Academic literature on the topic 'Conduct litterature'

Résumé Pour étudier le thème de l’humanisme arabe à travers une approche définitionnelle, nous proposons pour corpus l’œuvre classique du célèbre Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī, le Kitāb al-Imtāʿ wa’l-muʾānasa (Le plaisir offert et la sociabilité partagée). Nous nous pencherons plus particulièrement sur l’un des sujets philosophiques les plus importants de cet ouvrage : l’âme. Dans cette étude, il sera question d’aborder les différentes définitions et les caractères de l’âme, ses liens avec le corps et l’esprit, son immortalité, ce qui définit l’être humain. Notre auteur constate que les opinions des savants sont partagées et divergentes à propos de la définition de l’âme et cette multiplicité de définitions conduit à la perplexité. Notre objectif est donc ici d’apporter une réflexion et de saisir le sens de l’âme chez Tawḥīdī. Pour parler de ce sujet, ce lettré des philosophes et philosophe des lettrés expose ses idées selon sa formation de musulman intellectuel et selon des données culturelles de son époque et de son milieu. C’est dans cette optique que nous essayerons d’illustrer la réflexion morale de l’auteur, sa pensée et ses positions. Abstract In order to examine the theme of Arab humanism by means of a conceptual approach, we shall look into the classic work by the famous author Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī: Kitāb al-Imtāʿ wa’l-muʾānasa (The Book of Enjoyment and Conviviality). We shall mainly focus on one of the most significant philosophical aspects of his work—the soul. This study will examine various concepts and definitions of the soul, its relationship with human body and mind, its immortality, which are part and parcel of humanity. The author states that intellectuals disagree as to their definition of the soul, and their multifarious opinions leave us in bewilderment. This paper’s aim is to engage in a discussion about soul so as to grasp its importance in Tawḥīdī. Broaching the question, this philosopher of litterateurs and the litterateur of philosophers presents his ideas according to his background as a Muslim intellectual and in accordance with the cultural aspects of his time and his social environment. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the author’s moral and philosophical ideas.

Abstract Abstract 2051 Poster Board II-28 Acute meyloid leukemia (AML) in first relapse is associated with a poor outcome when treated with standard dose cytarabine regimens and intermediate to high dose cytarabine (IHDAraC) is the current standard of care. During the last years, Gemtuzumab Ozogamycin (GO) has demonstrated a relevant clinical activity in relapsed and refractory AML. This antibody directed against CD33 is conjugated to calicheamycin that triggers apoptosis when hydrolyzed in the leukemic blasts. Combination regimen of GO are currently extensively studied in both frontline and advanced phase disease. Nevertheless, analysis of the litterature showed that only few data are available regarding a direct comparison of IHDAraC and IHDAraC+GO regimen. To this respect, we conduced a retrospective analysis of response (CR and CRi) and survival for patients with first relapse AML treated in our centre with either IHDAraC or IHDAraC+GO regimen. A total of 84 patients were included in the analysis: 28 were induced in the IHDAraC+GO group (mean GO dose: 6mg/m2, range:[3-9], including 82% of combination with anthracyclines or etoposide) and 56 in the IHDAraC group (including 57% of combination with other agents, mostly etoposide and anthracyclines). Patients characteristics were comparable between the IHDAraC+GO group and the control group in terms of median age (51y vs 49y), Performance Status at relapse (1 vs 1), median time to relapse (221 days vs 280 days), cytogenetic risk group clustering and previous allogeneic transplantation in first CR (21% vs 16%). Median Follow-up was 24 months. Univariate analysis showed that IHDAraC+GO induction, as compared with IHDAraC, was associated with a better response rate (68% vs 48%, p=0.08), a lower relapse rate (31% vs 66%, p=0.02), a better Overall Survival (median 35 months vs 19 months, p=0.02) and a better Event Free Survival (median Not Reached vs 10 months, p=0.02). Of note, the better response rate in the IHDAraC+GO group allowed to bring more patients to allogeneic transplantation in second CR (33% vs 16% respectively, p=0.08).Multivariate analysis using logistic regression method for response evaluation and Cox model for survival showed that treatment in the IHDAraC+GO group was an independent prognosis factor with a favorable impact on both response (HR:2.8, 95%CI:[1.1-7.7], p=0.048) and Overall Survival (HR:1.9, 95%CI:[1.1-3.4], p=0.047). It is already known that combination of IHDAraC and GO could give good results for advanced phase AML patients but, to our knowledge, this report is the first that directly compared the results of IHDAraC+GO with the current standard of care regimen on an homogeneous sample of patients in first relapse. This report also underline the importance of a prospective comparison in order to define the best combination therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Background A sizeable literature highlighted that negative affectivity and craving are both known to be implicated in relapses. Objectives The present study synthetized the existing litterature to determine strength of the interaction between negative affectivity and craving for substance-related disorders including illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco. Methods We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines followed by a meta-analysis. Online computer databases PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched systematically and thoroughly. Jamovi 1.8.1 Current version was used to conduct meta-analysis. Results Thirty studies were included in the review, and 14 of these, including 2257 subjects, were used for meta-analysis. The raw correlation ranged from 0.17 to 0.58, which indicated weak to moderate association between negative affects and craving. In total, approximately 90% of the selection revealed a positive correlation between negative affects and craving. Alcohol and tobacco use disorders have received the most attention. Additionally, negative affectivity was often defined as a transient state rather than a stable personality trait. Conclusions In both of our meta-analyses and in the narratively reported studies, we found that negative affectivity is an important component related to craving, but individual differences in craving reactivity existed.

Pulau Ternate merupakan salah satu pulau di Maluku Utara yang menjadi penghasil rempah-rempah berupa pala dan cengkeh. Daya tarik rempah-rempah menjadi pemicu datangnya bangsa Eropa ke Nusantara dalam rangka menguasai sumber rempah-rempah yang kala itu menjadi komoditas paling diminati di pasar Eropa. Portugis menjadi bangsa Eropa yang pertama kali datang ke Maluku, tepatnya ke Ternate. Kedatangan Portugis ke Ternate disambut dengan baik oleh SultanTernate. Portugis mendapatkan hak monopoli untuk berdagang rempah-rempah di Maluku serta diizinkan untuk mendirikan benteng pertama di Maluku, yakni Benteng Kastela yang berfungsi sebagai benteng pertahanan juga sebagai kantor dagang dan permukiman Portugis, sekaligus sebagai sekolah teologi pertama di Asia tenggara. Namun kini Benteng Kastela hanya tersisa reruntuhannya saja. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mencari penyebab hancurnya Benteng Kastela. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sejarah pembangunan Benteng Kastela akan dicari melalui kajian pustaka dan observasi untuk mendapatkan gambaran sebenarnya mengenai tingkat kerusakan benteng. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa penyebab kerusakan Benteng Kastela selain karena perang juga diakibatkan oleh bencana alam berupa erupsi Gunung Gamalama.Kata kunci: Ternate, Benteng Kastela, bencana alam, rempah-rempahTernate is one of island in the North Mollucas that has produced spices especially nutmag and clove. The appeal of spices triggered Europeans arrival to dominate the source of spices which had been popular commodities in European market. Portuguese was the first of European nation came to Maluku, precisely to Ternate. Portuguese had been welcomed by Ternate’s Sultanate and got monopolly rights over spices and permits to build the first fort in Mollucas, namely Kastela fort which was not just as fortress but also trading office and Portuguese settlement as well as theological school. Presently, Kastela fort only remains ruins, so the study aims to gain the causes of Kastela fort destruction. The method in this research is using descriptive qualitative. The history of Kastela fort is collected by litterature and observation around Kastela fort conduct to get information about level of damage. The result shows that the damages of Kastela fort were not just by war, but also by natural disaster.Key words: Ternate, Kastela fort, natural disaster, spices

During the past ten years, the use of contracting out by Danish municipalities has been increasing. Today, private suppliers undertake approximately one fourth of all those municipal tasks which current legislation al- lows to be contracted out. ere are signi cant variations in the usage of contracting out among local munici- palities, though, and these variations are also found internationally. In this article, we conduct a systematic and comparative review of a range of Danish and international studies of the reasons local municipalities con- tract out. We conclude that previous studies provide largely heterogeneous conclusions concerning the causes of contracting out, and, as a result of this, the academic literature have di culties explaining the signi cant di erences in the use of contracting out by municipalities. For future research we suggest a greater focus on methodological issues, establishing and testing new explanatory variables, and a more careful examination of the mechanisms explaining variation in contracting out across the technical and social service sectors.

<p>Fremveksten av kunnskapsbasert praksis har ført til økt fokus på å gjøre forskningsbasert kunnskap lettere tilgjengelig. 6S-pyramiden, som er utviklet av McMaster University i Canada, er en modell som viser hvordan helsefaglig forskning kan plasseres på seks ulike nivåer, avhengig av graden av oppsummering og kvalitetsvurdering. Modellen kan brukes som et verktøy når man skal velge relevante søkekilder.</p><p>Den mest sammenstilte kunnskapen om ulike tilstander og sykdommer finner man i kliniske oppslagsverk og kunnskapsbaserte retningslinjer. De har som formål å tilby kunnskapsbaserte og oppdaterte anbefalinger om diagnostisering, behandling og oppfølging av spesifikke utvalgte tilstander i lettlest format.</p><p>Om man søker etter litteratur til bruk i utarbeidelsen av fagprosedyrer, retningslinjer, systematiske oversikter eller lignende oppsummeringer, må det utføres søk i bibliografiske databaser og andre lignende kilder. Man bør først lete etter systematiske oversikter og eventuelt utvide søket etter primærstudier dersom man ikke finner oppdaterte, relevante systematiske oversikter.</p><p>Helsebiblioteket.no er et offentlig finansiert nettbibliotek som gir gratis tilgang til norske og internasjonale kunnskapskilder. Helsebiblioteket kjøper tilgang til lisensbelagte ressurser som kliniske oppslagsverk, databaser og tidsskrifter. Mange av kildene nevnt i denne artikkelen inngår i Helsebibliotekets samling. I tillegg er nettsiden en delingsplattform for norske retningslinjer, prosedyrer og annet stoff som utvikles i det offentlige helse-Norge.</p><p>Ormstad SS, Underdal H. <strong>Information sources for evidence-based practice</strong>. <em>Nor J Epidemiol</em> 2013; <strong>23</strong> (2): 221-224.</p><p><strong>ENGLISH SUMMARY </strong></p><p>The development of evidence-based practice has led to an increased focus on making research-based evidence easily accessible. The 6S model, developed by McMaster University in Canada, is a model that describes how health-related research evidence can be sorted out on six different levels. The higher one comes in the model, the more summarized and quality-assured the evidence is. The 6S model can be used as a tool when selecting relevant sources for the literature search.</p><p>The most compiled evidence on various conditions and diseases can be found in evidence-based point of care tools and clinical practice guidelines. They are designed to offer comprehensive and up-to-date recommendations on diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of specific conditions condensed into easily digestible formats.</p><p>When looking for relevant research evidence to be included in clinical procedures, clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews and other evidence syntheses, one should conduct searches in bibliographic databases and other similar sources. One should first try to find systematic reviews or similar evidence syntheses written about the topic of interest, and expand the search for primary studies only if no relevant up-to-date systematic reviews are available.</p><p>The Norwegian Electronic Health Library (helsebiblioteket.no) is a publicly funded e-library that provides free access to many Norwegian and international sources. The Norwegian Electronic Health Library purchases access to licensed resources, such as clinical reference works, databases, and journals. Many of the sources mentioned in this article are included in the collection of the Electronic Health Library. In addition, the e-library is a sharing platform for Norwegian clinical practice guidelines, clinical procedures, and other materials developed in the public health care system in Norway.</p>

Les arts d'aimer et les livres de conduite sont deux traditions littéraires très en vogue entre les XIIIe-XVe siècles. Grâce à leur célébrité et à leur longévité ils ont contribué à façonner la pensée de l'époque et au-delà.Sous la catégorie « arts d'aimer », applicable à une grande variété de textes à sujet érotique, nous considérons les traductions, voire les adaptations, de l'Ars amatoria d'Ovide, qui instruit les amants à maîtriser les techniques de l'amour, de la première approche jusqu'à l'accomplissement de l'acte sexuel. Cette œuvre écrite sous le règne d'Auguste et qui, déjà à l'époque de sa parution, avait causé des scandales, condamnant son auteur à l'exil, connut une vraie renaissance à partir du XIIe siècle, dans une période dénommée aetas Ovidiana. Elle fut traduite et reprise par les auteurs médiévaux les plus célèbres, dont Chrétien de Troyes, Guillaume de Lorris et Jean de Meun. Dans notre thèse nous analyserons cependant principalement les cinq traductions de l'Ars - encore assez peu étudiées par la critique -, toutes diverses entre elles, d'auteurs peu connus ou anonymes.Pour ce qui concerne les livres de conduite (dont le terme vient de l'anglais conduct literature), il s'agit de traités d'éducation à la vie laïque pensés tout d'abord pour la jeunesse. Ici, nous nous intéressons aux textes adressés aux jeunes femmes, qui couvrent toute l'échelle sociale, depuis la reine et les princesses jusqu' aux femmes du peuple et même aux prostituées, avec le Livre des Trois Vertus de Christine de Pizan. Les destinataires de ces œuvres sont parfois connues, comme Isabelle, fille aînée de Louis IX, la reine Jeanne de Navarre, interpellée par son confesseur Durand de Champagne, et Suzanne, fille d'Anne de France. Parmi les textes de notre corpus s'en trouvent de très célèbres, comme l'œuvre de Christine de Pizan et le Livre du Chevalier de la Tour Landry, et d'autres moins étudiés jusqu'ici par la critique, en particulier un texte qui nous est parvenu sous trois versions différentes et dont nous proposons la première édition.Les deux traditions littéraires ne pourraient être plus différentes entre elles, mais l'intérêt de les rapprocher repose sur le constat que, contrairement à notre attente, les livres de conduite présentent en creux le discours des arts d'aimer. Les auteurs et autrices de livres de conduite se révèlent en fait conscients et conscientes du discours érotodidactique en vogue à l'époque, qu'ils condamnent, tout en le reprenant ex negativo pour mieux enseigner à leurs protégées à se garder des périls de l'amour extra-conjugal. Pour analyser l'influence du discours de matrice ovidienne dans les traités d'éducation, notre étude se base sur les étapes individuelles du parcours amoureux selon la tradition des gradus amoris, à savoir la visio, l'allocutio, le tactus, l'osculum et le factum. Cette démarche permet de toucher à toutes les nuances de l'amour, ses degrés pouvant tous être associés aux cinq sens et à des parties du corps, ce qui facilite l'incursion dans d'autres domaines. Ainsi, nous explorons la mode vestimentaire, les contenances de table, les attentes que les hommes ont des femmes dans l'un et l'autre discours, pour arriver à la déconstruction de l'amour courtois opérée par les livres de conduite. Les attentes des deux discours sont basées sur l'image idéale (ou idéelle) que leurs auteurs ont de la femme ; en les croisant, notre analyse donne en revanche un aperçu de la vie réelle et plus complexe des femmes françaises du Moyen Âge et de leur rapport avec les hommes.Comprendre la formation de ces images idéales et de la conception des femmes, dont les textes de notre corpus sont un reflet et un moyen de diffusion, est fondamental pour saisir des vestiges millénaires qui se trouvent encore de nos jours, combattus par les mouvements d'émancipation féminine tels le #MeToo et le No Means No
The arts of love and the conduct books are two literary traditions that were very much in vogue between the 13th and the 15th centuries. Thanks to their celebrity and longevity, they helped to shape the thinking of the period and beyond.Under the definition of "arts of love", which can be applied to a wide range of texts on erotic subjects, we are considering translations, or even adaptations, of Ovid's Ars amatoria, which instructs lovers to master the techniques of love, from the first approach to the completion of the sexual act. Written during the reign of Augustus, Ovid's work caused scandal even at the time of its publication, condemning the author to exile. From the 12th century onwards, during a period known as the aetas Ovidiana, it enjoyed a veritable renaissance. It was translated and reprinted by the most famous medieval authors, including Chrétien de Troyes, Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun. In our thesis, however, we will focus mainly on the five translations of the Ars by little-known or anonymous authors - still relatively little studied by critics -, all of which are different from one another.As for conduct books (from the English conduct literature), these are treatises on secular life, written primarily for young people. Here, we are interested in texts aimed at young women, covering the whole social scale, from queens and princesses to common women and even prostitutes, as in Christine de Pizan's Livre des Trois Vertus. We know some of the patrons of these works, such as Isabelle, the eldest daughter of Louis IX, Queen Jeanne de Navarre, who was addressed by her confessor Durand de Champagne, and Suzanne, the daughter of Anne de France. Among the texts in our corpus are some very famous ones, such as the work of Christine de Pizan and the Livre du Chevalier de la Tour Landry (the Book of the Knight of the Tower), and others less studied by critics, including one that has come down to us in three different versions and of which we are offering the first edition.The two literary traditions could not be more different, but the interest of comparing them is that, contrary to all expectations, the books of conduct present the discourse of the arts of love in an underlying way. The authors of books of conduct were in fact aware of the erotodidactic discourse so much in vogue at the time, which they condemned, while taking it up ex negativo to better teach their protégées to guard against the perils of extramarital love. To analyse the influence of the Ovidian discourse in the educational treatises, this study is based on the individual stages of the amorous journey in the tradition of the gradus amoris, namely visio, allocutio, tactus, osculum and factum. This approach allows us to touch on all the nuances of love, since its degrees can all be associated with the five senses and parts of the body, making it easier to delve into other areas. In this way, we explore fashion, table manners and the expectations that men have of women in both discourses, to arrive at the deconstruction of courtly love operated by the books of conduct. The expectations of the two discourses are based on the ideal image that their authors have of women; by cross-referencing them, however, our analysis provides an insight into the real and more complex lives of French women in the Middle Ages and their relationship with men.Understanding the formation of these ideal images and the conception of women, of which the texts in our corpus are both a reflection and a means that enabled them to be disseminated, is fundamental to grasping the age-old vestiges that are still with us today, opposed by women's emancipation movements such as #MeToo and No Means No

Resumen En este estudio cualitativo se entrevista a cinco profesores de secundaria básica de español como lengua extranjera (ELE) con el objetivo de investigar cómo emplean las TIC ( Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación) en su enseñanza y cómo las usan el aula. Los resultados muestran que las TIC son utilizadas por todos los profesores, pero aquellos que están más interesados y han recibido una amplia capacitación en las TIC utilizan estas herramientas modernas con mayor convicción que sus colegas. Además, los resultados apuntan a que todos los participantes ven grandes ventajas con las TIC, ya que sobre todo motivan a los alumnos, aunque por otro lado hayan grandes desventajas con ellas y especialmente si los alumnos pierden el enfoque en la enseñanza-aprendizaje al realizar otras tareas ajenas a la asignatura en sus computadoras.

The combination of local choir and composer of free tonal music is rather unusual, but in Volda the longstanding relationship between composer Magnar Åm and the choir he conducts, Volda Vokal, is rewarding both for himself and for the choir members. Existing research has contextualized the amateur choir as a community of practice dynamically balancing social and artistic goals, with professional performance as a guiding ideal. However, the amateur performance may potentially hold other qualities that can bring new meaning to the music performed. In this article I write about how various participants in Volda Vokal perceive the interaction of artistic and social aspects, and how the work of rehearsing and performing Åm’s music can be understood in terms of various meanings of authenticity.

In this portrait of Magnar Åm, Gunnar Strøm describes different aspects of a meaning-seeking life project in which there are no clear divisions between the pursuits of composer, musician, conductor, teacher, local citizen and cultural entrepreneur. At home as much in local as in international settings, Åm’s activities range from creative proposals for a community cultural centre to the equally creative use of a neglected factory in the absence of such localities, and from the nurturing of young performers and budding composers to the performance of his own innovative compositions in international contexts. His wide-reaching work has given inspiration to many others, and he continues with unabating vitality to inspire.

In this essay Lars-Erik ter Jung reflects over aspects of Magnar Åm’s music from a perspective of conductor and musician, with particular focus on the opera The Seed (2018). Along the way, he serves anecdotes that give insights into a composer who is afraid neither of courting contradictions, nor of following through his intentions with singular conviction. Ter Jung describes Åm’s music as simultaneously uncomplicated, intimate and powerful, its use of a free-tonal musical language allowing tonal relations to be dissolved, and communicating both stillness and loneliness, but also a gripping soulfulness, to the listener. The setting up of The Seed in Volda, involving a large apparatus of amateurs and professionals, undoubtedly gave all participants a memory for life. However, ter Jung proposes that this opera has significance in a much larger context as the mature work of a unique Norwegian composer who has attained the luminous clarity of a distinctly personal tonal language.