Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conditions économiques – Grande-Bretagne'
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Farnetti, Richard. "Essors financiers et déclin relatif de l'économie britannique (1873-1989)." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA030012.
Full textThe nature of the historical decline of the british economy has been an overdebated issue for more than a century. Our approach will insist on the characterization of the two financial expansions which have taken place during the 1973-1989 period in order to find out the articulation with the general course of the economic development. To this end, we have therefore divided up this quitte long period into three distinct stages which differ totally as far as the accumulation of capital is concerned. The study of the fisrt stage (from 1873 to 1913) will thus enables us to sketch out the general peculiaritied of the british financial expansion: unlike the french imperialist expansion for instance, the british developement of finance capital appears to have maintained closer links with the "real economy" that is the production and exchange of manufactured goods. The second stage will largely be determined by the creation of the american central bank in december 1913. From this date onwards the financial rivalry between the united states and the united kingdom has become a central and permanent issue in the worls economic arena, most particularly in monetary matters. All later events will fuel this basic antagonism, the 1929 crash consequences being the ultimate illustration of it
Dormois, Jean-Pierre. "Performance et productivité dans les économies française et britannique à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040155.
Full textThis thesis consists in a critical examination of the tenets commonly held in recent work on comparative anglo-french economic history. It focusses on the decade prior to 1914 at a time of an unprecedented boom in french industrial output and a comparatively more stagnant british economy. However, it is not so much fluctuations than industrial organisation and productive capacity that it is concerned with. It attempts to assess the reality of two supposedly radically different patterns of industrialization across the english channel. As opposed to the results obtained by o'brien & keyder (1978), our comparison of anglo-french indicators of labour productivity (used here as a proxy to tepg) for the 3 sectors of the economy, point to the existence of a sizeable gap between the two to the detriment of france. This gap ranges from one third in agriculture of the uk productive capacity to two thirds in manufacturing industry up to 80 % in some services like banking. In the formulation of explanatory hypotheses for these differentials, insights are given on the quality and composition of the labour force, size and organisation of firms as well as capital usage. These inroads lead us to observe that structural change, commonly assigned as the major sources of productivity advance, had not been as extensive in france as in the uk, not so much because of consumer and producer preferences but because of important market segmentation and restrictive practice
Nwanna, Léo. "Les mutations de l'Etat-Providence en Grande-Bretagne : évolution ou crise?" Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081001.
Full textThis study placed the development of social policy in the context of economic and financial policy. It then discussed how the welfare state had fared since the 1940s. From 1914-1945 the western world experienced two world wars and a major economic depression. Each had a considerable impact on the development of social and economic policy. It was during the wartime coalition government that the keynesian white paper on unemployment was produced, and beveridge's proposal for the reform of social security were made. From 1945 to 1970, both laband conservative government largely agreed on the mixed economy and the welfare state. However, the searing experience of high inflation in the 1970s challenged the new orthodoxies in turn and by 1979 the prime minister margaret thacher and the new right could speak of victorian virtues of laissez-faire with approbation
Khelifi, Achour. "La Révolution industrielle en Grande-Bretagne vue par les voyageurs français contemporains, 1780-1840." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040106.
Full textOur doctoral thesis attempts to analyse, explain and interpret the perception and representation of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers between 1780 and 1840. It is divided into two distinct but interrelated parts. The first part is intended as an introduction to the second one. It is centered mainly on the travellers, their travels and their accounts. It tries to determine the documentary value of the travellers' accounts, which will be used as primary sources. We will undertake an internal analysis of the corpus in search of the clues which will help us in our assessment of their documentary value, focusing on the main determining factors and criteria of classification of the travellers, the motives of travel and the content and form of their accounts. This will enable us get an initial idea of the nature and value of the representations of the Industrial Revolution, which will be the subject of the second part. More substantial, the latter part will examine, analyse and interpret the selected documents, in an attempt to bring out and restore the perception and representations of the different aspects of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers. The second part will try to study, explain and interpret the evolution of the representations of the main facets of the Industrial Revolution, which caught the travellers' attention and focused their eyes. And, as a general conclusion, we will try to structure, organise and deepen the analysis in a modest attempt to bring out and underscore the overall underlying significance of the changing perception of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers, and what it tells us about their understanding of it
Deschamps, Yannick. "Daniel Defoe au service de l'union anglo-écossaise (1707) : essai d'interprétation des arguments utilisés par Defoe pour promouvoir l'union." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030048.
Full textDefoe is inextricably linked with the anglo-scottish union. When the act of union was submitted to the scottish parliament, in 1706-1707, the pamphleteer was in edinburgh. Entrusted by harley to promote the union, he attended the sessions of the scottish parliament. He sat in the committee dealing with the economic articles of the union. He participated in the meetings of the general assembly of the church of scotland. But it is essentially with his pen that defoe tried to serve the union. In the review and in numerous pamphlets, among which a series of essays at removing national prejudices against an union, he argues that the established churches of england and scotland have nothing to fear from the act of union, that scotland, although losing its parliament, will be well represented in the westminster parliament, and that the union will stimulate scottish agriculture, fishing, industry and trade. Defoe, following the requirements of propaganda, takes some liberties with the truth :he namely overestimates the capacity of the union to put the scottish economy back onto the rails of progress immediately. But he is right in several respects. The status of the churches of scotland and england will not be altered and scotland will eventually benefit from english prosperity, especially after 1750. Besides, defoe displays much talent in the controversy which brings him into conflict with the anti-unionist pamphleteers. His use of rhetorical devices in particular is remarkable. As a consequence, the role played by defoe in the success of the union should not be minimized
Foucaud, David. "Crise financière et choc institutionnel : une comparaison des crises anglaise de 1866 et thaïlandaise de 1997." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174116.
Full textBerenguier, Cécile. "Le tunnel sous la Manche, de sa conception à sa mise en exploitation, 1987-1997 : incidence sur la région du Kent." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/berenguier_c.
Full textOn May 6 1994, the channel tunnel was inaugurated ; since that day, Great-Britain is no longer an island. The accomplishment of this huge construction and the starting up of Eurotunne transport system have had a lot of repercussions on the surrounding regions. What is the impact, from its conception to its operation, of the channel tunnel on Kent ? First of all, the problematics has been considered from an historical, juridical, technical and financial angle, secondly, the main aspect of the research, that is to say, the impact of the project from a socio-economic point of view, on the basis of the forecasts of the consultants, has been investigated. Thirdly, the analysis has dealt with the actual socio-economic impact of the tunnel on Kent over the first three years of operation. To conclude, this study leads to a reflection on the role of a realization such as the channel tunnel in a perspective of european integration
Boughanmi, Aymen. "L'impérialisme britannique de libre échange, 1846-1932. Une analyse géoéconomique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030082/document.
Full textThe pinnacle of the British Empire in the middle of the XIX th century coincides with the beginning of an era of economic free-trade that progressively stood out as a crucial doctrine and as an essential factor of British power. Organized by the City, the networks of the commerce and the international finance became a geopolitical instrument for the imperial territorial expansion. The junction between the economic dimensions and the strategic considerations was the central element of the British national project, offering a link between the domestic history and the foreign history of the United-Kingdom. Borne during the Pax Britanica, this link was but partially questioned by the First World War, which, contributed, however, to create the political and economic conditions that will lead to a new project for the British nation
Golven, Amélie. "La contribution de William Godwin au débat sur l'éducation des pauvres en Angleterre (1783-1831)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030137.
Full textIn England, at the end of the eighteenth century, the debate on the education of the poor gets stronger. Poverty is increasing and it is perceived as a threat to people’s safety. In that context, education appears as a means to regulate and solve the moral problems it triggers. William Godwin, a writer, a philosopher but also an educator takes part in the debate which articulates education, poverty and politics. The present research aims at carrying out a reading of William Godwin’s political and educationnal philosophy from the views he expressed, separately, on the issue of poverty.Though he never clearly mentioned that his educational and political thinking was also meant for the lower ranks of society, we believe that a coherent reading of his work can be performed if we suppose that his thinking was effectively destined for the poor. Defining Godwin’s contribution to the debate on education for all first implies to propose a description of the educational system in Godwin’s time. Then, an analysis of his educational plan that stands in total opposition to the education of his time has been suggested. Based on equality among men, their potential of progress and the developement of all human qualities, it intends to form independent human beings able to live harmoniously with other people. Eventually, educating means forming new men able to live in a new society. To Godwin, the new society is a place where people are educated and autonomous enough to get rid of the state. At the end of our study, it seems legitimate to assert that, in Godwin’s thinking, there is neither a society for rich people or a society for the poor, or an education for the rich and another one for the poor but rather an education and a society for everybody
Cazin-Kenny, Anne. "Dynamique de l'emploi en zone rurale anciennement industrialisée : analyse comparative Cévennes/Pays de Galles." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010571.
Full textTThe thesis examines the possibilities of economic renewal in the Cévennes (France) and in Mid-Wales (UK). Part one defines and contrasts the two areas in terms of industrial history, current employment trends, and local identity within national culture. Based on a survey, part two studies and classifies current businesses : - their levels of innovation, success, entrepreneurship, local ties, and business strategies. Part three examines the balance between state-aided regeneration programmes and profit-motivated business initiatives in the context of the two different systems of local government
Chaix, Bénédicte. "L'immigration des Siciliens en Angleterre et leurs expériences d'intégration : 1950-2000." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE39009.
Full textThrough the diachronic exploration of the facets of Sicilians' migration to England (1950-2000) considered as a whole, this research aims at the presentation of the issues belonging to migration, allowing socio-spatial dynamics and integration strategies to meet. Both the analysis and comparison between older and latest Sicilian experiences reflect the evolving condition of the migrant across space and time and convey the diversity of human trajectories. The experimental content of the analytical argument widens the theoretical lines. Taken as a whole made of complex systems of interdependence, the study of the migratory experience allows to define the triggering elements of migration (push factors) and understand the migratory process (pull factors). Be it repulsion or attraction, necessity or choice, determinist and individualist influences appear as expressions of the theories put forward. The research on the integration processes paves the way towards the defining of an integration scheme with main factors influencing the overall migration course. We emphasize the role of factors in the construction of identity, in the processes of acculturation, deculturation and reculturation, but also in cultural and reference classifications. The issues of identity, diversity and clash of cultures are seen as relevant symbols of societal manifestations in terms of multiculturalism and plural reality. The thematic analysis together with relevant factors leads to the factor diagrams built thanks to a database that is at the same time the basis for the analysis and central element for the analytical optimization and experimental capitalisation
Leboissetier, Léa. "The Pedlar, the Reformer and the Police. The Evolution and Regulation of Itinerant Trading in Britain (1860s-1940s)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0046.
Full textThe 1860s–1940s period is often described as being marked by the decline of town-to-town and doorstep trading, primarily due to the proliferation of small shops and urbanisation. I challenge this narrative by contributing to three distinct research fields. First, commercial history: I demonstrate that the number of itinerant traders did not substantially decrease in Britain before the mid-1930s. Pedlars and hawkers continued to meet a diverse consumer demand that extended beyond a simple need for inexpensive, low-quality goods. They remained popular in the countryside and in small towns. The rise of tourism and urbanisation contributed to the expansion of street trading in Britain, underscoring the integral role of itinerant trading in the nation's commercial dynamism. This dissertation also contributes to labour history: itinerant trading served as a safety net for poor labourers during periods of unemployment. Itinerant trading was thus part of the working classes' makeshift economy. For other traders, such as credit drapers, it represented a profitable and long-term career choice. Finally, this dissertation adds to migration history: peddling and hawking were popular among seasonal migrants and often served as entry-level occupations for those seeking to settle more permanently in Britain. The dissertation also contributes to the history of policing, public policies, and public assistance. British authorities aimed to both encourage and control itinerant trading. In the 1870s, Liberals viewed this activity as a good alternative to poor relief. However, it was also seen as problematic, as many reformers and police officers associated peddling with vagrancy. Within local governance, its role of a 'self-help' occupation was contentious. Issues such as commercial competition, child labour, hygiene, and obstruction of public highways led local authorities to impose restrictions on this activity. After 1914, concerns about vagrancy declined, but Britain implemented protectionist and anti-migration policies. A growing number of bye-laws was passed to regulate itinerant trading during this period, but the general acts of the late nineteenth century became increasingly outdated, particularly with the emergence of new modes of transport. The Second World War prompted authorities to amend regulations concerning itinerant traders of rationed commodities. After the war, the ideal of peddling serving as a safety-net for the poor disappeared from public discourse. This dissertation provides an overview of the evolution of itinerant trading and of its regulation in a period of urbanisation, industrialisation, and globalisation. It explores the various groups involved in this activity, with particular attention to gender, racialisation processes, and the socio-economic backgrounds of individuals. It rests on a variety of sources, including administrative and police records, the press, census returns, published sources, and ego-documents
Rufflé, Isabelle. "Du néocolonialisme au dragon celte : croissance et dépendance de l'économie irlandaise au 20e siècle." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20014.
Full textAs southern Ireland is striving to break the bond of dependency that ties her to the United Kingdom, it is gradually becoming an industrial region of the United Sates of America. Contrary to the expectations of the nationalists, the political sovereignty obtained in 1921 did not lead to economic independence and growth but to the continuation of a neocolonial relationship with the UK. This subordination is the consequence of the strengh of the age-old commercial, financial and fiscal links shaped between the two islands, of the existence of a pro-British élite hostile to the economic breakaway, of the conservatism of the population and of the absence of a strategy of development. Since 1960's and thanks to the liberalisation of world trade, Ireland has been able to implement, although belatedly, a very pragmatic policy of growth and employment based on the attraction of foreign direct investments, particularly those of American origin, and European integration. Yet, the three-way relationship set up between Ireland, the European Union and the USA is ill-balanced in so far as the role of American companies in the Irish economic growth is out of proportion compared to the size of the 26 Counties. Consequently, this makes the Irish economy more fragile and increases inequalities within Irish society
Depoortere, Rolande A. "La Belgique et les réparations allemandes après la première Guerre mondiale, 1919-1925." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212662.
Full textRaveloarison, Lovatiana. "La Stratégie Européenne pour l'Emploi ˸ quels enjeux pour le Royaume-Uni ? (1997-2017)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA010.
Full textUnlike her European counterparts, Britain did not sign the Social Charter in 1989 and benefited from an opt out of the social rights included in this Charter until 1997. When the first New Labour government came into office, Tony Blair put an end to this British opt out. The Labour Party, which had been against the British entry into the EEC in the seventies, managed to convince its members to change their views on the European Union two decades later thanks to this Charter. By signing the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the UK adopted the Social Charter and accepted the changes brought by the “Social Chapter” included in the Treaty. The Treaty of Amsterdam also introduced the European Employment Strategy. Since then, the UK has endorsed the Social Charter and implemented a range of UE social measures. Despite social policies, the UK compared to its European partners is considered as “the Anglo-Saxon model” available in the US because Margaret Thacher's economic policies have not been deeply modified and at the European level, there are British particularities as far as labour law and industrial relations are concerned. Yet despite such disparities, the European Council considered in 2002 that the employment policies carried out in the UK were in accordance with the European Employment Strategy. This thesis examines how the European Employment Strategy is operating in the UK. The analysis focuses on how the European guidelines are implemented in the UK labour market regulation. The aim is to shed light on a paradox: on the one hand, the UK labour market has its own specificities which are not similar to other European countries; and on the other, the employment policies pursued in the UK comply with the European guidelines within the European Employment Strategy
Bevant, Yann. "La question d'Irlande du Nord : relations anglo-irlandaises et perspectives européennes." Rennes 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN20001.
Full textThe Northern Irish question has been the focus of attention for the past twenty four years. As yet, common initiatives taken by the governments of the Republic of Ireland and of the United Kingdom have not produced any solution liable to break the political deadlock, mainly because of ideological limits linked to the notion of sovereignty membership of the European Community has not provided a framework through which a solution could emerge. Ec help is mostly of an economic nature. The ec funding is ameliorative rather than transformational, and is not likely to provide a solution to Northern Ireland's economic difficulties. Besides, although social and political changes are noticeable in Northern Iireland and can be directly connected to the influence of the ec, it seems that both the nationalist and the unionist traditions tend to pursue their mutually exclusive goals through the new European dimension
Aza, Ondine. "Enjeux et défis de la trajectoire de développement de deux petits États insulaires anglophones : étude comparée de Maurice et de Trinidad des origines à l’ère de l’économie de la connaissance." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA021/document.
Full textAt a time when economic growth is thought to be driven primarily by knowledge, the purpose of this research is to analyse to what extent two Small Island Developing States – Mauritius and Trinidad – are adequately equipped for this new economic context. As former British colonies, they both joined the Commonwealth upon gaining independence in the nineteen-sixties and they have since largely succeeded in overcoming their initially unfavourable conditions. Today, their good political, economic and social development is widely acknowledged. The main focus of this research is to evaluate how far colonial legacy, which is still visible in the contemporary institutions of both these states, can favour the transition they wish to undertake towards knowledge-intensive activities as drivers of economic growth. For this purpose, the research analyses the development trajectory followed by their institutions and their economy spanning the whole period of their colonial and post-independence history; additionally, this research considers the steps which are undertaken nowadays to build the framework required to foster a knowledge economy by studying more specifically the role of higher education as an essential tool for human capital formation. While upholding that some of the assets which could help them achieve their objectives can be linked to their colonial past, the research contends that the transformation of these two countries into knowledge-based economies could be hindered by the legacy of colonisation on some of their current features and which, decades after gaining independence, impedes the widespread diffusion of knowledge amongst their population
Salibekyan, Zinaida. "Trends in job quality : evidence from French and British linked employer-employee data." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2001.
Full textThe contribution of this thesis is to examine the evolution of job quality from the perspective of the workplace using the British Workplace Employment Relations Surveys (WERS 2004 and 2011) and the French Enquête Relations Professionnelles et Négociations d’Entreprises (REPONSE 2005 and 2011). The thesis consists of three chapters and complements three main strands of the existing literature. The first chapter explores the impact of workplace adjustment practices on job quality in France during the recession. The second chapter examines the role of institutional regimes in Great Britain and France in explaining the cross-national variation in job quality. Finally, the third chapter investigates the strategies employees adopt in order to cope with their pay and working conditions