Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conduct Disorder'
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1
Donno, R. E. "Social communication deficits and conduct disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445421/.
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There is increasing evidence that a proportion of children with Conduct Disorder may have unidentified Autistic Spectrum Disorder (Gilchrist et al., 2001 Gilmour, Hill, Place & Skuse, 2004). This paper considers the argument that a subgroup of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder are undetected and subsumed under Conduct Disorder or similar descriptors. Diagnostic criteria are described and issues relevant to Conduct Disorder discussed. This is followed by an examination of the similarities and differences between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Conduct Disorder. The case for misclassification of Autistic Spectrum Disorder is explored through reinterpretation of the behavioural markers associated with Conduct Disorder. Sample definition in studies of children with Conduct Disorder is then critically examined. The paper concludes with a review of the literature on social information processing in children with Conduct Disorder exploring whether some findings could be better explained by an Autistic Spectrum Disorder presentation.
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Moret, Thomas J. "Paper folio one, Defining conduct disorder and its contributing variables, Paper folio two. Intervention strategies to treat conduct disorder, Paper folio three. Conduct disorder : an individual case." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0018/MQ54940.pdf.
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Bogardus, John. "Ordering conduct, conducting order, conduct disorder and the production of knowledge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0024/NQ37685.pdf.
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Green, Tara. "Risks associated with conduct disorder in girls." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81251.
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Conduct disorder is the second most common psychiatric disorder in adolescent girls. In a secondary analysis of an existing data set from a study of pregnant adolescent girls, recruited from three different sites in a Canadian city (N = 252), possible predictors of conduct disorder were examined. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was used to measure conduct disorder. To investigate possible risk factors, three instruments were used: (1) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), (2) Parental Bonding Instrument, and (3) Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI). In a stepwise regression analysis, conduct disorder was found to be significantly associated with four risk factors: high levels of overall abuse as children, placement in foster care, few years of schooling and lack of paternal care. A possible preventive program, to encourage girls with conduct disorder to stay in school and cope with past histories of abuse, is discussed.
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Karaman, Rowan. "Conduct disorder and decision-making in adolescent girls." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6561.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 31 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 21-24). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Jian, Xueqiu. "A Family-Based Association Study of Conduct Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1697.
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Conduct disorder (CD) is a psychiatric syndrome in childhood and adolescence that is one of the most common childhood disorders with continuously increasing prevalence but uncertain pathogenesis. We performed a genome-wide, family-based association study of CD using P2BAT/FBAT software. The data is gathered from Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) and International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project (IMAGE).
Using COGA data, we identified 20 markers which showed suggestive associations (p<10-3) with CD. Nine of them are located in known genes. Two genes, ADAM10 and CAMK2A, which had been reported associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), bipolar disorder, and depression, were of more concern. Using IMAGE sample, our results were well replicated.
This study identified several CD associated genetic variants, especially two novel candidate genes. These findings may serve as a resource for replication in other populations to elucidate the potential role of these genetic variants in CD.
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Vidings, Essi Maria. "Investigating neurocognitive systems underlying impulsivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405666.
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Peppa, Konstantina. "The neuropsychology of Conduct Disorder : the impact of comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/420032/.
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Conduct Disorder (CD) is characterised by a persistent and pervasive pattern of aggressive and antisocial behaviour that violates the rights of others or in which major age-appropriate societal norms are violated. Researchers have argued that this pattern of sensation-seeking behaviour stems from a higher threshold for emotional stimulation in children and adolescents with CD compared to typically-developing individuals. In addition, studies have found a reduced sensitivity to reward which interferes with the learning of appropriate behaviours. CD and AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are considered to be highly comorbid both in clinical and community samples. Research has indicated that individuals with CD+ADHD have poor social functioning, poor socio-economic outcomes later in life and are likely to drop-out or be kicked out of educational institutions. However, neuroscience research has not properly addressed the issues surrounding the effects of comorbid ADHD on cognitive and emotional processing in CD. Understanding these effects will allow us to develop more sophisticated causal pathways, which in the longer term may aid clinicians to administer treatments tailored specifically to patients’ individual needs. The present study investigated the effects of comorbid ADHD on the clinical and neuropsychological profiles of adolescents with CD, by comparing groups of adolescents with CD-only (CD-ADHD; n = 23), comorbid CD+ADHD (n = 28) and a typically-developing control group (TDC; n = 30). We used a range of clinical and questionnaire-based assessments, as well as a series of behavioural tasks that examined Executive Functions (EFs), facial emotion recognition and perspective-taking. We found that CD was independently associated with impairments in impulsive choice (“hot” EFs), whereas comorbid ADHD was associated with impairments in interference control and working memory (“cool” EFs). Furthermore, we found that a broad pattern of facial emotion recognition deficits was limited to those individuals with CD+ADHD. Our study was also the first study to explicitly investigate the impact of comorbid ADHD on perspective-taking in CD. Our results do not provide evidence for a deficit in perspective-taking in adolescents with CD, regardless of ADHD comorbidity. Considered together, these results provide some insight on the impact of ADHD on the neuropsychology of CD and can be useful to both researchers and clinicians when considering new research designs and clinical interventions.
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Sarkar, Sagari. "White matter correlates of conduct disorder and developmental psychopathy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/white-matter-correlates-of-conduct-disorder-and-developmental-psychopathy(9b472b3d-3557-41f1-9515-e690f6b53654).html.
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Conduct disorder (CD) is a serious disruptive behaviour disorder that is diagnosed in children who display repetitive and persistent antisocial behaviour, such as violence, robbery and vandalism. Children with CD present substantial costs to society, and are the group of children most commonly referred to mental health services. Further, CD is a strong predictor of adult Antisocial Personality Disorder and psychopathy. Research to date on the biological associates of CD has mostly compared the anatomy and function of specific brain regions in people with CD to controls. However, there is increasing recognition that brain regions do not act in isolation. Rather, they form part of integrated neural systems. Nevertheless, to date, there have been no studies on anatomical ‘connectivity’ in CD. Also there are few studies of how prenatal environment modulates the development of human limbic ‘social brain’ regions that are implicated in CD, and other abnormalities in social development. For example, prior studies reported behaviour problems in babies and children of mothers with elevated levels of stress or anxiety during pregnancy. Preliminary evidence suggests that these maternal emotional factors modulate intrauterine environment (e.g. through the stress hormone cortisol); and so may alter the development of limbic brain structures (such as the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex) that are crucial to emotion processing and social cognition. However, to date, only one human study has examined the association between prenatal maternal mood and altered development of neural systems in children.
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Harrington, Richard Charles. "Adult outcomes of childhood and adolescent depression." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367508.
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The study was based on the clinical data summaries ("item sheets") of children who attended the Maudsley Hospital during the late 1960s and early 1970s. These summaries were used to identify a group of 80 child and adolescent psychiatric patients with an operationally defined depressive syndrome. The depressed children were individually matched with 80 non-depressed psychiatric controls on demographic variables and non-depressive childhood symptoms by a computer algorithm. At follow-up, on average 18 years after the initial contact, information was obtained on the adult psychiatric status of 82% of the total sample. Adult assessments were made "blind" to case/control status, and included standardized measures of "lifetime" psychiatric disorder and psychosocial functioning. The depressed group was at increased risk for affective disorder in adult life, and had elevated risks of psychiatric hospitalization and psychiatric treatment. Depressed children were no more likely than control children to have non-depressive adult psychiatric disorders. These findings suggest that there is substantial specificity in the continuity of affective disturbances between childhood and adult life.
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Ovaert, Lynda B. "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Pre- and Post-Treatment Comparison of Trauma Types." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278894/.
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The purpose of this study was to compare pre- and post-treatment differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in male adolescents with conduct disorder. The Children's PTSD Inventory and the PTSD Reaction Index were used to diagnose PTSD and determine trauma type (Type I single trauma or Type II recurring trauma). Pre- and post-treatment measures included the PTSD Reaction Index, the Children's Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Youth Self-Report. The six-week, biweekly group treatment included education, exposure, and cognitive elements. Primary hypotheses that the abused group would statistically differ from the non-abused group in terms of pre- and post-treatment levels of avoidance, dissociation, anger/aggression, self-destructiveness, social problems, and overall levels of PTSD symptoms, were not confirmed. Overall, group therapy participants experienced statistically significant decreases in PTSD symptoms over the course of therapy. Results are discussed in light of clinical implications, recommended cautions given the lack of a robust control group, and directions for future research.
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Quick, Lisa May. "Identifying Factors that Influence Academic Performance among Adolescents with Conduct Disorder." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/epse_diss/44.
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The academic underachievement of children and adolescents diagnosed with conduct disorder is well established in the literature. However, no study to date has explored the contributions of personal and contextual variables to specific areas of academic functioning in this population. In this study measures of basic reading, reading comprehension, mathematics reasoning, and numerical operations were assessed using the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT) in 63 participants with childhood onset (CO) conduct disorder and 27 participants with adolescent onset (AO) conduct disorder. Participants were enrolled in a residential treatment facility between 1998 and 2002 at the time of evaluation. A series of ANCOVAs were conducted to evaluate how verbal IQ, onset subtype, comorbid ADHD, and residence location (urban versus nonurban) influenced each academic area. Only verbal IQ was significantly related to all academic areas. After adjusting for the variance explained by verbal IQ, comorbid ADHD did not significantly influence academic scores. After controlling for verbal IQ, participants with either CO or an urban residence were found to have significantly weaker scores in basic reading. Urban residents with CO had significantly weaker performance in mathematical reasoning. Numerical operations scores were the weakest among the four academic areas for both onset groups, and verbal IQ explained a relatively small portion of the variance. Overall, a larger portion of the variance in academic scores was explained among the AO group than the CO group, suggesting subtler complexities among the CO population that are yet unknown. This study highlights the heterogeneity among the conduct disorder population and variation in academic risk by demographic markers. If these results replicate across studies, they may represent a more parsimonious organization of patterns of characteristics that will provide treatment utility for clinical work and educational intervention beyond what is currently used.
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Schepman, Karen Helena Allegonda. "Cognitive styles in depressed children with or without comorbid conduct disorder." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425354.
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Sully, Kate. "Using family based designs to explore causal mechanisms in conduct disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/400956/.
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Conduct Disorder (CD) is one of the most common mental disorders seen in children and adolescents, with conduct problems accounting for 30-40% of referrals to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). The majority of studies in this area have adopted case-control correlational designs, demonstrating associations rather than causal links between putative neuropsychological or neuroanatomical risk factors and CD. Family based designs allow us to move closer to inferring the causal role of such mediating risk factors in thedevelopmentof CD, through common genetic and environmental originating factors. One method, which has not yet been applied to CD research, is to study the biological relatives of those with CD, who do not show the disorder themselves, but may still carry risk markers for the condition. Identifyingshared neuropsychological or neuroanatomical deficits in both affected and unaffected relatives, would suggest shared genetic and environmental factors may mediate and increase the risk for developing CD. We therefore adopted a family design to test for the co-segregation of CD and its putative neuropsychological and neuroanatomical risk factors. There were three research groups: adolescents with CD (n=45), unaffected relatives of people with CD (n=24) and typically developing controls with no family history of CD (n=43). The project used a range of techniques, such as semi-structured psychiatric interviews, questionnaire measures, neuropsychological tasks(emotion recognition, fear conditioning, risky decision-making and economic decision-making) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)methods, to test whether CD and its putative cogntive and neuroanatomical deficits co-segregate within families. Clinical and personality characteristics that are thought to increase risk for CD, such as callous-unemotional traits, drug use and impulsivity, did not show a familial pattern but were only elevated in affected probands. The familial pattern of effects varied across neuropsychological domains. Unaffected relatives demonstrated similar impairments to CD probands (albeit to a lesser degree), in emotion recognition and fear conditioning, but there was no evidence of familial effectson decision-making, either under risk or in an economic exchange task. There was mixed evidencefor co-segregation of CD and neuroanatomical changes, with CD probands showing reductions in grey matter volume in the cerebellum, inferior frontal gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex and unaffected relatives showing trends towards reductions in these regions. Interestingly, CD probands showed reduced grey matter volume in the anterior insula compared to unaffected relatives. The current study was the first to directly compare adolescents with CD, unaffected relatives of people with CD and healthy controls. The findings suggest that neuropsychological deficits in emotion recognition and fear conditioning may increase the individual’s risk for developing CD in a probabilistic way and mayhelp to inform future longitudinal studies of thedevelopmentof CD and interventions for this condition.
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Vera-Rios, Jessica. "The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Conduct Disorder in Hispanic Families." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5283.
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Conduct disorder (CD) is prevalent among American teens, yet limited research has been conducted on Hispanics adolescents. Based on social learning theory and parenting theory, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship amongst parenting styles, Hispanic cultural influences, and CD. A sample of 85 parents with adolescents receiving juvenile probation services in South Texas were surveyed to assess their parenting style, Hispanic cultural influences, and their adolescent's symptoms of CD. The Mexican Parent Questionnaire measured the independent variable: parenting styles. The Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II measured the independent variable: Hispanic cultural influences. The dependent variable, CD, was measured by the Assessment of Disruptive Symptoms-DSM-IV-Version. Logistic regression and ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed there was no significant difference in parenting styles, Hispanic cultural practices, and CD. The findings did not show a relationship in parenting style and Hispanic cultural influences with CD. Nonetheless, this study facilitated positive social change by providing research-based information to parents, researchers, and professionals working with adolescent behavior.
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Vaught, Pamela McComas. "Parental perceptions of children clinically diagnosed as Affective Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or Conduct Disorder: The implications for family therapy." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618646.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate parental perceptions of children clinically diagnosed as Affective Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or Conduct Disorder. The results were assessed in reference to their implications for family therapy.;The sample utilized in this study was 97 sets of mother-father dyads who sought psychiatric intervention for their child at local mental health clinics. The mother-father pairs in these intact families completed a demographic questionnaire and the Peterson-Quay Revised Behavior Checklist. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, t-tests, and multiple regression analysis.;This research indicates that there are significant differences between parents' perceptions of their child across three diagnostic categories and between mothers and fathers.
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Davis, Kathleen Marg. "Differential diagnosis of oppositional defiant and conduct disorder utilizing the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1370878.
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Studying disruptive behavior disorders in adolescents is critical; however, there is a paucity of literature on methods for differentially diagnosing the two main disruptive behavior disorders: Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder. Conduct Disorder is defined as a persistent pattern of behavior where the basic rights of others or other major social norms are violated whereas Oppositional Defiant Disorder is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, and is defined by a pattern of disobedient, hostile, or defiant behavior towards authority figures. Despite some similarities in presentation, the majority of research supports the notion that these two disorders are distinct. Finding accurate ways to differentiate these two disorders is important for discovering and implementing empirically validated treatments. The primary purpose of this study was to determine how the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory, a commonly used self-report scale, distinguished between adolescents presenting with either Oppositional Defiant or Conduct Disorder who had been admitted to a residential treatment facility. A secondary component of the current study examined gender differences in the two disorders.Multivariate Analysis of Variance was used to determine if the two diagnostic or gender groups were significantly different. If so, discriminant function analysis was employed to determine where the difference occurred. Although some scales approached significance, there were no statistical differences among adolescents with Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder across any of the dependent variables. There were, however, gender and age differences found across several scales. Unfortunately, because there were no interactions with diagnosis on any scales, differences occurred equally among adolescents from either diagnostic group. This result raises questions as to whether the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory is a useful diagnostic instrument for disruptive behavior disorders. This instrument may be more useful to determine individual characteristics that would impact treatment than as an instrument for researchers studying empirically validated interventions for Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder.Department of Educational Psychology
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Young, Susan Jane. "The adolescent outcome of hyperactive girls in an inner city area." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325589.
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Young, Audrey Susan. "The assessment of cognitive distortions in children and adolescents with conduct disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26063.
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In recent years, studies have focused on the involvement of socio-cognitive factors in the maintenance of conduct disorder. This present study drew on three main areas of research in this field. Firstly, Dodge's (1986) model which described a sequence of steps involved in information-processing in social interactions. Secondly, Felner's et al (1990) model which incorporates a number of skills including cognitive abilities under the umbrella of social competence. Finally and more specifically, the research on the cognitions of children who display psychopathology was used, especially focusing on the distinctions made between deficits and distortions (thinking errors) in information processing. The aim of this study was to examine thinking errors that may be present in children with conduct disorder in comparison with a control group. It was hypothesised that conduct disordered children would produce thoughts that represented certain thinking errors in information processing that subsequently may be a potential factor in the maintenance of the disorder. The main measure which was specifically developed, was an attempt to access children's thoughts in response to certain situations which they watched enacted on video. Felner's model proposed a relationship between cognitive abilities and positive mental health so a measure of self-esteem was included. A measure of self-efficacy for committing or inhibiting aggressive acts was also used to consider the relationship between this factor, thinking errors and self-esteem. The validity of the assessment measure was also discussed and the implication of the results for the treatment of conduct disorder.
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Harvey, Dominique. "Behaving badly : psychiatric and sociological perspectives on young people with 'conduct disorder'." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2748/.
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Background: Despite its status within internationally agreed psychiatric systems, the extent to which the behavioural symptoms of Conduct Disorder are indicative of mental disorder is debatable. The aim of this thesis is to assess the extent to which the collection of behaviours currently defined as Conduct Disorder might be better understood within a sociological framework. Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out to explore young people’s perspectives on behaving badly. Most of the participants interviewed met DSM-IV criteria for Conduct Disorder, which was identified on the basis of Voice-DISC profiles at two earlier phases of the West of Scotland 11-16/16+ study (West, Sweeting, Der et al., 2003). Findings. The findings highlighted that behaving badly was generally perceived as normative, purposive and adaptive, therefore reflecting more sociological interpretations of behaving badly. Two participants appeared to link their behaviour to mental distress, which provided limited support for the view that some forms of antisocial behaviour might be indicative of mental disorder. Since young people often depicted behaving badly as adaptive and purposive, the findings suggested that epidemiological research may be neglecting the positive functions of antisocial behaviour for young people. Implications. An in-depth exploration of young people’s accounts led to the conclusion that the current diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder are over-inclusive. Four amendments to the criteria were proposed which might help to distinguish between individuals with disorderly conduct and those with Conduct Disorder before the publication of DSM-V and ICD-11
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Tilbrook, David Michael William. "Attachment,conduct disorder and perspective taking in 7-9 year old boys." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58088/.
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The perspective taking ability of children with aggressive behaviour problems was explored, by comparing them with non-aggressive children on tasks involving the prediction of emotion and behaviour on hypothetical short story vignettes. Their ability to correctly predict emotion and behaviour in emotionally charged, personally involving tasks was investigated, and linked with their security of attachment and verbal intelligence. Contrary to what was predicted, the aggressive children were not observed to perform poorly on complex emotionally charged, personally involving vignettes. Also, security of attachment was not seen to relate to performance on vignettes. The ability to provide explanations of responses which incorporated a coherent description of the differing and false beliefs held by different characters correlated with verbal intelligence and tentatively with security of attachment. The two groups showed significant differences on all sub-scales of a measure of abnormal social behaviour and two out of three sub-scales of a measure of security of attachment. The results do not present a clear picture, but suggest that verbal intelligence is associated with perspective taking and understanding of emotion. A consideration of methodological issues suggests that the short story vignettes suffer from poor reliability and possibly poor validity. The findings are discussed with relation to other literature, in particular an alternative theory of the development of emotion understanding that emphasizes the role of coherent psychological discourse by the caregiver. The role of disorganised attachment in childhood aggression is also discussed. Implications for clinical practice are considered and suggestions for future research are outlined.
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Brazel, Shannon. "Adolescent Violent Behavior as a Function of Gender, Depression, and Conduct Disorder." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3739969.
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This study was an investigation of the proportions of male and female adolescents who commit violent crime and also exhibit depression or conduct disorder. The National Comorbidity Survey: Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A) database of 10,148 surveyed male and female adolescents was examined to determine adolescents who reported having been arrested for committing a violent crime or committing a violent crime without being apprehended (the violent crime group) and who had also been diagnosed with depression or conduct disorder according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Findings showed that 72 (22.9%) of the 314 violent males had been diagnosed with depression and 146 (46.5%) with conduct disorder. Fifty-nine (44.4%) of the 133 violent females had been diagnosed with depression and 61 (45.9%) with conduct disorder. Chi-square tests revealed that the proportion of violent females with depression was significantly larger than the proportion of males (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between violent males and females in diagnoses of conduct disorder.
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Robinson, Christopher. "Maternal views of children diagnosed as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or conduct disorder : a comparison and exploration." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421988.
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de, Dios Marcel Alejandro. "Depression, Conduct Problems and Substance Abuse Treatment Outcomes among Adolescents." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/13.
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The purpose of this dissertation study was to investigate the direct and interactive relationships between depression and conduct problems and substance abuse treatment outcomes in a national sample of adolescents participating in substance abuse treatment. This study involved a secondary analysis of data from the National Institute on Drug Abuse's- Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study for Adolescence (DATOS-A), a multi-site, longitudinal study of substance abusing adolescents seeking treatment. Participants completed a battery of self-report and interview measures at treatment intake including the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Revised (DISC-R), which assessed depression and conduct problems. Adolescents also completed structured interviews relating to substance use at intake and 12 months after treatment. Results from the multiple regression analyses supported hypotheses relating to greater conduct problems predicting greater post-treatment substance use. Results from the multiple regression analyses failed to support study hypotheses relating to depression and the interaction of conduct problems and depression predicting post-treatment substance use. Significant control variables included age, length of treatment, and intake level of substance use. Results are discussed within the context of the relevant literature.
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Ward, Sarah. "Parenting, conduct problems and the development of conscience in young children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365744.
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Antonini, Tanya. "Hot and Cool Executive Functions in Children with ADHD and Comorbid Disruptive Behavior Disorders." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406821379.
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Wahl, Lothar Werner, and lothar wahl@rmit edu au. "Interventions with Adolescents in Out-of-Home Care Diagnosed with Severe Conduct Disorder." RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080604.095348.
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This research examines interventions with adolescents in out-of-home care diagnosed with severe conduct disorder. Interventions from the service sectors of mental health, juvenile justice, child protection and welfare are reviewed and discussed. The research centred around three hypotheses. Firstly, that adolescents in out-of-home care diagnosed with severe conduct disorder have poor treatment outcomes. Secondly, that adolescents in out-of-home care diagnosed with severe conduct disorder are a particularly difficult client group to work with because of issues of attachment. Thirdly, that a diagnosis of severe conduct disorder negatively impacts upon the work professionals undertake with these young people. These hypotheses were considered in the context of an extensive literature review as well as findings gleaned from interviews and questionnaires conducted with research participants drawn from the abovementioned service sectors. Research participants were senio r practitioners and managers with many years of practice and experience working with adolescents in out-of-home care diagnosed with severe conduct disorder. The main findings from the research were that all three hypotheses appeared to be supported. These were that adolescents in out-of-home care diagnosed with severe conduct disorder have poor treatment outcomes and that one of the particular difficulties of working with this client group is the issue of attachment. Also, that the diagnosis of severe conduct disorder negatively impacts upon the work professionals undertake with these young people. These findings are discussed within the theoretical frameworks of attachment theory and critical theory, which are utilised in exploring the alienation and oppression of these young people on intrapersonal, interpersonal and societal levels. Finally, implications for social work research and practice are considered.
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Stanley, Sybil S. "The effectiveness of self-control training on a child with a conduct disorder." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1992. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1686.
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Self-control training will decrease the frequency of aggressive behaviors displayed by subject of this paper.
Support was found for a decline in the frequency of aggressive behaviors that were sustained for a period of time. However, it cannot be assumed that the intervention was entirely responsible for changes in behavior.
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González-Madruga, Karen Denise. "Investigating the fronto-limbic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrena axis systems in conduct disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422469/.
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In this thesis, I report studies investigating the neurobiology of conduct disorder (CD) – a disorder diagnosed in children and adolescents who display a persistent pattern of disruptive and aggressive behaviour. My particular focus is on the role of frontal, limbic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis systems, and especially whether CD-related alterations in these systems differ between males and females. A range of different imaging techniques were applied to data from the Neurobiological and Treatment of Adolescent Female Conduct Disorder study (Fem-NAT-CD). In study 1 (Chapter 4), we employed surface-based morphometry techniques to assess frontal and limbic (cortical and subcortical) brain structures. Similar patterns of CD-related related reductions in cortical volume, thickness, and surface area in the superior frontal gyrus were seen in both sexes. The second study (Chapter 5) assessed the shape of subcortical limbic structures. Youths with CD exhibited shape deformations (i.e., inward) in the shell of the nucleus accumbens compared to controls, independent of sex. The third study (Chapter 6) used spherical deconvolution basedtractography and virtually dissected key fronto-limbic white matter tracts, namely: the uncinate fasciculus, fornix, and the subgenual, retrosplenial and parahippocampal bundles of the cingulum. We observed reduced fractional anisotropy in the retrosplenial cingulum in the CD group relative to healthy controls. However, this result was moderated by sex: males with CD showed reduced, while females with CD showed increased fractional anisotropy compared to sex-matched healthy controls. Finally, we investigated sex differences in HPA axis function (Chapter 7) by measuring cortisol response during the Trier Social Stress Test for Children. Both males and females with CD showed blunted cortisol response to stress, and such effects were not explained by low levels of self-rated fear or anxiety. In a small, proof of concept analysis we observed a positive correlation between cortical volume of the superior frontal gyrus and cortisol reactivity. I conclude that the neurobiological basis of CD is relatively similar in males and females. Thus, previous findings in males with CD may also apply for females with CD. Suggestions for future research are presented and clinical implications are discussed.
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Rosen, Benjamin. "Maternal Monitoring and Maternal Psychological Well-Being: Important Components in Treating Conduct Disorder." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3246.
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Conduct disorder is characterized by behaviors that take a large toll on the individuals, families, and communities afflicted. Thus, improving treatment effectiveness should be a high priority. Currently, common intervention programs do not address parental depression, even though it has been linked to adolescent conduct disorder behaviors in some studies. The current study assessed whether the relation between maternal depression and adolescent conduct disorder behaviors is mediated by another factor which has been linked to conduct disorder behaviors, maternal monitoring. Results did not support the hypothesized mediated association, but did show significant individual associations for both maternal depression and maternal monitoring with adolescent conduct disorder behaviors. Secondary analyses showed that adolescent age and household income were significantly related to maternal monitoring and maternal depression, respectively. Findings also suggested that child disclosure may drive the association between maternal monitoring and adolescent conduct disorder behaviors. Implications for intervention are discussed.
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Northover, Clare. "Emotional functioning in boys with ADHD : identifying risk factors for comorbid Conduct Disorder." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/87407/.
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There is growing evidence that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) accompanied by Conduct Disorder (CD) is biologically as well as clinically distinctive. This subgroup shows greater symptom severity and poorer long-term prognosis than those with either CD or ADHD alone. The aim of the thesis is to build on existing neurobiological and emotional processing research and to identify mediators of risk for CD problems in ADHD, thereby highlighting targets for future intervention strategies. This thesis involved in-depth experimental testing of emotion processing and physiological responding to emotion-provoking stimuli in a large clinical sample of boys with ADHD (N=204). About half of the sample met diagnostic criteria for a comorbid diagnosis of CD enabling us to compare emotional and physiological responding between these two groups (ADHD vs. ADHD+CD). This large sample also enabled us to analyse the contributing effects of callous and unemotional traits, oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and internalizing emotionality, as well as looking at the effects of symptom severity of CD and ADHD. Each experimental chapter analysed responses to a different source of aversive cue. Pain sensitivity was assessed by looking at self-reported threshold and tolerance times and comparing these against increases in skin conductance level. Fear conditioning ability was analysed, looking at physiological responding to predict an aversive event. Stress reactivity was analysed by measuring emotional and cortisol responses to a psychosocial stressor and emotion regulation was assessed using an economic decision-making game. The findings showed that boys with ADHD and comorbid CD differed significantly in their emotional and physiological responding to those with ADHD alone. The boys with CD had more problems in learning fear associations, a weaker cortisol stress response, and a higher pain threshold and longer tolerance time, reflecting lowered pain sensitivity. Boys with high levels of aggressive CD symptoms also showed emotion regulation difficulties causing increased irrational decision making. This highlights the importance of treating ADHD as a heterogeneous condition and of analysing the effects of comorbid disorders to help ensure that limited resources in the healthcare, social care and criminal justice systems are utilised more effectively and efficiently.
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Seeley, John Robert. "Comorbidity between conduct disorder and major depression : phenomenology, correlates, course, and familial aggregation /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3035576.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001."Based on data collected from the Oregon Adolescent Depresssion Project (OADP)."--Abstract. Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-84). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Cline, Jessie Irit. "Autonomic Nervous System Functioning and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216568.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Although the current literature demonstrates relations between autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning and conduct disorder (CD), there are inconsistencies across studies in the magnitude and direction of these associations, some of which may stem from heterogeneity within the CD diagnostic category. Considering callous-unemotional (CU) traits in research examining ANS functioning and CD relations could help to clarify these inconsistencies, given that CU traits identify a subgroup of youth with CD who exhibit a more severe and persistent course, as well as more negative correlates and sequelae than youth with CD without CU traits. However, there is a dearth of literature considering ANS processes among youth with CD with and without CU traits. Examining these relations, particularly during middle childhood when these processes may be amenable to intervention, has important implications for etiological, prevention, and intervention models. The present study examined relations among CD, CU, and ANS functioning among a sample of ethnic minority, urban children (N= 99, M= 9.87± 1.19 years old; 48.5% male; 94.9% African-American, 3% Latino/a). Specifically, I examined whether CU traits moderated the relations between CD and (a) parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) functioning and (b) sympathetic nervous system (SNS) functioning. In addition, I examined whether parenting behaviors (i.e., harsh parental discipline and parental warmth/involvement) influenced the relations between (a) CD and ANS functioning, and (b) CU and ANS functioning. Findings demonstrated that PNS functioning differed among children with high and low levels of CD symptoms depending on levels of CU traits. Within the current sample, among children with higher levels of CD symptoms, those with (a) higher CU symptom severity exhibited lower baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and lower RSA reactivity (PNS withdrawal), compared to those with (b) lower CU symptom severity who demonstrated higher baseline RSA and higher RSA reactivity (PNS activation). Among children with lower CD symptom severity, those with (a) higher CU symptom severity exhibited higher baseline RSA and higher RSA reactivity, compared to those with (b) lower CU symptom severity who evidenced lower baseline RSA and lower RSA reactivity. Neither harsh parental discipline nor parental warmth/involvement moderated the relations between (a) CD and ANS functioning and (b) CU and ANS functioning. However, there were marginally significant associations between baseline RSA and (a) harsh parental discipline and (b) parental warmth/involvement, as well as between RSA reactivity and parental warmth/involvement in analyses examining CD, parenting, and ANS functioning. Furthermore, parental warmth/involvement tended to be associated with RSA reactivity in the analyses examining CU, parenting, and ANS functioning. Results have implications for facilitating the identification of children at risk for developing more pernicious subtypes of behavior problems, and contribute important information for the development of more individualized and potentially effective interventions for youth behavior problems, particularly among high-risk youth.
Temple University--Theses
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Mashalaba, Eugenia Dudu. "The evaluation of a multi-modal cognitive-behavioural approach to treating an adolescent with conduct disorder." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/180/1/mashalaba-ma.pdf.
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Conduct Disorder (CD) is a repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviour in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. It is one of the most common problems in South African schools, particularly in those that are poverty-stricken. The child who participated in the study lived in the shelter that was for homeless and disadvantaged children. He attended at Amasango School where the majority of children in the shelter attended. There were many conduct-disordered children in the shelter and the school, particularly in the school. They disrupted classes making in difficult for teachers to carry out their education activities. The aim of this study was to draw on the standard procedures of the CBT in order to design interventions that would be effective in reducing aggressive behaviour in an adolescent who had CD Adolescent-Type and who lived at the shelter. This case study evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-modal CBT programme in a 16 year-old Black male who had been displaying aggressive behaviour for about a year. The treatment consisted of 23 sessions and included teacher counseling, contingency management, self-control and self-instructional training. The treatment was evaluated qualitatively by means of interviews with the child and teacher and quantitatively by means of repeated applications of behaviour checklists completed by the teacher. The results showed a decrease in the client's aggressive behaviour and an increase in prosocial behaviour. The client ultimately ceased from all aggressive behaviour towards his peers and this outcome was sustained during his last two months in therapy.
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Clanton, Roberta Lee. "Investigating sex differences in structural and functional neuroimaging correlates of empathy in conduct disorder." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8317/.
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Conduct Disorder (CD) is a childhood psychiatric disorder characterised by antisocial and aggressive behaviours. The overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate potential sex differences in the structural and functional neuroimaging correlates of empathy in CD. Studies in chapters 5 and 6 showed that youths with CD had decreased structural covariance between the anterior insula (AI) and thalamus compared to TD (typically developing) youths, but the groups did not differ in grey matter volume and no interactions with sex were observed. Studies in chapters 7 and 8 revealed that youths with CD exhibited reduced brain response in the AI and cerebellum when viewing others in pain. A sex-by-group interaction was also observed in the amygdala whereby females with CD had reduced brain response compared to TD females, with no differences between males with CD and TD males. Youths with CD exhibited decreased functional connectivity between the AI and the occipital lobe, but increased connectivity between the cerebellum and amygdala compared to TD youths. These findings suggest that structural and functional abnormalities in the AI are key features of both males and females with CD, while only females exhibit functional abnormalities in the amygdala when processing pain in others.
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Brown, Terri. "Empathic accuracy in adolescents with conduct disorder and varying levels of callous-emotional traits." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370299/.
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Cochran, Jeffrey Louis. "The Status of Services to Students with Conduct Disorder by their Elementary School Counselors." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95572.
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Conduct Disorder (CD) is one of the most frequently occurring childhood behavior disorders. A state wide survey of elementary school counselors was conducted concerning the services provided to these students. Elementary school counselors were asked to identify peers to be interviewed (six) who are more effective than usual in providing these services.
The study found: 1) Students with CD comprise about 2% of the populations of respondent schools. 2) On average, respondents devote 19% of their work time to students with CD. Almost all feel somewhat or highly frustrated in providing services to students with CD; rate themselves as only somewhat or not very effective in providing these services, and less effective with students with CD than with other populations. 3) Respondents identified the number one need as further training for themselves specific to providing services to students with CD, and rated their graduate training for this work negatively. 4) Seventeen percent of respondent schools receive no services for students with CD from outside agencies, and most rated the services negatively.
The six interviewees contributed: 1) Creative and unique services for students with CD are often required for success, such as a whole class treatment for a class containing two students with-CD like behaviors and a teacher mentoring program for students with CD. 2) While there was no consensus among interviewees for a most effective service activity, they tended to name indirect services such as developing and coordinating behavior modification plans and teacher mentoring programs as the most important part of treatment programs. Individual counseling was rarely named as the most important aspectof treatment programs, but was described as important for providing an understanding of the student that allows for effective customizing of the behavior modification plan, and developing a therapeutic relationship that allows credibility for counselor guidance in times of crisis or opportunity for these students.
Recommendations to improve the status of services to students with CD by their elementary school counselors were made for counselor educators, administrators of school counselors, non-school agencies, and elementary school counselors. Further research recommendations are also made.Doctor of Philosophy
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Clarke, Tana L. "Executive functions and overt/covert patterns of conduct disorder symptoms in children With ADHD." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9677.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Todd, Melissa Farino. "Perceptions of Family Functioning Between Children with Behavior Difficulties and their Primary Caregiver." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000171.
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Yockey, Robert A. B. S. "Neighborhood and Community Factors Related to Youth Conduct Disorder: Results from a National Sample of Adolescents." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535636110532174.
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Johnson, Vicki Anne. "Neuropsychiatric differences among adolescents with early and late onset conduct, and externalizing and internalizing disorders presenting to a specialist service." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12586.
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Objective: The two papers presented investigate whether disorders in childhood are distinctive in their etiology and development and then extends to broader domains of child and adolescent mental disorders. The first paper focuses on psychiatric illness, neuropsychological and psychosocial dysfunction within the domain of externalizing disorders, examining differences between early and late onset conduct disordered (CD) youth. The second paper examines differences in neuropsychological and psychosocial function between externalizing and internalizing youth. Method: Paper one compares the psychiatric, neuropsychological and psychosocial function of 43 subjects with either childhood-onset or adolescent-onset CD. Paper two examines the neuropsychological and psychosocial function of 148 subjects across the two domains of externalizing and internalizing disorders. Participants were compared with normative scores from control samples in each study. Results: The first study shows differences between childhood-onset and adolescent onset CD youth for verbal learning and memory function, psychosis, childhood maltreatment and violent behavior with childhood onset youth performing worse on these measures. Both childhood and adolescent onset CD youth were impaired in executive function. The second study found significant differences between the externalizing disordered youth and both the internalizing and comorbid youth on executive function, with the externalizing youth exhibiting severe impairment in this area or cognitive function. Conclusion: Childhood onset CD is associated with more severe cognitive impairment, more psychiatric symptoms and childhood adversity than adolescent-onset youth. They were also more likely to commit serious, violent offences. When CD youth were included in a larger externalizing sample and compared with internalizing and comorbid youth, distinctiveness between the domains remained for some cognitive functions, specifically executive function.
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Martin, Monica June. "Racial discrimination and delinquency : economic hardship, communities, discrimination, and conduct disorder among African American youth /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Martin-Key, Nayra Anna. "Investigating emotion recognition and empathy deficits in Conduct Disorder using behavioural and eye-tracking methods." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/411247/.
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The aim of this thesis was to characterise the nature of the emotion recognition and empathy deficits observed in male and female adolescents with Conduct Disorder (CD) and varying levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. The first two experiments employed behavioural tasks with concurrent eye-tracking methods to explore the mechanisms underlying facial and body expression recognition deficits. Having CD and being male independently predicted poorer facial expression recognition across all emotions, which held across both static and dynamic faces. Eye tracking data indicated that males showed reduced attention to the eye region of the face across all emotions, relative to females, with CD predicting lower levels of attention to the eyes for fearful, sad, and surprised faces. Critically, the deficits observed in facial emotion recognition were not explained by atypical eye movements in the CD group. Contrary to expectations, high levels of CU traits within the CD group were not associated with impaired recognition of fear or a reduced tendency to fixate the eye region of the face. Males with CD exhibited global deficits in body expression recognition relative to male and female controls. These deficits held for both dynamic and static bodies and were not modulated by CU traits. Eye-tracking data demonstrated that having CD and being male were both related to a reduced tendency to fixate the arms of fearful and neutral bodies. Once again, deficits in body expression recognition were not explained by atypical eye movements in the CD group. Contrary to predictions, CU traits in the CD group were associated with an increased preference to fixate the arms. Taken together, these two eye-tracking studies indicate that adolescents with CD, and particularly males, show impairments in facial and body expression recognition that are not solely related to overt attentional mechanisms. The final two experiments employed an empathic accuracy (EA) task that involved watching video clips of actors recounting emotionally-charged autobiographical experiences. Relative to control males, CD males showed deficits in sadness, fear, and disgust recognition, as well as reduced affective empathy for the same three emotions. In the second experiment, we found that CD females did not show significant deficits in emotion recognition but they did exhibit reduced affective empathy for fear and happiness. Contrary to predictions, CD adolescents showed an intact ability to track changes in emotional intensity (measure of EA). Although CU traits in males with CD were negatively correlated with EA for sadness, no other significant correlations with CU traits or differences between high and low CU traits subgroups were found in either study. The findings from this thesis have important implications for interventions aiming to remediate the emotion recognition and empathy deficits observed in CD, as well as approaches to subtyping CD.
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Prom, Elizabeth Chin. "Addressing Issues in the Detection of Gene-Environment Interaction Through the Study of Conduct Disorder." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/2.
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This work addresses issues in the study of gene-environment interaction (GxE) through research of conduct disorder (CD) among adolescents and extends the recent report of significant GxE and subsequent replication studies. A sub-sample of 1,299 individual participants/649 twin pairs and their parents from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent and Behavioral Development was used for whom Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) genotype, diagnosis of CD, maternal antisocial personality symptoms, and household neglect were obtained. This dissertation (1) tested for GxE by gender using MAOA and childhood adversity using multiple approaches to CD measurement and model assessment, (2) determined whether other mechanisms would explain differences in GxE by gender and (3) identified and assessed other genes and environments related to the interaction MAOA and childhood adversity. Using a multiple regression approach, a main effect of the low/low MAOA genotype remained after controlling other risk factors in females. However, the effects of GxE were modest and were removed by transforming the environmental measures. In contrast, there was no significant effect of the low activity MAOA allele in males although significant GxE was detected and remained after transformation. The sign of the interaction for males was opposite from females, indicating genetic sensitivity to childhood adversity may differ by gender. Upon further investigation, gender differences in GxE were due to genotype-sex interaction and may involve MAOA. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach including a genetic Item Response Theory modeled CD as a trait with continuous liability, since false detection of GxE may result from measurement. In males and females, the inclusion of GxE while controlling for the other covariates was appropriate, but was little improvement in model fit and effect sizes of GxE were small. Other candidate genes functioning in the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter systems were tested for interaction with MAOA to affect risk for CD. Main genetic effects of dopamine transporter genotype and MAOA in the presence of comorbidity were detected. No epistatic effects were detected. The use of random forests systematically assessed the environment and produced several interesting environments that will require more thoughtful consideration before incorporation into a model testing GxE.
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Jones, Danna Benefield. "Phenomenological study what are pre-kindergarten teachers' lived experiences with children identified with conduct disorder, oppositional defiance disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the southeastern United States? /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008d/jones.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008.Additional advisors: Margaret Rice, Boyd Rogan, Foster Watkins, Martha Barber. Description based on contents viewed May 29, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-120).
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Ilomäki, E. (Essi). "Conduct disorder among girls: violent behaviour, suicidality and comorbidity:a study of adolescent inpatients in Northern Finland." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514299216.
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Abstract Conduct disorder (CD) among girls is a common but seldom studied psychiatric disorder. The aim of this study was to examine risk factors for CD, the factor structure of CD symptoms, suicidal behaviour, comorbid disorders and nicotine dependence of adolescent girls with CD in an inpatient sample in Northern Finland. The study subjects were 508 12- to 17-year-old inpatients treated in an acute psychiatric ward, Unit 70, at Oulu University Hospital between April 2001 and March 2006. These adolescents were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) to obtain psychiatric diagnoses according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). In addition, the European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) was used to obtain information on somatic health, family situation and delinquency. From the data collected, 63 girls and 92 boys fulfilled the criteria for current DSM-IV-diagnosed conduct disorder. It was observed that, although the number of symptoms and severity of CD was lower among girls compared to boys, the level of functioning was lowered to the same degree. Physical abuse increased the risk for violent CD, and living apart from at least one biological parent increased the risk for both violent and non-violent CD among girls. The results of this study also suggest a gender difference in the factor structure and developmental model of CD. Alcohol dependence increased the risk for suicide attempt and self-mutilation almost fourfold among girls with CD. Girls with CD had more comorbid affective and anxiety disorders than boys. Girls with CD also had more self-reported allergies. Finally, the number of CD symptoms was positively correlated with the level of nicotine dependence (ND) among both girls and boys, and a gender difference was found in the correlation between symptom subscales and the level of ND. The findings suggest that gender differences exist in conduct disorder. Special attention should be paid to the prevention, identification and treatment of CD among girls. It seems that, among girls with CD, the well-being of primary family is important in prevention. Alcohol dependence and depression in girls with CD should be treated with special care. DSM-IV might not always be sensitive enough to diagnose CD among girls, and this should be considered when behavioural symptoms are evaluated in girlsTiivistelmä Tyttöjen käytöshäiriö on vähän tutkittu mutta yleinen psykiatrinen häiriö. Tässä tutkimuksessa analysoitiin tyttöjen käytöshäiriön riskitekijöitä, oireiden faktorirakennetta, käytöshäiriöisten itsetuhoisuutta, samanaikaista psykiatrista ja somaattista sairastavuutta sekä nikotiiniriippuvuutta psykiatrisessa osastohoidossa olleiden alaikäisten nuorten keskuudessa. Tutkimusaineistoon kuului 508 12–17-vuotiasta nuorta, jotka olivat hoidossa psykiatrisella akuuttihoito-osastolla Oulun yliopistollisessa sairaalassa 1.4.2001–31.3.2006 välisenä aikana. Nuoret haasteteltiin käyttämällä puolistrukturoitua Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) -haastattelua, jonka avulla määritettiin nuorten psykiatriset diagnoosit Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) -diagnoosiluokituksen mukaisesti. Lisäksi potilaat haastateltiin European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) -haastattelulla, josta saatiin tietoa fyysisestä terveydentilasta, perhetilanteesta ja rikollisuudesta. Aineiston nuorista 63 tyttöä ja 92 poikaa täyttivät käytöshäiriön kriteerit. Tämä tutkimus osoitti, että vaikka nykyisten DSM-IV-kriteerien perusteella tytöillä käytöshäiriön vaikeusaste oli aiempien tutkimusten tapaan poikia alhaisempi ja oireiden määrä vähäisempi, oli tyttöjen toimintakyky silti yhtä huono kuin poikien. Fyysinen perheväkivalta lisäsi tyttöjen riskiä väkivaltaiseen käytöshäiriöön ja asuminen erossa vähintään yhdestä biologisesta vanhemmasta lisäsi riskiä sekä väkivaltaiseen että ei-väkivaltaiseen käytöshäiriöön. Käytöshäiriöoireiden faktorianalyysi osoitti, että tytöillä ja pojilla oli eroa oireiden faktorirakenteessa eikä tyttöjen oireiden jako selkeästi noudattanut Loeberin esittämää polkumallia. Alkoholiriippuvuus lisäsi käytöshäiriöisillä tytöillä riskiä itsemurhan yrittämiseen ja itsensä vahingoittamiseen lähes 4-kertaiseksi. Käytöshäiriöisillä tytöillä oli poikia enemmän mieliala- ja ahdistushäiriöitä samanaikaisina psykiatrisina häiriöinä. Somaattisista häiriöistä käytöshäiriöiset tytöt raportoivat poikia enemmän allergioita. Käytöshäiriön oireiden määrä oli yhteydessä sekä tytöillä että pojilla nikotiiniriippuvuuden voimakkuuteen. Tyttöjen ja poikien välillä oli eroa nikotiiniriippuvuuteen korreloivissa oireryhmissä. Tämän tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella tyttöjen ja poikien käytöshäiriöllä on eroavaisuuksia. Tyttöjen käytöshäiriön ennaltaehkäisyyn, tunnistamiseen ja hoitoon tulee kiinnittää erityistä huomiota. Primaariperheen hyvinvointi näyttäisi olevan tärkeää ennaltaehkäisyssä. Käytöshäiriöisen tytön hoidossa tulee kiinnittää erityinen huomio alkoholin käyttöön sekä depression hoitoon itsetuhoisuuden ehkäisemiseksi. DSM-IV ei ehkä nykyisellään ole riittävän herkkä työkalu tyttöjen käytöshäiriön diagnosoimiseksi, ja tähän tulisi kiinnittää huomiota kun käyttäytymisellään oireilevia tyttöjä hoidetaan
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Smith, Laura. "African Caribbean men with conduct disorder and severe mental illness : reducing violence and improving therapeutic engagement." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2011. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/10338/.
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Section A: A review of literature focused on African Caribbean men with diagnoses of both conduct disorder (as an indicator of antisocial behaviour) and severe mental illness. The review concludes that disorganised infant attachments appear to be predictive of conduct disorder, psychosis and poor engagement with services in a reciprocal 'vicious circle'. Section B: Empirical Paper: This study examined the relationships of African Caribbean men with severe mental illness and a history of conduct disorder, linking this to engagement with services. This was explored qualitatively using attachment theory and Lacanian discourse analysis within a psychosocial methodology. Four interviews were conducted and the texts were analysed. The findings echo the evidence base in showing that, according to this interpretation, all participants showed signs of disorganised attachment. All had had adverse encounters within mental health services although all could also cite discrete experiences which had been helpful and supportive. Each participant held different views about the interaction of ethnicity with care. Section C: A critical reflection on the research process, including: thoughts on learning experiences; retrospective changes to the study; clinical implications; and ideas for future research.
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Lewis, Rhiannon. "Understanding conduct disorder: the ways in which mothers attempt to make sense of their children's behaviour." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576118.
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The most common reason for referral to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) is often cited as being so-called 'disruptive behaviour disorders' (Puckering, 2009). Current treatment guidelines focus on family interventions, especially parent training programmes (NICE, 2006) and these have recently been included in the implementation of 'Children and Young People's Improving Access to Psychological Therapies' project (CYP IAPT, 2012). There have been significant difficulties reported in engaging families, with parental attributions and attitudes towards help-seeking being proposed as factors influencing engagement (Morrissey-Kane & Prinz, 1999; Kane et al., 2007). However, much of the previous research has tended to privilege pre-existing frameworks of understanding. The current study utilised qualitative methods in order to add to the current understanding of parents' experiences. Specifically, the ways in which parents attempt to make sense of their children's behaviour. Participants were recruited through CAMHS and semi-structured interviews were carried out with six mothers. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) revealed four master themes: 'Looking for an answer', 'The emotional experience of being a parent', 'Trying to get help' and '...a long, long road ...' Participants used a variety of frameworks in order to try and make sense of their children's behaviour, including emphasising difficulties in processing complex emotions and the impact of loss and trauma. Participants appeared to struggle to integrate opposing views of their children and the emotional impact of parenting and the wider family context was found to be vital in understanding mothers' experiences.
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O'Reilly, Dermot. "Behavioural parent training : the development of a high intensity programme for children diagnosed with conduct disorder." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/behavioural-parent-training-the-development-of-a-high-intensity-programme-for-children-diagnosed-with-conduct-disorder(f797457d-e249-4cd2-9102-2c256230dcf5).html.
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The impulse to develop an effective method of intervention for conduct disorder arose through practice experience. As a social worker based in a special school for children with severe emotional and behavioural problems between 1986 and 1995, I had responsibility for working with the child in the famiIy context. My clinical impression was that behavioural gains in the school setting were not transferred to the home setting, where parents of conduct-problem children reported that they continued to find the child’s behaviour unmanageable. This was confirmed by Fitzgerald, Butler, and Kinsella (1990) who found that parents having a child who was placed in a special school reported with frustration that they were not taught how to manage their child in the home setting. I shared their frustration, because it was evident that these children were usually manageable in the school setting. Generic social work training and post-qualifying training in family therapy did not however, provide the means to intervene effectively with the child’s behaviour in the home setting. I hope that this research will encourage the introduction of behavioural social work practice in Ireland, and that by doing so, it will broaden the practice options which are currently available to social workers. I also hope that the introduction of behavioural methods will lead, not to further paradigm wars, but to the necessary respect for diversity which emerges when social work is considered in a European context: The diversity of social work approaches which, despite all efforts at international harmonisation has not been levelled to one standard norm, might turn out to be one of the professions greatest assets in facing up to the diversity of the newly emerging welfare scenario (Lorenz, 1994, p. 181).
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Short, Roxanna. "The impact of comorbid anxiety on the neuropsychological and clinical features of conduct disorder in adolescence." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/402685/.
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Conduct disorder (CD) is a common condition that emerges in childhood or adolescence, and is characterised by rule-breaking, aggression and delinquency. CD entails a considerable economic burden and is linked to unfavourable adult outcomes such as antisocial personality disorder and persistent criminality. CD therefore represents a considerable treatment need. However, it remains difficult to treat, and this is partly due to the extensive heterogeneity of the disorder. Part of this heterogeneity is a result of comorbidity with other disorders. There is converging evidence that links CD with anxiety disorders (ADs). However, the precise relationship between CD and ADs is as yet unclear: there is evidence for attenuating and exacerbating effects of ADs on CD severity and prognosis. Furthermore, little is known regarding the neuropsychological profile of individuals with comorbid CD+ADs compared to those with CD alone. This is important given that alterations in emotion processing have been implicated in the aetiologies of both CD and ADs. The present study investigated the effect of comorbid ADs on the clinical presentation and emotion processing styles of adolescents with CD, by comparing groups of adolescents with CD-only (n = 31), ADs-only (n = 23), comorbid CD+ADs (n = 20) and a typically-developing control group (n = 30). We used a range of clinical and questionnaire-based assessments, as well as a series of emotion processing tasks: three threat processing tasks and a facial emotion recognition task. We found that whilst the presence of comorbid ADs in CD had little effect on the clinical and personality characteristics of CD (e.g., callous-unemotional traits), individuals with comorbid CD+ADs performed differently on the emotion processing tasks compared to individuals with CD or ADs alone (and tended to perform similarly to controls, suggesting a protective effect of comorbid ADs). This suggests that the comorbid CD+ADs condition may represent a distinct disorder with its own distinct emotion processing style, which may have implications for the treatment of individuals with CD.