspection intervals into account. An aircraft with inherent protective abilities could help to significantly extend the inspection intervals, thereby increasing aircraft availability. The challenge in this research is to develop and apply a multifunctional composite for structural applications. The aim of this project is the formulation, preparation and characterization of structural thermosetting composites containing dispersed protective nanofillers. This project specifically targets composites tailored for multifunctional applications such as lightning strike protection, and flame resistance. These composites were designed to enable their application on next generation aircrafts. With regard to the objectives of this PhD project the multifunctional composite systems were developed with the aim of overcoming the following drawbacks of the composite materials: • reduced electrical conductivity; • poor flame resistance. The thermosetting material was projected considering compatibility criteria so that to integrate different functions into a material that is capable of bearing mechanical loads and serves as a structural material element. [edited by author]
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Benchirouf, Abderrahmane. "Carbonaceous Nanofillers and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Poly(styrenesulfonate) Nanocomposites for Wireless Sensing Applications." Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31903.

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The current state of wireless sensing technologies possesses a good reliability in terms of time response and sensing on movable parts or in embedded structures. Nevertheless, these tech- nologies involve energy supply such as battery and suffer from low resolution and bulky signal conditioning system for data processing. Thus, a RFID passive wireless sensor is a good candidate to overcome these issues. The feasibility of implementing microstrip patch antennas for sensing application were successfully investigated; however, low sensitivity was always a big issue to be concerned. Sensors based on nanocomposites attracted a lot of attention because of their excellent performance in term of light weight, high sensitivity, good stability and high resistance to corrosion but it lacks the capability of high conductivity, which limit their implication into RFID applications. This work introduces a novel high sensitive passive wireless strain and temperature sensors based on nanocomposites as sensing layer. To accomplish this, intrinsically conductive polymer based on carbon nanofillers nanocomposites are deeply studied and characterized. Then it’s performance is evaluated. Among them a novel tertiary nanocomposite is introduced, which opens the gate to new nanocomposite applications and thus broad- ens the application spectrum. Understanding the transport mechanism to improve the conductivity of the nanocomposite and extracting individually different models based on physical explanation of their piezoresistivity, and behavior under temperature and humidity have been developed. Afterwards, selected nanocomposites based on their high sensitivity to either strain or temperature are chosen to be used as sensing layer for patch antenna. The fabricated patch antenna has only one fundamental frequency, by determining the shift in its resonance frequency as function of the desired property to be measured; the wireless sensor characteristics are then examined. For strain sensing, the effect of strain is tested experimentally with the help of end-loaded beam measurement setup. For temperature sensing, the sensors are loaded in a controlled temperature/humid chamber and with the help of a vector network analyzer, the sensitivity of the antennas are extracted by acquiring the shift in the resonance frequency. The fabricated wireless sensors based on patch antenna are fabricated on very low lossy material to improve their gain and radiation pattern. This approach could be expanded also to include different type of substrates such as stretchable substrates i.e. elastomer polymer, very thing substrates such as Kapton, paper-based substrates or liquid crystal polymer.
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Po-TingLin and 林柏廷. "Exploring the Effects of Nanofillers on the Lithium Ion Conduction Mechanism of Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Battery via Multiscale Molecular Simulation." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mdk4u2.

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Books on the topic "Conductive nanofillers"

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Choudhury, Arupjyoti. Conducting Polymers Reinforced with Carbon Nanofillers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conductive nanofillers"

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Hong, Haiping, Dustin Thomas, Mark Horton, Yijiang Lu, Jing Li, Pauline Smith, and Walter Roy. "Nanocomposites of Polymers Made Conductive by Nanofillers." In Nanostructured Conductive Polymers, 737–63. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470661338.ch19.

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Mahmood, Tahira, Abid Ullah, and Rahmat Ali. "Improved Nanocomposite Materials and Their Applications." In Nanocomposite Materials [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102538.

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Nanotechnologies and nanocomposite materials have gained the attention of scientific community in recent years. Nanocomposite material consists of several phases where at least one, two, or three dimensions are in the nanometer range. Nanocomposites with advanced carbon nanostructures i.e., carbon nanotube (CNTs) and graphene, attachments have been regarded as promising prospects. CNTs and graphene-based improved nanocomposites are usually categorized into various classes based on different types of discontinues phases. The nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanomaterials i.e., CNTs and graphene have been explored extensively for use as engineering materials in several demanding applications because of their excellent properties. The present book chapter has been prepared in three main sections. In the first portion, nanocomposites and carbon nanofillers i.e., CNTS and graphene have been presented. In the second part, different types of CNTs and graphene-based improved nanocomposites have been described with reported literature. In the third section, focus is on the applications of improved nanocomposites such as energy storage, antimicrobial activity, gene delivery, catalyzed organic reactions, radar adsorbing materials, actuators, wind turbine blades, pollutant removal, aerospace industry, and conductive plastics.
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Kumar Kambila, Vijaya. "Structural, Optical, and Electrical Studies of PAN-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Solid-State Battery Applications." In Management and Applications of Energy Storage Devices. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98825.

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Gel polymer electrolyte films (GPEs) based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) complexed with NaF salt and an Al2O3 nanofiller were prepared via solution cast method. Structural studies were performed to investigate the order of conductivity under the influence of salt and nanofillers. The prepared films were characterized using energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) to determine the chemical composition in wt%. EDS studies reveal that PAN–NaF with Al2O3 ceramic filler decreases the degree of crystallinity with increasing concentration of the nanofiller. The UV–Vis spectrum was recorded by a Hewlett-Packard HP8452A diode array spectrometer. The structural effect of salt and nanoparticles on the conductivity was also confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the prepared polymer electrolytes were determined using a Universal Tensile Machine (Instron Model 5565, Canada) with a constant crosshead speed of 10 mm/min. The addition of nanoparticles increased both the modulus and the strength of the polymer nanocomposites. Both the tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased with increasing functionalized nanoparticle loading. The change in transition temperature caused by the incorporation of the Al2O3 nanofiller and plasticizer into the PAN+NaF complex was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Additionally, DSC thermograms were recorded to measure the glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PAN-based electrolytes using a Mettler instrument. Conductivity studies were carried out for all the prepared polymer electrolytes to understand the conduction mechanism. The role of the ceramic phase is to reduce the melting temperature, which is ascertained from DSC. The sample containing PAN:NaF (70:30) exhibits the highest conductivity of 1.82 x 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature (303 K) and 2.96 x 10−3 S cm−1 at 378 K. The polymer electrolytes considered in the present study exhibited an Arrhenius type of conduction. The polymer electrolyte containing 3 wt% Al2O3 nanofiller showed an ionic conductivity of 5.96 × 10−3 S cm−1. To determine transfer numbers, Wagner’s polarization method can be used. From these studies, it is observed that the conduction mechanism is predominantly due to ions. Using this (PAN–NaF– Al2O3) (70:30:3) electrolyte, a solid-state electrochemical cell was fabricated, and its discharge profiles were studied under a constant load of 100 kΩ. Finally, several cell profiles associated with this cell were evaluated and reported.
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Kausar, Ayesha. "Essence of nanoparticles and functional nanofillers for conducting polymers." In Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites, 57–76. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822463-2.00001-4.

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Kausar, Ayesha. "Effect of interaction between conjugated polymers and nanofillers on sensing properties." In Conducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposites, 237–63. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822463-2.00003-8.

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Saeedi, Seyyedeh Narges, Shiva Mohajer, Gita Firouzan, and Mir Saeed Seyed Dorraji. "Conducting polymer/carbonaceous nanocomposite systems for antistatic applications." In Polymeric Nanocomposites with Carbonaceous Nanofillers for Aerospace Applications, 165–86. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-99657-0.00003-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conductive nanofillers"

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Frechette, M., S. B. Ghafarizadeh, S. Vadeboncoeur, E. Zribi, C. Vanga-Bouanga, and E. David. "Surface resistance to erosion for various polymer composites containing conductive nanofillers." In 2017 1st International Conference on Electrical Materials and Power Equipment (ICEMPE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icempe.2017.7982147.

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Liu, Min-Jie, Zi-Qin Zhu, Li-Wu Fan, and Zi-Tao Yu. "An Experimental Study of Inward Solidification of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials (NePCM) Inside a Spherical Capsule." In ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2016-7317.

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Nano-enhanced phase change materials (PCM), referred to as NePCM, have been proposed by doping highly thermally-conductive nanofillers into matrix PCM to prepare composites that have enhanced thermal conductivity. The classical problem of inward solidification of PCM inside a spherical capsule, with applications to thermal energy storage, was revisited in the presence of nanofillers. In this work, the model NePCM samples were prepared with 1-tetradecanol (C14H30O) possessing a nominal melting point of 37 °C as the matrix PCM. Graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) were synthesized and utilized as the nanofillers at loadings up to 1% by weight. The transient phase change and heat transfer during solidification were characterized by means of an indirect method that is based on the knowledge of transient volume shrinkage of the PCM. The experimental results showed that the total solidification time becomes shorter with increasing the loading of GNPs, in accordance to the increased effective thermal conductivity of the NePCM samples.
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Ch, Hopmann, and Fragner J. "Development of Electrically Conductive Plastics Compounds based on Copper Fibres in Combination with Nanofillers." In 9th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3353-7_270.

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Tallman, T. N., and K. W. Wang. "Damage Sensitivity and Multiple Damage Detection in Glass Fiber/Epoxy Laminates With Carbon Black Filler via Electrical Impedance Tomography." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7403.

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Utilizing conductivity changes to locate matrix damage in glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRPs) manufactured with nanocomposite matrices is a promising avenue of composite structural health monitoring (SHM) with the potential to ensure unprecedented levels of safety. Nanocomposites depend on the formation of well-connected nanofiller networks for electrical conductivity. Therefore, matrix damage that severs the connection between nanofillers will manifest as a local change in conductivity. This research advances state of the art conductivity-based SHM by employing electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to locate damage-induced conductivity changes in a glass fiber/epoxy laminate manufactured with carbon black (CB) filler. EIT for damage detection is characterized by identifying the lower threshold of through-hole detection and demonstrating the capability of EIT to accurately resolve multiple through holes. It is found that through holes as small as 3.18 mm in diameter can be detected, and EIT can detect multiple through holes. However, sensitivity to new through holes is diminished in the presence of existing through holes unless a damaged baseline is used. These research findings demonstrate the considerable potential of conductivity-based health monitoring for GFRP laminates with conductive networks of nanoparticles in the matrix.
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Koo, G. M., and T. N. Tallman. "On the Development of Tensorial Deformation-Resistivity Constitutive Relations in Conductive Nanofiller-Modified Composites." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-7965.

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Polymers modified with conductive nanofillers have recently received considerable attention from the research community because of their deformation-dependent electrical resistivity. Known as piezoresistivity, this self-sensing capacity of nanocomposites has much potential for structural health monitoring (SHM). However, making effective use of the piezoresistive effect for SHM necessitates having a good understanding of the deformation-resistivity change relationship in these materials. While much insightful work has been done to model and predict the piezoresistive effect, many existing models suffer from important limitations such as being limited to microscales, over-predicting piezoresistive responses, and not considering complex deformations. We herein address these limitations by developing tensor-based piezoresistivity constitutive relations. The supposition of this approach is that resistivity changes due to small deformations can be treated as isotropic and be completely described by only two piezoresistive constants — one associated with volumetric strains and a second associated with shear strains. These piezoresistive constants can easily be discerned from simple experiments not unlike the process of determining elastic constants. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by deriving these piezoresistive constants for an experimentally-validated analytical model in the existing literature. This work can enable much more accurate and easily-obtained piezoresistive relations thereby greatly facilitating the potential of resistivity change-based SHM.
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Lebedev, Oleg V., Alexander S. Kechek’yan, Vitaly G. Shevchenko, Tikhon S. Kurkin, Evgeny K. Golubev, Evgeny A. Karpushkin, Vladimir G. Sergeev, and Alexander N. Ozerin. "A study of the oriented composites with the conductive segregated structure obtained via solid-phase processing of the UHMWPE reactor powder mixed with the carbon nanofillers." In VIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949618.

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PARK, SOYEON, and KUN (KELVIN) FU. "ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF HIGH-LOADING POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES WITH MULTISCALE ALIGNMENT." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35753.

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Polymer nanocomposites have advantages in mechanical, electrical, and optical properties compared to individual components. These unique properties of the nanocomposites have attracted attention in many applications, including electronics, robotics, biomedical fields, automotive industries. To achieve their high performance, it is crucial to control the orientation of nanomaterials within the polymer matrix. For example, the electric conductivity will be maximized in the ordered direction of conductive nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Conventional fabrication methods are commonly used to obtain polymer nanocomposites with the controlled alignment of nanomaterials using electric or magnetic fields, fluid flow, and shear forces. Such approaches may be complex in preparing a manufacturing system, have low fabrication rate, and even limited structure scalability and complexity required for customized functional products. Recently, additive manufacturing (AM), also called 3D printing, has been developed as a major fabrication technology for nanocomposites with aligned reinforcements. AM has the ability to control the orientation of nanoparticles and offers a great way to produce the composites with cost-efficiency, high productivity, scalability, and design flexibility. Herein, we propose a manufacturing process using AM for the architected structure of polymer nanocomposites with oriented nanomaterials using a polylactic acid polymer as the matrix and graphite and CNTs as fillers. AM can achieve the aligned orientation of the nanofillers along the printing direction. Thus, it enables the fabrication of multifunctional nanocomposites with complex shapes and higher precision, from micron to macro scale. This method will offer great opportunities in the advanced applications that require complex multiscale structures such as energy storage devices (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors) and structural electronic devices (e.g., circuits and sensors).
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8

Hernandez, J. A., H. Zhu, F. Semperlotti, and T. N. Tallman. "The Transient Response of Piezoresistive CNF-Modified Epoxy Rods to One-Dimensional Wave Packet Excitation." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-67801.

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Abstract Introducing conductive nanofillers into polymeric, cementitious, and ceramic composites can impart multifunctional properties such as self-sensing capabilities via the piezoresistive effect. Much work has been done to utilize this multifunctionality for conductivity-based structural health monitoring (SHM) and condition monitoring. To date, the majority of such investigations concern static and quasi-static loading conditions. Much less work has been done with regard to general dynamic loading conditions such as transient wave propagation. This is an important gap in state of the art for two reasons: First, the self-sensing nature of these materials potentially allows for full-field (i.e. sub-surface) dynamics monitoring which cannot be achieved via traditional surface-mounted dynamic sensors. And second, conductivity-based and vibratory-based SHM are both independently well researched areas. Combined into a single, piezoresistive elastodynamic formulation, however, they may give rise to unprecedented new diagnostic capabilities. Therefore, the initial results presented in this manuscript seek to address this gap in the state of the art by experimentally exploring the role of dynamic excitation on transient piezoresistive behavior in nanocomposite structures. Specifically, an electromagnetic shaker is used to inject highly-controlled planar strain wave packets into a slender prismatic carbon nanofiber (CNF)-modified epoxy rod. Resistance measurements are then taken as the wave packets travel along the length of the rod. It was found that resistance changes taken from the rod are able to accurately reconstruct the injected strain wave and can be used to discern dynamic properties of CNF-modified epoxy. An external laser vibrometry (LV) system was used as extrinsic validation. Results from this preliminary investigation may lay the foundation for a new exciting field of fully coupled piezoresistive elastodynamics.
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I. Mourad, Abdel-Hamid, Mouza S. Al Mansoori, Lamia A. Al Marzooqi, Farah A. Genena, and Nizamudeen Cherupurakal. "Optimization of Curing Conditions and Nanofiller Incorporation for Production of High Performance Laminated Kevlar/Epoxy Nanocomposites." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-85067.

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Kevlar composite materials are getting scientific interest in repairing of oil and gas pipelines in both offshore and onshore due to their unique properties. Curing is one of the major factor in deciding the final mechanical performance of laminated Kevlar/epoxy nanocomposites. The parameters such as curing time, temperature and applied pressure during the hot pressing will affect chemistry of crosslinking of the epoxy matrix and interaction of epoxy with the Kevlar fiber. The present study is carried out to evaluate the optimal curing conditions of the Kevlar/epoxy nanocomposites. Three different nanofillers (namely Multi walled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)) are incorporated in different weight percentage. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) tests are carried out to determine the thermal stability and optimal curing conditions. Mechanical performance is investigated by conducting flexure, and drop weight tests. The results show that, the optimal curing temperature for maximizing the mechanical properties is at 170°C. Peeling off the Kevlar layers are observed for nanocomposite samples cured under 100°C. Mechanical strength of the composites is enhanced by optimizing the curing conditions and nanofiller contents.
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Taha-Tijerina, Jaime, T. N. Narayanan, Soorya Avali, and P. M. Ajayan. "2D Structures-Based Energy Management Nanofluids." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87890.

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Designing of compact electronic and electrical instruments needs the development of high efficient thermal and electrical management fluids. Recent advances in layered materials enable large scale synthesis of diverse two-dimensional (2D) structures. Some of these 2D materials are good choices as nanofillers in heat/electrical energy transfer fluids; mainly due to their high surface area available for energy conduction. Among various 2D nanostructures, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) or graphene (G) exhibit versatile properties such as outstanding thermal conductivity (TC), excellent mechanical stability, and remarkable chemical inertness. These 2D nanostructures have been used to create composite fluids for diverse thermal management applications, such as microelectronics, high voltage power transmission systems, automobiles, solar cells, biopharmaceuticals, medical therapy/diagnosis, and nuclear cooling, among others. The ever increasing thermal loads in applications now require advanced operational fluids, like high TC dielectric insulating fluids for electrical transformers. These fluids require superb filler dispersion, high thermal conduction, as well as electrical insulation. Such thermal oils that conform to this thermal/electrical requirement, and yet remain in highly suspended stable state, have not yet been synthesized. We discuss the synthesis and characterization of stable high TC and electrically conducting and non-conducting Newtonian nanofluids using liquid exfoliated layers of h-BN and G in dielectric mineral oil.
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