Academic literature on the topic 'Conditions of validity of the contract'
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Journal articles on the topic "Conditions of validity of the contract"
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Dahham, Mohammed Waheed. "أركان العقد الإداري وشروط صحته دراسة مقارنة." Twejer 3, no. 3 (December 2020): 707–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2033.19.
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The administrative contract is the tool used by the administration to maintain the continuity of the public facility and its steady progress in order to meet the needs of citizens, in way would achieve the public interest. The administrative contract consists of procedures paving the way for its conclusion, represented by the administrative decisions issued by this department with the public authority it has in accordance with the laws and regulations. These decisions are part of and component of the administrative contract. Therefore, the elements of the administrative contract are; that the public authority is one of its parties, the contract relates to a public facility service, and the contract should be subject to public law. However, the conditions of validity of the contract are; the administration shall abide by the laws and regulations in selecting the contractor, the administrative contract includes contractual and regulatory provisions and, and the public person has a generic feature throughout the life of an administrative contract. Key words; administrative law, administrative decision, elements of administrative law, conditions of validity of administrative contract, legal system of administrative law, conclusion of the administrative contract
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CRETU, Georgeta, and Camelia SPASICI. "THE LEGAL NATURE OF ”PRE-CONTRACTUL OBLIGATIONS”:CONDITIONS OF VALIDITY IN THE CONSUMER CONTRACT." Jurnalul de Studii Juridice 15, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2020): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/jls/15.3-4/73.
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This paper aims to briefly analyze the legal nature of “the pre-contractual obligations” regarding the information, counselling and safety elements that are specific to the consumer legislation. From the perspective of consumerist regulations, “the pre-contractual obligations” occur during the formation of the contract stage although in the civil contract the obligations of the parties designate the effects of the contract. In these circumstances, the following question arises: are “the pre-contractual obligations” laid down in the Consumer Code conditions of validity or effects (obligations) of the contract? This dispute is a part of the harmonization process of the institutions that are specific to the legislation of consumption with those of the contract as laid down in the Civil Code (the ordinary law in the matter). The paper is structured in four parts: “Introduction”, “The Stages of the Civil Contract: the Conditions of Validity, Conclusion, Effects and Termination”, “The Pre-Contractual Obligations as Laid Down in the Consumer Code” and “The Legal Character of the Pre-Contractual Obligations.” This legal undertaking ends with conclusions.
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Shojaei, Abdorreza. "Validity of Open Contract in International Trade Law." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p241.
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Open contracts are agreement whereby parties of the contract can insert terms and conditions in the contract, delete them, or revise them. Some contracts for the supply of goods or construction are examples of such contracts. One party (usually a contractor or seller) can have many initiatives by increasing and decreasing the price or by changing elements of the contract. Certainly, there are many reasons, motives, and important goals in creating this type of conventions and its acceptance by the legal community. Discovery of these reasons and the goals leads to fundamental changes and definition of this type of contract could be a major driver of reform in Iranian contract laws, as Iranian community prefers to use example or pre-specified forms of contracts. Therefore, referring to the Principles of European Contract Law and implementation of the legal provisions, legal doctrines, and jurisprudence, presentation of new concepts such as open contract as well as analysis of its nature, validity, and effects leads to establishment of grounds for accepting new contractual frameworks and its localization of contractual rights in Iran because it has been rejected due to traditional perspectives. It may result in legislation to pave the way for solving many legal problems in specialized issues such as oil contracts. In this regard, in addition to genealogy of open contract, this article aims to examine its types and its effects legally in the laws of countries like Iran and European countries.
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Bawono, Bambang Tri. "The Validity of Electronic Contracts in Software Applications." Jurnal Akta 7, no. 1 (June 13, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v7i1.10556.
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The development of information and communication technology resulted in the form of agreements turned into electrical forms, which are commonly referred to as electronic contracts. Discussion on electronic contracts refers to Article 46 paragraph (2) President Regulation No. 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions must also fulfill the legal conditions of the agreement. Based on this case, it is necessary to do a deeper study of the electronic contract, because it certainly has the potential to not fulfill the legal conditions of the agreement.Method research used in this research is library research. While the approach in this study uses a normative juridical approach. The source of legal material in this study uses primary and secondary legal materials.The results of this study state that the validity of electronic contracts in software applications can be canceled and null and void. Electronic contracts in software applications can be canceled because they do not meet the subjective requirements in terms of skills. This is because those who make electronic contracts through click warp have the potential to be immature, because they are under 18 years of age. Especially in the context of the use of smartphones or other devices related to the use of software applications, there are no clear rules regarding the minimum limits of users of such smartphones or devices. While the electronic contract has the potential to be null and void because the electronic contract is potential to conflict with the laws and regulations of Article 47 paragraph (1) President Regulation No. 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions. Electronic contracts in software applications are generally made using foreign languages, while Article 47 paragraph (1) requires that electronic contracts faced by Indonesian citizens must be made in Indonesian.Keywords: Electronic Contracts; Click Warp Agreement; Terms of Legitimate Agreement.
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Natig Mammadova, Nazrin. "LEGAL ANALYSIS OF VALIDITY OF A SURETYSHIP AGREEMENT." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 23, 2021): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/415-419.
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In order the contracts to be binding and engender legal consequences, firstly, they must be concluded in compliance with formal requirements set forth in the legislation. A suretyship agreement is also a contractual obligation. Taking into account its unilateral and gratuitous nature, the suretyship contract can result with onerous circumstances for the surety. That is why, validity conditions of the suretyship agreement pursue the aim to preserve legitimate interests and economic situation of the surety. The provision of them make the surety comprehend the seriousness of his engagement. This article illustrates the analysis of the essential terms of the suretyship agreement to be valid in comparison with foreign legal systems. Key words: suretyship agreement, a security device, conditions of validity, existence of a main obligation, written form, spouse’s consent.
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Cotutiu, Aurelia. "The Essential Conditions for the Validity of the Contract of Carriage." Journal of Legal Studies 16, no. 29 (June 1, 2015): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jles-2015-0005.
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Abstract At the conclusion of the transport contract for goods or people, the carrier shall make available to the consignor or the passenger his exclusive and special service to travel in space with a suitable means of transport, different from other previous or subsequent transport services. Thus, the transport activity is entirely distinct and independent from the civil or economic transactions concerning the goods transported, which run between the consignor and the recipient, or, taking another example, from the insurance agreement during the transport of goods or persons, imposed by law. At the same time, transport is a service of public interest, which obliges the transport operator to publish permanently his transport offer with all the information needed to access it. This is the source of the organized and uniform periodicity of the carrying trade, performed as a constant preoccupation in order to obtain profit. But, because of the multitude and diversity of displacement interests of the transport beneficiaries, sometimes the transport operator is forced to arrange that the transport of goods or people contracting should be carried out through another carrier. Therefore, whenever the transporter is substituted by another transport operator for total or partial execution of its duty, the latter will be considered part of the transport contract, taking over all obligations of the contracting operator directly with the beneficiary of his service.
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Oleksandr, Polivodskyі. "Land lease contract. Dynamic of invalidity." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 31 (2020): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2020-31-249-260.
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The article is devoted to the issues of invalidity of land lease contracts. The author points out that the problem is important and significant both for the theory and practice. Cases on land lease contract validity contain significant part of disputes in Ukrainian business and civil courts, that demonstrates topicality of the problem and demand to the ideas, conception and solution. Author proposes considers the problem of invalidity in dynamic, in accordance to the sequences of legal facts and conditions that are related to invalidity of contracts, proposes his own phases of invalidity (preceding or preparation; committing contract; executing contract; contestation of validity of the contract; legal consideration and application of effects of invalidity) as well as corresponding stages of invalidity of the contracts. In this view, the article contains analysis of legislation and it’s specific in aspect that is related to the issues of invalidity of land lease contract. The author made analysis of literature proposes changes to legislation on invalidity of land lease contract. The author points out that form of the land lease contract is not conditioned by registration of rights and contract itself, meanwhile, parties agreed another conditions/ Among others, the author proposes consider land lease contract as real contract (not consensual), that committed at the moment of signing, proposes application of the principle of legitimate expectations to relations that are related to invalidity agreement and proposes changes to legislation.
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TULAI, Dana-Lucia. "THE LEGAL CAPACITY OF THE PARTIES, AS A VALIDITY CONDITION FOR THE MANDATE CONTRACT." ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA. ECONOMIC SCIENCES 32, no. 2 (December 2023): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes32(2)009.
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This article aims to bring attention to the mandate contract, under the aspect of its validity conditions, more precisely the legal capacity required of the parties to be able to conclude such an agreement. First of all, the mandate contract must meet the general requirements for the validity of contracts, stipulated by art. 1179 para. (1) Civil Code. Regarding the form of the power of attorney, art. 1301 Civil Code specifies the fact that it will be effective only if it is given in compliance with the forms required by law ad validitatem for the conclusion of the contract that the representative is to make on behalf of the represented. In addition to these general conditions of contract validity, the conventional representation by mandate, in order to be effective, also requires the fulfillment of certain specific conditions, which essentially relate to the manifestation of the legal will of the participants in this tripartite operation, namely: the will of the representative to represent; the will of the represented to be represented; the will of the representative to perform legal acts through representation; the externalized will of the representative to represent and perform legal acts with the contracting third party and the externalized will of the third party with the value of accepting the contract with the representative (contemplatio domini).Therefore, the requirements for the valid and effective conclusion of the mandate contract must be assessed at the time of the conclusion of the convention, but in order for it to reach its final goal, consisting in the performance by the agent of the business entrusted by the principal, the requirements for the valid and effective conclusion of the targeted act, at the time of its completion, must also be met. Out of all these conditions claimed for the valid conclusion of the mandate, we have chosen to focus our attention in this study on the capacity required of the parties to contract, necessary so that conventional representation, as a tripartite operation, which involves a source act (the mandate agreement) and one/more targeted acts (the act/s concluded by the agent with third parties in the name and on behalf of the principal) will be validly formed.
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Ali bin Hussein Aidi, Ali bin Hussein Aidi. "Guarantees in Ṣukūk between Sharīʿah Objectives and Contract Conditions." journal of king Abdulaziz University Islamic Economics 32, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/islec.32-1.10.
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Guarantees offered for ṣukūk in Islamic finance have become a problematic issue of discussion. From the authors’ perspective, the issue should be approached from two aspects: one considering the required conditions for the validity of contracts and the other considering the Sharīʿah objectives. This research aims to emphasize the necessity of considering the objectives of contracts from a Sharīʿah perspective before judging their validity; particularly with regard to guaranteed ṣukūk. To achieve this goal, the research employs two methods: one descriptive and the other analytical as well as critical. The research has concluded that it is not permissible to stipulate holding the ṣukūk issuer liable neither for the ṣukūk nominal values nor for a predetermined amount of profit; that the idea of holding the ṣukūk issuer responsible based on considering him a joint muḍārib is not founded on solid evidence; that it is not permissible for the muḍārib, partner, or wakīl to be committed to give loan to ṣukūk holders when the actual return for ṣukūk is less than expected; that, in some of their applications, ṣukūk based on lease ending with ownership involve the impermissible ʿīnah transaction; that guarantees in ṣukūk contradict Sharīʿah rules when the issuer undertakes to purchase the ṣukūk assets at their nominal values at the end of the muḍārabah, mushārakah, or wakālah; and that the criteria to assess Islamic ṣukūk on the basis of Sharīʿah objectives can be divided into: criteria related to the motive, criteria related to the contract structure, and criteria for the outcomes of implementing the product.
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Hilal, Mustafa Abdullah, and Zaid Jamel Musa AL-Najar. "Comparison Study between Iraqi Conditions of Contract and FIDIC Conditions- The Red Book." Journal of Engineering 18, no. 03 (July 21, 2023): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.03.10.
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Reconstruction in Iraq requires coherent legitimate frameworks that are able to detail obligations, rights and responsibilities of the parties participating in reconstruction projects, regardless their type or delivery system.Conditions of Contract can be considered an important component of these frameworks. This paper investigates flexibility and appropriateness of the application of Iraqi conditions of contract in reconstruction projects. These conditions were compared to FIDIC Conditions. The objective wasn't comparing individual clauses, but rather exploring the principles and philosophy laying behind each conditions, and to what extent each conditions care about realizing equity between main contract parties. Validity of application on various project delivery systems was also investigated. The structure of Iraqi and FIDIC conditions were compared to determine how the efficiency of use will be effected by the layout, presentation, organization, and detailing of the contents of each conditions. Moreover, some clauses related to the project parties were compared in order to further illustrate the disparity in efficiency of each conditions. The paper concludes that Iraqi conditions of contract in its current state was, and will continue, hindering the reconstruction efforts in Iraq, as well as being a cause of money waste and bad quality of project outputs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conditions of validity of the contract"
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Kao, Wiyao. "Le contrat portant sur une chose future : essai d’une théorie générale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT3015.
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L'expression « contrat portant sur une chose future » signifie que les contractants peuvent valablement stipuler que la chose due sera future ; ils peuvent ainsi contracter sur une chose corporelle ou incorporelle qui n'existe pas encore, du moins dans son entièreté. Depuis la vente romaine de chose future, les contrats portant sur une chose future se sont diversifiés. La pratique de ces contrats est devenue courante en raison de leur importance économique. Prenant la mesure de cette diversité et de cette richesse, la réflexion sur le contrat portant sur une chose future a été envisagée sous le propos de théorie générale.Les contrats portant sur une chose future sont des figures familières sans que l'on les remarque forcément. Il convenait de les identifier dans un premier temps. Ce qui les caractérise et que l'on voit rapidement est que, chacun de ces contrats suppose une chose future qui en constitue l'objet ; la présente étude en propose une définition claire et distincte. Ce que l'on perçoit peut-être moins à l'analyse de ces contrats et qui, pourtant, leur est caractéristique, est qu'ils sont toujours des contrats commutatifs et non des contrats aléatoires. Ce trait montre que la théorie romaine de la vente de chose future, telle qu'elle a été toujours présentée, doit être utilisée aujourd'hui avec beaucoup de précautions pour expliquer tout le mécanisme du contrat portant sur une chose future.L'identification du contrat portant sur une chose future s'est poursuivie avec une référence à l'anticipation. Celle-ci est une explication doctrinale de l'article 1130 ancien, alinéa 1er, du Code civil qui disposait : « L'obligation peut avoir pour objet une chose future. » Elle explique aujourd'hui encore, après la réforme du droit des contrats, le nouvel article 1163, alinéa 1er. Ces trois références ou critères (la chose future, l'absence d'aléa et l'anticipation) ont permis d'identifier, d'un côté, les contrats spéciaux portant sur une chose future et, de l'autre côté, les sûretés conventionnelles portant sur une chose future.Après identification des divers contrats portant sur une chose future, il importait d'étudier leur régime juridique dans un second temps. Le contrat portant sur une chose future se distingue par deux règles communes et spécifiques : d'abord la naissance à la charge du débiteur d'une obligation préalable de faire consistant à faire advenir la chose promise en participant à sa création ou en exécutant un autre contrat ; et ensuite, la naissance au profit du créancier d'un droit éventuel, qui est le droit pur et simple en germe. En outre, la plupart des développements sur la validité et sur l'inexécution du contrat portant sur une chose future relèvent du droit commun du contrat. Les problématiques abordées n’ont pas permis de relever des spécificités tenant à l'aspect chose future, objet de la prestation.Sur le plan de la notion et du régime, il y a au total cinq critères et règles communs sur lesquels on peut s'appuyer pour parler de théorie générale du contrat portant sur une chose futureThe expression "contract relating to a future thing" means that the contracting parties may validly stipulate that the thing due will be future; they may thus contract on a tangible or intangible thing that does not yet exist, at least in its entirety. Since the Roman sale of a future thing, contracts relating to a future thing have diversified. The practice of these contracts has become commonplace because of their economic importance. Taking the measure of this diversity and richness, reflection on the contract for a future thing has been considered under the heading of general theory. Contracts relating to a future thing are familiar figures without necessarily being noticed. It was necessary to identify them first of all. What characterizes them, and what is quickly apparent, is that each of these contracts presupposes a future thing which constitutes their object; this study proposes a clear and distinct definition of them. What is perhaps less obvious from an analysis of these contracts, and yet characteristic of them, is that they are always commutative contracts and not random contracts. This feature shows that the Roman theory of the sale of a future thing, as it has always been presented, must be used today with great care to explain the whole mechanism of the contract for a future thing. The identification of the contract relating to a future thing continued with a reference to anticipation. This is a doctrinal explanation of former article 1130, paragraph 1, of the Civil Code, which provided: "The subject-matter of an obligation may be a future thing". It explains even today, after the reform of the law of contract, the new article 1163, paragraph 1. These three references or criteria (the future thing, the absence of contingency and anticipation) have made it possible to identify, on the one hand, special contracts relating to a future thing and, on the other hand, contractual securities relating to a future thing. Once the various contracts relating to a future thing had been identified, it was important to study their legal regime in a second stage. A contract relating to a future thing is distinguished by two common and specific rules: first, the debtor is under a prior obligation to do something which consists in making the promised thing happen by participating in its creation or by executing another contract; and second, the creditor has a possible right, which is the pure and simple right in germ, in favour of the creditor. Moreover, most of the developments on the validity and non-performance of a contract relating to a future thing fall under the general law of contract. The problems discussed did not make it possible to identify any specific features relating to the aspect of the future thing, the object of the service.In terms of the concept and the regime, there are a total of five common criteria and rules on which to base a general theory of the contract relating to a thing in the future
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Toyama, Miyagusuku Jorge Luis. "Validity and efficacy of the labor contract." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116240.
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The validity and efficacy of the labor contract as well as cases of nullity and defeasibility import an analysis of scopes of the supplementary application of Civil Code taking into account the peculiarities of Labor Law. Labor contract, while legal business has as regulatory framework to the regulations of Civil Code but it is necessary to determine, in each case, whether to apply fully this normative body, or modulate its supplemental application, or simply conclude that it doesn’t result compatible its regulation due to the special nature of labor relations. Specifically, this issue will be analyzed from cases of nullity and defeasibility of the labor contract.La validez y eficacia del contrato de trabajo así como los supuestos de nulidad y anulabilidad importan un análisis de los alcances de la aplicación supletoria del Código Civil teniendo en cuenta las peculiaridades del Derecho del Trabajo. El contrato de trabajo, en tanto negocio jurídico, tiene como marco de regulación a las disposiciones del Código Civil pero es necesario apreciar, en cada caso, si corresponde aplicar plenamente este cuerpo normativo, o modular su aplicación supletoria, o simplemente concluir que no resulta compatible su regulación por la naturaleza especial de las relaciones laborales. Especialmente, este tema será analizado a partir de los supuestos de nulidad y anulabilidad del contrato de trabajo
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Nguyen, Quan Hoang Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Validity contracts for software transactions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Computer Science & Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44533.
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Software Transactional Memory is a promising approach to concurrent program- ming, freeing programmers from error-prone concurrency control decisions that are complicated and not composable. But few such systems address consistencies of transactional objects. In this thesis, I propose a contract-based transactional programming model toward more secure transactional sofwares. In this general model, a validity contract spec- ifies both requirements and effects for transactions. Validity contracts bring nu- merous benefits including reasoning about and verifying transactional programs, detecting and resolving transactional conflicts, automating object revalidation and easing program debugging. I introduce an ownership-based framework, namely AVID, derived from the gen- eral model, using object ownership as a mechanism for specifying and reasoning validity contracts. I have specified a formal type system and implemented a pro- totype type checker to support static checking. I also have built a transactional library framework AVID, based on existing Java DSTM2 framework, for express- ing transactions and validity contracts. Experimental results on a multi-core system show that contracts add little over- heads to the original STM. I find that contract-aware contention management yields significant speedups in some cases. The results have suggested compiler- directed optimisation for tunning contract-based transactional programs. My further work will investigate the applications of transaction contracts on various aspects of TM research such as hardware support and open-nesting.
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Arditi, Rocha Luis M. "Intelligent retrieval system for conditions of contract documents in construction." FIU Digital Commons, 1992. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1304.
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The outcome of this research is an Intelligent Retrieval System for Conditions of Contract Documents. The objective of the research is to improve the method of retrieving data from a computer version of a construction Conditions of Contract document. SmartDoc, a prototype computer system has been developed for this purpose. The system provides recommendations to aid the user in the process of retrieving clauses from the construction Conditions of Contract document. The prototype system integrates two computer technologies: hypermedia and expert systems. Hypermedia is utilized to provide a dynamic way for retrieving data from the document. Expert systems technology is utilized to build a set of rules that activate the recommendations to aid the user during the process of retrieval of clauses. The rules are based on experts knowledge. The prototype system helps the user retrieve related clauses that are not explicitly cross-referenced but, according to expert experience, are relevant to the topic that the user is interested in.
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Ryan, Julian. "Show Me the Money: Examining the Validity of the Contract Year Phenomenon in the NBA." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14398539.
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The media narrative of the ‘contract year effect’ is espoused across all major professional American sports leagues, particularly the MLB and NBA. In line with basic incentive theory, this hypothesis has been shown to be true in baseball, but the analysis in basketball to this point has been flawed. In estimating the contract year effect in the NBA, this paper is the first to define rigorously the various states of contract incentives, the ignorance of which has been a source of bias in the literature thus far. It further expands on previous analyses by measuring individual performance more broadly across a range of advanced metrics. Lastly, it attempts to account for the intrinsic endogeneity of playing in a contract year, as better players get longer contracts and are thus less likely to be in a contract year, by using exogenous variations in the NBA’s contract structure to form an instrument, and by comparing performance to a priori expectations. In this manner, this paper produces the first rigorous finding of a positive contract year phenomenon. The estimated effect is about half that found in baseball, equivalent to a 3-5 percentile boost in performance for the median player in the NBA.
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Howell, David Evan. "Aspects of general conditions of contract which give rise to dispute." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1026.
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Thesis ( Masters Diploma(Civil Engineering))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1991The incidence of disputes has long frustrated effective management and completion of Construction Contracts. Very little material is available on the causes of disputes and how the respective General Conditions of Contract used in this country handle circumstances relating to these areas of dispute. Causes of dispute can be divided into two categories, namely Primary Causes and Secondary Causes. The Primary Causes are Time, Cost and Quality and the Secondary Causes are Risk. Variations and Alterations, Delays, Claims, Adverse Physical Conditions, Extensions of Time and Payment. All the secondary causes of dispute are risk related and a consideration of risk is therefore of utmost importance with regard to avoidance of disputes. To avoid disputes. risk has to be fairly allocated amongst the parties involved in the Contract. Before this can be done, however, risk first has to be identified and an attempt has to be made to reduce it. For a long time General Conditions of Contract have been used in this country which have been closely allied to British General Conditions. The General Conditions of Contract (1982) (Blue Book) is very closely allied to the I.CR General Conditions of Contract (4th edition). The latter contract was revised in 1979 and was generally considered to be more favourable toward the Contractor. It has become known as the LCE. General COnditions of Contract (5th edition). Both the General Conditions of Contract (1982) and the ESKOM General Conditions of Contract have recently been reVised, and on comparison of the clauses relating specifically to the major causes of disputes mentioned preViously, were found to be more biased in favour of the Employer and more closely allied to the C.S.R.A. General Conditions of Contract 1986, also widely used in South Africa The major reason for having drawn this conclusion is that in the case of GC C '90 and ESKOM '90, all claims have to be made in accordance with a general claims clause which involves a procedure which subjects the Contractor to unfair requirements and allocates risk unfairly on him. The General Conditions of Contract 1990 do, however, represent improvements in certain respects, namely with respect to clauses relating to Care of Works, Excepted Risks, Valuation of Variations, Monthly Payments, Time of Payments and Correction or Withholding of Certificates. No set of General Conditions can provide a completely equitable situation and each has its pros and cons. This thesis should provide an easy reference as to which are the major causes of disputes and as to how the respective General Conditions of Contract in this country handle the circumstances relating to these areas of dispute. It will also put forward recommendations on how disputes can be avoided and how certain clauses of the relevant documents can be improved.
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Kircher, Andrew J. "Estimation of the Squared Population Cross-Validity Under Conditions of Predictor Selection." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1472.
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The current study employed a Monte Carlo design to examine whether samplebased and formula-based estimates of cross-validated R2 differ in accuracy when predictor selection is and is not performed. Analyses were conducted on three datasets with 5, 10, or 15 predictors and different predictor-criterion relationships. Results demonstrated that, in most cases, a formula-based estimate of the cross-validated R2 was as accurate as a sample-based estimate. The one exception was the five predictor case wherein the formula-based estimate exhibited substantially greater bias than the estimate from a sample-based cross validation study. Thus, formula-based estimates, which have an enormous practical advantage over a two sample cross validation study, can be used in most cases without fear of greater error.
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De, Oliveira Michélle Branco. "Dispute resolution under the general conditions of contract 2010 / Michélle Branco de Oliveira." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8671.
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In the light of the nature of the construction industry and the fact that it is often burdened with disputes arising from the contract, appropriate and unique alternative dispute resolution procedures are indispensable for disputes to be resolved quickly, efficiently and effectively. Section 34 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides for the right to have disputes resolved by means of a public hearing before a court, alternatively, where appropriate, by means of an independent, impartial forum. Arbitration, mediation, conciliation and adjudication, to name but a few, are alternative methods used in resolving South African construction disputes. Some of these alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods are provided for in the Construction Industry Development Board recommended standard contracts. This study entails an analysis of the ADR methods in construction agreements with specific reference to the General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works 2010 (GCC 2010) and a comparison thereof with the English position. The application of the recommended ADR methods in the South African construction industry, especially adjudication, faces many challenges. There is no certainty as to the definition nor the procedure to be followed in the use thereof. The study concluded that there is a definite need for the contract to be reviewed, in particular the dispute resolution clause. The introduction of on- line dispute resolution was also recommended. This will contribute towards efficient, effective and expedient dispute resolution that is required due to the nature and role of the construction industry in a country‟s economy. There is also a definite need for legislation to be implemented which will assist in clarifying as well as regulating the adjudication procedure as used in the South African construction industry.Thesis (LLM)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Tykha, A. P. "Legal Regulation of Amendment of Labour Contract. –." Thesis, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, 2017. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/7670.
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The thesis enabled the resolving of the scientific problem regarding the necessity of the existing theoretical doctrine on the labour contract alterations deepen and adjustment according to the modern needs in consideration of latest changes in the economic and social life of the Ukrainian state. The specifics of labour contract alteration legal regulation under the current and draft labour laws of Ukraine are disclosed. The whole set of problems of labour contract alterations legal regulation is singled out and a number of actual proposals concerning sophistication of the current labour legislation in the appropriate part are formulated. The thesis consists of introduction, 3 sections, divided on 9 sub-sections, conclusions and references. Дисертаційне дослідження дало змогу вирішити наукову проблему, яка полягала у необхідності поглиблення та уточнення існуючого теоретичного вчення про зміни трудового договору відповідно до сучасних потреб з урахуванням останніх змін в економічному та суспільному житті української держави. Розкрито специфіку правового регулювання змін трудового договору за діючим та проектним законодавством України про працю. Виокремлено сукупність проблем правового регулювання змін трудового договору та сформульовано низку актуальних пропозицій щодо вдосконалення чинного законодавства про працю у відповідній частині. Дисертація складається із вступу, трьох розділів, які включають дев’ять підрозділів, висновків, списку використаних джерел.
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Kliemann, Ana Carolina. "Erro invalidante da dogmática do negócio jurídico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7686.
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A regulamentação das hipóteses de erro no Direito Obrigacional foi objeto de profunda alteração em razão da nova redação atribuída à matéria pelo novo Código Civil e em razão do novo cenário desenhado pelo princípio da manutenção do contrato. A presente dissertação trata das diferenças entre a regulamentação do erro em face do Código anterior (1916 – “CC/16”, artigos 86 a 113) e do novo Código (2002 – “CC/02”, artigos 138 a 166). Além disso, a dissertação trata sobre as conseqüências advindas do desfazimento do negócio jurídico por erro, inclusive sobre eventual indenização. As questões propostas e que subjazem esta dissertação são: em quais situações a parte pode requerer o desfazimento por erro? A existência de erro, somente, é suficiente para que se declare inválido o contrato? E quais são as conseqüências da invalidação do negócio jurídico? Há algum dever indenizatório? As respostas a essas questões serão umas, se analisadas a partir das regras do Código Civil de 1916, e outras, se respondidas com base nas regras do Código Civil de 2002. A dissertação analisa o fato de, em regra, a doutrina apontar como modificação do novo Código Civil a introdução do princípio da proteção da confiança daquele que não agiu em erro. Na verdade, no entanto, essa proteção já era implementada na vigência do Código Civil anterior (CC/16), por meio do dever de indenizar. Portanto, a proteção da outra parte não é novidade introduzida pelo novo Código Civil (CC/02). A tese exposta nesta dissertação aponta para o fato de que, além da proteção da outra parte, a lei protege o contrato em si, como uma forma de proteger o comércio, ou seja, todos os demais contratos que dependem dele, direta ou indiretamente. E essa proteção é colocada em prática ao se dificultar o desfazimento do negócio jurídico por erro. Nesse sentido, o novo Código Civil inovou ao acrescentar um outro requisito para o desfazimento do negócio por erro: a sua recognoscibilidade.The regulation of the hypotheses of mistake in Contract Law has suffered deep modifications due to the new wording of the new Civil Code and the new scenario drafted by the principle of maintenance of the contract. The presented thesis covers the differences between the old regulation supported by the old Civil Code (1916 – “CC/16”, articles 86 to 113) and the new one (2002 – “CC/02”, articles 138 to 166). Besides that, it deals with the consequences of the extinguishment of the contract due to mistake, including the possibility of indemnification of the other party. The questions posed, which are beneath this thesis, are: in which situations a party may avoid a contract for mistake? The existence of the mistake, solely, is enough to make the contract unenforceable? And what are the consequences? Is there any duty of indemnification? The answers will be different according to the rules of the Civil Code of 1916 and the 2002 one. In general, writers have pointed out as the modification introduced by the new Civil Code the protection of the other party that has not acted in mistake. Actually, this protection has been in evidence since the old Civil Code (CC/16), what was put into practice throughout the duty of indemnification. Thus, the protection of the other party is not the change introduced by the new Civil Code (CC/02). The point is that the new law, besides protecting the other party, protects also the contract itself, as a means of protection of the market, or, in other words, all other contractual relations that depend on it, direct or indirectly. And this protection is put into practice by making more difficult to terminate the contract for mistake. In this sense, the new Civil Code added one more requisite: the recognosibility of the mistake.
Books on the topic "Conditions of validity of the contract"
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Tribunal, Joint Contracts. Works contract conditions: Works contract/2. London: Building Employers Confederation, 1987.
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Mongan, Charles E. Validity of Darcy's law under transient conditions. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985.
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Engineers, Association of Consulting, and Civil Engineering Contractors Association, eds. ICE conditions of contract. London: Thomas Telford Ltd., 2002.
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Tribunal, Joint Contracts. Standard form of works contract: Works contract conditions (works contract/2). London: BEC Publications, 1988.
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Lith, Hélène van. International jurisdiction and commercial litigation: Uniform rules for contract disputes. The Hague, The Netherlands: TMC Asser Press, 2009.
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International jurisdiction and commercial litigation: Uniform rules for contract disputes. The Hague, The Netherlands: TMC Asser Press, 2009.
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Management, Institute of Wastes, ed. Contract management of waste recycling centres: Typical contract conditions. (Northampton): Institute of Wastes Management, 1990.
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Ranasinghe, Ananda. Guide to conditions of contract. [Colombo]: Ananda Ranasinghe, 2015.
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The ICE conditions of contract. 7th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2001.
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Brian, Eggleston. The ICE conditions of contract. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Conditions of validity of the contract"
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Andrews, Neil. "Validity." In Arbitration and Contract Law, 177–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27144-6_11.
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Andrews, Neil. "Arbitration Agreements: Validity and Interpretation." In Arbitration and Contract Law, 17–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27144-6_2.
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Patterson, Denis G. "Contract Considerations." In Treatment of Chronic Pain Conditions, 309–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6976-0_89.
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Edison, J. C. "FIDIC conditions of contract." In Infrastructure Development and Construction Management, 159–92. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003055624-7.
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Teggart, Victoria. "Variability and validity." In Rare Conditions, Diagnostic Challenges, and Controversies in Clinical Neuropsychology, 231–45. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003228226-18.
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Haidar, Ali D. "Contract Drafting and Main Conditions." In Handbook of Contract Management in Construction, 83–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72265-4_5.
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Klinger, Marilyn. "Differing Site Conditions." In Construction Contract Claims, Changes, and Dispute Resolution, 69–90. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414293.ch03.
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Goldbloom, Joseph. "The General Conditions of the Contract." In Engineering Construction Specifications, 31–142. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1452-3_4.
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Kovács, Attila. "Preparation of the conditions of Contract." In Enhancing Procurement Practices, 363–403. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8947-5_22.
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Fellows, R. F. "Conditions: Part 3: Fluctuations." In 1980 JCT Standard Form of Building Contract, 149–65. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13896-8_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Conditions of validity of the contract"
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Kambovski, Igor. "INDIVIDUALNA KOMUNIKACIJA I AUTOMATIZOVANO PREGOVARANjE KOD ELEKTRONSKIH UGOVORA." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujvcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.091k.
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Electronic agreement means an agreement concluded at a distance electronically, using electronic means. However, electronic means are used not only to conclude a contract, but also to negotiate and agree on its content and elements or to effect its implementation and execution. Modern societies are based on an economic system that is mainly based on contracts. In the conditions of development of globalization and digital economy, industry and service activities are focused on the achievements and advantages provided by the information society. However, without trust in electronically concluded contracts, new economies will not be able to realize their full potential and will lag behind the opportunities offered by new technologies. Therefore, it remains either to increase confidence in the technical possibilities and validity of the electronic contract or to find a completely new concept for regulating the exchange of goods and services within the new digital era. In any case, it is easier and more acceptable to create technical solutions for the legal validity of E-contracts in order to redefine legal contractual mechanisms that have been operating successfully for decades and centuries.
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Park, Hyun-Suk, Dae-Won Seo, Ki-Min Han, Dae-Heon Kim, and Tae-Bum Ha. "A Study on Resistance Performance for Various Trim Conditions and Bulb Shapes on a Container Ship Under Slow Steaming." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41782.
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Hull form had been unavoidably optimized for a single speed condition, normally a contract speed at design draft in the past many years due to various reasons such as limited design period, less advanced data processing capacity of a computer and so on. For this reason, for maximizing present ship’s operating efficiency, additional analysis relevant to resistance performance for slow steaming condition is newly required since the original hull form for this study also was developed about 10 years ago. In this paper, the resistance performances corresponding to various trim conditions are investigated not only for ship’s original contract speed (Fn: 0.255) but for slow speed (Fn: 0.163∼0.183) by slow steaming. Through this study, it can be accomplished to identify the optimum trim condition meeting the objectives of ship operator. Further to the trim optimization, bulbous bow shape renovation was carried out for off design condition (Fn:0.173) and both of CFD results, one is from an original bulbous bow shape, the other is from a reformed bulbous bow shape by us, are compared each other to identify the concrete reason for the improvement of resistance performance. Commercial CFD code of the STAR-CCM+ was utilized to evaluate the ship’s resistance performance on a 6,800 TEU container ship. To validate of the effectiveness of Starccm+, the experimental result of the subject hull form is referred and compared with the result from STAR-CCM+. Form factor prediction method by CFD that is based on extracting form pressure resistance component from difference of two different computational domains is presented. In this study, it is investigated to compare the form factor calculated by CFD with the model test result. This approach allows hull form designer to calculate a form factor corresponding ship’s trim variation by CFD in order to separate total resistance into wave making resistance and viscous resistance for more accurate effective power prediction.
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Zaidi, Qasim, and Anthony Skorupski. "Spatial weighting function for induced color contrast." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.wd6.
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The effect of different parts of the surround on the appearance of a central test area was measured by the following method: The observer viewed a central disk surrounded by a radial sine wave: i.e., along any radius through the center, the color of the surround varied sinusoidally in space. As the phase of the sine wave was changed so that it appeared to drift toward the center, the appearance of the center changed cyclically in time. The induced modulation was nulled by adding real temporal modulation to the disk. The amplitude of the nulling modulation was expressed as a function of the spatial frequency of the surround. The spatial weighting function for the induced contrast was obtained by the inverse Fourier transform of this function in those cases where the total induced effect in the central test area was a weighted average of the effect of each pixel of the surround, and the effect of each pixel was proportional to the change in amplitude at that pixel. The validity of these conditions was tested by measuring the effect of the superimposition of surrounds of different spatial frequency. Results are presented for both brightness and chromatic induction.
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George, Stephanie M., Amos Cao, Don P. Giddens, John N. Oshinski, and Frank C. Tong. "Quantitative Hemodynamic Comparison of Velocity Values From Computational Fluid Dynamics and Phase-Contrast MRI in an In-Vitro Aneurysm Model." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80294.
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Intracranial aneurysms affect thousands of people every year, therefore the ability to monitor their growth or predict their rupture would be invaluable for planning treatment. One proposed method to address this issue of predicting rupture is to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on phase contrast magnetic resonance (PC-MR). CFD and PCMR have been used to understand some of the fundamental conditions of cerebrovascular flow. While there has been general acceptance of the validity of CFD, some research suggests that there can be poor correlation between CFD flow calculations and directly measured flow (1). Previous research has qualitatively compared CFD to PC-MR and demonstrated similar pathlines (2). To the authors’ knowledge a systematic quantitative comparison has not been preformed. Therefore the purpose of this work is to quantitatively compare velocity data from phase-contrast MRI measurements and from a CFD model derived from MRI geometry and flow boundary conditions in an in-vitro aneurysm model.
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George, Stephanie M., Pierre Watson, John N. Oshinski, Charles W. Kerber, Daniel Karolyi, Frank C. Tong, and Don P. Giddens. "Computational Analyses of an In-Vitro Aneurysm Model Based on Three-Dimensional Angiography With Comparison to Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Dye Injection Studies." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19615.
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Computational fluid dynamic simulation (CFD) is a valuable tool that has been used to understand some of the fundamental conditions of cerebrovascular flow. Current methods include anatomic modeling of cerebral aneurysms derived from vascular imaging such as MRA, CTA, and three-dimensional angiography. The input blood flow waveforms can be represented from either mathematical models or physiologic sampling of flow with phase contrast MR techniques or particle image velocimetry (1). While there has been general acceptance of the validity of computational fluid dynamics, some research suggests that there can be poor correlation between CFD flow calculations and directly measured flow (2). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to qualitatively compare flow patterns in a cerebral aneurysm model using data derived from three sources: (i) direct phase contrast MRA measurement in the model; (ii) CFD simulation using computer models created from three dimensional angiography, and (iii) previously published high speed injection dye studies.
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Hack, Horst, Robert Purgert, and Robert Schrecengost. "Update on United States Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Component Test Project for 760 °C Steam Conditions." In AM-EPRI 2019, edited by J. Shingledecker and M. Takeyama. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2019p1476.
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Abstract Following the successful completion of a 15-year effort to develop and test materials that would allow advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) coal-fired power plants to be operated at steam temperatures up to 760°C, a United States-based consortium has been working on a project (AUSC ComTest) to help achieve technical readiness to allow the construction of a commercial scale A-USC demonstration power plant. Among the goals of the ComTest project are to validate that components made from the advanced alloys can be designed and fabricated to perform under A-USC conditions, to accelerate the development of a U.S.-based supply chain for key A-USC components, and to decrease the uncertainty for cost estimates of future commercial-scale A-USC power plants. This project is intended to bring A-USC technology to the commercial scale demonstration level of readiness by completing the manufacturing R&D of A-USC components by fabricating commercial scale nickel-based alloy components and sub-assemblies that would be needed in a coal fired power plant of approximately 800 megawatts (MWe) generation capacity operating at a steam temperature of 760°C (1400°F) and steam pressure of at least 238 bar (3500 psia).The A-USC ComTest project scope includes fabrication of full scale superheater / reheater components and subassemblies (including tubes and headers), furnace membrane walls, steam turbine forged rotor, steam turbine nozzle carrier casting, and high temperature steam transfer piping. Materials of construction include Inconel 740H and Haynes 282 alloys for the high temperature sections. The project team will also conduct testing and seek to obtain ASME Code Stamp approval for nickel-based alloy pressure relief valve designs that would be used in A-USC power plants up to approximately 800 MWe size. The U.S. consortium, principally funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Ohio Coal Development Office under a prime contract with the Energy Industries of Ohio, with co-funding from the power industry participants, General Electric, and the Electric Power Research Institute, has completed the detailed engineering phase of the A-USC ComTest project, and is currently engaged in the procurement and fabrication phase of the work. This paper will outline the motivation for the effort, summarize work completed to date, and detail future plans for the remainder of the A-USC ComTest project.
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Wichall, J. A. "Successful management of contract conditions." In IEE Colloquium on How to Operate Standard Form Contracts Successfully. IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19951287.
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Mikami, Takao, Shinya Tanaka, Masashi Tatsuzawa, and Takeshi Sakida. "Status of the Development of the CGT301, a 300 KW Class Ceramic Gas Turbine." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-252.
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The CGT301 ceramic gas turbine is being developed under a contract from NEDO as a part of the New Sunshine Program of MTTI to improve the performance of gas turbines for cogeneration through the replacement of hot section components with ceramic parts. The project is conducted in three phases. The project currently in Phase 2 focuses on the development of the “primary type” ceramic gas turbine (turbine inlet temperature: 1,200°C). CGT301 is a recuperated, single-shaft, ceramic gas turbine. The turbine is a two-stage axial flow type. The major effort has been on the development of the turbine which consists of metallic disks and inserted ceramic blades (“hybrid rotor”). Prior to engine tests, component tests were performed on the hybrid rotor to prove the validity of the design concepts and their mechanical integrity. The engine equipped with all ceramic components except the second stage turbine blades was tested and evaluated. The engine was operated successfully for a total of 23 hours without failure at the rated engine speed of 56,000 rpm with the turbine inlet temperature of 1,200 °C. Further, the engine equipped with all ceramic components was successfully tested for one hour under the same conditions. Engine testing of the “primary type” ceramic gas turbine is continuing to improve the performance and the reliability of the system for the purpose of moving forward to the development of the “pilot” ceramic gas turbine (turbine inlet temperature: 1,350 °C) as the final target of this project. This paper summarizes the progress in the development of the CGT301 with the emphasis on the test results of the hybrid rotor.
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Inoue, S., H. Shida, N. Yoshizawa, and K. Takase. "NEUROPHYSIOLOGY-BASED EVALUATION METHOD IN LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT FOR BRIGHTNESS PERCEPTION OF SIMPLE TARGETS." In CIE 2023 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x50.2023.po109.
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Recently, neurophysiology-based models have been received attention as a highly accurate and versatile method for estimating visual qualities, such as visibility, brightness, and glare. In this study, based on previous studies on classical filling-in models, we introduce a new model that incorporates the flow of visual information processing related to brightness from the retina to the primary visual cortex (V1) and beyond, then, verify the validity of this algorithm through subjective evaluation in a laboratory. We conducted an experiment using targets with a smooth luminance gradation, which differ in central luminance, luminance contrast, and viewing angles. The simple linear regression analyses were applied between the participants’ evaluations and the brightness perception values calculated using this algorithm, and a high coefficient of determination was obtained. Thus, the experiments confirmed the usefulness of the examined brightness perception algorithm evaluating bright and dark conditions.
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Watson, Cori, and Houston Wood. "Evaluating Configurations of Double Surface Helical Groove Seals Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77190.
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Helical groove seals are non-contacting annular seals used in pumps and other rotating machinery to reduce the flow of working fluid across a pressure differential. These seals have continuously cut grooves, like the threads of a screw, across the surface of the rotor, the stator, or both surfaces. They function to reduce the flow of working fluid by two physical mechanisms. First, fluid traveling in the axial direction dissipates kinetic energy as it expands in the grooves and then is forced to contract in the jet stream region between the grooves. Second, the fluid within the grooves is displaced toward the high pressure region through the pumping action of the helical grooves. In multistage pump design, it is now common to use helical groove seals with grooves on both the surface of the rotor and stator where the grooves are opposing in direction. That is, the case where the grooves on the rotor pump towards the outlet, but the grooves on the stator pump towards the inlet. Despite this being the industry standard, no data in the literature exist that suggests that this design is better than other possible double surface helical groove seal configurations. This work examines the conditions in which each configuration of double surface helical groove seals is preferable. To accomplish this, simulations are run using ANSYS CFX for a variety of operating conditions for each configuration. The operating conditions varied are pressure differential and rotor speed. The baseline design of this data is a validated against experimental results from the literature showing the performance of opposing groove direction helical groove seals. This paper also discusses the validity of the multi-reference frame steady-state setup that can be used to efficiently simulate these seals. Finally, this study presents discussion and conclusions of the preference to opposing direction helical groove seals based on the flow mechanisms of the seal configurations. This work will form the basis of future work designing computationally efficient analysis tools to analyze these double surface helical groove seals, which are already widely used but lack computational analysis tools.
Reports on the topic "Conditions of validity of the contract"
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Zheng. L52044 Effects of Operating Practice on Crack Dormancy and Growth. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011334.
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This report describes the output of two phases of the research contract on �Effects of Operating Practice on SCC Crack Growth�, GRI-05/8668, submitted to PRCI in August 2002 (Phase I) and in July 2003 (Phase II). The objective of the first phase of the work was to identify, through literature survey, a correlation model that relates the crack growth rate in low-pH or in high-pH environments to the deformation rate of the line pipe steel. The objective of the second phase of the project was to experimentally validate the correlation model(s) identified in Phase I. The ultimate goal of this work is to define the critical loading condit ions necessary for SCC so that operating practices can be assessed for the purpose of eventual avoidance of SCC. It is also hoped that such a deformation-rate-based model can provide insight for understanding the transition between �active� and �inactive� (or dormant) states of the cracking that is often observed in laboratory SCC tests. Understanding the causes for dormancy of stress corrosion cracks and the mechanism(s) of crack reactivation has significant practical implications. Service life is extended if conditions of dormancy can be maintained and conditions of growth or reactivation can be avoided.
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BELYAEVA, E. CONTRACT SERVICE AND CONTRACT MANAGERS FOR PROCUREMENT. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2021-10-6-1-7-12.
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The article examines the issue of the position and activities of contract services, the demand for which has become most relevant after the changes made to Law No. 44-FZ, the conditions under which the customer is obliged to create a contract service are disclosed.
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Hayden, David D., Richard C. Bishop, Joel T. Park, and Stephen M. Laverty. Model 5514 Capsize Experiments Representing the Pre-Contract DDG51 Hull Form at End of Service Life Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455271.
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Shih, C. F., L. Xia, and J. W. Hutchinson. Validity limits in J-resistance curve determination: A computational approach to ductile crack growth under large-scale yielding conditions. Volume 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10123471.
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Chapman, Keshavarz, and Johnson. L52078 Ambient Temperature Effects on Turbocharger Performance. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011222.
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The objective of this project was to either validate the current correlations or develop a new correlation that are used to compare compressor maps. Most compressor maps are presented at standard temperature and pressure. In order to compare data that is not collected at these conditions, correlations are used to relate the data to standard conditions. This project analyzes the validity of currently used correlations and provides improved correlations as needed.
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Baader, Franz, and Silvio Ghilardi. Connecting many-sorted theories. Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.147.
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Basically, the connection of two many-sorted theories is obtained by taking their disjoint union, and then connecting the two parts through connection functions that must behave like homomorphisms on the shared signature. We determine conditions under which decidability of the validity of universal formulae in the component theories transfers to their connection. In addition, we consider variants of the basic connection scheme.
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Dolado, Juan J., Etienne Lalé, and Hélène Turon. Zero-hours Contracts in a Frictional Labor Market. CIRANO, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/hvdc9170.
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We propose a model to evaluate the U.K.’s zero-hours contract (ZHC) – a contract that exempts employers from the requirement to provide any minimum working hours, and allows workers to decline any workload. We find quantitatively mixed welfare effects of ZHCs. On one hand they unlock job creation among firms that face highly volatile business conditions and increase labor force participation of individuals who prefer flexible work schedules. On the other hand, the use of ZHCs by less volatile firms, where jobs are otherwise viable under regular contracts, reduces welfare and likely explains negative employee reactions to this contract.
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Botros, Geerligs, and Given. L52187 Decompression Response of High-Pressure Natural Gas Pipelines Under Rupture or Blowdown Conditions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010394.
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The Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. found that Scandpower has software that is capable of predicting the transient response of a pipeline segment transporting either conventional or enriched dense phase natural gas mixtures when subjected to a controlled blow down or an uncontrolled rupture event. Consequently PRCI expressed a desire to pursue an experimental work to provide the basis for evaluating the adequacy of the existing software and/or define further development if any. NOVA Research and Technology Corporation (NRTC) was awarded a contract to perform the experimental work and compare results with prediction by the OLGA 2000 software. The existing NPS 2 stainless steel decompression tube test rig at TCPL Gas Dynamic Test Facility (GDTF) in Didsbury, Alberta, Canada, has been expanded specifically for this project. The initial length of 30 meters was extended to 172 meters in order to simulate a longer length to diameter (L/D) ratio. Two sets of tests were conducted: one to simulate pipeline rupture and another to simulate controlled blowdown. Rupture was simulated by a rupture disc located at one end of the tube, while blowdown was affected by a typical blowdown stack and a reduce-bore ball valve. The test scope included three gas mixtures (conventional, medium rich and rich) and three initial pressures: 10, 14 and 20 MPa.
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Gertler, Paul, Sebastián Galiani, Raimundo Undurraga, Adam Ross, Sebastian Martinez, and Ryan Cooper. Shelter from the Storm: Upgrading Housing Infrastructure in Latin American Slums. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011645.
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This paper provides empirical evidence on the causal effects that upgrading slum dwellings has on the living conditions of the extremely poor. In particular, we study the impact of providing better houses in situ to slum dwellers in El Salvador, Mexico and Uruguay. We experimentally evaluate the impact of a housing project run by the NGO TECHO which provides basic pre-fabricated houses to members of extremely poor population groups in Latin America. The main objective of the program is to improve household well-being. Our findings show that better houses have a positive effect on overall housing conditions and general well-being: treated households are happier with their quality of life. In two countries, we also document improvements in children's health; in El Salvador, slum dwellers also feel that they are safer.We do not find this result, however, in the other two experimental samples. There are no other noticeable robust effects on the possession of durable goods or in terms of labor outcomes. Our results are robust in terms of both internal and external validity because they are derived from similar experiments in three different Latin American countries.
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Gutiérrez, José E. Optimal regulation of credit lines. Madrid: Banco de España, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/33492.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a contract-theoretic model in which banks choose pre-arranged and ex post funding to finance firms’ liquidity needs through credit lines. When liquidity needs are high, pre-arranged funding is key to sustaining lending and reducing the number of firms going into liquidation. Yet, in the presence of a pecuniary externality on firms’ liquidation values, competitive banks choose insufficient pre-funding compared with a constrained social planner. Constrained efficiency can be restored using regulatory liquidity ratios. The optimal regulatory ratio depends on the frequency of high liquidity need conditions, the value lost after a firm’s liquidation, and the premium on pre-funding.