Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conditioned fear

Academic literature on the topic 'Conditioned fear'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Conditioned fear"

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Inoue, Takeshi, Yuji Kitaichi, and Tsukasa Koyama. "SSRIs and conditioned fear." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 35, no. 8 (December 2011): 1810–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.09.002.

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Homberg, Judith R. "Serotonergic Modulation of Conditioned Fear." Scientifica 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/821549.

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Conditioned fear plays a key role in anxiety disorders as well as depression and other neuropsychiatric conditions. Understanding how neuromodulators drive the associated learning and memory processes, including memory consolidation, retrieval/expression, and extinction (recall), is essential in the understanding of (individual differences in vulnerability to) these disorders and their treatment. The human and rodent studies I review here together reveal, amongst others, that acute selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment facilitates fear conditioning, reduces contextual fear, and increases cued fear, chronic SSRI treatment reduces both contextual and cued fear, 5-HT1Areceptors inhibit the acquisition and expression of contextual fear, 5-HT2Areceptors facilitates the consolidation of cued and contextual fear, inactivation of 5-HT2Creceptors facilitate the retrieval of cued fear memory, the 5-HT3receptor mediates contextual fear, genetically induced increases in serotonin levels are associated with increased fear conditioning, impaired cued fear extinction, or impaired extinction recall, and that genetically induced 5-HT depletion increases fear conditioning and contextual fear. Several explanations are presented to reconcile seemingly paradoxical relationships between serotonin levels and conditioned fear.
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Shalev, Arieh Y., Yael Rogel-Fuchs, and Roger K. Pitman. "Conditioned fear and psychological trauma." Biological Psychiatry 31, no. 9 (May 1992): 863–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(92)90113-e.

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Mulckhuyse, Manon, Geert Crombez, and Stefan Van der Stigchel. "Conditioned fear modulates visual selection." Emotion 13, no. 3 (2013): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031076.

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Wixted, John T. "Sleep aromatherapy curbs conditioned fear." Nature Neuroscience 16, no. 11 (October 28, 2013): 1510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.3556.

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Ho, Yiling, and Ottmar V. Lipp. "Faster acquisition of conditioned fear to fear-relevant than to nonfear-relevant conditional stimuli." Psychophysiology 51, no. 8 (April 14, 2014): 810–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12223.

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Sanchez, Christopher J., and Barbara A. Sorg. "Conditioned fear stimuli reinstate cocaine-induced conditioned place preference." Brain Research 908, no. 1 (July 2001): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02638-5.

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Yoshida, Masahide, Yuki Takayanagi, and Tatsushi Onaka. "The Medial Amygdala-Medullary PrRP-Synthesizing Neuron Pathway Mediates Neuroendocrine Responses to Contextual Conditioned Fear in Male Rodents." Endocrinology 155, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 2996–3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1411.

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Fear responses play evolutionarily beneficial roles, although excessive fear memory can induce inappropriate fear expression observed in posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and phobia. To understand the neural machineries that underlie these disorders, it is important to clarify the neural pathways of fear responses. Contextual conditioned fear induces freezing behavior and neuroendocrine responses. Considerable evidence indicates that the central amygdala plays an essential role in expression of freezing behavior after contextual conditioned fear. On the other hand, mechanisms of neuroendocrine responses remain to be clarified. The medial amygdala (MeA), which is activated after contextual conditioned fear, was lesioned bilaterally by infusion of N-methyl-d-aspartate after training of fear conditioning. Plasma oxytocin, ACTH, and prolactin concentrations were significantly increased after contextual conditioned fear in sham-lesioned rats. In MeA-lesioned rats, these neuroendocrine responses but not freezing behavior were significantly impaired compared with those in sham-lesioned rats. In contrast, the magnitudes of neuroendocrine responses after exposure to novel environmental stimuli were not significantly different in MeA-lesioned rats and sham-lesioned rats. Contextual conditioned fear activated prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP)-synthesizing neurons in the medulla oblongata. In MeA-lesioned rats, the percentage of PrRP-synthesizing neurons activated after contextual conditioned fear was significantly decreased. Furthermore, neuroendocrine responses after contextual conditioned fear disappeared in PrRP-deficient mice. Our findings suggest that the MeA-medullary PrRP-synthesizing neuron pathway plays an important role in neuroendocrine responses to contextual conditioned fear.
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Davis, Michael, David L. Walker, and Younglim Lee. "Amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis: differential roles in fear and anxiety measured with the acoustic startle reflex." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1362 (November 29, 1997): 1675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0149.

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Neural stimuli associated with traumatic events can readily become conditioned so as to reinstate the memory of the original trauma. These conditioned fear responses can last a lifetime and may be especially resistant to extinction. A large amount of data from many different laboratories indicate that the amygdala plays a crucial role in conditioned fear. The amygdala receives information from all sensory modalities and projects to a variety of hypothalamic and brainstem target areas known to be critically involved in specific signs that are used to define fear and anxiety. Electrical stimulation of the amygdala elicits a pattern of behaviours that mimic natural or conditioned states of fear. Lesions of the amygdala block innate or conditioned fear and local infusion of drugs into the amygdala have anxiolytic effects in several behavioural tests. Excitatory amino acid receptors in the amygdala are critical for the acquisition, expression and extinction of conditioned fear.
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Hodes, Robert L., Edwin W. Cook, and Peter J. Lang. "Individual Differences in Autonomic Response: Conditioned Association or Conditioned Fear?" Psychophysiology 22, no. 5 (September 1985): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01649.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conditioned fear"

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Kim, Jee Hyun Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Extinction of conditioned fear in the developing rat." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41106.

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The present thesis examined extinction of conditioned fear in the developing rat. In the adult rat, the hippocampus is thought to be important for the context-specificity of extinction. Because the hippocampus is a late-maturing structure, it was hypothesised that context-modulation of extinction may be different across development. The first series of experiments investigated reinstatement of extinguished fear in the developing rat (Chapter 2). The results showed that P24 rats exhibited context-specific reinstatement. On the other hand, P17 rats did not exhibit reinstatement of extinguished fear following a US reminder treatment. The failure to see reinstatement in P17 rats was not due to the reminder treatment being ineffective in these rats because the same treatment alleviated spontaneous forgetting in rat this age. The second series of experiments then examined the renewal effect and GABAergic involvement in extinction in P24 and P17 rats (Chapter 3). It was observed that P24 rats displayed renewal whereas P17 rats did not. Also, pre-test injection of FG7142 recovered extinguished fear in P24 rats but not in P17 rats, even across a range of doses. This failure to see any FG7142 effect on extinction in P17 rats was not due to the lack of responsiveness to this drug in these rats because FG7142 was found to be effective in alleviating spontaneous forgetting in rats this age. The third series of experiments then examined the effect of temporary inactivation of the amygdala on extinction and re-extinction in the developing rat (Chapter 4). It was observed that extinction retention is impaired in both P24 and P17 rats if the amygdala is inactivated during extinction training. Interestingly, when a CS that had been previously extinguished and then re-trained was re-extinguished, re-extinction was amygdala-independent if initial extinction occurred at 24 days of age but amygdala-dependent if initial extinction occurred at 17 days of age. That is, amygdala involvement in re-extinction was dissociated across development. Taken together, these experiments provide strong evidence for fundamental differences in mechanisms underlying fear extinction across development. The implications of the findings were discussed in light of the theoretical and neural models of extinction.
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Urcelay, Gonzalo Pablo. "Potentiation and overshadowing in Pavlovian fear conditioning." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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Ugland, Carina C. O. "Resistance to extinction in human fear learning, an ERP investigation of procedural and fear relevance effects on conditioned responding." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6960/.

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In human fear conditioning 'resistance to extinction' occurs when the removal of the aversive outcome fails to produce a reduction in conditioned responding. This phenomenon is important to understanding the persistence of anxiety disorders such as phobias. The research presented in this thesis examines factors that promote the acquisition and maintenance of learned fear response and attempts to differentiate between different explanations of the resistance to extinction phenomenon. To investigate the impact of different conditioning procedures (evaluative or classical conditioning) on the durability of the conditioned response (CR), event-related potential (ERP) methodology was employed. In addition, the role of the fear-relevance of the conditioned stimulus (CS), in supporting the acquisition and resistance to extinction of the CR, was explored. Evidence suggested that extinction effects are likely to reflect procedural differences in conditioning rather than different underlying learning processes. Extinction effects were dissociable across procedures, supporting the role of the type of unconditioned stimulus (US) in explaining past demonstrations of extinction when responses were indexed by physiological measures. Verbally transmitted, threat information heightened aversive US-expectancies and fear beliefs without the need for conditioning. Additionally, fear-beliefs were reduced without the need for extinction training when positive information was provided. Contrary to Davey's (1997) expectancy bias model, the results do not support the hypothesis that verbal information interacts with direct contingency experience to create fear responses; instead, information appears to be a direct pathway to fear. ERP measures for fear responses did not echo the effects of verbal information and contingency on fear-beliefs. However, the comparability of our ERP data, to other research using physiological measures of response, is discussed regarding the number of trials required to calculate the average ERP response. Due to averaging over a large number of trials the ERP measure may not be sensitive to fluctuations in response that may be dependent on information or contingency manipulations. In conclusion our data suggests the importance of verbal information as a pathway to fear and the role of cognitive factors in the prevention and treatment of fears.
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Griffin, William C. "Prenatal stress alters fear-conditioned behaviors and the response to serotonergic drugs." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2171.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 150 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-150).
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Tarpley, Jason William. "Molecules, neuronal firing, and circuits for the learning and expression of conditioned fear." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679374151&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Diggs, Herman Augustus. "EFFECTS OF ACUTE THC ADMINISTRATION ON EXTINCTION OF CONDITIONED FEAR RESPONSES IN HUMANS." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/305.

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Skin conductance responses were used to assess the effects of THC on conditioned fear response amplitude and extinction using a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm that paired an aversive unconditioned stimulus (shock) with a conditioned stimulus (angry face). Participants (N = 10 males) exhibited conditioning to the CS+, as indicated by a larger CR to the CS+ than to the CS-. THC did not have a significant effect on extinction of the CR across trials, but there was a significant interaction of social anxiety with drug that suggests that THC may facilitate extinction of CR to fear-conditioned stimuli in more socially anxious individuals. These results provide support for the hypothesis that THC may act as an anxiolytic in fear-eliciting situations. The current study was limited by a small sample size and a potential confound that may have influenced the SCL during conditioned responding.
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Holahan, Matthew R. "Memory modulation produced by post-training exposure to an aversive conditioned stimulus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64370.pdf.

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Diggs, Herman Augustus. "EFFECTS OF ACUTE THC ADMINISTRATION ON EXTINCTION OF CONDITIONED FEAR RESPONSES IN HUMANS: A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF HIGH DENSITY EEG." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/947.

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High density electroencephalographic (EEG) measures were used to assess the effects of acute delta 9-tetrahyrdrocannabidol (THC) administration on extinction of conditioned fear responses. Fear conditioning was initiated using a differential classical conditioning paradigm that paired an aversive unconditioned stimulus (shock) with a signaling stimulus (CS+), whereas another stimulus served as a safety signal (CS-). Evoked potentials, induced event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP), and associated intertrial coherence (ITC) measures were used to quantify the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear responses. Participants (N = 10 males) exhibited conditioning to the CS+ across fear acquisition training, as reflected by greater late positive (posterior sites) and late negative (anterior sites) potential amplitude to the CS+ relative to the CS-. Acute administration of THC facilitated extinction of the conditioned response to the CS+ relative to placebo, as reflected by greater LPP and LNP amplitude to the CS+ relative to the CS- in the placebo, but not THC condition. ERSP analyses suggest the lack of difference between CS+ and CS- ERP amplitude may be partially explained by a shifting of attention from external stimuli to internal processing in the THC condition. However, relative to placebo, THC administration also increased the amplitude of some measures of the conditioned response (LNP) to the CS-, suggesting a generalization of fear or lack of discrimination in this condition.
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Barnett, Scott Thomas Charles. "Glutamate receptors in the ventral tegmental area : a potential mechanism involved in long term potentiation : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Science in Psychology at the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1358.

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In the present study, footshock, which produces a powerful aversive emotional response was used in a Pavlovian conditioning experiment as an unconditioned stimulis (UCS), and was paired with the presentation of a light used as a conditioned stimulis (CS). There is an accumulation of evidence that supports the assertion that dopaminergic (DA) neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are active in processes that contribute to the amygdala-based circuitry involved in regulating emotionally salient responses. To build upon findings implicating VTA DA, excitatory glutamate (Glu), NMDA and AMPA receptors, were examined with respect to their role in Pavlovian conditioned fear responding. Fear potentiated startle (FPS) was used to assess the effects of intra-VTA infused AP5, and intra-VTA infused CNQX on conditioned fear responding in laboratory rats. The administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 (at 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0ug doses), blocked the ability of a conditioned stimulus (CS) previously paired with footshock to become conditioned to the UCS. Similarly, administration of the AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX (at 1.0, 2.5, 5.0ug doses), inhibited the ability of the CS to become conditioned to the UCS. The results of this study indicate the VTA is an important site for synaptic modifications associated with fear learning, and that activation of excitatory Glutamatergic receptors in the VTA play a necessary part of the processing underlying fear conditioning. Measures of shock reactivity demonstrated that the infusion of AP5 and CNQX into the VTA did not inhibit baseline startle amplitudes. The administration of AP5 and CNQX did not suppress the perception of footshock as an aversive stimulus. This study provides further definition to established knowledge surrounding the neural processes whereby neutral environmental cues gain negative emotional salience as occurs in fear conditioning. It was hypothesised that the action of excitatory glutamatergic transmission within the VTA acts on NMDA and AMPA receptors is to assist in the acquisition of Pavlovian conditioned fear, possibly through the same synaptic mechanisms that govern LTP.
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Masugi, Miwako. "Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 7 Ablation Causes Deficit in Fear Response and Conditioned Taste Aversion." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181694.

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Books on the topic "Conditioned fear"

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Anderson, Ian G. Effects of instructions on electrodermal conditioned responses to "fear relevant" and "fear irrelevant" facial expressions: The relevance of preparedness to social phobias. [Guildford]: [University of Surrey], 1987.

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Fear. Delhi, India: Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, 2010.

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Indonesia: Archipelago of fear. London: Pluto Press, 2012.

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Rector, Justine J. In fear of African-American men: The four fears of white men. Merion Station, PA: The Author, 1998.

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Yusuf, Hamza. Agenda to change our condition. Berkeley, Calif: Zaytuna Institute, 2008.

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A brighter fear. London: HarperCollins Children's, 2012.

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Without fear: A journalist's diary. Bhopal: Amarshree Printing Press, 2001.

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City of fear. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2007.

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Freedom from fear. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

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Magubane, Peter. Soweto: The fruit of fear. Grand Rapids, Mich: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conditioned fear"

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Hoyer, Daniel, Eric P. Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, Nicola Simola, et al. "Conditioned Fear." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 331. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_1618.

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McGuire, Jennifer L., Jennifer L. Coyner, and Luke R. Johnson. "Rodent Models of Conditioned Fear: Behavioral Measures of Fear and Memory." In Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology, 187–202. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-095-3_11.

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Davis, Michael, William A. Falls, and Jonathan Gewirtz. "Neural Systems Involved in Fear Inhibition: Extinction and Conditioned Inhibition." In Contemporary Issues in Modeling Psychopathology, 113–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4860-4_8.

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Hayes, R. L., C. M. Pechura, J. T. Povlishock, and D. P. Becker. "Changes in Blood-Brain Barrier Function Associated with Conditioned Fear in Rats." In Brain Edema, 224–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70696-7_32.

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Kraus, Michaela M., and Athineos Philippu. "Involvement of Neurotransmitters in Mnemonic Processes, Response to Noxious Stimuli and Conditioned Fear: A Push–Pull Superfusion Study." In Neuromethods, 237–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6490-1_11.

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Risbrough, Victoria B., Daniel E. Glenn, and Dewleen G. Baker. "On the Road to Translation for PTSD Treatment: Theoretical and Practical Considerations of the Use of Human Models of Conditioned Fear for Drug Development." In Translational Neuropsychopharmacology, 173–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2015_5010.

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Furukawa, Hiroshi, and Zhihuan Liu. "A Qualitative Model to Estimate Users’ Fear of Environmental Conditions for Evacuation Route Guidance." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration, 473–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73888-8_74.

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Sweijs, Tim, and Samuel Zilincik. "The Essence of Cross-Domain Deterrence." In NL ARMS, 129–58. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_8.

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AbstractBoth deterrence theory and deterrence practice are evolving to address contemporary strategic challenges. In the military domain, states progressively integrate and synchronise military operations. Outside of it, they exploit grey zone strategies that combine different instruments of influence across multiple domains. These developments are now giving birth to a new wave of thinking about cross domain deterrence (CDD), what it precisely entails, and what favouring conditions are necessary for it to be effective. This chapter situates CDD in the context of today’s challenges, and identifies the prerequisites for these favouring conditions based on a review of a rather diverse body of literature. It finds that one strand of that literature predominantly focuses on practical and technical prerequisites in order for CDD to be effective, leaving the framework of traditional deterrence theory intact. It also finds a second strand that holds that the nature of today’s challenges requires more than mere innovation in application. The ideas about deterrence proposed by this second strand are expanding on common understandings of deterrence to the extent that deterrence is no longer only about fear nor about convincing opponents to refrain from certain behaviour. The conclusion summarises the findings and elaborates their implications for theory and practice.
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"Conditioned Fear." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 417. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36172-2_200730.

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Monfils, M. H., D. E. A. Bush, and J. E. LeDoux. "Neural Substrates of Conditioned Fear and Anxiety." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, 362–68. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-045396-5.00093-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conditioned fear"

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"Effect of Conditioned Stimulus Generalization on Regression of Fear Memory Fading." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Environment, Biology, Medicine and Computer Applications. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icebmca.2017.05.

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Li, Guoshi, Stacy Cheng, Frank Ko, Scott L. Raunch, Gregory Quirk, and Satish S. Nair. "Computational Modeling of Lateral Amygdala Neurons During Acquisition and Extinction of Conditioned Fear, Using Hebbian Learning." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15078.

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The amygdaloid complex located within the medial temporal lobe plays an important role in the acquisition and expression of learned fear associations (Quirk et al. 2003) and contains three main components: the lateral nucleus (LA), the basal nucleus (BLA), and the central nucleus (CE) (Faber and Sah, 2002). The lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is widely accepted to be a key site of plastic synaptic events that contributes to fear learning (Pare, Quirk, LeDoux, 2004). There are two main types of neurons within the LA and the BLA: principal pyramidal-like cells which form projection neurons and are glutamatergic and local circuit GABAergic interneurons (Faber and Sah, 2002). In auditory fear conditioning, convergence of tone [conditioned stimulus (CS)] and foot-shock [unconditioned stimulus (US)] inputs potentiates the synaptic transmission containing CS information from the thalamus and cortex to LA, which leads to larger responses in LA in the presentation of subsequent tones only. The increasing LA responses disinhibit the CE neurons via the intercalated (ITC) cells, eliciting fear responses via excessive projections to brain stem and hypothalamic sites (Pare, Quirk, LeDoux, 2004). As a result, rats learn to freeze to a tone that predicts a foot-shock. Once acquired, conditioned fear associations are not always expressed and repeated presentation of the tone CS in the absence of US causes conditioned fear responses to rapidly diminish, a phenomenon termed fear extinction (Quirk et al. 2003). Extinction does not erase the CS-US association, instead it forms a new memory that inhibits conditioned response (Quirk et al. 2003)
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Li, Guoshi, Gregory J. Quirk, and Satish S. Nair. "Modeling Acquisition and Extinction of Conditioned Fear in LA Neurons using Learning Algorithm." In 2007 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2007.4283135.

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Pendyam, Sandeep, Dongbeom Kim, Gregory J. Quirk, and Satish S. Nair. "Acquisition of Fear and Extinction in Lateral Amygdala: A Modeling Study." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4218.

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The lateral nucleus of amygdala (LA) is known to be a critical storage site for conditioned fear memory. Synaptic plasticity at auditory inputs to the dorsal LA (LAd) is critical for the formation and storage of auditory fear memories. Recent evidence suggests that two different cell populations (transient- and long-term plastic cells) are present in LAd and are responsible for fear learning. However, the mechanisms involved in the formation and storage of fear are not well understood. As an extension of previous work, a biologically realistic computational model of the LAd circuitry is developed to investigate these mechanisms. The network model consists of 52 LA pyramidal neurons and 13 interneurons. Auditory and somatosensory information reaches LA from both thalamic and cortical inputs. The model replicated the tone responses observed in the two LAd cell populations during conditioning and extinction. The model provides insights into the role of thalamic and cortical inputs in fear memory formation and storage.
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Abdiahatova, Kseniya Ortikzhonovna. "Pedagogical conditions of overcoming fear of preschoolers." In IX International students' applied research conference, Chair Olga Yurevna Bagadaeva. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-80686.

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Jenicek, Tomas, and Ondrej Chum. "No Fear of the Dark: Image Retrieval Under Varying Illumination Conditions." In 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2019.00979.

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"The effect of cannabinoid receptors on extinction memory in fear conditional model in rat." In International Conference on Medicine, Public Health and Biological Sciences. CASRP Publishing Company, Ltd. Uk, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/mphbs.2016.54.

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Zaeni, Ilham A. E., and Mahfud Jiono. "Detection of Fear of Falls using PPG with Video Stimulation of the Fall Condition." In 2019 International Biomedical Instrumentation and Technology Conference (IBITeC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ibitec46597.2019.9091708.

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Hayasaka, Y., and M. Sekihara. "Method to Evaluate Service Boundary Conditions for Gas Turbine Stator Structure by Using Inverse Analysis." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45341.

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The service conditions and structures of gas turbines are so complex that it is very difficult to determine boundary conditions for thermal-mechanical analyses of these turbines. To improve the accuracy of the analyses, an analytical method for estimating the service boundary conditions for the whole gas turbine stator has been developed. This method consists of FEAs (finite element analyses), a DOE (design of experiments), and measured metal temperatures in an actual gas turbine. The FEAs, with varied boundary conditions, are analyzed using an orthogonal array. In each analysis, the differences between results of an FEA and the measured results are estimated. The model is modified to reduce the difference by using analyses of variance. The method was applied to a 150kW micro gas turbine stator and the good agreement between the analysis results and the measured data confirmed the validity of the method. The modified model is applied to the clearance setting and life assessment of the gas turbine.
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Wang, Shuqin, Jiaping Zhang, Jim Malachowski, Jubair Hossain, and James Colling. "FEA Analysis of Subsea Mooring Suction Anchor Under Operation Condition." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42410.

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The analysis of a mooring suction anchor involves both geotechnical and structural engineering. The design starts with the geotechnical analysis of a mooring suction anchor where the design loads are used to determine the size of the mooring suction anchor. Typically, a conservative estimate would be made for the soil strength and analysis would involve several layers of soil with different properties. The mooring suction anchor is then designed using the relevant soil parameters for various limit states under the combined vertical, lateral, torsional, and moment loading. Soil pressures or reactions acting on a rigid steel mooring suction anchor for each limit state are calculated. The calculation results are then provided to structural engineers to perform strength analysis to verify the integrity of the anchor. Therefore, it is important to understand how the soil reactions interact with the suction anchor in the structural model. The current analysis used the soil reaction data developed for an in-place loading condition for a mooring suction anchor. The structure of the mooring suction anchor was modelled using a 3D finite element method. Two studies were performed. The first study performed the regular mapping of the soil pressure to the suction anchor. The second study assumed that all the loads would be applied on the mooring padeye and the bottom of the suction would be fixed. It was presumed that the second study would yield a conservative result. However, the analysis results showed that the second study did not provide a conservative result. Therefore, it is recommended that the care should be taken when making such assumptions in future studies.
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Reports on the topic "Conditioned fear"

1

Norrholm, Seth D. Conditioned Fear Extinction and Generalization in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555145.

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2

Norrholm, Seth D., Erica Duncan, Kerry Ressler, and Joseph Cubells. Conditioned Fear Extinction and Generalization in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579112.

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3

Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability: Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.

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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.
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4

Water-level conditions in the upper Cape Fear Aquifer, 1994-98, in parts of Bladen and Robeson counties, North Carolina. US Geological Survey, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri994127.

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5

Water-level conditions in the upper Cape Fear aquifer, 1992-94, in parts of Bladen and Robeson counties, North Carolina. US Geological Survey, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri954129.

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6

Water-level conditions in the Black Creek and upper Cape Fear aquifers, 1992, in parts of Bladen and Robeson counties, North Carolina. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri944016.

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