Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conditions de concurrence'
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Bouchellal, Abdellah. "Incidence de la concurrence bancaire sur les conditions de crédit." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0506.
Full textThis thesis investigates the effect of banking competition on the cost and the quality of lending to firms by financial institutions. Specifically, the empirical analyzes conducted in this thesis aim to reach two complementary objectives. First, assessing the degree to which the rivalry between banks influences their pricing strategy and therefore the cost of corporate financing. The second objective of this thesis is to study the impacts of bank competition on the way banks generate private information about their customers. To this end we proceed in two steps. First, we investigate whether banking competition affects the type of information used by loan officers to assess borrower’s quality. Then, we check the involvement of bank competition in the termination of bank-firm relationships. We consider for all the analyzes conducted in this thesis an approach where the complementarity between different competition indicators used in the literature is exploited in order to better understand the level of rivalry among banks. Several results emerge from the multiple empirical analyzes conducted in this thesis. First, these show that the market power of financial institutions result from two separate sources: the weight of the bank in the local credit market structure, and the level of efficiency of the credit institution. Therefore, the impact of competition between banks depends on the ability of banking competition to influence the local market structure of credit or the efficiency of bank. Moreover, we show that within a concentrated banking market, the existence of strong rivalries between banks reduced the financing cost of firms that had a house bank. Finally, we demonstrate that banking competition increases the duration of bank-firm relationships and encourages loan officers to produce more private information about borrowers. However, it would be safe for banks to monitor the behavior of loan officers regarding their role on information production, in order to design incentives that ensure a sustained effort on their part
Bouchellal, Abdellah. "Incidence de la concurrence bancaire sur les conditions de crédit." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0506/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the effect of banking competition on the cost and the quality of lending to firms by financial institutions. Specifically, the empirical analyzes conducted in this thesis aim to reach two complementary objectives. First, assessing the degree to which the rivalry between banks influences their pricing strategy and therefore the cost of corporate financing. The second objective of this thesis is to study the impacts of bank competition on the way banks generate private information about their customers. To this end we proceed in two steps. First, we investigate whether banking competition affects the type of information used by loan officers to assess borrower’s quality. Then, we check the involvement of bank competition in the termination of bank-firm relationships. We consider for all the analyzes conducted in this thesis an approach where the complementarity between different competition indicators used in the literature is exploited in order to better understand the level of rivalry among banks. Several results emerge from the multiple empirical analyzes conducted in this thesis. First, these show that the market power of financial institutions result from two separate sources: the weight of the bank in the local credit market structure, and the level of efficiency of the credit institution. Therefore, the impact of competition between banks depends on the ability of banking competition to influence the local market structure of credit or the efficiency of bank. Moreover, we show that within a concentrated banking market, the existence of strong rivalries between banks reduced the financing cost of firms that had a house bank. Finally, we demonstrate that banking competition increases the duration of bank-firm relationships and encourages loan officers to produce more private information about borrowers. However, it would be safe for banks to monitor the behavior of loan officers regarding their role on information production, in order to design incentives that ensure a sustained effort on their part
Eisele, Jean-Paul. "Les conditions de la clause de non-concurrence en droit allemand et en droit français." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN20002.
Full textMansouri, Yassine Gilles Philippe Boismery Hervé. "La localisation des activités productives Les tentions entre forces centrifuges et forces centripètes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326119/fr.
Full textSefiane, Hanane. "L’opposabilité et l’action en concurrence déloyale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0072.
Full textLaw rules relations between individuals. From an economic angle, it defines an activity range for each operator. Our research work aims at studying the french concept of “opposabilité” in a competitive background. The question is about analysing the effects of a contract or an exclusive right regarding third competitors; and the reconciliation proceeding that is the action on unfair competition. We will attempt to draw a criterion from unfair behaviour that enables a better analysis of the effect of competitive action on a market and therefore on this market's own operators, to adapt the “opposabilié” degree to allow protection of some and preservation of freedom for others
Ostojski, Laurent. "Les conditions de vente à l'épreuve du droit des contrats et du droit de la concurrence." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS015S.
Full text“Root of any commercial negotiation”, Conditions of Sale (i. E. General conditions of sale, specific conditions of sale and retailing global contracts) are essential for business. Yet, subject to the combined influence of two opposing rights: contract law and competition law, they raise many questions in practice. Is market transparency compatible with freedom of contract? If so, will this freedom emphasize the existing economic imbalances? Can the law-maker admit negotiability without abandoning the idea of effective controls? Although they exist, all these obstacles do not seem insurmountable. As long as their roles are clearly redefined, contract and competition laws can be reconciled. Thanks to a fixed and transparent basis as well as limitations, the parties would be allowed to tailor their agreement to their needs without any risk of imbalance. Formalized, such contract would also make the legislator sure that it doesn’t contain competition distorting clauses
Odoni, Miriam. "Concurrence et classement : la sélection par les concours dans la carrière des musiciens." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0146.
Full textThe objective of this research was to study the different ways in which musicians are selected for careers in the world of professional music, using international music competitions as our particular frame of reference. In this study, the focus was set on analyzing the careers of musicians who had entered international music competitions in the hopes of launching an international career. The goal pursued was to assess how their careers were affected, both in the short term and long-term, by winning. We found the world of professional music possesses specific features, notably high competition between the actors and different ways of functioning depending on how projects are organized. From this, we focused on how musicians manage to launch their careers in the music market and what resources they use to both spark and maintain success. By this we have strived to answer the following questions: What role does international music competition play in an open and competitive market place? And how does it influence the careers of musicians ? Our study was based on mixed methodologies including observations, as well as interviews with contestants, organizers, and prize-winners, in addition to a questionnaire for prize-winners. The collected data highlights three key functions pertaining to such competitions : learning and socialization, musician selection, and construction of reputation
Khimich, Aleksandra. "Essays in competition policy." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10008/document.
Full textCartels Damages to the Economy: An Assessment for Developing Countries (Joint with Marc IVALDI, Toulouse School of Economics and CEPR and Frédéric JENNY, ESSEC Business School, Paris) : The detection and sanction of cartels traditionally remains of a high importance for developed anti-trust authorities because of a clear understanding of their potential harm, and therefore of the potential benefits of their deterrence. Nevertheless, developing countries often struggle to create or reinforce their competition authority - running an antitrust division is costly and the supportive evidence concerning the potential benefits is still missing. Present study provides the missing quantitative evidence. It offers an assessment of the aggregate economic harm caused by cartels in developing countries measured in terms of sales affected by collusive practices as well as in terms of cartel excess profits arising from overcharging consumers. The results suggest that the aggregate economic damage estimated in terms of cartels’ excess profits can reach almost 1% when divided by the corresponding GDP. Furthermore, as the maximal annual probability of uncovering an already existing cartel is estimated to be around 24%, it is suggested that the actual economic harm exceeds our estimations at least fourfold. / Assessing the accuracy of merger guidelines’ screening tools (Joint with Marc Ivaldi, Toulouse School of Economics and Jérôme Foncel, EQUIPPE, University of Lille) : Present study offers a comprehensive assessment of the accuracy of two tools proposed by the most advanced merger guidelines - the traditional HHI test and a more recent UPP test- and attempts to define the economic conditions that favor misleading predictions. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to create economies that are further employed to measure the effects of mergers and to evaluate the performance of the chosen evaluation tools. Results suggest that the HHI test being applied to a market with differentiated products has a very weak performance. In its’ turn, the UPP test can also be quite misleading, even if one has perfect information on the main ingredients needed to compute it. It appears that some of type-I and type-II errors occur because the UPP-like tests by construction ignore the pricing pressure experienced by the merging partner. We demonstrate how this can be fixed by taking into account the corresponding cross pass-through rate. / The role of the cross pass-through effects in merger analysis : Present study demonstrates that the ignorance of the cross pass-through effect, and particularly of its sign, can lead to misleading conclusions in almost all stages of merger investigations, including the market definition procedure and the assessment of coordinated and unilateral effects. It offers an examination of the properties of the pass-through matrix in a sufficiently general framework that is convenient for horizontal merger analysis and derives the exact characteristics of both the demand and supply systems that affect the sign of the cross pass-through
Ayed, Amine. "Les marchés électroniques : structures, concurrence et conditions d’efficience : une application à la distribution des livres sur Internet." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12009/document.
Full textPrice levels and price dispersion on the Internet have attracted a lot of economic and managerial research. Contrary to initial predictions that the Internet would lead to the emergence of frictionless economy, empirical research shows price dispersion persist in electronic market. There have been a few studies comparing prices levels at online and offline retailers, but not much is known about how prices compare among two types of retailers, pure play and bricks-and-clicks retailers. We address this important issue in this thesis through an empirical analysis of price levels, price dispersion and menu cost in the book industry among the two types of retailers in electronic market. This thesis responds to this need by exploring how the Internet reduces the market friction common in physical commerce. Our objective is to address the question of online price and dispersion empirically and theoretically. We seek to determine whether the pricing policies of these two types of online retailers differ, possibly because of the different competitive environments in which each operates.Using data collected an 6 month period, we investigate our hypotheses using a data set of book prices for 70 titles sold by 6 retailers in electronic market. One common prediction is that the reduction in search costs on the Internet relative to the traditional market would cause both price and price dispersion to fall. We present evidence for the persistence of price dispersion in electronic market books. We show that prices do not converge to the “law of one price”. Price changes by both types of retailers do not change their price frequently despite the claim that menu cost might be negligible in electronic market. Our findings suggest the online markets are still inefficient and online price strategy is complex, offering opportunities for different types of retailers in electronic market to differentiate themselves from another
Kotto, Dominique Nicole. "Le Japon dans la concurrence triadique, tour à tour menace concurrentielle, paradigme et "pays malade" de la mondialisation." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131023.
Full textJullien, Céline. "Intensité de la concurrence schumpeterienne : efficacité dynamique et croissance endogène : une approche expérimentale de la propriété intellectuelle des innovations." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21036.
Full textQuast, Oliver. "Les fondements des modèles successifs d'organisation de l'industrie gazière : analyse des conditions d'introduction de la concurrence dans une industrie de réseau." Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE21027.
Full textThe dissertation analyses the organisational evolution of national gas industries, where a "competition model" succeeds a predecessor, the conventionally integrated industry model. A first theory relates various forms of vertical and horizontal integration with efficiency gains which can be gained from the gas supply chains stages' production properties. This theory has been amended with the apparition of the notion of contestable markets : free market entry can replace direct public regulation of natural monopolies. A second chain of thought referring to neo-institutional theory refers the choice between organisational models to the principle of minimisation of transaction costs. The combination of these two lines of thought deliver the foundations for a dynamic life cycle theory of organisation for network infrastructure industries. The arrival at industry maturity raises its market's contestability. A decrease of asset specificity indicates an orientation of industry organisation towards more competitive exchange structures. The dissertations second section aims at analysing optimal industry organisations in their respective phase of maturity. The case study of the german gas industry shows how the conventional model of organisation can be contested. The market entry strategy of basf-wintershall-gazprom shows that in a scarcely regulated and mature industry there are strong incentives to enter the market. The british experience gives an example of regulatory gas industry evolution. Successive organisational reforms caused the appearance of new types of transactions, and notably spot market exchanges. The example of the us gas industry is interpreted as exposing a "stabilised" model of industry organisation. Efficiency gains can be found in changing supply arrangements and in offering services associated with the industry's core activities. Risk and information management which is necessary to execute a variety of complementary transactions allows to decrease transaction costs. This result is mainly achieved by realising economies of speed through new information treatment and distribution technologies (it)
Bruno, Miguel Antonio Pinho. "Croissance économique, changements structurels et distribution : les transformations du régime d'accumulation au Brésil : une analyse régulationniste." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0130.
Full textThe Brazilian macroeconomic performance in the decades of 80 and 90 remained much below the historical average. Several explanations were proposed, most important being environment of high inflation, present until 1994, high external liability and the insufficiency of saving. They did not miss criticisms with the inefficiencies produced by the proper logic of the mode of development by substitution of imports. The principal objective of this analysis is to provide an alternative approach, by mobilizing the theoretical and methodological contributions of the French regulation theory, as a historical and institutional mocroeconomics. The thesis tries to show the characteristics of the modes of regulation and the regimes of accumulation which answer by the principal macroeconomic tendencies observed in the brazilian economy
Andriamizaka, Alain Lala. "Théorie de la concurrence en P. V. D. : de la réglementation à la régulation." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0023.
Full textBecause of their traditions and way of life, LDC's have a non-competitive vision of the economy. That is the origin (not the consequence) of their interventionist policies. So deregulation would not be relevant to stabilize the market processes there. In fact, there is an evolution of economic from "lateral" competition to "frontal" competition (crowding-out aims), and law has to be adapted to each step. But even so, stabilisation policies know many functional failures in LDC's
Blanc, François. "Les engagements dans le droit français des concentrations." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020059.
Full textAt first sight, the mergers’s control illustrates the modern role played by the State in the economy: the aim is not to organize the markets anymore, but to control from time to time one or several particular operators. The liberal State submit the companies’s merging processes to prior authorization, so as to make sure they do not negatively affect the competition. Nevertheless, in the silence of the law, everything goes as if the administration was using mergers as drivers of the markets’s reorganization. This process is evenmore subtil because it implies closely the companies themselves: everything depends on the commitments the companies offer to the administration, in order to prevent the non competitive effects of their project. These commitments are indeed undergoing a major legal change: once issued, they become a measure of economic restriction, embedded in the administration’s authorization. This process, that has been developed from the time of planned economy, suggests a certain permanency of the French law, despite the economic goals’s variation. Yet, these commitments constrain the parties about to merge: on the one hand regarding their actions towards other operators on the market, and on the other hand, regarding their relation with the administration : at the same time they direct the merger according to the stakeholders, and extend the administrative control. In short, when embedding the commitments in its act, the administration first changes the relations between the parties and the stakeholders, then follows up the relations’s execution. Thus, its intervention swifts ratione temporis, -from the merger in progress to the merger achieved, ratione personae, from the parties to the stakeholders’ operations, and ratione materia, from the merger to the market. Time has gone when the administration used to build the market directly ; now it uses to this end the companies that have to require her authorization
Ayoglu, Damla. "Les relations économiques entre la Turquie et la France (1945-2000) : un panorama de la concurrence française sur le marché turc." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010547.
Full textLecat, Rémy. "Four essays on productivity, competition and labour relations." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0070.
Full textThis thesis emphasises the role of individual firm data in explaining the dynamics of productivity through four chapters: 1) It contributes to the correct measurement of total factor productivity (TFP). In most estimates, TFP is procyclical, displaying increasing return to scale in the short run. Imperfect competition may be one explanation for this stylised fact. However, taking correctly into account factor utilisation, and in particular capital operating time, leads to estimating constant returns to scale. 2) Individual firm data allows to measure convergence of productivity among firms, which is an important component of productivity dynamics at the macroeconomic level, especially in France. A significant convergence is found, which however has slowed during the 2nd half of the 1990s : already highly-productive firms have benefitted the most from ICT and globalisation, while increasing competition fostered innovation in these firms. 3) The relationship between regulation, and more precisely barrieto entry, competition and productivity in the service sector is addressed. Indeed, regulation has a complex impact on productivity, which can run through different channels. Individual firm data allows isolating the impact of barriers to entry on competition, as reflected by mark-ups, and then of competition on productivity. 4) The role of labour relations has been emphasised mostly through case studies. Through an original firm-level survey, deteriorated labour relations are shown to have a negative impact on productivity, but only when they can rely on regulation. On the contrary, branch or firm agreements make it possible to overcome the constraints of regulation
Coupaud, Marine. "Mondialisation, conditions de travail et santé." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0139/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at exploring to what extent globalization, through its diversecomponents, impacts the health of European workers. In a first part, we expose the socio-economicconsequences of this multi-faceted phenomenon. In a second part, we show that internationalcompetition, one of the essential components of globalization, is a risk factor for non-skilledworkers. Nevertheless, individual and organizational factors are the most likely to explain mentaland physical disorders prevalence in the population as a whole. Globalization also implies newpractices linked to firms’ internationalization strategy, another component of globalization. Weunderline that workers must acquire the skills to stay attractive in a constantly changing worldand they do not find much support in their companies. In a third part, we show that globalizationenhances the surge of the service sector in industrialized countries. In addition, the leanmanagement is implemented in those sectors and competitive pressure increases. These changesimpact the way the work is performed. Within this context, the health of workers deterioratesbecause they are exposed to changing risk factors, among them: intense of work related tointerpersonal relationships. Finally, we find that the Corporate Social Responsibility comes as ananswer to improve workers’ health and as a consequence, firms’ social and financial performance
Cao, Xuan Dung. "Ouverture commerciale et inégalité de revenus : le cas du Vietnam." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010082.
Full textSoltmann, Wladimir. "Association de la norme technique à l'innovation. Étude de droit de la propriété intellectuelle et de droit de la concurrence." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30055.
Full textTechnical standards may sometimes be associated to innovations covered by proprietary rights. In this case, intellectual property appears to embody a quite disturbing component within the partnership between standardization and innovation. We are thus led to analyse the association economy ; it must be construed as of the creation and the use of the standard rather than to insist on its sole technical aspects. In order to avoid the corruption of the standard by over-restrictive IP rights, standard-setting-organizations require that only "essential" proprietary rights can be associated to a technical standard. Economical and technical criterias of the mutual adherence of the technical standard and the owned innovation – structuring their association – justify in the name of its "social utility", a mutual adaptation of their legal regimes. Therefore, the technical standard’s "social utility" requires an adaptation of the IP rights legal regime. Symmetrically, the essential innovation, included in the standard, requires its fitting to the technical standards legal regime. This results in the rise of two regimes naturally interpenetrated, and structurally interdependent. On the one hand, IP rights "essential" to the standard, can be considered as "essential facilities", justifying a systematic erosion of their spectrum. As part of competition rules implementation, this erosion results from an ex post approach as well as an ex ante approach conceptualized by FRAND terms. On the other hand, the association is also evaluated through the private property perspective. It appears that the technical standard should be considered as a "common", assuming a free access and a free use. It contributes to create a right of use of the owned innovations integrated in technical standard
Obambi-Itoua, Alphonse. "Système congolais de transport et intégration économique en Afrique Centrale." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9331.
Full textMansouri, Yassine. "La localisation des activités productives : les tensions entre forces centrifuges et forces centripètes." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326119.
Full textLu, Rong 1969. "Detecting race conditions in distributed concurrent systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33422.
Full textAn existing method is used to determine the race set for each receive event in the trace from a single execution. Race sets indicate the potential races in a system run that may happen. The execution of the program is deterministic if and only if all race sets of the program execution are empty. The method is detailed, implemented in Java and integrated in the TMT tool.
A trace comparison method is developed that determines whether races actually occurred during two particular executions of the same system. If the race set for a receive event in the first trace is equal to the race set of the matching receive event in the second trace, a race did not happen for this receive event, otherwise, a race happened. The method is also implemented in Java and integrated in the TMT tool.
The GUI of the developed prototype tool is presented and the tool is illustrated on an example.
Pan, Sophearith. "Le contrôle européen des aides d'État en faveur des ports maritimes de commerce." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0027.
Full textNational support measures granted to investments in infrastructure and the operation of seaports is a quasi-systematic under the control of the European Commission. However, the port sector is particular because of its contribution to satisfying the general interest. Contributing to safeguarding the security of supplies of Member States and ensuring the port facility security and safety, in return, they benefit from the national support measures. In this regard, this thesis inquires into the consideration of the EU State Aid Control of the dual economic and general interest missions carried by the seaports. Identifying an exhaustive inventory of ail Commission decisions and European case-law, this thesis analyzes the assessment of lawfulness of national support measures (existence of State aid and incompatible State aid) and the assessment of their compatibility with the internai market. Therefore, this thesis questions the impact of State aid control on the financial and institutional regime of seaports. This research study reveals that if the EU State Aid Control marginally takes into consideration the particularity of seaports (Part I), the fact remains that this control contributes to clarifying the legal regime applicable to ail ports activities and governs the organization of European seaports (Part II)
Serra, Diogo Santiago. "A proof system for lock-free concurrency." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9926.
Full textSoftware has become widespread, being used and relied upon on nearly every domain. Furthermore, as this globalization of software took place and multi-core architectures became the norm, several programs are now expected to run on a given device at the same time in a timely fashion. Attending this need, concurrent and distributed systems are a well known way of dealing with performance and scalability of computation. Although several such systems exist in the devices and services we depend on, it is frequent for those systems to be exploited or go wrong. Because most complex programs are built in modules and lack a formal specification of what they do, it is hard to prevent the emerging system from failing or being exploited. Therefore, one of the most sought after results by software industry is a way of reasoning about programs that prevents undesired behavior. Formal methods contribute to a rigorous specification, analysis, and verification of programs, having proven to be quite effective in this regard. Program logics,in particular, are able to verify validity of user-specified formulas and are the solution we propose to tackle this issue. Regarding concurrent programs, locks are a mechanism that make reasoning easier by serializing access to shared resources, taming concurrency. Since lock-free programs offer a better way of taking advantage of concurrency, we are especially interested in them. In this context, the LL/SC pair of primitives have proven to be more expressive than their widely used CAS counterpart. The goal of our work is then to develop a proof system capable of proving correctness of lock-free programs based on LL/SC primitives. In this dissertation we present a new program logic, based on those of concurrent separation logic and RGSep, which establishes a solid theoretical basis for reasoning about such programs.
Lormières, Laetitia. "Les prix bas en droit économique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10054/document.
Full textLow prices have caused much controversy. Although the need of regulation is actually not an issue in economic analysis of law, the freedom to practise competition based on prices is linked to the freedom of trade. Consequently, low prices appear to be lawful as a rule. Prohibiting to resell at a loss is quite exceptional since it requires from the law-maker to fix a minimum price. Linking the prohibition to the principle of non-discrimination has allowed to get round such a problem for a long time. Nevertheless, it regularly challenged the law-maker to associate the effectiveness of the penalty with the possibility for the retailers to really negociate the suppliers' sales conditions. Removing the principle of non-discrimination challenges the law-maker to link the effectiveness of the penalty with the freedom of contracts, since everything is deductible, everything must be easily justified and controlled
Rikabi, Mouaz. "Les droits de la propriété intellectuelle et l'intérêt général : approche en droit d’auteur et en droit des brevets." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0019.
Full textThe evolution of the industrial economy towards the economy of knowledge has propelled intellectual property to the forefront. Intellectual property has become integrated in all the domains of the modern life. As a result, it has become a necessity to protect it effectively through appropriate legal rules that encourage creators to continue to provide new creations. However, the specificity of the nature of the work protected by intellectual property requires the consideration of multiple conflicting interests. As such, the legislator has sought, in the name of the general interest, to create a fair internal balance between the main interests present within the system of intellectual property rights. Nevertheless, the exercise of the prerogatives granted by the intellectual property system, carried out by the owner of intellectual property, has caused an important expansion of the interests of this owner, to the detriment of other concurrent interests. This has consequently caused a break in the internal balance of the system, instigated by the legislator. Nonetheless, the general interest can play a key role in restoring balance through the application of external rules to the intellectual property regime. In this perspective, the judge can, by using his creative power of jurisprudence, use the general interest as a guideline to restore balance in the intellectual property system. The general interest justifies thus, as well as the intrinsic limits to intellectual property rights, the extrinsic limits to these rights
Qiao, Jun. "Diesel engine modelling under steady and transient conditions using a transputer-based concurrent computer." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27160.
Full textRomanowich, Paul John. "The effects of temporal context on preference in a multiple schedule with alternating concurrent-chains and simple concurrent schedule components." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3284115.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed January 9, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80).
Leiter, Amy Sue. "The Effects of Task Preference on Speech and Motor Performance Under Divided Attention Conditions." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2417.pdf.
Full textSmith, Travis Ray. "Conditional Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Review and Investigation of Terminal Link Stimulus Functions." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/916.
Full textCohen, Sarah E., Stephen R. Hooper, Karina Javalkar, Cara Haberman, Nicole Fenton, Hsiao Lai, John D. Mahan, et al. "Self-Management and Transition Readiness Assessment: Concurrent, Predictive and Discriminant Validation of the STARx Questionnaire." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5132.
Full textOuguenoune, Hind. "La politique de promotion et d'attraction de l'investissement en Algérie." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030033/document.
Full textThe attractiveness of the country is now an important component of economic policy; it is the center of political promotion, planning and development. With the globalization of the economy where cost reduction of transport and telecommunications annihilated distance, firms wishing to establish themselves abroad are upping the ante on their selection and choice of location , the country found in competition and make every effort not only to attract investment but also to retain them. And states become promoters of their own territories to attract multinational firms in the context of escalation as investment projects are limited and that the list of candidates to their home territories continues to grow. By the signing of the Association Agreement with the European Union and negotiations for its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO ), Algeria aims to liberalize its economy and its roots in the international economy. Involved in the liberalization of foreign direct investment (FDI). The interest of Algeria in both managerial benefits, economic and social impact on its economy. To do this, Algeria has provided a number of texts and laws governing foundations of its investment policy that guarantees and advantages to investors.It is around the elements of the problem mentioned above that will focus our research in attempting to answer the following key questions : What determines the choice of multinational firms in the location of their investment, in other words what are the ex ante determinants of FDI ? What are the main instruments of economic and financial policy or the means used by governments to encourage and attract foreign investment ? What are the effects of these policies on FDI flows ?What about Algeria and its policy of promoting investment ? What are the effects of this policy, including the legal framework set up on FDI in Algeria? This device is sufficient to attract foreign investors?In its transition from a centralized to a market economy triggered the end of the 1988 economy , the Algerian government has imposed a policy of structural reforms that helped restore macroeconomic balances , liberalization economy, its modern infrastructure and staffing reduction of country risk . These reforms have increased FDI flows to Algeria. However, these results remain below the investment potential of the country: Algeria does not attract enough foreign firms compared to neighboring countries. Although Algeria has recorded positive results in certain sectors such as hydrocarbons , telecommunications, steel and pharmacy reforms introduced since the 90s have proved insufficient . And policy promotion and attraction of FDI led has not achieved the desired objectives. Similarly, revenues from hydrocarbon exports have failed to create a competitive industrial structure and allow for productive investment to play a more important role in the economy. Most of the private productive effort is directed toward the speculative economy at the expense of a productive economy . FDI that the opening of the Algerian economy and its great potential would attract, remain weak. However, the legal framework set up in Algeria provides some benefits and guarantees to foreign investors
Chaudouet, Sibylle. "Le déséquilibre significatif." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD021/document.
Full textA vision and an overall coherence: these are the qualities that were missing from the notion of Ŗsignificant imbalanceŗ inscribed in three rules of the Consumer code, the Commercial code, and, most recently, the Civil code. These are also the objectives that this study proposes to achieve through a double approach. First, it proposes a unitary and sequenced method of qualifying the significant imbalance constructed from the two special rules, and, while being applicable to each of special rules, it can also be generalized beyond them in the general rule of common law. Secondly, it elaborates to form a solution principle intended to govern the articulation between the new rule of common law and one of the pre-existing consumer or competition law, consisting of a principle of non-cumulation and non-option which requires, more broadly, a redefinition of the scope of both
Davies-Laubscher, Nicola. "The role of the media in framing President Jacob Zumas multiple or concurrent sexual relationships as cultural polygamy." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86506.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many questions have been asked as to why sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly South Africa, has such a high incidence of HIV/AIDS. While social and economic power imbalances between the sexes, coupled by the biological vulnerability of women, play an important role in the rapid spread of South Africa’s HIV/AIDS epidemic, what truly seems to set South Africa apart from the rest of the world is the high incidence of multiple or concurrent sexual relationships. Multiple or concurrent sexual relationships are defined as sexual partnerships that overlap in time, when one partnership starts before another terminates. These types of relationships have the potential to create complex sexual networks – commonly referred to as a “sexual superhighway” – for the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, most notably HIV/AIDS. While the practice of multiple or concurrent sexual relationships is to a large extent under-reported by the South African media, a great deal of media attention is given to President Jacob Zuma’s practice of polygamy as a Zulu cultural tradition. The researcher proposes that Zuma’s intimate partnerships stray from the well-defined parameters of cultural polygamy and that he does, in fact, has multiple or concurrent sexual relationships that fall outside the boundaries of polygamy. The researcher further proposes that the example set by the President in his personal life has an effect on the general morality of the South African people and especially on women’s status in society.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Baie vrae is al gevra oor hoekom sub-Sahara Afrika, en spesifiek Suid-Afrika, so ʼn hoë voorkoms van MIV/Vigs het. ʼn Sosiale en ekonomiese magswanbalans tussen mans en vroue, tesame met die verhoogde biologiese kwesbaarheid van vroue vir seksueel-oordraagbare siektes, speel ʼn rol in die vinnige verspreiding van die MIV/Vigs epidemie in Suid-Afrika maar wat ons blykbaar onderskei van die res van die wêreld is die hoë voorkoms van veelvuldige of samelopende seksuele verhoudings. Veelvuldige of samelopende seksuele verhoudings word gedefinieer as verhoudings wat oorvleuel of waar een verhouding begin voordat ʼn vorige verhouding beëindig is. Hierdie tipe verhoudings het die potensiaal om komplekse seksuele netwerke te vorm – algemeen beskryf as “seksuele super-snelweë” – waarbinne seksueel-oordraagbare siektes, insluitende MIV/Vigs, vinnig kan versprei. Terwyl veelvuldige of samelopende seksuele verhoudings min aandag geniet in die Suid-Afrikaanse media, is daar wel ʼn fokus op President Jacob Zuma se uitlewing van sy Zulu-tradisie van poligamie. Die navorser stel egter voor dat Zuma se intieme verhoudings afwyk van die goedge-definieerde riglyne van kulturele poligamie en dat hy in werklikheid eerder veelvuldige of samelopende seksuele verhoudings het wat buite die reëls van poligamie val. Die navorser stel verder voor dat die voorbeeld wat die President in sy persoonlike lewe stel ʼn uitwerking het op die moraliteit van Suid-Afrikaners en veral op die status van vroue in die samelewing.
Péjout, Olivier. "La conditionnalité en droit des aides d'Etat." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0616/document.
Full textState aid law is a unique area of European Union (EU) law. Its objective makes it evenunique in the world and yet it remains partly unknown and its effects underestimated. Theeconomic and financial crisis, which began in 2007, has brought it back to the forefront. Inthis context, a tool has proved to be central in the management of events: conditionality. Thistechnique, which has long been ignored, has always had an unsuspected influence on themechanism of control over state support. On the one hand, it authorizes the Commission torequire substantial changes, both in the aid project and for the beneficiaries, in order toauthorize its implementation. On the other hand, conditionality allows the Commission to putforward a political agenda, indirectly, to service the deepening of the EU. Its impact is notlimited to the question of the compatibility of public funding. It is also expressed in the contextof the monitoring of conditional decisions, and possible judicial review. New techniquesbased on conditionality have emerged at all stages state aid control. Moreover, it plays aconsiderable role, upstream, in the process of creating state aid law and its soft law. Givenits scope, this study focused on measuring the extent of this phenomenon, defining itsconcepts, identifying its forms and evaluating its consequences. As a result, conditionality isat the origin of a new approach to state aid law
Frasson, Vanessa. "Les clauses de fin de contrat." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30062/document.
Full textEnd-Of-Contract clauses illustrate the significance of contractual freedom. Practice took hold of this “post-Contractual” period under the control of established precedents, in the relative disinterest of lawmakers.The types of contractual ends are diverse. The end may be delayed by means of prolongation of the contract. The end may come prematurely: it may come suddenly and definitively by means of a termination clause, the continuity of that which was by the arrival of the extinctive term, or the arrival of something new by means of a sunset clause. The end may only be a passage to another contract by means of renewal. This results in a lack of theoretical clarity that requires a legal structure. It may be proposed to divide the post-Contractual period into three parts. In the first part, parties satisfied with their relationship will seek to have it continue. The end-Of-Contract clauses thus serve the purpose of preserving the durability of the contractual bond between the parties. The second part involves the manner of termination the contract. Closing the contractual relationship has become an important matter that requires resorting to different legal mechanisms such as the forfeiture clause, the termination condition or the termination clause.The third part may be referred to as the period of liquidation of the contractual past including two series of clauses: those liquidating the contractual past (notably the clause of non-Competition and the clause of confidentiality) and those concerning the post-Contractual future. The end of the contract must be distinguished from the close of the contractual relationship designating the cessation of all post-Contractual obligations and their consequences. Thus, far from being secondary, these end-Of-Contract clauses affecting the post-Contractual period are fundamental for any ongoing business relationship
Péjout, Olivier. "La conditionnalité en droit des aides d'Etat." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2017. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247191758.
Full textState aid law is a unique area of European Union (EU) law. Its objective makes it evenunique in the world and yet it remains partly unknown and its effects underestimated. Theeconomic and financial crisis, which began in 2007, has brought it back to the forefront. Inthis context, a tool has proved to be central in the management of events: conditionality. Thistechnique, which has long been ignored, has always had an unsuspected influence on themechanism of control over state support. On the one hand, it authorizes the Commission torequire substantial changes, both in the aid project and for the beneficiaries, in order toauthorize its implementation. On the other hand, conditionality allows the Commission to putforward a political agenda, indirectly, to service the deepening of the EU. Its impact is notlimited to the question of the compatibility of public funding. It is also expressed in the contextof the monitoring of conditional decisions, and possible judicial review. New techniquesbased on conditionality have emerged at all stages state aid control. Moreover, it plays aconsiderable role, upstream, in the process of creating state aid law and its soft law. Givenits scope, this study focused on measuring the extent of this phenomenon, defining itsconcepts, identifying its forms and evaluating its consequences. As a result, conditionality isat the origin of a new approach to state aid law
Καραντάσης, Κωνσταντίνος. "Shared memory abstraction: new approach under high concurrency conditions." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/5257.
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Chauhan, Himanshu. "Necessary and sufficient conditions on partial orders for modeling concurrent computations." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26263.
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Chammah, Tarek. "Nested pessimistic transactions for both atomicity and synchronization in concurrent software." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6350.
Full textDrnevich, Maura A. "Feasibility of concurrent operation of an industrial wastewater treatment facility for wastewater treatment and polyhydroxyalkanoate production nutrient-limited conditions /." 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/46590492.html.
Full textTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-173).
Porter, Donald E. "Operating system transactions." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2488.
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Ferreira, Francisco Manuel Compadrinho Alves. "Integrative maintenance strategy." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28565.
Full textA globalização catapultou a competição entre empresas para um nível mundial, onde estas lutam pela sobrevivência quer com os seus concorrentes, quer entre diversas unidades de uma mesma empresa espalhada pelo planeta. Com cada vez mais opções à escolha, os clientes como dominantes nesta competição, exigem cada vez mais qualidade e rapidez às organizações que pretenderem liderar. A responsabilidade pelo alcance destes requisitos já não está apenas consignada à gestão da produção, sendo cada vez mais partilhada com a gestão da manutenção, dado o alargado impacto que esta função tem nos objectivos estratégicos das empresas tais como a produtividade, a qualidade, a segurança e a protecção ambiental. Inúmeras estratégias de manutenção, bem como considerações sobre as mesmas continuam a constituir um desafio para os gestores, estratégias essas que ainda não são de fácil compreensão, são de difícil implementação e que necessitam primeiramente da mudança de algumas linhas de pensamento ainda existentes. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de manutenção com foco numa abordagem proativa, como se requer, mas tendo como base estratégias bem conhecidas e amplamente implementadas como são o caso da manutenção correctiva e da manutenção preventiva regular. A partir do melhor das experiências destas duas abordagens, é construído um modelo de manutenção que integra os objetivos estratégicos de toda a empresa no planeamento das atividades desta função.
The globalization of business brought a world-wide scenario of competition, putting companies in a real fight for survival against their competitors which includes different company’s plants and the same organization’s plant as well. As customers are the dominant player with a wide range of options form their demands, quality and speed are the requirements for the winners. These demands are no longer exclusively manufacturing responsibility and are being shared with the maintenance management as this function’s activity has a wide impact in the major business strategic goals of productivity, quality, safety and environmental protection. Countless maintenance, strategies and considerations, are still challenging maintenance managers, most of those policies hard to understand, difficult to create the basic condition for implementation and mind-set changes needing. The present case study presents a maintenance model focusing on a proactive maintenance approach, having as basis the most wellknown and widely implemented maintenance strategies such as failure-based maintenance and usebased maintenance schemes. Starting from the best of these two approach’s experiences, an integrative maintenance model is built where all the strategic goals of company are taken into account for this function’s activity planning.