Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conductive Elements

Academic literature on the topic 'Conductive Elements'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Conductive Elements"

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Pawlak, Ryszard, Marcin Lebioda, Mariusz Tomczyk, Jacek Rymaszewski, Ewa Korzeniewska, and Maria Walczak. "Modelling and applications of conductive elements on textile materials." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 1645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-01-2018-0023.

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Purpose Passive conducting elements are the important parts of textronic systems. This paper aims to study a possibility of creating well-conducting and durable elements in textile materials by combining two technologies – physical vapour deposition (PVD) and laser patterning. Design/methodology/approach Thin conducting metallic layers on common fabrics do not provide satisfactory resistance to bending and stretching; therefore, selected textile composite materials have been proposed as a substrate. The conducting elements were produced in two stage process – deposition of thin metallic layer on textile composite and creating conducting elements by laser patterning. Laser ablation process was optimized using modelling in Comsol Multiphysics package. Properties of conducting structures were investigated experimentally and by modelling. Findings This paper confirms the correctness of the choice of the textile composite as a substrate for conducting elements. The results have shown that combining PVD deposition of thin metallic layer and controlled laser ablation allow creating passive elements such as resistors, inductive coils and heaters. Computer simulations conducted in the Comsol Multihysics environment enabled to determine the temperature distribution around the heaters and to describe the dynamics of its changes. The obtained results allow to shorten time of the optimization process of structures with different geometry and assumed temperature distribution. Originality/value The novelty of this research can be summarized as following: choosing of textile composites as substrates for conductive elements instead of textiles used so far in textronics; creating conductive structures on textile composites using combined technologies, PVD and laser patterning, for the first time; modelling of laser ablation process of thin metallic layer; and optimization of properties of conducting elements by computer modelling.
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Koncar, V., C. Cochrane, M. Lewandowski, F. Boussu, and C. Dufour. "Electro‐conductive sensors and heating elements based on conductive polymer composites." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 21, no. 2/3 (February 27, 2009): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220910933808.

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PurposeThe need for sensors and actuators is an important issue in the field of smart textiles and garments. Important developments in sensing and heating textile elements consist in using non‐metallic yarns, for instance carbon containing fibres, directly in the textile fabric. Another solution is to use electro‐conductive materials based on conductive polymer composites (CPCs) containing carbon or metallic particles. The purpose of this paper is to describe research based on the use of a carbon black polymer composite to design two electro‐conductive elements: a strain sensor and a textile heating element.Design/methodology/approachThe composite is applied as a coating consisting of a solvent, a thermoplastic elastomer, and conductive carbon black nanoparticles. In both applications, the integration of the electrical wires for the voltage supply or signal recording is as discreet as possible.FindingsThe CPC materials constitute a well‐adapted solution for textile structures: they are very flexible, and thus do not modify the mechanical characteristics and general properties of the textile structure.Research limitations/implicationsIn the case of the heating element, the use of metallic yarns as electrodes makes the final structure a more rigid. This can be improved by choosing other conducting yarns that are more flexible, or by developing knitted structures instead of woven fabrics.Practical implicationsThe CPC provide a low cost solution, and the elements are usually designed so as to work with a low voltage supply.Originality/valueThe CPC has been prepared with a solvent process which is especially adapted to flexible materials like textiles. This is original in comparison to the conventional melt‐mixing process usually found in literature.
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Watanabe, Yuichi, Kouji Suemori, Kazunori Kuribara, Nobuko Fukuda, Ken-ichi Nomura, and Sei Uemura. "Development of a simple contact-type printable physically unclonable function device using percolation conduction of rod-like conductive fillers." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, SE (March 24, 2022): SE1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac506b.

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Abstract We suggested a printable physically unclonable function (PUF) with a simple circuit structure, to provide a low-cost PUF for improvement in the security level of electronic devices. An element of our contact-type printable PUF was constructed of a conductive filler layer and a pair of electrodes formed by printing. The contact-type printable PUF was based on an open- or short-circuit information of elements induced by a percolation conduction phenomenon of the conductive filler layer. An average conduction probability of the elements could be controlled by adjusting the manufacturing conditions, but an actual appearance pattern of the conduction elements became completely random by the influence of the uncontrollable printing variations. We fabricated a thousand elements for each printing condition to evaluate the PUF performance statistically and obtained a random conduction pattern with a conduction probability of 48.3%. Therefore, our contact-type printable PUF had enough potential to be used as a PUF security system.
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Hsu, D. S., and C. H. Tsai. "Crack detection using electric conductive finite elements." Computers & Structures 45, no. 3 (October 1992): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90432-y.

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Goli, Elyas, Ian D. Robertson, Harshit Agarwal, Emmy L. Pruitt, Joshua M. Grolman, Philippe H. Geubelle, and Jeffrey S. Moore. "Frontal polymerization accelerated by continuous conductive elements." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 136, no. 17 (December 29, 2018): 47418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.47418.

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Chole, Richard A., Timothy E. Hullar, and Lisa G. Potts. "Conductive Component After Cochlear Implantation in Patients With Residual Hearing Conservation." American Journal of Audiology 23, no. 4 (December 2014): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_aja-14-0018.

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Purpose Changes in auditory thresholds following cochlear implantation are generally assumed to be due to damage to neural elements. Theoretical studies have suggested that placement of a cochlear implant can cause a conductive hearing loss. Identification of a conductive component following cochlear implantation could guide improvements in surgical techniques or device designs. The purpose of this study is to characterize new-onset conductive hearing losses after cochlear implantation. Method In a prospective study, air- and bone-conduction audiometric testing were completed on cochlear implant recipients. An air–bone gap equal to or greater than 15 dB HL at 2 frequencies determined the presence of a conductive component. Results Of the 32 patients with preoperative bone-conduction hearing, 4 patients had a new-onset conductive component resulting in a mixed hearing loss, with air-conduction thresholds ranging from moderate to profound and an average air–bone gap of 30 dB HL. One had been implanted through the round window, 2 had an extended round window, and 1 had a separate cochleostomy. Conclusions Loss of residual hearing following cochlear implantation may be due in part to a conductive component. Identifying the mechanism for this conductive component may help minimize hearing loss. Postoperative hearing evaluation should measure both air- and bone-conduction thresholds.
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Zhang, Wenfeng, Jingxue Yu, and Haixin Chang. "Two dimensional nanosheets as conductive, flexible elements in biomaterials." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 25 (2015): 4959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb00087d.

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Luchka, M. V., O. V. Derevyanko, M. S. Kovalchenko, and M. V. Kindrachuk. "Consolidation of Non-Conductive Cutting Elements of Abrasive Tool." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 53, no. 5-6 (September 2014): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-014-9615-1.

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Liu, Su, Yanping Liu, and Li Li. "The impact of different proportions of knitting elements on the resistive properties of conductive fabrics." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 5 (April 10, 2018): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518758003.

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Conductive yarn is the key factor in fabricating electronic textiles. Generally, three basic fabric production methods (knit, woven, and non-woven) combined with two finishing processes (embroidery and print) are adopted to embed conductive yarns into fabrics to achieve flexible electronic textiles. Conductive yarns with knit structure are the most flexible and effective form of electronic textiles. Electronic textiles present many advantages over conventional electronics. However, in the process of commercialization of conductive knitted fabrics, it is a great challenge to control the complicated resistive networks in conductive knitted fabrics for the purpose of cost saving and good esthetics. The resistive networks in conductive knitted fabrics contain length-related resistance and contact resistance. The physical forms of conductive yarns in different fabrication structures can be very different and, thus, the contact resistance varies greatly in different fabrics. So far, study of controlling the resistive property of conductive fabrics has not been conducted. Therefore, establishing a systematic method for the industry as a reference source to produce wearable electronics is in great demand. During the industrialization of conductive knitted fabrics, engineers can estimate the resistive property of the fabric in advance, which makes the production process more effective and cost efficient. What is more, the resistive distribution in the same area of knitted fabrics can be fully controlled.
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Buică, G., A. E. Antonov, C. Beiu, D. Pasculescu, and C. Sipos. "Study on behaviour of electrical insulating materials combined with conductive elements." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1251, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1251/1/012006.

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Abstract The study presents the research results on the identification of technical and safety requirements specific to work equipment made of electrical insulation materials combined with conductive elements, to guarantee safety in use. The identification of the technical and safety requirements specific to the work equipment that is provided with electrically insulating materials combined with conductive elements was carried out, taking into account the safety conditions that must be guaranteed from the design and manufacturing phase. The national technical norms for live work stipulate that the work equipment used for electrical installations must be certified from the point of view of safety and health at work. Research study shows the behavior of various electrical insulation materials combined with conductive elements under the influence of mechanical, electrical, thermal and environmental factors to verify and certify the safety function that must be guaranteed in use. The research results consist of the development of the experimentation and evaluation methodology concerning the legal regulations in force and the evaluation of compliance with the technical and safety requirements identified for work equipment that is provided with electrical insulation materials combined with conductive elements - occupational health of workers and a safe work environment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conductive Elements"

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Gilvary, B. "Element by Element methods for heat conduction problems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378333.

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Lediaev, Laura Marie. "Finite element modeling of piezoelectric bimorphs with conductive polymer electrodes." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/lediaev/LediaevL0510.pdf.

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The purpose of my research has been to find a good way to solve for the mechanical and electrical behavior of piezoelectric polymer bimorphs which are electroded with a low to medium conductivity material. Traditionally, metal with very high conductivity has been used as the electrode material. Any applied voltage to an electrode will be distributed nearly instantaneously and uniformly throughout the electrode. Because of this quality, the voltage was assumed to be known and uniform for any applied voltage signal, including high frequency signals. The disadvantage of metal is that it is stiffer than polymers, and thus impedes the bending of the bimorph to a greater extent than for comparable polymer electrodes. With the modern invention of conductive polymers with acceptably high conductivities, it is now possible to manufacture piezoelectric devices with finite conductivity electrodes. For all but the very lowest frequencies of applied voltage signals, the voltage distribution cannot be assumed to be uniform throughout the electrode, nor can it be assumed to be exactly in phase. With finite conductivity electrodes there will be a loss in voltage amplitude due to resistivity, and there will also be a phase lag. The piezoelectric problem involves solving a coupled set of differential equations which involve mechanical displacement and electric potential. The electrical behavior of the electrodes is also included in the formulation, so that the voltage distribution in the electrodes is solved for simultaneously with the mechanical displacement and electric potential in the piezoelectric sheets. In this dissertation the coupled set of differential equations was solved using the Finite Element Method with quadratic Lagrange finite elements. The piezoelectric polymer which was modeled was polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The conductive polymer of interest was PEDOT-PSS, although the model is valid for any type of isotropic finite conductivity material. The results of the work show that for moderate conductivity, the mechanical response of the bimorph is very good. There will not be a large phase lag within the first frequency mode. The bimorph resonates at low frequencies, and so any large effect from finite conductivity would only occur at higher modes.
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Yin, John Zhihao. "Finite element model of cardiac electrical conduction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26859.

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Hamina, M. (Martti). "Some boundary element methods for heat conduction problems." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951425614X.

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Abstract This thesis summarizes certain boundary element methods applied to some initial and boundary value problems. Our model problem is the two-dimensional homogeneous heat conduction problem with vanishing initial data. We use the heat potential representation of the solution. The given boundary conditions, as well as the choice of the representation formula, yield various boundary integral equations. For the sake of simplicity, we use the direct boundary integral approach, where the unknown boundary density appearing in the boundary integral equation is a quantity of physical meaning. We consider two different sets of boundary conditions, the Dirichlet problem, where the boundary temperature is given and the Neumann problem, where the heat flux across the boundary is given. Even a nonlinear Neumann condition satisfying certain monotonicity and growth conditions is possible. The approach yields a nonlinear boundary integral equation of the second kind. In the stationary case, the model problem reduces to a potential problem with a nonlinear Neumann condition. We use the spaces of smoothest splines as trial functions. The nonlinearity is approximated by using the L2-orthogonal projection. The resulting collocation scheme retains the optimal L2-convergence. Numerical experiments are in agreement with this result. This approach generalizes to the time dependent case. The trial functions are tensor products of piecewise linear and piecewise constant splines. The proposed projection method uses interpolation with respect to the space variable and the orthogonal projection with respect to the time variable. Compared to the Galerkin method, this approach simplifies the realization of the discrete matrix equations. In addition, the rate of the convergence is of optimal order. On the other hand, the Dirichlet problem, where the boundary temperature is given, leads to a single layer heat operator equation of the first kind. In the first approach, we use tensor products of piecewise linear splines as trial functions with collocation at the nodal points. Stability and suboptimal L2-convergence of the method were proved in the case of a circular domain. Numerical experiments indicate the expected quadratic L2-convergence. Later, a Petrov-Galerkin approach was proposed, where the trial functions were tensor products of piecewise linear and piecewise constant splines. The resulting approximative scheme is stable and convergent. The analysis has been carried out in the cases of the single layer heat operator and the hypersingular heat operator. The rate of the convergence with respect to the L2-norm is also here of suboptimal order.
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Baranowski, Robert Paul. "Numerical modelling of current transfer in nonlinear anisotropic conductive media." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/104785.

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Current transfer behaviour in anisotropic superconducting bodies is the central topic of this thesis and focuses on the effect that the nonlinearity of the electric field dependence upon the local current density value and anisotropy have on the nature of current transport. The main motivation for this work was the desire for a better understanding of the conceptually difficult behaviour of current transport in superconducting bodies and examines current transfer quantitatively for a number of important problems on the macroscopic and microscopic scale. This behaviour is examined both experimentally and using computer models. The successful development of a powerful, robust and adaptable numerical model for analysing the complex current transfer behaviour has been the primary aim of this work. The range of parameters appropriate to macroscopic models of the Bi-2212 CRT system has been experimentally examined using a specifically constructed apparatus for the measurement of current transport characteristics. A study of the self-field properties of the Bi-2212 CRT material using a new experimental technique and mathematical analysis is presented and has allowed the importance of the self-field effect in the numerical model to be assessed. An essential requirement for the practical application of high current superconducting devices is the development of low resistance current contacts. The research presented examines this macroscopic current transfer problem and aims to explain experimentally observed current transfer characteristics at high applied currents. Existing models cannot explain these characteristics. Current transfer on the microscopic scale is also examined. Models of current transfer have been developed from descriptions of specific microstructures that are thought to characterise the microstructure of Bi-2223 and Bi-2212 silver-sheathed tapes. This thesis specifically presents modelling of current transfer between c-axis, low-angle c-axis and edge-on c-axis tilt oriented grain interfaces; the principal current transfer paths between individual current elements of the microstructural models of current flow in polycrystalline HTSs.
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Fischer, Kristin Mckeon. "Creation and Characterization of Several Polymer/Conductive Element Composite Scaffolds for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77305.

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After skeletal muscle damage, satellite cells move towards the injured area to assist in regeneration. However, these cells are rare as their numbers depend on the age and composition of the injured muscle. This regeneration method often results in scar tissue formation along with loss of function. Although several treatment methods have been investigated, no muscle replacement treatment currently exists. Tissue engineering attempts to create, repair, and/or replace damaged tissue by combining cells, biomaterials, and tissue-inducing substances such as growth factors. Electrospinning produces a non-woven scaffold out of biomaterials with fiber diameters ranging from nanometers to microns to create an extracellular-like matrix on which cells attach and proliferate. Our focus is on synthetic polymers, specifically poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLA), poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Skeletal muscle cells grown on electrospun scaffolds tend to elongate and fuse together thus, mimicking natural tissue. Electrical stimulation has been shown to increase the number of cells fused in culture and decreased the time needed in culture for cells to contract. Therefore, a conductive element was added to each scaffold, specifically polyaniline (PANi), gold nanoparticles (Au Nps), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Our project goal is to create a polymeric, conductive, and biocompatible scaffold for skeletal muscle regeneration. PANi and PDLA were mixed to form the following solutions 24% (83% PDLA/17% PANi), 24% (80% PDLA/20% PANi), 22% (75%PDLA/25% PANi), 29% (83% PDLA/17% PANi), and 29% (80% PDLA/20% PANi). Only the 75/25 electrospun scaffold was conductive and had a calculated conductivity of 0.0437 S/cm. Scaffolds with larger amounts of PANi were unable to be electrospun. PDLA/PANi scaffolds were biocompatible as primary rat skeletal muscle cells cultured in vitro did attach. However, the scaffolds shrunk, degraded easily, and became brittle. Although PDLA/PANi scaffolds were easily manufactured, our results indicate that this polymer mixture is not appropriate for skeletal muscle scaffolds. PLLA and Au Nps were electrospun together to form three composite scaffolds: 7% Au-PLLA, 13% Au-PLLA, and 21% Au-PLLA. These were compared to PLLA electrospun scaffolds. Measured scaffold conductivities were 0.008 ± 0.015 S/cm for PLLA, 0.053 ± 0.015 S/cm for 7% Au-PLLA, 0.076 ± 0.004 S/cm for 13% Au-PLLA, and 0.094 ± 0.037 S/cm for 21% Au-PLLA. It was determined via SEM with a Bruker energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS) that the Au Nps were not evenly distributed within the scaffolds as they had agglomerated. Rat primary muscle cells cultured on the three Au-PLLA scaffolds displayed low cellular activity. A second cell study was conducted to determine Au NPs toxicity. The results show that the Au Nps were not toxic to the cells and the low cellular activity may be a marker for myotube fusion. Elastic modulus and yield stress values for the three Au-PLLA scaffolds measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 were much larger than skeletal muscle tissue. Due to the larger mechanical properties and Au Nps agglomeration, a third polymer and conductive element scaffold was investigated. PCL was chosen as the new synthetic polymer as it had a lower elastic modulus and high elongation. MWCNT were chosen as the conductive element as they disperse well within PCL when acid functionalized. A third component was added to the scaffold to help it move similar to skeletal muscle. Ionic polymer gels (IPG) are hydrogels that respond to an external stimulus such as temperature, pH, light, and electric field. A poly(acrylic acid)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PAA/PVA) mixture is one type of IGP that responds to an electric field. The scaffolds were coaxially electrospun so that each fiber had a PCL-MWCNT interior with a PAA/PVA sheath. These scaffolds were compared to electrospun PCL and PCL-MWCNT ones. The addition of MWCNT to the PCL did increase scaffold conductivity. Actuation of the PCL-MWCNT-PAA/PVA scaffold occurred when 15V and 20V were applied. All three scaffolds had rat primary skeletal muscle cells attached but, more multinucleated cells with actin interaction were seen on PCL-MWCNT-PAA/PVA scaffolds. Once again the mechanical properties were greater than muscle, but because of its ability to actuate we believe the PCL-MWCNT-PAA/PVA scaffold has potential as a bioartificial muscle. Further characterization of the PCL-MWCNT-PAA/PVA included varying the ratios of PAA/PVA, smaller crosslinking times, and lower amounts of MWCNT. Four ratios, 83/17, 60/40, 50/50, and 40/60, were successfully coaxially electrospun with PCL and MWCNT. Overall, very few differences were seen between the four ratios in conductivity, cellular biocompatibility, actuation angular speed, and mechanical properties. The 83/17 and 40/60 ratios were chosen for additional investigation into mechanical properties and actuation. As the mechanical properties of the two types of scaffolds did not change significantly through degradation, lower PVA crosslinking times were tested. No significant effects were found and it was hypothesized that the evaporation of the solution played a role in the crosslinking process. The smaller MWCNT amount scaffolds also did not significantly affect the mechanical properties or the actuation angular speeds. More work into lowering the scaffold mechanical properties while increasing the actuation angular speed is necessary. Though the mechanical properties for the 83/17 and 40/60 scaffolds remained high compared to skeletal muscle, we also looked for differences in in vivo biocompatibility. Both scaffolds were implanted into the right vastus lateralis muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats. The left vastus lateralis muscle served as either the PBS injected sham surgery or an unoperated control. Biocompatibility was evaluated using enzymes, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), levels, fibrosis formation, inflammation, scaffold cellular infiltration, and neovascularization on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-implantation. Fibrotic tissue formation, inflammation, and elevated CK and LDH levels were observed initially but responses decreased during the four week study. Cells infiltrated the scaffolds and histological staining showed more fibroblasts than myogenic cells initially but over time, the fibroblasts decreased and myogenic cells increased. Neovascularization of both scaffolds was also recorded. PCL-MWCNT-PAA/PVA scaffolds were determined to be biocompatible, but some differences between the two types were noted. The 83/17 scaffolds caused less of a response from the body compared to the 40/60 scaffolds and had more myogenic cells attached. However, the 40/60 scaffolds had a larger number of blood vessels running through the scaffold. In conclusion, we have successfully fabricated a polymeric, conductive, and biocompatible scaffold that can actuate for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Although our results are promising, more work is necessary to continue developing and refining the scaffold.
Ph. D.
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Gaugele, Timo [Verfasser]. "Application of the Discrete Element Method to Model Ductile, Heat Conductive Materials / Timo Gaugele." Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1075437350/34.

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Zhang, Lei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. "A boundary element method with surface conductive absorbers for 3-D analysis of nanophotonics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62462.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-132).
Fast surface integral equation (SIE) solvers seem to be ideal approaches for simulating 3-D nanophotonic devices, as these devices generate fields both in an interior channel and in the infinite exterior domain. However, many devices of interest, such as optical couplers, have channels that cannot be terminated without generating reflections. Generating absorbers for these channels is a new problem for SIE methods, as the methods were initially developed for problems with finite surfaces. In this thesis, we show that the obvious approach for eliminating reflections, making the channel mildly conductive outside the domain of interest, is inaccurate. We propose a new method in which the absorber has gradually increasing surface conductivity; such an absorber can be easily incorporated in fast integral equation solvers. We present two types of PMCHW-based formulations to incorporate the surface conductivity into the SIE method. The accuracy of the two-type formulations are examined and discussed using an example of the scattering of a Mie sphere with surface conductivities. Moreover, we implement two different FFT-accelerated algorithms for the periodic non-absorbing region and the non-periodic absorbing region. In addition, we use perturbation theory and Poynting's theorem, respectively, to calculate the field decay rate due to the surface conductivity. We show a saturation phenomenon when the electrical surface conductivity is large. However, we show that the saturation is not a problem for the surface absorber since the absorber typically operates in a small surface conductivity regime. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the surface conductive absorber by truncating a rectangular waveguide channel. Numerical results show that this new method is orders of magnitude more effective than a volume absorber. We also show that the transition reflection decreases in a power law with increasing the absorber length. We further apply the surface conductive absorber to terminate a waveguide with period-a sinusoidally corrugated sidewalls. We show that a surface absorber that can perform well when the periodic waveguide system is excited with a large group-velocity mode may fail when excited with a smaller group-velocity mode, and give an asymptotic relation between the surface absorber length, transition reflections and group velocity. Numerical results are given to validate the asymptotic prediction.
by Lei Zhang.
Ph.D.
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Guven, Ibrahim. "A coupled finite element-boundary element method for two dimensional transient heat conduction and thermoelastic analyses." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289183.

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A new algorithm for coupling boundary and finite element methods is developed for transient two dimensional heat conduction and thermoelastic analyses of regions with dissimilar materials and geometric discontinuities. Such regions are susceptible to failure initiation in electronic devices. As the component size decreases while enhancing performance, the accurate prediction of thermal and thermoelastic response of such devices is critical for achieving acceptable design. This study concerns both the conduction heat transfer and thermoelasticity. Solution to transient heat conduction equation provides the non-uniform thermal field for the thermoelastic analysis. Although the finite element method (FEM) is highly efficient and commonly used, its application with conventional elements to complex layered structures with length parameters varying in order of magnitudes leads to inaccurate and mesh dependent results. The accuracy of the results from the boundary element method (BEM) formulation, which requires computationally intensive integration schemes, is much higher than that of the FEM. This new algorithm combines the advantages of both methods while not requiring the commonly accepted iterations along the interfaces between BEM and FEM domains. The BEM part of the solution, acting as a global element, captures the singular nature of the solution variables arising from geometrical and material discontinuities and, eliminates the mesh dependency.
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Barnes, Johanna S. "Teachers' continuation of action research elements after conducting studies during a Master's program." Thesis, University of South Dakota, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3589862.

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Teachers are critical to student learning in the classroom, and just like students, teachers perform better when they are able to make choices based on what is relevant to them. Action research is a way for teachers to systematically inquire and reflect to make necessary improvements in practice for student learning. This study involved teachers who had conducted action research as a component of their Master's in Curriculum and Instruction program at one Midwest college. It examined teachers' perceived lasting benefits of conducting action research, the elements they continue to implement, and the supports of and limitations to continuation of the practice.

As part of a mixed-method study, a researcher-developed survey was first used. Seventy-seven teachers provided responses to the online survey. Fifteen survey participants volunteered to offer narrative elaboration of their responses in a follow-up telephone interview.

The compiled data included totals and percentages from the survey and themes and quotations from the teachers' narrative responses. Together, the findings revealed that 98% of the teachers felt they benefited from conducting action research. They perceived the greatest professional benefits of conducting action research to be thinking more reflectively, positively impacting student learning, and inquiring more about their practice.

Teachers were continuing to conduct action research based on the impact they perceived the practice had on their students' success in the classroom. The elements they continued most often were identifying a focus, collecting and analyzing data, and reflecting on the process. This practice allowed them to learn from evaluating the effectiveness of their implementations and realize there was rigor and relevance to what they were doing.

With 92% of participants desiring to continue action research, two major factors were given as greatest support for continuation. Teachers desired a combination of collaboration with peers on issues that mattered to them and time in the school day to collaborate and conduct action research.

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Books on the topic "Conductive Elements"

1

Finite element methods in mechanics. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Divo, E. Boundary element method for heat conduction: With applications in non-homogenous media. Southampton: WIT, 2003.

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Salamon, N. J. Analysis for thermo-chemical decomposition of composite structures: Final report. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, College of Engineering, 1995.

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Falconer, David A. Relative elemental abundance and heating constraints determined for the solar corona from SERTS measurements. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1994.

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Falconer, David A. Relative elemental abundance and heating constraints determined for the solar corona from SERTS measurements. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1994.

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Falcomer, David A. Relative elemental abundance and heating constraints determined for the solar corona from SERTS measurements. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1994.

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B, Ingham Derek. The boundary element method for solving improperly posed problems. Southampton, UK: Computational Mechanics Pub., 1994.

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Kuz'min, Nikolay, and Aleksandr Kustikov. Diagnostics of modern cars. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1078766.

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The textbook contains the main provisions of the theory of automobile diagnostics, methods and characteristic technological processes for diagnosing automobile engines, structural elements of the transmission, chassis, bodywork, and active safety systems. The theoretical material is supported by the description of practical technologies for conducting diagnostics of modern car systems. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. Recommended for undergraduates and bachelors of all forms of education in the areas of training 23.04.03 and 23.03.03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes".
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Mihaylikov, Vitaliy, Pavel Voynov, Aleksandr Tarasenko, and Sergey Kolmykov. Tactical and special training. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1083291.

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The textbook deals with the basics of the legal and organizational regulation of the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs in emergency situations, highlights the tactics of the actions of the Department of Internal Affairs officers as part of service orders and functional groups during special operations, presents the methodology for calculating the forces and means of the Department of Internal Affairs when performing operational and service-combat tasks in various operational conditions, shows various tactical techniques for conducting active actions as part of a group of forces and means, elements of its combat order. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for cadets, trainees and students studying in the specialties 40.05.01 "Legal support of national security"; 40.05.02, 40.02.02 "Law enforcement"; in the direction of training 40.03.01 "Jurisprudence".
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Shishkina, Elena. Tactical and forensic support of investigative activities: a workshop. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1546031.

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The workshop is a set of educational and methodological materials intended for the development of the course "Tactical and forensic support of investigative activities". For each topic of the course, there is a list of studied and control questions, a list of recommended literature, as well as a set of control and measuring materials-test tasks, situational tasks. As elements of the methodological support of the course, the workshop contains samples of scenarios of business games and other interactive forms of conducting practical classes (discussions on problematic issues of the course), materials for performing creative tasks. Practical tasks are compiled on the basis of materials of investigative and judicial practice. Samples of tasks for correspondence students and methodological recommendations for their implementation, as well as sample topics of abstracts and other research papers of students are presented. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students and undergraduates of law schools and faculties studying under the programs of specialized training of investigative workers. It may also be of interest to the teaching staff of universities as a methodological support for training programs for specialists in various fields of law enforcement activity.
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Book chapters on the topic "Conductive Elements"

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Kolisnyk, R., M. Korab, M. Iurzhenko, O. Masiuchok, A. Shadrin, Ye Mamunya, S. Pruvost, and V. Demchenko. "Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites for Novel Heating Elements." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 215–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6133-3_22.

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Yvonnet, Julien. "Conduction Properties." In Computational Homogenization of Heterogeneous Materials with Finite Elements, 29–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18383-7_3.

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Büttiker, M., and T. Christen. "Basic Elements of Electrical Conduction." In Quantum Transport in Semiconductor Submicron Structures, 263–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1760-6_13.

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Eslami, M. Reza. "Conduction Heat Transfer in Solids." In Finite Elements Methods in Mechanics, 95–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08037-6_6.

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MacDiarmid, A. G., J. C. Chiang, A. F. Richter, N. L. D. Somasiri, and A. J. Epstein. "Polyaniline: Synthesis and Characterization of the Emeraldine Oxidation State by Elemental Analysis." In Conducting Polymers, 105–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3907-3_9.

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Wrobel, L. C., and D. B. DeFigueiredo. "Coupled Conduction-Convection Problems." In Boundary Element Methods in Heat Transfer, 123–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2902-2_5.

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Papachristou, Costas J. "Elements of Field Theory." In Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory and the Physics of Conducting Solids, 65–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30996-1_4.

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Kassab, A. J., and S. Chesla. "CVBEM Solution of Nonlinear Heat Conduction Problems." In Boundary Element Technology VII, 457–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2872-8_31.

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Huang, Hou-Cheng, and Asif S. Usmani. "Temporal Discretisation for Heat Conduction." In Finite Element Analysis for Heat Transfer, 49–61. London: Springer London, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2091-9_4.

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Nowak, Andrzej J. "Boundary Element Method in Heat Conduction." In Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses, 415–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2739-7_376.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conductive Elements"

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Aoki, Y., H. Deguchi, and M. Tsuji. "Reflectarray with arbitrarily-shaped conductive elements optimized by genetic algorithm." In 2011 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2011.5996437.

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Higashi, Daichi, Hiroyuki Deguchi, and Mikio Tsuji. "GA-produced conductive resonant elements for orthogonal polarization conversion reflectarray." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compem.2017.7912814.

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West, David L., Fred C. Montgomery, and Timothy R. Armstrong. "High-T NOx Sensing Elements Using Conductive Oxides and Pt." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0854.

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Development of NOx sensing elements intended for operation at T ∼600 °C are described. The elements were fabricated by depositing co-planar La1-x Srx BO3 (B = Cr, Fe) and Pt electrodes on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates. Characterization of the elements included response to NO2 and NO as well as the [O2] dependence of the NO2 response. Much stronger (∼ 40 mV for 450 ppm NO2 in 7 vol% O2 at 600 °C) sensing responses were observed for NO2 than NO, indicating these elements are best suited for detection of NO2. Pronounced asymmetries were observed between the NO2 step response and recovery times for the elements, with temperature being the primary variable governing the recovery times in the temperature range 500–700 °C.
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Kondratov, A. P., A. M. Zueva, and I. V. Nagornova. "Parameters dynamics estimation method for printed electronics conductive elements layers." In 2017 Dynamics of Systems, Mechanisms and Machines (Dynamics). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dynamics.2017.8239465.

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Chietera, Francesco Paolo, Giovanni Andrea Casula, Riccardo Colella, Giorgio Montisci, Giacomo Muntoni, and Luca Catarinucci. "3D Printing of Antenna Conductive Elements through Fused Filament Techniques." In 2022 IEEE 12th International Conference on RFID Technology and Applications (RFID-TA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfid-ta54958.2022.9924144.

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Smorgonskiy, Alexander, Farhad Rachidi, and Marcos Rubinstein. "Modeling lightning current distribution in conductive elements of a wind turbine blade." In 2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclp.2014.6973352.

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Bastianelli, Luca, Franco Moglie, and Valter Mariani Primiani. "Shielding Effectiveness of Randomly Distributed Conductive Elements: Experimental Analysis and Simplified Model." In 2018 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC EUROPE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emceurope.2018.8485166.

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Chietera, Francesco P., Riccardo Colella, Akash Verma, Eleonora Ferraris, Carola Esposito Corcione, and Luca Catarinucci. "Fully 3D-printed UHF RFID Antennas: Technological Comparison to Realize Conductive Elements." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology and Applications (RFID-TA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfid-ta53372.2021.9617351.

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Meuser, Carmen, Andreas Willert, and Ralf Zichner. "Printed Functional Applications: Batteries, Communication Elements, Antennas and Conductive Paths on Technical Textiles." In 2019 22nd European Microelectronics and Packaging Conference & Exhibition (EMPC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/empc44848.2019.8951854.

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Musii, Roman, Nataliya Melnyk, Veronika Dmytruk, Inga Svidrak, Beata Kushka, and Hanna Shayner. "Study of Thermomechanical Behavior of Electrically Conductive Tubular Elements During Magnetic Impulse Processing." In 2022 IEEE XVIII International Conference on the Perspective Technologies and Methods in MEMS Design (MEMSTECH). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memstech55132.2022.10002925.

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Reports on the topic "Conductive Elements"

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Holmes, Jr, and Larry R. Precision Rolled-Ink Nano-Technology; Development of a Direct Write Technique for the Fabrication of Thin Films and Conductive Elements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada571899.

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Sirkis, Jim. Boundary Element (Integral) Solutions to Heat Conduction Problems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada175530.

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Ingber, M. S. THERM3D -- A boundary element computer program for transient heat conduction problems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10132515.

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Buzko, Viktoriia L., Alla V. Bonk, and Vitaliy V. Tron. Implementation of Gamification and Elements of Augmented Reality During the Binary Lessons in a Secondary School. [б. в.], November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2663.

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The purpose of the research is to consider the possibilities of gamification and elements of augmented reality in the secondary school during the binary lessons in Physics and English. The objective of the research is to give examples of conducting binary lessons by means of gaming and elements of augmented reality. The object of the research is the process of teaching Physics and English in a secondary school. The subject of the research is the use of gamification and the elements of augmented reality when conducting binary lessons in a secondary school. The article considers the possibility of introducing the elements of augmented reality and gamification in a secondary school during the binary lessons. Examples of binary lessons for the secondary school students using gamification and augmented reality elements are given. The introduction of various types of educational activities during the binary lessons is analyzed. The results of the research indicate that gamification and the introduction of the elements of augmented reality in the process of studying in a secondary school contribute to the formation and development of cognitive interest of students in Physics and English; it will promote the application of scientific and technical knowledge in real life.
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Glass, Micheal W., Roy E. ,. Jr Hogan, and David K. Gartling. COYOTE : a finite element computer program for nonlinear heat conduction problems. Part I, theoretical background. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/986602.

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Barajas, Jesus, Lindsay Braun, Amanda Merck, Bob Dean, Paul Esling, and Heidy Persaud. The State of Practice in Community Impact Assessment. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-011.

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The objective of this research was to provide recommendations to the Illinois Department of Transportation for updating and revising the “Community Impact Assessment Manual” in accordance with the latest research and practice. The guide incorporated findings from a literature review, a scan of state department of transportation (DOT) community impact assessment (CIA) guidance and manuals, a survey of practitioners from state DOTs involved in CIA, and a series of interviews with those same practitioners to recommend process updates. According to the Federal Highway Administration, community impact assessment can be defined as “an iterative process to evaluate the effects of a transportation action on a community and its quality of life,” which includes elements of health, safety, air quality, connectivity and access, and equity. Six states had publicly available CIA guidance. While all manuals provided basic guidance, some were more detailed in prescribing analytical methods for different types of impacts or provided more structure for conducting the analysis, such as report templates, technical memos, interactive screening tools, field visit checklists, and community context audit forms. According to surveys and interviews with state DOT practitioners, DOTs varied in how or whether they conducted CIA, whether they screened for the need for CIA in advance of conducting it, and what factors they consider when conducting them. A few DOTs had innovative practices with respect to CIA, such as mapping tools, an equity and health assessment, and robust community engagement. The CIA guidance produced as a component to this project constitutes the state of the art in practice, including quantitative and qualitative analytical methods for screening and methods for conducting and documenting CIA. The guidance also emphasizes equity in the assessment process.
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Smith, S. Jarrell, David W. Perkey, and Kelsey A. Fall. Cohesive Sediment Field Study : James River, Virginia. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41640.

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Estuaries trap much of the fine sediment delivered to them by rivers. This phenomenon presents challenges to the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) navigation mission, which maintains navigable waterways for waterborne commerce through estuarine regions. The USACE Regional Sediment Management Program and the USACE Norfolk District are conducting a regional sediment transport modeling study to identify cost-effective sediment management schemes in the James River, a tributary estuary of Chesapeake Bay. A key element of the sediment transport modeling study is the definition of cohesive sediment transport processes, such as erosion and settling velocity. This report describes field-based measurements of cohesive sediment erosion and settling velocity conducted in November 2017. The team conducted erosion testing on 15 cores collected throughout the tidal system. Additionally, two anchor stations were occupied to measure tidal variations in vertical distributions of suspended sediment concentration, particle size, and settling velocity. Recommended cohesive sediment transport parameters were developed from the field measurements.
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Hegazi, Sahar. Utilization of operations research in Egypt. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1018.

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This study aims to maximize the utilization of operations research (OR) findings in Egypt to strengthen research efforts contributing to the improvement of the family planning (FP) and reproductive health (RH) care program. To date, the field of OR in Egypt has not conducted a systematic review of the utilization of the OR studies completed over the last decade. The long-term objective of this study, as noted in this report, was to maximize the utilization of OR and strengthen future efforts contributing to the improvement of the FP and RH care program in Egypt. The study’s sample included selected studies completed by the principal agencies conducting OR in Egypt—Family Health International (FHI) (1989–1992) and the ANE OR/TA Project of the Population Council (1992–present). The analysis of the qualitative findings was based on a framework applied in a similar study in Indonesia by the ANE OR/TA Project and built on three elements: research product, scientific network, and researcher-audience relationship. Analysis of data indicated a general satisfaction with the contribution of OR to the FP and RH program in Egypt.
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Regan, Jack, Julie Bryant, and Craig Weinschenk. Analysis of the Coordination of Suppression and Ventilation in Single-Family Homes. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/slzh7498.

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Prior full-scale research with the fire service was primarily designed to isolate specific tactics, most often either ventilation or suppression, which allowed researchers to develop science-based recommendations related to the specific components of fireground operations studied in relatively controlled conditions. The current project went beyond earlier research by conducting twenty experiments in eight acquired, single-family residential structures and that combined fireground tactics to quantify the impact of coordination between ventilation and suppression actions. This experimental series included second-story bedroom fires (14 experiments) and first-floor kitchen fires (6 experiments). The main control variables studied included the position of initial application of water, the ventilation method, and the timing of ventilation relative to water application. The ventilation tactics examined in these experiments included horizontal, vertical, positive pressure, and hydraulic ventilation, while the suppression tactics included both interior water application and initial exterior water application followed by interior water application. While some elements of the experiments (e.g. structure floor plan and weather) resulted in increased variability, the lessons learned highlighted the importance of having a systematic approach to the implementation of tactics. Most importantly, there was no meaningful increase in temperature outside of fire rooms when ventilation tactics were executed in coordination with (shortly after or shortly before) the onset of suppression. The effectiveness of suppression actions in extinguishing the fire were dependent on the ability of those actions to 1) cool surfaces in the fire room and 2) wet unburned fuel. Exterior suppression actions on second-floor bedroom fires resulted in a decrease in temperatures throughout the second floor, followed by regrowth prior to final suppression through interior streams. When exterior suppression was performed on first-floor kitchen fires, where more complete fuel wetting was possible, regrowth was not observed prior to interior suppression. When surface cooling or fuel wetting are not possible due to the elevation of the fire room, missing ceiling, or obstacles, firefighters should consider alternative means of water distribution to improve the effectiveness of suppression actions from outside the fire room. Suppression actions, whether interior or exterior, generally resulted in a decrease in temperatures and gas concentrations at locations where occupants may potentially be located. Conditions improved most quickly at locations closest in proximity to the inlet of the flow path established between the front door and the fire room. For this reason, opening an exterior door to gain access should be thought of as an important ventilation action, both in terms of its potential to cause fire growth and its potential to improve conditions for potentially trapped occupants. After effective suppression, structure ventilation operations should similarly be cognizant of gas flows, with the aim of establishing flow throughout all areas where occupants may be located.
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Training service providers on emergency contraception: Lessons learned from an OR study. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2002.1004.

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The Bangladesh Directorate of Family Planning in collaboration with the Population Council, Pathfinder International, and John Snow, Inc. is conducting an operations research project to test the feasibility of introducing emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) in the national family planning (FP) program and to answer operational questions on implementing the use of ECP efficiently. In Bangladesh, 1.2 million births are unplanned and the number of menstrual regulation/abortions is increasing. ECP could be a good reproductive health intervention for women since it gives them a chance to avoid unwanted pregnancy. ECP does not induce abortion. In fact, it helps in reducing the number of abortions. In Bangladesh, emergency contraception is relatively new and there is general lack of knowledge even among doctors. Thus, training providers will be a critical element for the introduction of ECP. The present feasibility study, detailed in this research update, has been undertaken to answer operational questions that need to be addressed while introducing ECP in the national FP program. The study has been carried out in two districts, Tangail and Mymensingh.
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