Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conduct Disorder

Academic literature on the topic 'Conduct Disorder'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Conduct Disorder"

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ÖZBAY, Ahmet, Osman ÖZÇELİK, and Süleyman KAHRAMAN. "Conduct Disorder: An Update." Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 16, no. 1 (October 3, 2023): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1331287.

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Conduct disorder is a serious mental disorder with a heterogeneous etiology that is frequently encountered in child and adolescent psychiatric clinics, although there are social and international differences. Conduct disorder can be defined as violating the basic rights of others, age-appropriate social norms and values, or existing rules with consistently aggressive behavioral patterns. It has been defined under various headings since DSM-II and most recently in DSM-5 under the heading "Disruptive Disorders, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders". Genetic, individual, and psychosocial factors play a role in the etiology and constitute a broad etiology. Although its onset dates to childhood, if assistance is not sought, it can lead to more serious mental disorders. Conduct disorders are associated with several mental disorders. Therefore, a differential diagnosis should be made and an effective treatment option should be established. No specific medications were available for treatment. Different disciplines can collaborate for a long time to achieve successful results. In this article, the definition of conduct disorder, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, comorbidity, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment approaches are reviewed.
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Sanders, Lee M., and Judith Schaechter. "Conduct Disorder." Pediatrics in Review 28, no. 11 (November 2007): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.28-11-433.

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Sanders, Lee M., and Judith Schaechter. "Conduct Disorder." Pediatrics In Review 28, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.28.11.433.

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Nicol, Rory. "Conduct Disorder." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 11, no. 4 (July 1998): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199807000-00004.

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Spender, Quentin, and Stephen Scott. "Conduct disorder." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 9, no. 4 (July 1996): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199607000-00008.

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Robins, Lee N. "Conduct Disorder." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 32, no. 1 (January 1991): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00008.x.

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Prasad, Aishwarya. "Oppositional Conduct Disorder." Eastern Journal of Psychiatry 15, no. 1-2 (November 26, 2021): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/ejp-15-1--2-31.

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Reavy, Racheal, L. A. R. Stein, Kathryn Quina, and Andrea L. Paiva. "Assessing Conduct Disorder." Journal of Correctional Health Care 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078345813505448.

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Marcos Altable and Jesús Romero-Imbroda. "Psychiatric comorbidities in conduct disorders and neurobiological bases." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.1.2016.

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Conduct disorder is rarely isolated, and the international literature shows a high and very diverse comorbidity. This article presents in particular the psychiatric comorbidity of conduct disorder with other externalized disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and internalized disorders such as mood disorder (depressive and bipolar disorder), anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders (abuse/dependence). These disorders seem to have a neurobiological substrate which implicates brain and hormonal changes, neurotransmitters alterations and environmental influences.
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Conner, Bradley T., and John E. Lochman. "Comorbid Conduct Disorder and Substance Use Disorders." Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 17, no. 4 (December 2010): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01225.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conduct Disorder"

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Donno, R. E. "Social communication deficits and conduct disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445421/.

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There is increasing evidence that a proportion of children with Conduct Disorder may have unidentified Autistic Spectrum Disorder (Gilchrist et al., 2001 Gilmour, Hill, Place & Skuse, 2004). This paper considers the argument that a subgroup of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder are undetected and subsumed under Conduct Disorder or similar descriptors. Diagnostic criteria are described and issues relevant to Conduct Disorder discussed. This is followed by an examination of the similarities and differences between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Conduct Disorder. The case for misclassification of Autistic Spectrum Disorder is explored through reinterpretation of the behavioural markers associated with Conduct Disorder. Sample definition in studies of children with Conduct Disorder is then critically examined. The paper concludes with a review of the literature on social information processing in children with Conduct Disorder exploring whether some findings could be better explained by an Autistic Spectrum Disorder presentation.
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Moret, Thomas J. "Paper folio one, Defining conduct disorder and its contributing variables, Paper folio two. Intervention strategies to treat conduct disorder, Paper folio three. Conduct disorder : an individual case." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0018/MQ54940.pdf.

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Bogardus, John. "Ordering conduct, conducting order, conduct disorder and the production of knowledge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0024/NQ37685.pdf.

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Green, Tara. "Risks associated with conduct disorder in girls." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81251.

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Conduct disorder is the second most common psychiatric disorder in adolescent girls. In a secondary analysis of an existing data set from a study of pregnant adolescent girls, recruited from three different sites in a Canadian city (N = 252), possible predictors of conduct disorder were examined. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was used to measure conduct disorder. To investigate possible risk factors, three instruments were used: (1) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), (2) Parental Bonding Instrument, and (3) Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI). In a stepwise regression analysis, conduct disorder was found to be significantly associated with four risk factors: high levels of overall abuse as children, placement in foster care, few years of schooling and lack of paternal care. A possible preventive program, to encourage girls with conduct disorder to stay in school and cope with past histories of abuse, is discussed.
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Karaman, Rowan. "Conduct disorder and decision-making in adolescent girls." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6561.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 31 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 21-24). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Jian, Xueqiu. "A Family-Based Association Study of Conduct Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1697.

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Conduct disorder (CD) is a psychiatric syndrome in childhood and adolescence that is one of the most common childhood disorders with continuously increasing prevalence but uncertain pathogenesis. We performed a genome-wide, family-based association study of CD using P2BAT/FBAT software. The data is gathered from Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) and International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project (IMAGE). Using COGA data, we identified 20 markers which showed suggestive associations (p<10-3) with CD. Nine of them are located in known genes. Two genes, ADAM10 and CAMK2A, which had been reported associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), bipolar disorder, and depression, were of more concern. Using IMAGE sample, our results were well replicated. This study identified several CD associated genetic variants, especially two novel candidate genes. These findings may serve as a resource for replication in other populations to elucidate the potential role of these genetic variants in CD.
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Vidings, Essi Maria. "Investigating neurocognitive systems underlying impulsivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405666.

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Peppa, Konstantina. "The neuropsychology of Conduct Disorder : the impact of comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/420032/.

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Conduct Disorder (CD) is characterised by a persistent and pervasive pattern of aggressive and antisocial behaviour that violates the rights of others or in which major age-appropriate societal norms are violated. Researchers have argued that this pattern of sensation-seeking behaviour stems from a higher threshold for emotional stimulation in children and adolescents with CD compared to typically-developing individuals. In addition, studies have found a reduced sensitivity to reward which interferes with the learning of appropriate behaviours. CD and AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are considered to be highly comorbid both in clinical and community samples. Research has indicated that individuals with CD+ADHD have poor social functioning, poor socio-economic outcomes later in life and are likely to drop-out or be kicked out of educational institutions. However, neuroscience research has not properly addressed the issues surrounding the effects of comorbid ADHD on cognitive and emotional processing in CD. Understanding these effects will allow us to develop more sophisticated causal pathways, which in the longer term may aid clinicians to administer treatments tailored specifically to patients’ individual needs. The present study investigated the effects of comorbid ADHD on the clinical and neuropsychological profiles of adolescents with CD, by comparing groups of adolescents with CD-only (CD-ADHD; n = 23), comorbid CD+ADHD (n = 28) and a typically-developing control group (TDC; n = 30). We used a range of clinical and questionnaire-based assessments, as well as a series of behavioural tasks that examined Executive Functions (EFs), facial emotion recognition and perspective-taking. We found that CD was independently associated with impairments in impulsive choice (“hot” EFs), whereas comorbid ADHD was associated with impairments in interference control and working memory (“cool” EFs). Furthermore, we found that a broad pattern of facial emotion recognition deficits was limited to those individuals with CD+ADHD. Our study was also the first study to explicitly investigate the impact of comorbid ADHD on perspective-taking in CD. Our results do not provide evidence for a deficit in perspective-taking in adolescents with CD, regardless of ADHD comorbidity. Considered together, these results provide some insight on the impact of ADHD on the neuropsychology of CD and can be useful to both researchers and clinicians when considering new research designs and clinical interventions.
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Sarkar, Sagari. "White matter correlates of conduct disorder and developmental psychopathy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/white-matter-correlates-of-conduct-disorder-and-developmental-psychopathy(9b472b3d-3557-41f1-9515-e690f6b53654).html.

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Conduct disorder (CD) is a serious disruptive behaviour disorder that is diagnosed in children who display repetitive and persistent antisocial behaviour, such as violence, robbery and vandalism. Children with CD present substantial costs to society, and are the group of children most commonly referred to mental health services. Further, CD is a strong predictor of adult Antisocial Personality Disorder and psychopathy. Research to date on the biological associates of CD has mostly compared the anatomy and function of specific brain regions in people with CD to controls. However, there is increasing recognition that brain regions do not act in isolation. Rather, they form part of integrated neural systems. Nevertheless, to date, there have been no studies on anatomical ‘connectivity’ in CD. Also there are few studies of how prenatal environment modulates the development of human limbic ‘social brain’ regions that are implicated in CD, and other abnormalities in social development. For example, prior studies reported behaviour problems in babies and children of mothers with elevated levels of stress or anxiety during pregnancy. Preliminary evidence suggests that these maternal emotional factors modulate intrauterine environment (e.g. through the stress hormone cortisol); and so may alter the development of limbic brain structures (such as the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex) that are crucial to emotion processing and social cognition. However, to date, only one human study has examined the association between prenatal maternal mood and altered development of neural systems in children.
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Harrington, Richard Charles. "Adult outcomes of childhood and adolescent depression." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367508.

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The study was based on the clinical data summaries ("item sheets") of children who attended the Maudsley Hospital during the late 1960s and early 1970s. These summaries were used to identify a group of 80 child and adolescent psychiatric patients with an operationally defined depressive syndrome. The depressed children were individually matched with 80 non-depressed psychiatric controls on demographic variables and non-depressive childhood symptoms by a computer algorithm. At follow-up, on average 18 years after the initial contact, information was obtained on the adult psychiatric status of 82% of the total sample. Adult assessments were made "blind" to case/control status, and included standardized measures of "lifetime" psychiatric disorder and psychosocial functioning. The depressed group was at increased risk for affective disorder in adult life, and had elevated risks of psychiatric hospitalization and psychiatric treatment. Depressed children were no more likely than control children to have non-depressive adult psychiatric disorders. These findings suggest that there is substantial specificity in the continuity of affective disturbances between childhood and adult life.
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Books on the topic "Conduct Disorder"

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Shamsie, S. J. Youth with conduct disorder. Toronto: Institute for the Study of Antisocial Behaviour in Youth, 1995.

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Matthys, Walter, and John E. Lochman. Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder in Childhood. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118972519.

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Matthys, Walter. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

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Matthys, Walter. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

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E, Lochman John, ed. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

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Gilliam, James E. Conduct disorder scale: Examiner's manual. Austin, Tex: Pro-ed, 2002.

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Laura, Crothers, and Jimerson Shane R, eds. Identifying, assessing, and treating conduct disorder at school. New York, N.Y: Springer, 2008.

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Connelly, Elizabeth Russell. Conduct unbecoming: Hyperactivity, attention deficit, and disruptive behavior disorders. Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999.

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Prof, Hill Jonathan, and Maughan Barbara 1946-, eds. Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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McIntosh, Kenneth. Youth with conduct disorder: In trouble with the world. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conduct Disorder"

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Klyce, Daniel W. "Conduct Disorder." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 909–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_9196.

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Clanton, Roberta L., Rosalind H. Baker, Jack C. Rogers, and Stéphane A. De Brito. "Conduct Disorder." In Handbook of DSM-5 Disorders in Children and Adolescents, 499–527. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57196-6_26.

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Bierman, Karen L., and Tyler R. Sasser. "Conduct Disorder." In Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology, 467–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9608-3_24.

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Atkins, Marc S., and Kim Brown. "Conduct Disorder." In Advanced Abnormal Psychology, 207–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0345-0_10.

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Wu, Tony. "Conduct Disorder." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 401–2. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_658.

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Atkins, Marc S., and Mary M. McKay. "Conduct Disorder." In Advanced Abnormal Psychology, 209–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8497-5_10.

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Klyce, Daniel W. "Conduct Disorder." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_9196-1.

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Kolko, David J. "Conduct Disorder." In Inpatient Behavior Therapy for Children and Adolescents, 205–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2332-5_8.

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Kolko, David J. "Conduct Disorder." In Handbook of Aggressive and Destructive Behavior in Psychiatric Patients, 363–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2403-8_21.

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Canal-Bedia, Ricardo. "Conduct Disorder." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1–9. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_407-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conduct Disorder"

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Georgoulas, Nikolaos. "Behavioral disorders in children." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.17201g.

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The child and adolescent psychopathology have been categorized into two broad classes, emotional (also called internalizing) and behavioral (externalizing) problems (disorders). In this paper, we describe the behavioral disorders in children. Behavioral problems are characterized by behaviors that are harmful and disruptive to others. Disruptive behavior disorders include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. These behavioral disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence period will be discussed in more detail.
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Georgoulas, Nikolaos. "Behavioral disorders in children." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.17201g.

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The child and adolescent psychopathology have been categorized into two broad classes, emotional (also called internalizing) and behavioral (externalizing) problems (disorders). In this paper, we describe the behavioral disorders in children. Behavioral problems are characterized by behaviors that are harmful and disruptive to others. Disruptive behavior disorders include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. These behavioral disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence period will be discussed in more detail.
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Bons, Danielle M. A., Floor E. Scheepers, Nanda N. J. Rommelse, and Jan K. Buitelaar. "Motor, emotional and cognitive empathic abilities in children with autism and conduct disorder." In the 7th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1931344.1931348.

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Galfi, Bernadette, Kinga Kalcza-Janosi, Borbala Tamas, Andrea Barta, and Istvan Szamoskozi. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS AND SYMPTOMS OF CONDUCT DISORDER: A META-ANALYSIS." In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s06.063.

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Several studies point to the relationship between callous-unemotional (CU) traits and symptoms of conduct disorder (CD) across different age groups. In case of young children and adolescents, it was found that in the presence of CU traits, externalizing behaviors are significantly more severe, as opposed to children who do not show CU traits. Integrating results from 11 studies, we analyzed data collected from n = 4381 participants from different age groups, ranging from toddlers to adolescents, to draw attention to the relationship between CU traits and symptoms of CD in this population. There was found a moderate, significant positive correlation (r = 0.37, 95 % CI [0.34, 0.44], p less than 0.001) between CU traits and symptoms of CD. Moderation analysis suggests that gender does not affect the strength of this relationship, as opposed to age and type of informant, which influence the relationship between CU traits and symptoms of CD, as moderator variables. Results support the idea that CU traits should be monitored and paid close attention to starting from a very young age, in order to prevent the development of clinical problems.
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Melendez-Torres, GJ, P. Leijten, W. Knerr, and FEM Gardner. "OP43 Network meta-analysis of empirically derived component classes in parenting interventions for child conduct disorder." In Society for Social Medicine, 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, University of Manchester, 5–8 September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-ssmabstracts.43.

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Umairah, Siti, Vanessa Adela Putri, Rosyida Rosyida, and Raihanatu Binqalbi Ruzain. "Effectiveness of Holistic Self Care to Overcome Work-Related Skeletal Muscle Disorder in Palm Workers Using Harvasting Tool Dodos: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.39.

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Background: Oil palm Dodos workers manually harvest the palm fresh fruit which can cause work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDS). Holistic self-care by combining stretching exercises and breathing techniques is believed to be able to overcome work related skeletal muscle disorders. The study aimed to conduct a systematic review of research articles identifying the effectiveness of holistic self-care in overcoming work-related skeletal muscle disorders in Riau palm Dodos workers, and identifying the frequency of implementing holistic self-care. Subject and Method: A systematic review was conducted through electronic database, including Google scholar, Science Open, and ScienceDirect. The keywords used were “musculoskeletal disorders” AND “stretching exercise” AND “breathing technique”. The articles were collected between 2009 to 2020. Results: The article analysis used in this study were 4 articles. The effectiveness of holistic self-care (stretching exercise and breathing technique) showed 30 minutes of exercise per day for 5 days per week for a period of 6 weeks can overcome the skeletal muscle disorders caused by work related neck, shoulder, upper, and low back pain in workers. Conclusion: Holistic self-care (stretching exercise and breathing technique) overcomes work related musculoskeletal disorders in workers. Keywords: work related musculoskeletal disorders, holistic self-care. Correspondence: Siti Umairah. Psychology Study Program, Faculty of Psychology, University of Islamic Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. Email: pujaumayrah@gmail.com. Mobile: +628 2250453378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.39
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Sotelo, Melissa, Dylan Richards, Matthew Pearson, and Protective Strategies Study Team. "Self-Reported Symptoms of Cannabis Use Disorder (SRSCUD): Psychometric Testing and Validation." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.16.

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Findings from national surveys demonstrate that cannabis use peaks in young adulthood and that the annual prevalence of marijuana use among young adults (34.0%) is the highest it has been in decades (Johnston et al., 2016). We developed a 13 item measure designed to characterize the 11 symptoms of CUD as described in the DSM 5 (APA, 2013). To evaluate the performance of this Self Reported Symptoms of Cannabis Use Disorder (SRSCUD) measure, we examined its associations with other measures of CUD symptoms, negative cannabis related consequences, and other known risk factors for CUD (i.e., coping motives). Colleges students (n =7000) recruited from 9 universities in 9 states throughout the U.S. Our analyses focus on past month cannabis users (n = 2077). We split our sample in half to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA,n = 1011) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, n = 1012). All items loaded saliently on a single factor of CUD symptoms in both EFA (.553 = λ = 805) and CFA models (.524 = λ = 830) (see Table 1). In our final model, we allowed correlated errors between the two indicators of tolerance (items 10 and 11) and the two indicators of withdrawal (items 12 and 13), and obtained acceptable model fit across most indices: CFI = .941, TLI = .927, RMSEA = .059, SRMR = .042. As shown in Table 2, the total score of the SRSCUD was strongly correlated with other CUD symptoms measures (.617 < r s < .697), demonstrating convergent validity. SRSCUD was moderately positively correlated with a well known risk factor for CUD (coping motives) and moderately negative correlated with a well known protective (cannabis protective behavioral strategies). We conducted receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses to identify well how our continuous measure of CUD symptoms could identify individuals who exceed the cutoffs for probable CUD on these other symptom measures. For the most well validated measure (CUDIT R), we had excellent sensitivity/specificity (mean score of 1.5 on SRSCUD) for predicting probable CUD. Although more research evaluating performance of the SRSCUD compared to a clinical diagnosis is needed, we have preliminary evidence for construct validity of this measure.
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Albuquerque, Pedro José Honório de, Laura Guerra Lopes, Jordy Silva de Carvalho, Luzilene Pereira de Lima, and Marina Galdino da Rocha Pitta. "Emerging therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis applied to drug discovery." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.021.

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Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neuromuscular disease mainly caused by genetic disorders. This progressive disorder involves the degeneration of motor neurons at various levels. Drugs have been studied, and they show improvement in survival and reduced progression of the disease, they are riluzole and edaravone. Objectives: Investigate emerging therapies for the treatment of ALS. Methods: The Pubmed database was used to conduct the research, and the keywords were “Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis”, “Emerging”, “Therapies”,”Drugs”, all present in Mesh. Articles from 2016 to 2021 were used. And the survey was conducted on May 2, 2021. Results: Only two drugs have been approved yet by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ALS, riluzole and edaravone, and each one offers modest benefits in mortality and/or function. On the other hand, 88 studies of clinical intervention trials are active using different drugs. Current therapies under development include oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (masitinib, trametinib); the antisense oligonucleotide (tofersen); the human monoclonal antibody inhibitor (ravulizumab); and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC); among others (RT001, Enoxacin, Engensis, ANX005, Deferiprone). Conclusions: Due to gaps in the knowledge of the specific pathophysiology of ALS, the definitive treatment is still a mystery. The drugs currently in use, riluzole and edaravone, are the most promising in terms of delaying the progression of the disease.
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Casco-Rodriguez, Josue, Sina Alemohammad, Lorenzo Luzi, Ahmed Imtiaz, Hossein Babaei, Daniel LeJeune, Ali Siahkoohi, and Richard Baraniuk. "Self-Consuming Generative Models go MAD." In LatinX in AI at Neural Information Processing Systems Conference 2023. Journal of LatinX in AI Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52591/lxai202312101.

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Seismic advances in generative AI algorithms have led to the temptation to use AI-synthesized data to train next-generation models. Repeating this process creates autophagous (“self-consuming”) loops whose properties are poorly understood. We conduct a thorough analysis using state-of-the-art generative image models of three autophagous loop families that differ in how they incorporate fixed or fresh real training data and whether previous generations' samples have been biased to trade off data quality versus diversity. Our primary conclusion across all scenarios is that without enough fresh real data in each generation of an autophagous loop, future generative models are doomed to have their quality (precision) or diversity (recall) progressively decrease. We term this condition Model Autophagy Disorder (MAD) and show that appreciable MADness arises in just a few generations.
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GURCOVA, Maria. "Individual and therapeutic approach with students with S.E.N. Establishing an active contact and involvement in interaction in curative-motor classes (kinetotherapy) with elements of psychology and special pedagogy." In Ştiință și educație: noi abordări și perspective. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/c.v1.24-25-03-2023.p234-240.

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In the program of the educational curriculum of Republic of Moldova a multidisciplinary team of specialists is working on an individual program of psycho-correctional assistance for each student in auxiliary school No. 6. Not only a speech therapist and a special teacher work with students with ASD, but also a kinetotherapist, with physical exercises, where tasks are set to develop motor skills (movements), coordination, balance, auditory attention and perception, speech activation through oral counting or appeals - requests, the development of interaction between children within the framework of the kinetotherapy lesson, the formation of arbitrary regulation of behavior based on physical exercises, outdoor games, as well as motor tasks that will solve not only important physical, but also psychological developmental tasks. The purpose of the study at this stage was to study the features of the influence of the environmental (therapeutic) environment on the development of psychomotor and communication skills in children with autistic disorder. The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the psychomotor skills of children with autistic disorders and children with developmental disabilities. The results obtained in individual lessons become sustainable and extend to other situations, places, people interacting with the student. A student who has established contact in a physical lesson will now more easily interact with a speech therapist or special teacher and in order to provide psycho-corrective work with a child with autism, we are specialists, we understand that creating a therapeutic environment is the key to success.
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Reports on the topic "Conduct Disorder"

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Irwin, Courtney L., Patrícia S. Coelho, Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon, Anabela Silva-Fernandes, Óscar F. Gonçalves, Jorge Leite, and Sandra Carvalho. Treatment-related changes of molecular biomarkers in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0105.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this review is two-fold: first, we sought to identify candidate biomarkers that could provide information on whether an individual with MDD would respond positively to common non-pharmacological treatments, and secondly, to conduct a meta-analysis to determine whether one form of common non-pharmacological treatment (namely CBT, tDCS and TMS) would produce better results over another in regards to its influence on biomarker levels. Information sources: The information sources used were: three online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO) to identify English-language human randomised controlled trials unrestricted by year of publication.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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Osadchyi, Viacheslav V., Hanna B. Varina, Kateryna P. Osadcha, Olesia O. Prokofieva, Olha V. Kovalova, and Arnold E. Kiv. Features of implementation of modern AR technologies in the process of psychological and pedagogical support of children with autism spectrum disorders. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4413.

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The article deals with the actual issue of the specificity and algorithm of the introduction of innovative AR technologies in the process of psychological and pedagogical support of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). An innovative element of theoretical and methodological analysis of the problem and empirical research is the detection of vectors of a constructive combination of traditional psycho-correctional and psycho-diagnostic approaches with modern AR technologies. The analysis of publications on the role and possibilities of using AR technologies in the process of support children with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) and inclusive environment was generally conducted by surfing on the Internet platforms containing the theoretical bases for data publications of scientific journals and patents. The article also analyzes the priorities and potential outcomes of using AR technologies in psycho-correction and educational work with autistic children. According to the results of the analysis of scientific researches, Unified clinical protocol of primary, secondary (specialized), tertiary (highly specialized) medical care and medical rehabilitation “Autism spectrum disorders (disorders of general development)”, approaches for correction, development and education of children with ASD, AR technologies were selected for further implementation in a comprehensive program of psychological and pedagogical support for children with ASD. The purpose of the empirical study is the search, analysis and implementation of multifunctional AR technologies in the psycho-correctional construct of psychological and pedagogical support of children with ASD. According to the results of the pilot study, the priorities and effectiveness of using AR technologies in the development of communicative, cognitive, emotional-volitional, mnemonic abilities of children and actualization of adaptive potential and adaptive, socially accepted behaviors are made. The possibilities and perspectives of using AR technologies as an element of inclusive environment, with regard to nosology and phenomenology, need further investigation.
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McPheeters, Melissa, Elizabeth A. O'Connor, Sean Riley, Sara M. Kennedy, Christiane Voisin, Kaitlin Kuznacic, Cory P. Coffey, Mark Edlund, Georgiy Bobashev, and Daniel E. Jonas. Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder in Outpatient Settings: Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer262.

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Background. Unhealthy alcohol use is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than 140,000 deaths annually. Only 0.9 percent of Americans who reported having alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the past year indicated they received medication-assisted AUD treatment. Methods. We updated a 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on pharmacotherapy for AUD treatment, following AHRQ Evidence-based Practice Center Guidance. We assessed efficacy and comparative effectiveness of specific medications for improving consumption outcomes (Key Question [KQ] 1) and health outcomes (KQ 2). We assessed harms (KQ 3) and sought to identify evidence for the use of pharmacotherapy to treat AUD in primary care (KQ 4) and among subgroups (KQ 5). When possible, we conducted quantitative analyses using random-effects models to estimate pooled effects. When quantitative analyses could not be conducted, we used qualitative approaches. Results. We included 118 studies (156 articles) in our review, which included 81 studies (106 articles) from the 2014 review and 37 studies (50 articles) published since then. Studies generally included counseling co-interventions in all study groups, and the benefits observed reflect the added benefit of medications beyond those of counseling and placebo. Oral naltrexone at the 50 mg dosage had moderate strength of evidence (SOE) for reducing return to any drinking, return to heavy drinking, percent drinking days, and percent heavy drinking days. The addition of a new randomized controlled trial of injectable naltrexone conducted in a population experiencing homelessness resulted in positive outcomes for a reduction in drinking days and heavy drinking days with low SOE. Acamprosate had moderate SOE for a significant reduction in return to any drinking and reduction in drinking days. Topiramate had moderate SOE for several outcomes as well, but with greater side effects. Two other medications demonstrated low SOE for benefit in at least one consumption outcome—baclofen (reduced return to any drinking) and gabapentin (reduced return to drinking and to heavy drinking). With no new studies on disulfiram, there remains inadequate evidence for efficacy compared to placebo for preventing return to any drinking or for other alcohol consumption outcomes. No new eligible studies provided head-to-head comparisons. Conclusions. Oral naltrexone at the 50 mg dose had moderate strength of evidence across multiple outcomes and relative ease of use as a once-daily oral medication. Acamprosate and topiramate also have moderate evidence of benefit with a less desirable side effect profile (topiramate) and a higher pill burden (acamprosate). Clinicians and patients may want to consider which treatment outcomes are most important when choosing among the medications. Current data are largely insufficient for understanding health outcomes. Finally, there is relatively little research to assess the use of medications for AUD among subgroups (9 studies) or in primary care settings (1 study).
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Zhu, Shixin, Heng Gao, and Gang Chen. Efficacy and Safety of PRC-063 for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0073.

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Review question / Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRC-063 for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Condition being studied: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed with the core symptoms including inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity.Current treatment options for ADHD include pharmacological treatment， behavioral therapy, and combination therapy of the two treatments above. Methylphenidate (MPH) and the extended-release formulation, as a first-line pharmacological treatment of ADHD, have been widely researched in the world.
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Graham, Timothy, and Katherine M. FitzGerald. Bots, Fake News and Election Conspiracies: Disinformation During the Republican Primary Debate and the Trump Interview. Queensland University of Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.242533.

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We used Alexandria Digital, a world leading disinformation detection technology, to analyse almost a million posts on X (formerly known as Twitter) and Reddit comments during the first Republican primary debate and counterprogrammed Tucker Carlson and Donald Trump interview on the 23rd of August. What we did: • Collected 949,259 posts from the platform X, formerly known as Twitter. These posts were collected if they contained one of 11 relevant hashtags or keywords and were posted between 8:45pm and 11:15pm EST on 23rd August 2023. • Collected 20,549 comments from two separate Reddit threads. Both were discussion threads dedicated to the first Republican primary Debate and the Tucker Carlson and Donald Trump interview from r/Conservative and r/politics. • This methodology allowed us to capture narratives and conduct analysis of coordinated behaviour that occurred immediately before, during, and after the Republican primary debate and the airing of the Tucker Carlson interview of Donald Trump. What we found: • A coordinated network of over 1200 accounts promoting the conspiracy theory that Donald Trump won the 2020 United States presidential election that received over 3 million impressions on the platform X; • A sprawling bot network consisting of 1,305 unique accounts with a variety of clusters; • Some of the largest clusters were coordinated troll networks in support of Donald Trump; a coordinated network of misleading news outlets, and a clickbait Pro-Trump bot network. • No coordinated activity was found on Reddit during the Republican Primary Debate or in discussion of the Tucker Carlson and Donald Trump interview. What does this mean? • X is flooded with platform manipulation of various kinds, is not doing enough to moderate content, and has no clear strategy for dealing with political disinformation. • A haven for disinformation. While pre-Musk Twitter previously managed to moderate harmful conspiracy theories such as QAnon, X is now a safe space for conspiracy theorists and political disinformation. • That no evidence of coordinated influence activity was found on Reddit suggests the extensive rules and moderation either prevented or removed coordinated activity from the platform. • Worrying trends. Given the prevalence of mis- and disinformation during the debate and interview, the leadup to the US 2024 Presidential Election is likely to witness a surge of information disorder on the platform. • Trump is back. The reinstatement of Donald Trump’s X account has emboldened conspiracy theorists and the far right, who are interpreting this as a sign that the reason why Trump was suspended (incitement to violence) validates election fraud disinformation and activism. • Anything goes. The lack of a freely available Twitter Application Programming Interface (API) means that researchers, journalists, and regulators cannot monitor disinformation on X and hold the platform to account.
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Kaambwa, Billingsley, Taylor-Jade Woods, Andrea Natsky, Norma Bulamu, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Kelly Loffler, Alexander Sweetman, et al. Content comparison of quality-of-life measures used in economic evaluations of sleep disorder interventions: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0068.

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Review question / Objective: 1. To identify the different contexts and populations in which quality-of-life instruments have been used in the published literature of economic evaluations in sleep health research. 2. To compare the content of these quality-of-life instruments by linking them to meaningful concepts. Information sources: An initial search will be limited to MEDLINE, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) and the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry to identify articles on the topic. The text words used in the titles and abstracts and the index terms used to describe the articles were used to develop a full search strategy in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and Emcare. The search strategy will be adapted for each database and/or information source. A systematic search will be conducted in the following electronic bibliographic databases from inception until June 2023. The searches will be re-run just before the final analyses and further studies retrieved for inclusion.
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O’Neil, Maya E., Tamara P. Cheney, Yun Yu, Erica L. Hart, Rebecca S. Holmes, Ian Blazina, Stephanie P. Veazie, et al. Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: 2022 Update of the PTSD Repository Evidence Base. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcptsd2022.

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Objectives. Identify and abstract data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid PTSD/substance use disorder to update the previous Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report and National Center for PTSD (NCPTSD) PTSD Trials Standardized Data Repository (PTSD-Repository). Data sources. We searched PTSDpubs, Ovid® MEDLINE®, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO®, Embase®, CINAHL®, and Scopus® for eligible RCTs published from June 1, 2018, to January 26, 2022. Review methods. In consultation with AHRQ and NCPTSD, we updated the evidence tables for the PTSD-Repository by including evidence published after publication of the last update and expanding abstraction of results to include calculated standardized effect sizes. The primary publication for each RCT was abstracted; data and citations from secondary publications (i.e., companion papers) appear in the same record. We assessed risk of bias (RoB) for all newly included studies using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool for randomized trials. For studies already in the PTSD-Repository, we will add calculated standardized effect sizes and update RoB using the new RoB 2 tool over the next several annual updates. Results. We added 48 new RCTs examining treatments for PTSD, for a total of 437 included studies published from 1988 to July 30, 2021. Among the 48 newly added RCTs, psychotherapy interventions were the most commonly employed (50%), followed by complementary and integrative health (17%). Approximately half of studies were conducted in the United States (46%), and enrolled community participants (52%) and participants with a mix of trauma types (48%). Studies typically had sample sizes ranging from 25 to 99 participants (69%). RoB was rated as high for 52 percent of studies, 31 percent were rated as low RoB, and the remaining studies were rated as having some concerns (15%). Conclusions. This report updates the previous AHRQ report to include 48 recently published RCTs, for a total of 437 studies. This update adds comprehensive data, standardized effect sizes for PTSD outcomes, and RoB assessment for the newly included RCTs. As with the previous AHRQ update, this report will inform updates to the PTSD-Repository, a comprehensive database of PTSD trials.
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O’Neil, Maya E., Tamara P. Cheney, Yun Yu, Erica L. Hart, Rebecca S. Holmes, Ian Blazina, Kate Clauss, et al. Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: 2023 Update of the Evidence Base for the PTSD Trials Standardized Data Repository. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcptsd2023.

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Objectives. Identify and abstract data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid PTSD/substance use disorder to update the previous Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on this topic and the National Center for PTSD (NCPTSD) PTSD Trials Standardized Data Repository (PTSD-Repository) with newly published trials. Data sources. We searched PTSDpubs, Ovid® MEDLINE®, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO®, Embase®, CINAHL®, and Scopus® for eligible RCTs published from August 1, 2021, to March 3, 2023. Review methods. In consultation with AHRQ and NCPTSD, we updated the evidence tables for the PTSD-Repository by including evidence published after publication of the last update and expanding abstraction of results to include calculated standardized effect sizes. The primary publication for each RCT was abstracted; data and citations from secondary publications (i.e., companion papers) appear in the same record. We assessed risk of bias (RoB) for all included studies using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool for randomized trials. For studies already in the PTSD-Repository, we will add calculated standardized effect sizes in a future update. Results. We added 60 new RCTs examining treatments for PTSD, for a total of 496 included studies published from 1988 to March 3, 2023. Among all 496 included RCTs, studies of psychotherapy interventions were the most common (44%), followed by pharmacologic interventions (19%). Most studies were conducted in the United States (59%) and had sample sizes ranging from 25 to 99 participants (58%). Approximately half of the studies enrolled community (i.e., not specifically military) participants (54%), and most were conducted in outpatient settings (78%). Studies typically enrolled participants with a mix of trauma types (51%). Among all 496 included RCTs, RoB was rated as high for 60 percent of studies, 27 percent were rated as having some concerns, and the remaining 14 percent were rated as low RoB. Among the 60 newly added RCTs, psychotherapy interventions were the most commonly employed (40%), followed by complementary and integrative health (10%). Approximately half of the studies were conducted in the United States (53%), and enrolled community participants (53%) and participants with a mix of trauma types (53%). Studies typically had sample sizes ranging from 25 to 99 participants (53%). Of the newly added RCTs, RoB was rated as high for 67 percent of studies, 17 percent were rated as having some concerns, and the remaining 17 percent were rated as low RoB. Conclusions. This report updates the previous AHRQ report to include 60 recently published RCTs, for a total of 496 studies. This update adds comprehensive data, standardized effect sizes for PTSD outcomes, and RoB assessment for the newly included RCTs. As with the previous AHRQ update, this report will serve as the updated evidence base for the PTSD-Repository, a comprehensive database of PTSD trials.
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Qian, Guoping, Xiaoye Cai, Kai Xu, Hao Tian, Qiao Meng, Zbigniew Ossowski, and Jinghong Liang. Which Gait Training Intervention Can Most Effectively Improve Gait Ability in Patients with Cerebral Palsy? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0108.

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Review question / Objective: To help physiotherapists and clinicians make clinical decisions, they may wish to know, on average, "the optimal treatment", so a comprehensive and up-to-date systematic review should be conducted on the relative effectiveness of gait ability intervention programmes in patients with CP. Using NMA, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of different approaches of gait training on gait ability in CP patients. The specific aim of this study was to verify the relative effectiveness of different gait interventions on the gait ability of people with CP. Condition being studied: Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a group of disorders attributed to non-progressive brain dysfunction in the developing foetus or infant, and it is characterized by central motor and postural dysplasia.
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