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Journal articles on the topic 'Conductance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Senior, A., M. J. Kosch, and F. Honary. "Comparison of methods to determine auroral ionospheric conductances using ground-based optical and riometer data." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 12 (2008): 3831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3831-2008.

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Abstract. Ground-based images of auroral optical emissions and cosmic radio noise absorption provide information on particle precipitation which enhances ionospheric conductances. Knowledge of this conductance field is important to understand the current systems associated with auroral features. Three methods of using ground-based optical and riometer data to estimate ionospheric conductances in the aurora are compared to conductances derived from incoherent scatter radar measurements. It is shown that a method using the 557.7 nm emission intensity alone gives the best results for the Pedersen

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2

Butt, A. G., W. L. Clapp, and R. A. Frizzell. "Potassium conductances in tracheal epithelium activated by secretion and cell swelling." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 258, no. 4 (1990): C630—C638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.258.4.c630.

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Increased basolateral membrane K conductance accompanies stimulation of Cl secretion across canine trachea. To assess the K conductance properties, we permeabilized the apical membranes with amphotericin B and monitored the current and conductance caused by K flow across the basolateral membranes. Under basal unstimulated conditions, two K conductances could be distinguished by blockers. One was inhibited only by barium; the other was sensitive also to quinidine and lidocaine. The permeabilities of the basal conductance pathways to K and Rb were similar (PK/PRb approximately equal to 1.5). The

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3

Yoshii, K., L. E. Moore, and B. N. Christensen. "Effect of subthreshold voltage-dependent conductances on the transfer function of branched excitable cells and the conduction of synaptic potentials." Journal of Neurophysiology 59, no. 3 (1988): 706–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.59.3.706.

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1. Impulse response functions were determined from complex point impedance and transfer functions from cultured NG-108 cells to simulate the propagation of a synaptic potential in response to the release of transmitter. In general, the flow of synaptic current has a much shorter duration than the normal membrane time constant, thereby making the use of impulse response functions useful approximations to synaptic events. 2. The resonance observed during the activation of the potassium conductance was reflected in the impulse response function as a pronounced damped oscillation. A comparison of

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4

Monje, Oscar, and Bruce Bugbee. "Radiometric Method for Determining Canopy Stomatal Conductance in Controlled Environments." Agronomy 9, no. 3 (2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030114.

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Canopy stomatal conductance is a key physiological factor controlling transpiration from plant canopies, but it is extremely difficult to determine in field environments. The objective of this study was to develop a radiometric method for calculating canopy stomatal conductance for two plant species—wheat and soybean from direct measurements of bulk surface conductance to water vapor and the canopy aerodynamic conductance in controlled-environment chambers. The chamber provides constant net radiation, temperature, humidity, and ventilation rate to the plant canopy. In this method, stepwise cha

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5

Carter, Gregory A., and Alan H. Teramura. "Nonsummer stomatal conductance for the invasive vines kudzu and Japanese honeysuckle." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 12 (1988): 2392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-325.

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A field study was conducted in Maryland to estimate nonsummer stomatal conductances on clear days for two invasive woody vine species common to the southeastern United States. Before the first frost in late October, stomatal conductances were similar for kudzu (Pueraria lobata) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). When minimum predawn air temperature fell to −0.6 °C, kudzu leaves were irreversibly damaged, whereas maximum daily conductance in honeysuckle was unaffected. Maximum conductances in honeysuckle increased to 14 mm s−1 in late November and mid-December, similar to late-spring

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6

Munger, Philip H., James M. Chandler, and J. Tom Cothren. "Effect of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters of Soybean (Glycine max) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)." Weed Science 35, no. 1 (1987): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500026722.

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Greenhouse experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of water stress on photosynthetic parameters of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hutton′] and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH). Stomatal conductance of both species responded curvilinearly to reductions in leaf water potential. At leaf water potentials less negative than −2.5 MPa, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate were greater in velvetleaf than in soybean. Soybean photosynthetic rate was linearly related to stomatal conductance. Velvetleaf photosynthetic rate increased linearly wit

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7

Skryma, R., N. Prevarskaya, P. Vacher, and B. Dufy. "Voltage-dependent ionic conductances in Chinese hamster ovary cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 267, no. 2 (1994): C544—C553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.2.c544.

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Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are becoming a widely used biological material. A number of studies report membrane ion conductance changes after transfection of channels and receptors, but there are few data available on the properties of membrane ion conductances of CHO cells before transfection. In this work we studied voltage-dependent ionic conductances in cultures of CHO native (CHO-K1) cells. Three types of voltage-dependent ionic conductances were identified: 1) a K+ conductance showing sensitivity to Ca2+ and a unit conductance of approximately 210 pS in symmetrical 150 mM K+ outsid

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8

Adinehloo, Davoud, Ali Mojibpour, Weilu Gao, Junichiro Kono, and Vasili Perebeinos. "Conductance of Metallic Carbon Nanotubes Network." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 10 (2023): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01101187mtgabs.

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The conductance of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) network incorporates intertube and intratube conductance. Using the Anderson and tight-binding models, we calculate both conductances in the armchair and chiral metallic CNTs. We found that, at room temperature, the intertube conductance dominates in CNTs with larger localization lengths. Intertube conductance includes electronic and phonon-assisted junction conductance. We have revealed that the electronic conductance of a relaxed structure is around an order of magnitude larger than an unrelaxed structure. We found that the phonon-assisted condu

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9

Pospischil, Martin, Zuzanna Piwkowska, Michelle Rudolph, Thierry Bal, and Alain Destexhe. "Calculating Event-Triggered Average Synaptic Conductances From the Membrane Potential." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 3 (2007): 2544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01000.2006.

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The optimal patterns of synaptic conductances for spike generation in central neurons is a subject of considerable interest. Ideally such conductance time courses should be extracted from membrane potential ( Vm) activity, but this is difficult because the nonlinear contribution of conductances to the Vm renders their estimation from the membrane equation extremely sensitive. We outline here a solution to this problem based on a discretization of the time axis. This procedure can extract the time course of excitatory and inhibitory conductances solely from the analysis of Vm activity. We test

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10

Palmer, Lawrence G., and Gustavo Frindt. "Cl− channels of the distal nephron." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 291, no. 6 (2006): F1157—F1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00496.2005.

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Cl− currents were observed under whole cell clamp conditions in cells of the rat cortical collecting duct (CCD), connecting tubule (CNT), and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH). These currents were much larger in intercalated cells compared with principal cells of the CCD and were also larger in the TALH and in the CNT compared with the CCD. The conductance had no strong voltage dependence, and steady-state currents were similar in inward and outward directions with similar Cl− concentrations on both sides of the membrane. Current transients were observed, particularly at low Cl− conc

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11

Apelblat, Alexander, and Josef Barthel. "Conductance Studies of Aqueous Succinic Acid." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, no. 3 (1992): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-0309.

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Abstract Conductance measurements of aqueous solutions of succinic acid and of di-sodium succinate were performed from 278.15 to 308.15 K and the limiting conductances λ0 (1/2 Succ2- ) are reported. The Waiden product is independent of temperature: λ0(1/2 Succ2-)*η(T) = 0.503 ± 0.001. The salt conductances closely obey the Onsager limiting law. The evaluation of the equilibrium constants for the primary and secondary steps of dissociation, K1 and K2, and the limiting conductances of the hydrosuccinate ion, λ0(HSucc-), are discussed using the Quint and Viallard conductance equation

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12

Melikyan, G. B., W. D. Niles, V. A. Ratinov, M. Karhanek, J. Zimmerberg, and F. S. Cohen. "Comparison of transient and successful fusion pores connecting influenza hemagglutinin expressing cells to planar membranes." Journal of General Physiology 106, no. 5 (1995): 803–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.106.5.803.

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Time-resolved admittance measurements were used to investigate the evolution of fusion pores formed between cells expressing influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and planar bilayer membranes. The majority of fusion pores opened in a stepwise fashion to semistable conductance levels of several nS. About 20% of the pores had measurable rise times to nS conductances; some of these opened to conductances of approximately 500 pS where they briefly lingered before opening further to semistable conductances. The fall times of closing were statistically similar to the rise times of opening. All fusion p

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13

Britton, Oliver J., and Blanca Rodriguez. "A population of in silico models identifies the interplay between Nav 1.8 conductance and potassium currents as key in regulating human dorsal root ganglion neuron excitability." F1000Research 11 (January 27, 2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74551.1.

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Background: The Nav 1.8 sodium channel has a key role in generating repetitive action potentials in nociceptive human dorsal root ganglion neurons. Nav 1.8 is differentiated from other voltage-gated sodium channels by its unusually slow inactivation kinetics and depolarised voltage-dependence of activation. These features are particularly pronounced in the human Nav 1.8 channel and allow the channel to remain active during repolarisation. Gain-of-function mutations in Nav 1.8 have been linked to neuropathic pain and selective blockers of Nav 1.8 have been developed as potential new analgesics.

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14

Maltenfort, Mitchell G., Carrie A. Phillips, Martha L. McCurdy, and Thomas M. Hamm. "Determination of the Location and Magnitude of Synaptic Conductance Changes in Spinal Motoneurons by Impedance Measurements." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 3 (2004): 1400–1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00873.2003.

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The relation between impedance change and the location and magnitude of a tonic synaptic conductance was examined in compartmental motoneuron models based on previously published data. The dependency of motoneuron impedance on system time constant (τ), electrotonic length (L), and dendritic-to-somatic conductance ratio (ρ) was examined, showing that the relation between impedance phase and ρ differed markedly between models with uniform and nonuniform membrane resistivity. Dendritic synaptic conductances decreased impedance magnitude at low frequencies; at higher frequencies, impedance magnitu

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15

Kleene, S. J., R. C. Gesteland, and S. H. Bryant. "An electrophysiological survey of frog olfactory cilia." Journal of Experimental Biology 195, no. 1 (1994): 307–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.195.1.307.

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Individual olfactory receptor neurons vary widely in their responses to odorants. Olfactory stimulus reception occurs in the cilia of the receptor neurons. Thus, the variability among individual neurons could in part be due to differences among the olfactory cilia. We have quantified the known conductance properties of each of 117 frog olfactory cilia. From a strictly qualitative viewpoint, the cilia were very homogeneous. All but a few of them had a basal conductance in the absence of odorants and second messengers, conductances stimulated by cytoplasmic cyclic AMP and by Ca2+ and a conductan

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16

Quadroni, R., and T. Knopfel. "Compartmental models of type A and type B guinea pig medial vestibular neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 4 (1994): 1911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.4.1911.

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1. We have developed compartmental models of guinea-pig medial vestibular nuclei neurons (MVNns). The structure and the parameters of the model cells were chosen to reproduce the responses of type A and type B MVNns as described in electrophysiological recordings. 2. Dynamics of membrane potentials were modeled in 46 and 61 branched electrical compartments for Type A and Type B MVNns, respectively. Each compartment was allowed to contain up to nine active ionic conductances: a fast inactivating sodium conductance, gNa, a persistent sodium conductance, gNap, a low-voltage activated calcium cond

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17

Frolov, Roman, Esa-Ville Immonen, and Matti Weckström. "Visual ecology and potassium conductances of insect photoreceptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 4 (2016): 2147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00795.2015.

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Voltage-activated potassium channels (Kv channels) in the microvillar photoreceptors of arthropods are responsible for repolarization and regulation of photoreceptor signaling bandwidth. On the basis of analyzing Kv channels in dipteran flies, it was suggested that diurnal, rapidly flying insects predominantly express sustained K+ conductances, whereas crepuscular and nocturnally active animals exhibit strongly inactivating Kv conductances. The latter was suggested to function for minimizing cellular energy consumption. In this study we further explore the evolutionary adaptations of the photo

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18

Golowasch, Jorge, Amitabha Bose, Yinzheng Guan, Dalia Salloum, Andrea Roeser, and Farzan Nadim. "A balance of outward and linear inward ionic currents is required for generation of slow-wave oscillations." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 2 (2017): 1092–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00240.2017.

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Pacemaker neuron-generated rhythmic activity requires the activation of at least one inward and one outward current. We have previously shown that the inward current can be a linear current (with negative conductance). Using this simple mechanism, here we demonstrate that the inward current conductance must be in relative balance with the outward current conductances to generate oscillatory activity. Surprisingly, an excess of outward conductances completely precludes the possibility of achieving such a balance.

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19

Merlin, Didier, Lianwei Jiang, Gregg R. Strohmeier, et al. "Distinct Ca2+- and cAMP-dependent anion conductances in the apical membrane of polarized T84 cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 275, no. 2 (1998): C484—C495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.2.c484.

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Monolayers of the human colonic epithelial cell line T84 exhibit electrogenic Cl− secretion in response to the Ca2+ agonist thapsigargin and to the cAMP agonist forskolin. To evaluate directly the regulation of apical Cl−conductance by these two agonists, we have utilized amphotericin B to permeabilize selectively the basolateral membranes of T84 cell monolayers. We find that apical anion conductance is stimulated by both forskolin and thapsigargin but that these conductances are differentially sensitive to the anion channel blocker DIDS. DIDS inhibits thapsigargin-stimulated responses complet

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20

Anderson, Jeffrey S., Matteo Carandini, and David Ferster. "Orientation Tuning of Input Conductance, Excitation, and Inhibition in Cat Primary Visual Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 2 (2000): 909–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.2.909.

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The input conductance of cells in the cat primary visual cortex (V1) has been shown recently to grow substantially during visual stimulation. Because increasing conductance can have a divisive effect on the synaptic input, theoretical proposals have ascribed to it specific functions. According to the veto model, conductance increases would serve to sharpen orientation tuning by increasing most at off-optimal orientations. According to the normalization model, conductance increases would control the cell's gain, by being independent of stimulus orientation and by growing with stimulus contrast.

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21

Kolaj, Michal, and Richard Smith. "Using spatial derivatives of electromagnetic data to map lateral conductance variations in thin-sheet models: Applications over mine tailings ponds." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 5 (2013): E225—E235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0457.1.

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Mine waste, variable overburden, and the saprolite associated with nickel laterites have conductivity thicknesses (conductances) that vary laterally. In order for electromagnetic methods to be used to easily map lateral changes in conductance over thin-sheet-like bodies such as these, a simple conductance estimation method has been developed from Price’s equation. Through forward modeling, we found that assuming a uniform conductance and solving for an apparent conductance was sensitive enough to identify lateral conductance changes. The method was independent of the transmitter location, and

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22

Endo, Toshiaki, and Ole Kiehn. "Asymmetric Operation of the Locomotor Central Pattern Generator in the Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 6 (2008): 3043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90729.2008.

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The rhythmic voltage oscillations in motor neurons (MNs) during locomotor movements reflect the operation of the pre-MN central pattern generator (CPG) network. Recordings from MNs can thus be used as a method to deduct the organization of CPGs. Here, we use continuous conductance measurements and decomposition methods to quantitatively assess the weighting and phase tuning of synaptic inputs to different flexor and extensor MNs during locomotor-like activity in the isolated neonatal mice lumbar spinal cord preparation. Whole cell recordings were obtained from 22 flexor and 18 extensor MNs in

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Prinz, Astrid A., and Peter Fromherz. "Effect of Neuritic Cables on Conductance Estimates for Remote Electrical Synapses." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 4 (2003): 2215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00956.2002.

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The conductance of electrical synapses is usually estimated from voltage recordings at the neuronal somata under the assumption that each cell is isopotential. This approach neglects effects of intervening neurites. For a cell pair with unbranched neurites and an electrical synapse at their ends, we used cable theory to derive an analytical expression that relates the synaptic conductance to voltage recordings at the cell bodies and to the neurite properties. The equation implies that the conventional method significantly underestimates the actual synapse conductance if the neurite length is c

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Curran-Everett, D., K. G. Morris, and L. G. Moore. "Regional circulatory contributions to increased systemic vascular conductance of pregnancy." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 261, no. 6 (1991): H1842—H1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.261.6.h1842.

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In pregnancy, maternal systemic vascular conductance increases, a new vascular circuit grows, and the maternal systemic circulation develops a diminished pressor response to angiotensin II (ANG II). However, the quantitative contributions of the latter two circulatory changes to the increased systemic vascular conductance of pregnancy have not been explored. In this experiment, we examined regional circulatory contributions to the increased systemic vascular conductance in conscious, late-gestation guinea pigs. Systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output (dye dilution), and regional blood flows

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25

Nakahari, T., and Y. Marunaka. "ADH-evoked [Cl-]i-dependent transient in whole cell current of distal nephron cell line A6." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 268, no. 1 (1995): F64—F72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.268.1.f64.

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The effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on a distal nephron cell line (A6) was studied using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. A6 cells were cultured on a permeable support filter for 10-14 days in media containing 10% fetal bovine serum without supplemental aldosterone. In the unstimulated condition A6 cells had very small conductances of Na+,K+, and Cl-. Arginine vasotocin (AVT, 140 mU/ml, 280 nM) evoked a "transient" increase in whole cell currents as did dibutyryl-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (5 mM). These transients consisted of two components; one was the nonselective cation

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Moore, L. K., E. C. Beyer, and J. M. Burt. "Characterization of gap junction channels in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 260, no. 5 (1991): C975—C981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.260.5.c975.

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Recent evidence suggest that coordination of blood flow in the microcirculation involves cell-to-cell coupling via gap junctions. In this study, using A7r5 cells as a model of vascular smooth muscle, we have characterized the gap junctions in terms of the unitary conductances of the observed channels, the responses to second messengers, and subunit protein composition. The cells were typically well coupled several hours after plating, with junctional conductances on the order 20-40 nS. Channels with mean conductances of 36 and 89 pS were observed in low-conductance cell pairs and in cell pairs

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27

Dubin, A. E., and V. E. Dionne. "Modulation of Cl-, K+, and nonselective cation conductances by taurine in olfactory receptor neurons of the mudpuppy Necturus maculosus." Journal of General Physiology 101, no. 4 (1993): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.101.4.469.

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Odors are transduced by processes that modulate the membrane conductance of olfactory receptor neurons. Olfactory neurons from the aquatic salamander, Necturus maculosus, were acutely isolated without enzymes and studied with a resistive whole-cell method to minimize loss of soluble intracellular constituents. 55 of 224 neurons responded to the test compound taurine at concentrations between 10 nM and 100 microM. Four different conductance changes were elicited by taurine: an increased Cl- conductance (33%), an increased nonselective cation conductance (15%), a decreased Cl- conductance (15%),

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Haldar, Purushottam, and Bijan Das. "Electrical Conductances of Tetrabutylammonium Bromide, Sodium Tetraphenylborate and Sodium Bromide in 2-Ethoxyethanol in the Temperature Range 35–50°C." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 218, no. 5 (2004): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.218.5.599.30503.

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AbstractThe electrical conductances of the solutions of tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu4NBr), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaPh4B) and sodium bromide (NaBr) in 2-ethoxyethanol have been reported at 35, 40, 45 and 50°C. The conductance data have been analyzed by the 1978 Fuoss conductance–concentration equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance (Λ0), the association constant (KΛ) and the association diameter (R). The ionic contributions to the limiting molar conductances (Λ0) have been estimated using the “reference electrolyte” tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu4NPh4B). Appreciable

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Papadopoulos, N. "The conductance behaviour of NaBPh4 in acetonitrile–toluene mixtures at 15,25, and 35 °C." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 10 (1989): 1624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-248.

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The limiting molar conductances and association constants for NaBPh4 have been evaluated in acentonitrile–toluene mixtures at 15, 25, and 35 °C. Experimental data have been analysed by the Lee–Wheaton conductance equation. The thermodynamic parameters of the non-coulombic interaction have been evaluated. Keywords: conductance, association constant, Lee–Wheaton equation, acetonitrile–toulene.

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Hawks, C., J. Elorza, A. Witt, et al. "Gap Junction Dynamics Induces Localized Conductance Bistability in Cardiac Tissue." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 29, no. 08 (2019): 1930021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127419300210.

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Connexins are specialized ionic channels that control the action potential propagation between cardiac myocytes. In this paper, we study the connexin dynamics in a one-dimensional model of cardiac tissue. We show that the connexin dynamics may lead to a spatial organization of the gap junction conductance. In the numerical simulations presented in this paper we have found two different regimes for the spatial organization of the conductances: (a) a spatially uniform conductance; (b) a spatially complex pattern of local values of high and low conductances. In addition, we have observed that, lo

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Lindau, M., and J. M. Fernandez. "A patch-clamp study of histamine-secreting cells." Journal of General Physiology 88, no. 3 (1986): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.88.3.349.

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The ionic conductances in rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) and rat peritoneal mast cells were investigated using the patch-clamp technique. These two cell types were found to have different electrophysiological properties in the resting state. The only significant conductance of RBL-2H3 cells was a K+-selective inward rectifier. The single channel conductance at room temperature increased from 2-3 pS at 2.8 mM external K+ to 26 pS at 130 mM K+. This conductance, which appeared to determine the resting potential, could be blocked by Na+ and Ba2+ in a voltage-dependent manner. Rat periton

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Sivaramakrishnan, S., G. D. Bittner, and M. S. Brodwick. "Calcium-activated potassium conductance in presynaptic terminals at the crayfish neuromuscular junction." Journal of General Physiology 98, no. 6 (1991): 1161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.98.6.1161.

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Membrane potential changes that typically evoke transmitter release were studied by recording intracellularly from the excitor axon near presynaptic terminals of the crayfish opener neuromuscular junction. Depolarization of the presynaptic terminal with intracellular current pulses activated a conductance that caused a decrease in depolarization during the constant current pulse. This conductance was identified as a calcium-activated potassium conductance, gK(Ca), by its disappearance in a zero-calcium/EGTA medium and its block by cadmium, barium, tetraethylammonium ions, and charybdotoxin. In

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Sellin, J. H., A. Hall, E. J. Cragoe, and W. P. Dubinsky. "Characterization of an apical sodium conductance in rabbit cecum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 264, no. 1 (1993): G13—G21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.1.g13.

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Rabbit cecum in vitro exhibits electrogenic Na+ absorption not blocked by amiloride but inhibited by the amiloride analogue phenamil, suggesting transport mediated by modified Na+ channels in the apical membrane. To further characterize the mechanism(s) of Na+ absorption, microelectrode impalements of single epithelial cells were performed to measure intracellular potential difference (psi mc) and fractional resistance of the apical membrane, to characterize ionic conductances of the apical and basolateral membranes, and to determine the response to phenamil. The electrical potential profile o

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Rathour, Rahul Kumar, and Rishikesh Narayanan. "Influence fields: a quantitative framework for representation and analysis of active dendrites." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 9 (2012): 2313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00846.2011.

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Neuronal dendrites express numerous voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs), typically with spatial gradients in their densities and properties. Dendritic VGICs, their gradients, and their plasticity endow neurons with information processing capabilities that are higher than those of neurons with passive dendrites. Despite this, frameworks that incorporate dendritic VGICs and their plasticity into neurophysiological and learning theory models have been far and few. Here, we develop a generalized quantitative framework to analyze the extent of influence of a spatially localized VGIC conductance on d

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Verheijck, E. Etienne, Ronald Wilders, Ronald W. Joyner, et al. "Pacemaker Synchronization of Electrically Coupled Rabbit Sinoatrial Node Cells." Journal of General Physiology 111, no. 1 (1998): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.111.1.95.

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The effects of intercellular coupling conductance on the activity of two electrically coupled isolated rabbit sinoatrial nodal cells were investigated. A computer-controlled version of the “coupling clamp” technique was used in which isolated sinoatrial nodal cells, not physically in contact with each other, were electrically coupled at various values of ohmic coupling conductance, mimicking the effects of mutual interaction by electrical coupling through gap junctional channels. We demonstrate the existence of four types of electrical behavior of coupled spontaneously active cells. As the cou

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Halm, D. R., E. J. Krasny, and R. A. Frizzell. "Electrophysiology of flounder intestinal mucosa. I. Conductance properties of the cellular and paracellular pathways." Journal of General Physiology 85, no. 6 (1985): 843–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.85.6.843.

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We evaluated the conductances for ion flow across the cellular and paracellular pathways of flounder intestine using microelectrode techniques and ion-replacement studies. Apical membrane conductance properties are dominated by the presence of Ba-sensitive K channels. An elevated mucosal solution K concentration, [K]m, depolarized the apical membrane potential (psi a) and, at [K]m less than 40 mM, the K dependence of psi a was abolished by 1-2 mM mucosal Ba. The basolateral membrane displayed Cl conductance behavior, as evidenced by depolarization of the basolateral membrane potential (psi b)

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Taylor, Adam L., Timothy J. Hickey, Astrid A. Prinz, and Eve Marder. "Structure and Visualization of High-Dimensional Conductance Spaces." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 2 (2006): 891–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00367.2006.

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Neurons, and realistic models of neurons, typically express several different types of voltage-gated conductances. These conductances are subject to continual regulation. Therefore it is essential to understand how changes in the conductances of a neuron affect its intrinsic properties, such as burst period or delay to firing after inhibition of a particular duration and magnitude. Even in model neurons, it can be difficult to visualize how the intrinsic properties vary as a function of their underlying maximal conductances. We used a technique, called clutter-based dimension reordering (CBDR)

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Krieger, C., and T. A. Sears. "The development of voltege-dependent ionic conductances In murine spinal cord neurones in culture." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 10 (1988): 1328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-217.

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The development of voltage-dependent ionic conductances of foetal mouse spinal cord neurones was examined using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique on neurones cultured from embryos aged 10–12 days (E10–E12) which were studied between the first day in vitro (V1) to V10. A delayed rectifier potassium conductance (IK) and a leak conductance were observed in neurones of E10.V1, E11, V1, and E12, V1 as well as in neurones cultured for longer periods. A rapidly activating and inactivating potassium conductance (IA) was seen in neurones from E11, V2 and E12, V1 and at longer times in vitro. A tetro

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Cao, Xiao-Jie, and Donata Oertel. "Temperature Affects Voltage-Sensitive Conductances Differentially in Octopus Cells of the Mammalian Cochlear Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 1 (2005): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01049.2004.

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Temperature is an important physiological variable the influence of which on macroscopic electrophysiological measurements in slices is not well documented. We show that each of three voltage-sensitive conductances of octopus cells of the mammalian ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) is affected differently by changes in temperature. As expected, the kinetics of the currents were faster at higher than at lower temperature. Where they could be measured, time constants of activation, deactivation, and inactivation had Q10 values between 1.8 and 4.6. The magnitude of the peak conductances was differen

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Cheng, C. Y., and C. K. Chen. "Efficiency Optimizations of an Irreversible Brayton Heat Engine." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 2 (1998): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795025.

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A steady-flow approach for finite-time thermodynamics is used to calculate the maximum thermal efficiency, its corresponding power output, adiabatic temperature ratio, and thermal-conductance ratio of heat transfer equipment of a closed Brayton heat engine. The physical model considers three types of irreversibilities: finite thermal conductance between the working fluid and the reservoirs, heat leaks between the reservoirs, and internal irreversibility inside the closed Brayton heat engine. The effects of heat leaks, hot-cold reservoir temperature ratios, turbine and compressor isentropic eff

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Chappell, Sarah, Carly Brooke, Richard J. Nichols, et al. "Evidence for a hopping mechanism in metal|single molecule|metal junctions involving conjugated metal–terpyridyl complexes; potential-dependent conductances of complexes [M(pyterpy)2]2+ (M = Co and Fe; pyterpy = 4′-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) in ionic liquid." Faraday Discussions 193 (2016): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00080k.

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Extensive studies of various families of conjugated molecules in metal|molecule|metal junctions suggest that the mechanism of conductance is usually tunnelling for molecular lengths < ca. 4 nm, and that for longer molecules, coherence is lost as a hopping element becomes more significant. In this work we present evidence that, for a family of conjugated, redox-active metal complexes, hopping may be a significant factor for even the shortest molecule studied (ca. 1 nm between contact atoms). The length dependence of conductance for two series of such complexes which differ essentially in the

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Bal, Ramazan, and Donata Oertel. "Potassium Currents in Octopus Cells of the Mammalian Cochlear Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 5 (2001): 2299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2299.

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Octopus cells in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN) of mammals are biophysically specialized to detect coincident firing in the population of auditory nerve fibers that provide their synaptic input and to convey its occurrence with temporal precision. The precision in the timing of action potentials depends on the low input resistance (∼6 MΩ) of octopus cells at the resting potential that makes voltage changes rapid (τ ∼ 200 μs). It is the activation of voltage-dependent conductances that endows octopus cells with low input resistances and prevents repetitive firing in response to depo

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Gray, Daniel A., Gustavo Frindt, and Lawrence G. Palmer. "Quantification of K+ secretion through apical low-conductance K channels in the CCD." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 289, no. 1 (2005): F117—F126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00471.2004.

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Outward and inward currents through single small-conductance K+ (SK) channels were measured in cell-attached patches of the apical membrane of principal cells of the rat cortical collecting duct (CCD). Currents showed mild inward rectification with high [K+] in the pipette (Kp+), which decreased as Kp+ was lowered. Inward conductances had a hyperbolic dependence on Kp+ with half-maximal conductance at ∼20 mM. Outward conductances, measured near the reversal potential, also increased with Kp+ from 15 pS (Kp+ = 0) to 50 pS (Kp+ = 134 mM). SK channel density was measured as the number of conducti

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Moore, L. K., and J. M. Burt. "Gap junction function in vascular smooth muscle: influence of serotonin." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 269, no. 4 (1995): H1481—H1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.269.4.h1481.

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In this study we examined the effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on the function of gap junctions between smooth muscle cells isolated from human and pig coronary and rat mesentery arteries and between A7r5 cells (cell line derived from embryonic rat aorta). Mesentery and pig coronary cells expressed connexin (Cx) 43, and human coronary cells expressed Cx40. Mesentery and pig coronary cells each exhibited a single gap junction channel population with unitary conductances of 75 and 59 pS, respectively. Human coronary cells exhibited two channel populations with unitary conductance

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Meng, X. J., and S. A. Weinman. "cAMP- and swelling-activated chloride conductance in rat hepatocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 271, no. 1 (1996): C112—C120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.1.c112.

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An outwardly rectifying Cl- conductance was identified in primary isolated rat hepatocytes, and the whole cell patch-clamp technique was used to characterize its properties and mechanisms of activation. With symmetrical Cl(-)-containing solutions on both sides and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP; 100 microM) in the pipette solution, a large outwardly rectifying conductance (1,014 +/- 153 pS/pF, n = 20) developed in all cells within 3 min. This cAMP-activated conductance was highly anion selective and slowly inactivated at voltages > 80 mV. It was completely inhibited by the anion

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Kaka, Kosrat N., Anis A. Al-Najar, and Wali M. Hamad. "The Audio Frequency Conductance Study of Some Metal Succinate Salts in Aqueous Medium at Different Temperatures (Part I: Magnesium, Manganese (II), Barium and Copper Succinates)." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/858374.

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The audio electrical conductances of aqueous solutions of magnesium, manganese II, barium, and copper succinates have been measured at various temperatures in the range of 298.15 K to 313.15 K, using an audio frequency conductance bridge. The evaluation of conductance data was carried out by minimisation technique using the theoretical equations of the complete and modified forms of Pitts (P) and Fuoss-Hsia (F-H), each a three-parameter equation, association constant (KA), molar conductance (Λm), and distance parameter (a). Quantitative results showed that these salts do not behave as “strong”

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Antar, Mohamed A., and Syed M. Zubair. "Thermoeconomic Considerations in the Optimum Allocation of Heat Transfer Inventory for Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 124, no. 1 (2002): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1446070.

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Thermoeconomics is defined as attaching monetary values to heat exchanger conductances of a given plant. In this study, optimum allocation of heat transfer inventory for heat exchangers in a refrigeration system with specified power input or cooling capacity, and for a heat pump with specified heating capacity is investigated. The ratio of hot- to cold-end conductance unit cost ratio, G, was considered in the analysis as an additional parameter of considerable importance to the designer. A closed-form expression is given in terms of unit cost of conductances of both the heat exchangers. The re

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48

Moorhouse, Andrew J., Angelo Keramidas, Andrey Zaykin, Peter R. Schofield, and Peter H. Barry. "Single Channel Analysis of Conductance and Rectification in Cation-selective, Mutant Glycine Receptor Channels." Journal of General Physiology 119, no. 5 (2002): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028553.

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Members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily mediate fast synaptic transmission in the nervous system. In this study, we investigate the molecular determinants and mechanisms of ion permeation and ion charge selectivity in this family of channels by characterizing the single channel conductance and rectification of α1 homomeric human glycine receptor channels (GlyRs) containing pore mutations that impart cation selectivity. The A-1'E mutant GlyR and the selectivity double mutant ([SDM], A-1'E, P-2'Δ) GlyR, had mean inward chord conductances (at −60 mV) of 7 pS and mean outward conductan

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49

Sceniak, Michael P., and Shasta L. Sabo. "Modulation of Firing Rate by Background Synaptic Noise Statistics in Rat Visual Cortical Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 5 (2010): 2792–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00023.2010.

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It has been shown previously that background synaptic noise modulates the response gain of neocortical neurons. However, the role of the statistical properties of the noise in modulating firing rate is not known. Here, the dependence of firing rate on the statistical properties of the excitatory to inhibitory balance (EI) in cortical pyramidal neurons was studied. Excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic synaptic conductances were simulated as two stochastic processes and injected into individual neurons in vitro through use of the dynamic-clamp system. Response gain was significantly

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Tarran, R., M. A. Gray, M. J. Evans, W. H. Colledge, R. Ratcliff, and B. E. Argent. "Basal chloride currents in murine airway epithelial cells: modulation by CFTR." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 274, no. 4 (1998): C904—C913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.4.c904.

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We have isolated ciliated respiratory cells from the nasal epithelium of wild-type and cystic fibrosis (CF) null mice and used the patch-clamp technique to investigate their basal conductances. Current-clamp experiments on unstimulated cells indicated the presence of K+ and Cl− conductances and, under certain conditions, a small Na+conductance. Voltage-clamp experiments revealed three distinct Cl− conductances. I tv-indep was time and voltage independent with a linear current-voltage ( I- V) plot; I v-actexhibited activation at potentials greater than ±50 mV, giving an S-shaped I- Vplot; and I

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