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Anderson, Stephanie. "Working with dyslexic children." Children and Young People Now 2014, no. 10 (May 13, 2014): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2014.10.34.
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Montgomery, James W. "Verbal Working Memory and Sentence Comprehension in Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 2 (April 2000): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4302.293.
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In this study we examined the influence of verbal working memory on sentence comprehension in children with SLI. Twelve children with SLI, 12 normally developing children matched for age (CA), and 12 children matched for receptive vocabulary (VM) completed two tasks. In the verbal working memory task, children recalled as many real words as possible under three processing load conditions (i.e., no-load condition; single-load condition, where words were recalled according to physical size of word referents; and dual-load condition, where words were recalled by semantic category and physical size of word referents). In the sentence comprehension task, children listened to linguistically nonredundant (shorter) and linguistically redundant (longer) sentences. Results of the memory task showed that the children with SLI recalled fewer words in the dual-load condition than their CA peers, who showed no condition effect. The SLI and VM groups performed similarly overall, but both groups showed poorer recall in the dual-load condition than in the other conditions. On the sentence comprehension task, children with SLI comprehended fewer sentences of both types than the CA children and fewer redundant sentences relative to themselves and to the VM children. Results were interpreted to suggest that children with SLI (a) have less functional verbal working memory capacity (i.e., ability to coordinate both storage and processing functions) than their CA peers and (b) have greater difficulty managing both their working memory abilities and general processing resources than both age peers and younger children when performing a "complex" off-line sentence processing task.
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de Vreeze-Westgeest, Mirjam G. J., and Bart Vogelaar. "Cognitive Training in the Domain of Mathematics for Potentially Gifted Children in Primary School." Education Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12020127.
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This study examined auditive and visual working memory and metacognitive knowledge in 92 gifted children (aged between eight and twelve), utilising a pre-test-training-post-test design, known as the cognitive training design. This approach was used to examine the working memory and metacognitive knowledge of gifted children concerning the progression after a cognitive training programme in arithmetical problem solving, taking into account the role of intelligence. Children were allocated to one of two experimental conditions: children received training after the pre-test (cognitive training condition) or were provided with training after the post-test (control condition). The results show that all children made significant improvements in working memory and metacognition. Intelligence significantly predicted verbal and visual working memory. However, we did not find a meaningful relationship between intelligence and metacognitive knowledge. The cognitive training in arithmetical problem solving seems to bring additional measurable changes in metacognitive knowledge, but not in working memory.
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Raffin, Cinzia. "A multidisciplinary approach to working with autistic children." Educational and Child Psychology 18, no. 2 (2001): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2001.18.2.15.
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AbstractSeparate disciplines in isolation are unlikely to succeed with the complex condition known as autism: each discipline can provide only a partial answer to the many questions this condition raises. This paper will try and draw on the disciplines involved in treating autism, as well as analysing how they interact synchronically and diachronically. A new multidisciplinary epistemology is needed to develop a shared project to work for children with autism. It defines common goals and a common language based on knowledge and sharing of state of the art, on technical contents and methodologies, on procedures and on ethical principles. All this must be a consistent approach throughout the various settings and stages of the autistic child’s life.
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MONTGOMERY, JAMES W. "Relation of working memory to off-line and real-time sentence processing in children with specific language impairment." Applied Psycholinguistics 21, no. 1 (March 2000): 117–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400001065.
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In this study we examined the influence of working memory on the off-line and real-time sentence comprehension/processing of children with specific language impairment (SLI). A total of 12 children with SLI, 12 normally developing children matched for chronological age (CA), and 12 children matched for receptive syntax (RS) completed three tasks. In the working memory task, children recalled as many words as possible under three processing load conditions varying in the number of mental operations (i.e., no load, single load, dual load). In the off-line comprehension task, children listened to linguistically nonredundant and redundant sentences. In the real-time sentence processing task, children monitored sentences for the occurrence of a target word appearing at the beginning, middle, or end of a test sentence and pushed a response pad as quickly as possible upon hearing the target. In the memory task, SLI children recalled fewer words in the dual-load condition relative to CA peers, who showed no condition effect. The SLI and RS groups performed similarly overall; however, both groups recalled fewer words in the dual-load condition than in the other conditions. In the off-line task, the SLI group comprehended fewer sentences of both types relative to the CA controls and fewer redundant sentences relative to themselves and to the RS controls. A significant correlation between working memory and sentence comprehension was found for the SLI group and control groups. For the on-line task, between-group analyses revealed that the SLI group yielded an overall slower word recognition reaction time than the CA and RS groups. Working memory and sentence processing were not correlated for any group. Results were interpreted to suggest that SLI children have a more limited functional working memory capacity than their CA peers. Children with SLI also appear to have greater difficulty managing their working memory resources relative to both age peers and younger children when performing a conventional off-line sentence comprehension task but not a real-time sentence processing task.
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J, Romano Morris, Lazar M, and Henry J. "A-160 Understanding the Validity of the Digit Span Sequencing Task: A Least Executive Demand Model." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.160.
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Abstract Objective This study aimed to explore the patterns of Longest Digit Span from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V), including understanding the newest sequencing condition. While there is a large body of research discriminating the cognitive demands of the forward and backward conditions, there is less literature devoted to the cognitive underpinnings of the sequencing task, and no studies looking at the applicability of this task with children. Patterns observed clinically on these conditions have suggested that the sequencing condition may involve less executive demand than the backwards condition (Least Executive Demand model). Therefore, it was predicted that Longest Digit Span Backwards (LDSB) would predict the most amount of variance in Working Memory scores on the Comprehensive Executive Functioning Inventory (CEFI). Method Hierarchal multiple regression analysis controlling for FSIQ was completed utilizing an archival database (n = 38) of children and adolescences (ages 6–15) referred to a university-based neuropsychological assessment clinic. Results Longest digit span scores were not significant predictors of Working Memory scores on the CEFI [F (4, 27) =1.746, p = .169]. However, digit span capacity was weakly predictive of CEFI Attention scores [F (4, 27) = 2.818, p < .05; R2 = .295]; with sequencing capacity as the only significant predictor (beta = .62, p < .05). Conclusions While there was no evidence that working memory capacity predicts real world working memory skills, there was evidence that digit sequencing capacity is predictive of parent reported attentional difficulties. Poor performance on DSS in children may be due to difficulties concentrating, sustaining attention or with avoiding distractions.
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Wijayanto, Arif, Khikmah Novitasari, and Adin Ariyanti Dewi. "Problems in Working Mothers in Early Children's Care." Edukasi 16, no. 2 (November 2, 2022): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edukasi.v16i2.41563.
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A mother is seen as the main actor in taking care of children and household chores. Currently there has been a shift in values that provide opportunities for women to enter the world of work. These conditions can potentially cause problems in parenting for working mothers. This study aims to explore the problems in parenting experienced by working mothers. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological method to find out what problems working mothers experience in raising children. The participants in this study were eight working mothers (work as lecturers) aged 20-40 years, have toddler and lived with their husbands and children in one house. The motivation of mothers who continue to work even though they are caring for children include: economic factors, hobbies, and self-development. These conditions contain benefits and risks that must be faced by working mothers. From the results of research and discussion, it can be seen that the biggest problems in caring for working mothers are: 1) Time management, working mothers experience challenges such as managing time, having difficulty fulfilling their responsibilities as a mother, and managing workplace issues. The average informant works as a lecturer for at least 8 hours per day in the office and returns to do additional assignments at home for which there is no definite time limit. Mothers also still have duties to serve the family at home including caring for children and resting. This division of time is considered difficult by working mothers. 2) Managing emotions, fatigue from serving work and family makes the mood unstable. If support from the environment is minimal, this can trigger stress and burnout in working mothers. This condition can cause excessive anger, sadness and anxiety. 3) Health problems, connected from the problem of managing emotions, health problems can also arise when the mother is too tired and lacks rest. some of the health problems that often occur in working mothers: dizziness, fever, pain in the bones, stomach ulcers, stress and depression. 4) Family conflicts,the busyness of the mother outside the home makes the mother's duties at home not carried out perfectly. the need for support from people around so that conflicts in the family do not occur. Conflicts that can occur include: misunderstandings, ambiguity in the duties of family members, and attachment problems between mother and childrens.
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Summers, Connie, Vannesa Smith, Vannesa Mueller, Victoria Alexander, and Amelie Muzza. "Language of Intervention in Bilingual Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 1 (January 2017): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig1.203.
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Selecting the appropriate language of intervention for bilingual children with language impairment is difficult, especially for bilingual children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as their families are often encouraged by professionals to select one language only for communication. The limited evidence supports the use of bilingual language interventions when working with bilingual children with ASD. The current study sought to expand this limited work by presenting preliminary data of the effects of a bilingual and monolingual treatment condition on the language skills of two bilingual children with ASD (ages 3 and 5) using an alternating treatment, single-subject design. The two treatment conditions, a monolingual English condition and a bilingual English/Spanish condition, were alternated across 14 treatment sessions. Both participants improved in each condition. The treatment conditions were highly effective for one participant and minimally effective for the other participant. Within each participant, effect sizes were similar across the two treatment conditions. There were differences in the maintenance patterns of the two participants. These results support the available evidence that bilingual treatments do not have negative effects on bilingual children with ASD.
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Di Stadio, Arianna, Laura Dipietro, Roberta Toffano, Francesca Burgio, Antonietta De Lucia, Valentina Ippolito, Sabina Garofalo, et al. "Working Memory Function in Children with Single Side Deafness Using a Bone-Anchored Hearing Implant: A Case-Control Study." Audiology and Neurotology 23, no. 4 (2018): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493722.
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The importance of a good hearing function to preserve memory and cognitive abilities has been shown in the adult population, but studies on the pediatric population are currently lacking. This study aims at evaluating the effects of a bone-anchored hearing implant (BAHI) on speech perception, speech processing, and memory abilities in children with single side deafness (SSD). We enrolled n = 25 children with SSD and assessed them prior to BAHI implantation, and at 1-month and 3-month follow-ups after BAHI implantation using tests of perception in silence and perception in phonemic confusion, dictation in silence and noise, and working memory and short-term memory function in conditions of silence and noise. We also enrolled and evaluated n = 15 children with normal hearing. We found a statistically significant difference in performance between healthy children and children with SSD before BAHI implantation in the scores of all tests. After 3 months from BAHI implantation, the performance of children with SSD was comparable to that of healthy subjects as assessed by tests of speech perception, working memory, and short-term memory function in silence condition, while differences persisted in the scores of the dictation test (both in silence and noise conditions) and of the working memory function test in noise condition. Our data suggest that in children with SSD BAHI improves speech perception and memory. Speech rehabilitation may be necessary to further improve speech processing.
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Kudaibergenov, N. "Complex Assessment of Medical and Social Risk Factors and Their Effect on the Health Condition of Children Working at Industrial Waste Landfills." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/41/15.
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The comprehensive assessment of medical and social risk factors and their impact on the health of children working at industrial waste landfills of the Kyrgyz Chemical Metallurgical Plant has presented. Various industrial and environmental factors were covered. To identify signs of environmental pollution by radioactive substances of natural and artificial origin the average values of gamma-radiation power levels have been examined. The hygienic, sociological, medical and statistical research methods are used. During the study, the social-hygienic and living conditions of life and work of children were studied. The selection of respondents conducted by random sampling. The health condition of children living in the region but not working at industrial waste landfills has studied to compare the data of a control group. An assessment of the physical and biological development of children in the experimental and control groups was carried out by measuring somatometric indicators (length and body weight, head circumference), as well as indicators of dynamometry and their external respiration function. The intensive morbidity rates of children have been studied. The article analyzes the impact of medical and social risk factors that adversely affect the health conditions of working children. It describes the various factors of the working environment and the labor process, which form the occupational risk of morbidity. An important part of the study was to assess the situation and identify possible causes that force families to involve children to work at industrial waste landfills.
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Chen, I.-Chen, Hsun-Yu Chan, Keh-Chung Lin, Yu-Ting Huang, Pei-Luen Tsai, and Yen-Ming Huang. "Listening to White Noise Improved Verbal Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 7283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127283.
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Existing research demonstrates that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) underperform in cognitive tasks involving working memory (WM) due to hypo-arousal, which has led to the development of arousal regulation models to determine proper levels of arousal and optimal cognitive outcomes. The present study focuses on investigating the effects of external auditory stimuli on verbal WM in children with ADHD. Thirteen children with ADHD (aged 6–10 years old) and thirteen age- and gender-matched children with typical development (TD) completed the verbal WM task when listening to no sound, white noise, or pleasant music. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the verbal WM performance between groups in the three auditory conditions. Children with ADHD showed the best verbal WM performance when listening to white noise and the worst performance when listening to no sound. Yet, children with TD performed the best in the no-sound condition and the worst in the white noise condition. Our findings suggest auditory white noise is beneficial for ideal arousal regulation and cognitive performance involving verbal WM for children with ADHD and support the moderate brain arousal model. Providing external white noise is a non-invasive and cost-effective approach to improving verbal WM in children with ADHD in real-world contexts.
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Harrell, Waverly, Ling Zou, Zoe Englander, Stephen R. Hooper, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Allen Song, and Vandana Shashi. "Frontal Hypoactivation During a Working Memory Task in Children With 22q11 Deletion Syndrome." Journal of Child Neurology 32, no. 1 (October 4, 2016): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073816670813.
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Impairments in executive function, such as working memory, are almost universal in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Delineating the neural underpinnings of these functions would enhance understanding of these impairments. In this study, children and adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome were compared with healthy control participants in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of working memory. When the 2-back condition was contrasted with the 1-back and 0-back conditions, the participants with 22q11 deletion syndrome showed lower activation in several brain areas involved in working memory—notably dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and precuneus. This hypoactivation may be due to reduced gray matter volumes or white matter connectivity in the frontal and parietal regions, differences that have previously been documented in children with 22q11 deletion syndrome. Understanding differences in brain function will provide a foundation for future interventions to address the wide range of neurodevelopmental deficits observed in 22q11 deletion syndrome.
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Grieco-Calub, Tina M., Katherine R. Gordon, Stephanie L. Lowry, and Diana M. Cortez. "Effects of two-talker child speech on novel word learning in preschool-age children." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011000.
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Preschool-age children’s recognition of speech is more susceptible to the presence of background noise than that of older children. Because younger children rely on access to speech to learn their native language, children who are poorer at resolving degraded speech may be at risk for delayed vocabulary development. To test this relation directly, we are implementing a retrieval-based word learning task in preschool-age children. Children are taught four novel disyllabic words either in a quiet condition or in the presence of two-talker child speech (TTS) at + 10 dB-signal-to-noise ratio. Children’s performance is quantified by the number of words and the number of phonological features recalled immediately after training and after a 5-min delay. Children also complete tests of familiar word recognition in TTS, verbal working memory, and vocabulary knowledge. In this presentation, we will compare children’s word-learning outcomes between the quiet and TTS conditions and evaluate the influence of children language skills on their performance. We predict that children will have greater phonological precision of the novel words in quiet than in the presence of TTS. We also predict that children’s verbal working memory skills and vocabulary knowledge will relate to greater learning, regardless of listening condition.
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S, Kiselev. "A-043 Preschool Children with Attention Deficit Have Weakness in Reproducing the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure in Delayed Recall Condition." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.043.
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Abstract Objectives It was known that children with attention deficit (AD) have also weakness in working memory. In our previous research we have revealed that ADHD children have deficit in visual and verbal memory in delayed recall condition in comparison to immediate condition (Kiselev, 2018). The goal of this research was to examine the hypothesis that preschool children with AD have a deficit in reproducing the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure in delayed recall condition. Methods The experimental group included 13 children with AD at the age of 5-6 years. The control group included 13 typically developing children. The children from groups were matched for IQ, gender and age. Children from both groups were assessed with Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF). This test is designed to assess reproducing the complex figure in immediate and delayed recall conditions. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to reveal group differences in reproducing the figure in two conditions. Results We have not revealed significant differences between children from experimental and control group in reproducing the figure in immediate condition. However, the interaction of condition type and group was significant (p < .05). Children with AD had weakness in the accurate reproduction and placement of specific design elements of Rey-Osterieth Complex Figure in Delayed Recall condition. Conclusions In view of our previously received results in children with attention deficit, we can propose that deficit in memory in delayed recall condition can be one of the key symptoms in this disorder.
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Zhang, Yu, and Yukari Okamoto. "Encoding “10ness” improves first-graders’ estimation of numerical magnitudes." Journal of Numerical Cognition 2, no. 3 (February 10, 2017): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v2i3.69.
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Understanding numerical magnitudes is a foundational skill that significantly impacts later learning of mathematics concepts. The current study tested the idea that encoding of “10ness” is crucial to improving children’s estimation of two-digit number magnitudes. We used commercially available base-10 blocks for this purpose. The children in the experimental condition were asked to construct two-digit numbers by laying down the precise combinations of 10- and 1-blocks horizontally (e.g., three 10-blocks and seven 1-blocks for 37). Two control conditions were also included. In one control condition, children used 1-blocks only. In another control condition, children used one 10-block and as many 1-blocks as necessary. After working with the experimenter for only 15 minutes twice, the children in the experimental condition were significantly more accurate on the estimation task than those in the control conditions. The findings confirmed the importance of encoding 10ness as a unit in making accurate estimates of two-digit number magnitudes. The importance of encoding other units in the base-10 system is discussed.
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Honoré, Nastasya, and Marie-Pascale Noël. "Can working memory training improve preschoolers’ numerical abilities?" Journal of Numerical Cognition 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 516–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v3i2.54.
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A large number of studies have pointed out the role of working memory throughout numerical development. Working memory capacities seem to be improved after training and some studies have observed an impact of working memory training on academic performance. In our study, we examined whether training visuo-spatial working memory (with Cogmed) enhances working memory abilities and numerical development in the short and middle term in 5-6 year-old children. Fourty six children were randomly assigned to the experimental condition (adaptive working memory training) or the control condition (non-adaptive, demo version). The program was implemented daily for a period of five weeks in both groups. We observed an immediate impact of the adaptive version on visuo-spatial sketchpad and visuo-spatial central executive abilities and a small impact on Arabic number comparison. No training effect was observed in verbal working memory, in counting, collection comparison and addition. Furthermore, the observed effects were not sustained ten weeks later. These results are discussed in the context of specific and general cognitive factors that support numerical development and we argue against the idea of developing general cognitive factors to efficiently boost numerical development.
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Seo, Sukyong. "Multimorbidity Development in Working People." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 4749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234749.
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Multimorbidity is defined as the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions in one person. It affects the way people lead their lives and might be a heavy burden, especially for those with limited material resources. This study explores the prevalence of multimorbidity in the working population and discusses the distribution of multimorbidity in specific sub-groups. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of nationally representative data in South Korea (Korea Health Panel, 2010–2015). Generalized estimation models were applied to examine the individual effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and job-related variables. We found that about five percent of workers who initially had no or one chronic condition developed multimorbidity during within five years. About 20% of working women had multimorbidity at age 55, about 10 years earlier than working men. A higher prevalence appeared in working women with school-age children, non-standard employment, no autonomy at work, or unskilled occupation. SES was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of multimorbidity in both gender after controlling for the effect of age and other covariates. Multimorbidity is a major health concern in the working population and prevention and control should be promoted in the workplace.
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Fitri, Fitri, Yoyok Hendarso, and Waspodo Waspodo. "Potret Kehidupan Anak Jalanan di Kecamatan Ilir Timur I Kota Palembang." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i3.397.
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This study aims to analyze and describe the life of street children located in Ilir Timur I District, Palembang City. This study uses the Weber concept of social action. The method used in this research is qualitative research methods. The design used in this research is exploratory. Data collection methods used in this study are observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. There are 10 informants in this study. The results showed that the causes of the emergence of street children were helping the family economy, meeting personal needs, working habits since childhood, influence from peers / games and disharmony in the family. The life portrait of street children is depicted in three parts, which are seen from the economic, social and educational conditions. Judging from the economic conditions, street children are included in the economic category of the lower middle class. From a social perspective, these street children have a pretty good social relationship with friends and neighbors. But in the family it is not good because the parents and children are busy working. Finally, the education condition of street children is good because there are still children who are in school.
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Hookway, Lyndsey. "Breastfeeding the Critically Unwell Child: A Call to Action." Clinical Lactation 11, no. 3 (June 24, 2020): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/clinlact-d-19-00030.
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IntroductionBreastfeeding rates among children who have a serious illness or congenital condition are lower than the general population. There are many barriers to maintaining lactation during a child's illness, and specific training issues among staff working in pediatric departments.MethodThis is a narrative review of some of the most common challenges highlighted during a literature search prior to a research study that is being undertaken to explore this phenomenon in greater detail.ResultsThere are many identified challenges for families of sick children. Lactation may be threatened or discontinued if the barriers are not adequately addressed. Lactation professionals working in any setting may work with families who are coping with difficulties that require more support.ConclusionBreastfeeding sick children, and those with complex medical conditions, requires adaptations and more specialized skills. Many families feel unsupported by their medical teams. Recommendations are made for collaborative working between pediatric medicine and surgery, nursing, oncology, radiology, dietetics, anesthetics, pain management, play therapy, child psychology, palliative care, social support, and lactation support.
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Cai, Biye, Shizhong Cai, Hua He, Lu He, Yan Chen, and Aijun Wang. "Multisensory Enhancement of Cognitive Control over Working Memory Capture of Attention in Children with ADHD." Brain Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010066.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in school-age children. Although it has been well documented that children with ADHD are associated with impairment of executive functions including working memory (WM) and inhibitory control, there is not yet a consensus as to the relationship between ADHD and memory-driven attentional capture (i.e., representations in WM bias attention toward the WM-matched distractors). The present study herein examined whether children with ADHD have sufficient cognitive control to modulate memory-driven attentional capture. 73 school-age children (36 with ADHD and 37 matched typically developing (TD) children) were instructed to perform a visual search task while actively maintaining an item in WM. In such a paradigm, the modality and the validity of the memory sample were manipulated. The results showed that under the visual WM encoding condition, no memory-driven attentional capture was observed in TD children, but significant capture was found in children with ADHD. In addition, under the audiovisual WM encoding condition, memory-matched distractors did not capture the attention of both groups. The results indicate a deficit of cognitive control over memory-driven attentional capture in children with ADHD, which can be improved by multisensory WM encoding. These findings enrich the relationship between ADHD and cognitive control and provide new insight into the influence of cross-modal processing on attentional guidance.
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Kunwar, Mala. "Work condition, Exploitation, and Mistreatment of Study of Street Children of Kathmandu Valley." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v5i1.44613.
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All vulnerable and homeless individuals congregate on the street. Many people, ranging in age from youngsters to the elderly, can be seen begging on the street. The purpose of this research was to learn more about the working conditions, exploitation, and mistreatment of street children in the Kathmandu valley. The study used a structured questionnaire survey to obtain data from 234 street children. According to the findings, 39.4 percent of street youngsters were begging rather than doing any type of laborious work. 51.3 percent of street children were subjected to misbehavior and harassment by passers-by. Physical, psychological, sexual, and other forms of abuse and mistreatment were perpetrated on street children. The concerned authority should ensure the safety and security of these street children because they have also right of life.
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Kunwar, Mala. "Work condition, Exploitation, and Mistreatment of Study of Street Children of Kathmandu Valley." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v5i1.44613.
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All vulnerable and homeless individuals congregate on the street. Many people, ranging in age from youngsters to the elderly, can be seen begging on the street. The purpose of this research was to learn more about the working conditions, exploitation, and mistreatment of street children in the Kathmandu valley. The study used a structured questionnaire survey to obtain data from 234 street children. According to the findings, 39.4 percent of street youngsters were begging rather than doing any type of laborious work. 51.3 percent of street children were subjected to misbehavior and harassment by passers-by. Physical, psychological, sexual, and other forms of abuse and mistreatment were perpetrated on street children. The concerned authority should ensure the safety and security of these street children because they have also right of life.
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Yim, Dongsun, Shinyoung Kim, Jeewon Yoo, Yunjung Lee, Sangeon Lee, and Haeun Chung. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Working Memory Tasks Depending on Scoring Unit and Condition in Preschool Children." Communication Sciences & Disorders 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.17394.
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Pacini-Ketchabaw, Veronica. "Child Care and Multiculturalism: A Site of Governance Marked by Flexibility and Openness." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 8, no. 3 (September 2007): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2007.8.3.222.
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This article explores how child care acts as a zone of governance for immigrant young children, enacted through discourses of multiculturalism implied to be flexible and open. It draws on an analysis of early childhood educators' interpretations and understandings of their own practices when working with racialized young immigrant children and families. It disentangles discourses of sensitivity, tolerance, and acceptance of difference that characterize Canadian multiculturalism, as well as discourses of flexibility presented as a condition for performing acts of sensitivity, acceptance, and tolerance when working with young immigrant children.
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Osman, Homira, and Jessica R. Sullivan. "Children's Auditory Working Memory Performance in Degraded Listening Conditions." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 4 (August 2014): 1503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-h-13-0286.
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Purpose The objectives of this study were to determine (a) whether school-age children with typical hearing demonstrate poorer auditory working memory performance in multitalker babble at degraded signal-to-noise ratios than in quiet; and (b) whether the amount of cognitive demand of the task contributed to differences in performance in noise. It was hypothesized that stressing the working memory system with the presence of noise would impede working memory processes in real time and result in poorer working memory performance in degraded conditions. Method Twenty children with typical hearing between 8 and 10 years old were tested using 4 auditory working memory tasks (Forward Digit Recall, Backward Digit Recall, Listening Recall Primary, and Listening Recall Secondary). Stimuli were from the standardized Working Memory Test Battery for Children. Each task was administered in quiet and in 4-talker babble noise at 0 dB and −5 dB signal-to-noise ratios. Results Children's auditory working memory performance was systematically decreased in the presence of multitalker babble noise compared with quiet. Differences between low-complexity and high-complexity tasks were observed, with children performing more poorly on tasks with greater storage and processing demands. There was no interaction between noise and complexity of task. All tasks were negatively impacted similarly by the addition of noise. Conclusions Auditory working memory performance was negatively impacted by the presence of multitalker babble noise. Regardless of complexity of task, noise had a similar effect on performance. These findings suggest that the addition of noise inhibits auditory working memory processes in real time for school-age children.
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Czermainski, Fernanda Rasch, Rudimar dos Santos Riesgo, Luciano Santos Pinto Guimarães, Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles, and Cleonice Alves Bosa. "Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 24, no. 57 (April 2014): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272457201411.
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The literature has shown a strong relationship between executive dysfunction and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), although there is no consensus on which subprocesses of executive functioning are impaired and/or preserved in this condition. This study aimed to investigate executive function and working memory in children and adolescents with ASD (n= 11) compared to children and adolescents with typical development (n= 19) matched by age, formal education, and nonverbal IQ. The tests used were: Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, Rey’s Complex Figure Test, Digit span, Pseudowords span, Working memory, Verbal fluency (orthographic and semantic) and Go/no go. The results demonstrate impairment of executive function in the clinical group, especially in planning, flexibility, inhibition, and also visuospatial working memory.
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Perkins, David, Steward Donaldson, and Judy Zimmerman. "Individual and Dyad-Assisted Instruction." Psychological Reports 62, no. 2 (April 1988): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.2.407.
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A study was designed to gather preliminary information concerning the effectiveness of small-group (dyad) computer-assisted instruction. Children in Grades 3 to 6 completed 10 lessons designed to teach students the critical elements involved in solving mathematical word problems, i.e., identifying key words, writing equations, and selecting the appropriate mathematical operation. Four instructional conditions were evaluated: (1) one child using a microcomputer, (2) two children (dyad) using one microcomputer, (3) one child using one workbook, and (4) two children (dyad) using one workbook. Children in the microcomputer-dyad condition developed more positive attitudes towards computer-instruction than students working individually. No significant differences in achievement scores were found between children given computer-assisted instruction and those given workbooks.
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Sumarsono, Kamila Fadma Putri, and Irwanto Irwanto. "THE INFLUENCE OF SHORT MATERNAL HEIGHT ON STUNTING CHILDREN." Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal 6, no. 1 (March 13, 2022): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/imhsj.v6i1.2022.58-65.
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Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition caused by inadequate nutritional intake over a long period. This condition is represented by a child's height based on age less than minus 2 standard deviations (<-2SD) from the WHO Child Growth Standard. Stunting has long-term effects on children's health and intelligence. This study aims to analyze the effect of short maternal height on the incidence of stunting in the working area of the Raci Health Center. An observational analytic study with a case control approach was conducted in March-May 2021. The research sample consist of 130 mothers and children according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable in this study was maternal height and the dependent variable was stunting. Chi square statistical test was used to determine the level of significance in the data. Bivariate result showed that maternal height affected the incidence of stunting with Ï =0.003 and OR=3.222. Mother's height is a risk factor for stunting in children in the working area of Raci Health Center.
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McCreery, Ryan W., Margaret K. Miller, Emily Buss, and Lori J. Leibold. "Cognitive and Linguistic Contributions to Masked Speech Recognition in Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 3525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00030.
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Purpose The goal of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive and linguistic skills on masked speech recognition for children with normal hearing in three different masking conditions: (a) speech-shaped noise (SSN), (b) amplitude-modulated SSN (AMSSN), and (c) two-talker speech (TTS). We hypothesized that children with better working memory and language skills would have better masked speech recognition than peers with poorer skills in these areas. Selective attention was predicted to affect performance in the TTS masker due to increased cognitive demands from informational masking. Method A group of 60 children in two age groups (5- to 6-year-olds and 9- to 10-year-olds) with normal hearing completed sentence recognition in SSN, AMSSN, and TTS masker conditions. Speech recognition thresholds for 50% correct were measured. Children also completed standardized measures of language, memory, and executive function. Results Children's speech recognition was poorer in the TTS relative to the SSN and AMSSN maskers. Older children had lower speech recognition thresholds than younger children for all masker conditions. Greater language abilities were associated with better sentence recognition for the younger children in all masker conditions, but there was no effect of language for older children. Better working memory and selective attention skills were associated with better masked sentence recognition for both age groups, but only in the TTS masker condition. Conclusions The decreasing influence of vocabulary on masked speech recognition for older children supports the idea that this relationship depends on an interaction between the language level of the stimuli and the listener's vocabulary. Increased cognitive demands associated with perceptually isolating the target talker and two competing masker talkers with a TTS masker may result in the recruitment of working memory and selective attention skills, effects that were not observed in SSN or AMSSN maskers. Future research should evaluate these effects across a broader range of stimuli or with children who have hearing loss.
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Dychko, O. A., V. V. Dychko, Y. S. Klymenko, D. V. Dychko, and O. M. Zinoviev. "THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL WORKING CAPACITY AND CONDITION OF OXYGEN TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN CHILDREN WITH SCOLIOSIS." Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine 2, no. 1 (2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.29254/2077-4214-2021-2-160-343-345.
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Stefanelli, Silvia, and Tracy Packiam Alloway. "Mathematical skills and working memory profile of children with borderline intellectual functioning." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 24, no. 3 (December 28, 2018): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744629518821251.
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Borderline intellectual functioning is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 70–85. The present study aimed to investigate the mathematical abilities and the working memory of students with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF). The sample group included 10 year-old students with BIF ( n = 85) and with average non-verbal IQ ( n = 45). The children were assessed in non-verbal intelligence, numerical ability and working memory. Our results showed an impairment of mathematical skills, especially in the operation tasks, and working memory in children with BIF, compared to typically developing peers. Generally, their skills seemed to be consistent with intelligence scores (WOND and AWMA scores ≥ 70). In some cases, children with BIF could have mathematical difficulties (WOND < 70). In general, they showed visuospatial short-term memory and central executive subsystem more damaged than non-verbal intelligence while the verbal short-term memory was similar to the IQ.
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Utami, Kiky Meyliza, Ida Rahman Burhan, and Desmawati Desmawati. "Hubungan Kondisi Sarana Air Bersih dengan Kejadian Diare pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Nanggalo Tahun 2020." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jikesi.v2i1.204.
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Background. Diarrhea is the second most common cause of death among children under five with an environment basis where the one of the causes is the lack of clean water facilities. Based on the data of Padang City Health Office, it was found that Nanggalo Health Center was in the third position with the highest incidence of diarrhea among children under five in 2018.Objective. This study aimed to relationship between condition of clean water facilities and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Nanggalo Health Center working area in 2020.Method. Research design used cross sectional study. The sample was 105 people and chose with proportionate random sampling technique. This research used questionnaires and observation sheets by interview and observation technique. The analysis used chi square test.Result. From the research showed the incidence of diarrhea in children under five was 34,3% and the unqualified clean water facilities was 14,3%. Then for bivariate analysis between condition of clean water facilities and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five showed that there was no significant relationship with p value = 0,425.Conclusion. Based on the result, in can be conclused that there was no relationship between condition of clean water facilities and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Nanggalo Health Center working area in 2020.
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Siti Rofi’ah and Jasminto. "Pemberdayaan Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual Berbasis Gender Melalui Self Efikasi di Jombang." Engagement : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/engagement.v2i2.42.
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This research aimed to find and stimulate self-efficacy of children victims of gender-based sexual violence using the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method with the Apreciative Inquiry technique, individual assets and social assets owned by victims of sexual violence. Research findings show that children who are victims of sexual violence are able to accept their condition today, realize their condition and have confidence that they still have success in the future, they will be successful in proving themselves that despite being victims of sexual violence they are able to achieve success in life by continuing school both formal and chase packages, working according to the field of expertise (working in a pharmacy, online business, training in cooking, continuing the business of parents).
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Weschenfelder, Friederike, Karolin Lohse, Thomas Lehmann, Ekkehard Schleußner, and Tanja Groten. "Circadian rhythm and gestational diabetes: working conditions, sleeping habits and lifestyle influence insulin dependency during pregnancy." Acta Diabetologica 58, no. 9 (April 10, 2021): 1177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-021-01708-8.
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Abstract Objective Management of gestational diabetes (GDM) is currently changing toward a more personalized approach. There is a growing number of GDM patients requiring only a single dose of basal insulin at night to achieve glucose control. Well-known risk factors like obesity, parity and family history have been associated with GDM treatment requirements. Sleep quality and lifestyle factors interfering with the circadian rhythm are known to affect glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of such lifestyle factors on insulin requirement in GDM patients, in particular on long-acting insulin to control fasting glucose levels. Research design and methods A total of 805 patients treated for GDM between 2012 and 2016 received a study questionnaire on lifestyle conditions. Sleep quality and work condition categories were used for subgroup analysis. Independent effects on treatment approaches were evaluated using multivariate regression. Results In total, 235 (29.2%) questionnaires returned. Women reporting poor sleep conditions had higher pre-pregnancy weight and BMI, heavier newborns, more large for gestational age newborns and higher rates of hyperbilirubinemia. Treatment requirements were related to sleep and work condition categories. Multivariate regression for ‘Basal’ insulin-only treatment revealed an adjOR 3.4 (CI 1.23–9.40, p < 0.05) for unfavorable work conditions and adjOR 4.3 (CI 1.28–14.50, p < 0.05) for living with children. Conclusions Our findings suggest that external stressors like unfavorable work conditions and living with children are independently associated with the necessity of long-acting insulin at night in GDM patients. Thus, fasting glucose levels of pregnant women presenting with such lifestyle conditions may be subject to close monitoring.
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McConkey, Roy, and Arlene Cassidy. "Working with families who have children with autism spectrum conditions." Learning Disability Practice 13, no. 2 (March 10, 2010): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ldp2010.03.13.2.19.c7604.
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Duarte, Elysângela Dittz, Kênia Lara Silva, Tatiana Silva Tavares, Corina Lemos Jamal Nishimoto, Paloma Morais Silva, and Roseni Rosângela de Sena. "CARE OF CHILDREN WITH A CHRONIC CONDITION IN PRIMARY CARE: CHALLENGES TO THE HEALTHCARE MODEL." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 24, no. 4 (December 2015): 1009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-0707201500003040014.
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ABSTRACT This is a qualitative study aiming to analyze the healthcare model for children with chronic conditions in Primary Health Care. The study subjects were nurses, nurse technicians and auxiliary nurses working in 16 basic health units in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and later analyzed from the critical perspective, seeking to identify the common themes in the empirical material. Data revealed how primary health care professionals identified and reached children with chronic conditions, as well as how they presented the care actions performed. However, the development of a model of care for children with chronic conditions in primary health that considers their specific health needs constitutes a challenge.
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Simone, Ashley N., Anne-Claude V. Bédard, David J. Marks, and Jeffrey M. Halperin. "Good Holders, Bad Shufflers: An Examination of Working Memory Processes and Modalities in Children with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22, no. 1 (November 17, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715001010.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine working memory (WM) modalities (visual-spatial and auditory-verbal) and processes (maintenance and manipulation) in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 63 8-year-old children with ADHD and an age- and sex-matched non-ADHD comparison group (N=51). Auditory-verbal and visual-spatial WM were assessed using the Digit Span and Spatial Span subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Integrated - Fourth Edition. WM maintenance and manipulation were assessed via forward and backward span indices, respectively. Data were analyzed using a 3-way Group (ADHD vs. non-ADHD)×Modality (Auditory-Verbal vs. Visual-Spatial)×Condition (Forward vs. Backward) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Secondary analyses examined differences between Combined and Predominantly Inattentive ADHD presentations. Significant Group×Condition (p=.02) and Group×Modality (p=.03) interactions indicated differentially poorer performance by those with ADHD on backward relative to forward and visual-spatial relative to auditory-verbal tasks, respectively. The 3-way interaction was not significant. Analyses targeting ADHD presentations yielded a significant Group×Condition interaction (p=.009) such that children with ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive Presentation performed differentially poorer on backward relative to forward tasks compared to the children with ADHD-Combined Presentation. Findings indicate a specific pattern of WM weaknesses (i.e., WM manipulation and visual-spatial tasks) for children with ADHD. Furthermore, differential patterns of WM performance were found for children with ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive versus Combined Presentations. (JINS, 2016, 22, 1–11)
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Costanzo, Floriana, Elisa Fucà, Deny Menghini, Antonella Rita Circelli, Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo, Alberto Costa, and Stefano Vicari. "Event-Based Prospective Memory Deficit in Children with ADHD: Underlying Cognitive Factors and Association with Symptoms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 5849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115849.
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Event-based prospective memory (PM) was investigated in children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a novel experimental procedure to evaluate the role of working memory (WM) load, attentional focus, and reward sensitivity. The study included 24 children with ADHD and 23 typically-developing controls. The experimental paradigm comprised one baseline condition (BC), only including an ongoing task, and four PM conditions, varying for targets: 1 Target (1T), 4 Targets (4T), Unfocal (UN), and Reward (RE). Children with ADHD were slower than controls on all PM tasks and less accurate on both ongoing and PM tasks on the 4T and UN conditions. Within the ADHD group, the accuracy in the RE condition did not differ from BC. A significant relationship between ADHD-related symptoms and reduced accuracy/higher speed in PM conditions (PM and ongoing trials), but not in BC, was detected. Our data provide insight on the adverse role of WM load and attentional focus and the positive influence of reward in the PM performance of children with ADHD. Moreover, the relation between PM and ADHD symptoms paves the road for PM as a promising neuropsychological marker for ADHD diagnosis and intervention.
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Gilbert, David J., Raja AS Mukherjee, Nisha Kassam, and Penny A. Cook. "Exploring the experiences of social workers in working with children suspected to have fetal alcohol spectrum disorders." Adoption & Fostering 45, no. 2 (July 2021): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03085759211011735.
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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one outcome from prenatal alcohol exposure. Social workers are likely to encounter children with the condition, due to the greater likelihood of prenatal alcohol exposure among children in social services settings. This study explores the experiences of social workers in working with children suspected of having FASD and the support offered to social workers, the children and their families. Semi-structured interviews followed by qualitative framework analysis were conducted with seven child and family social workers along with one child protection solicitor who had experience of handling FASD cases. The two main themes that emerged from the data were a lack of knowledge about FASD and the paucity of diagnosis. Lack of knowledge among the social workers was linked to difficulty in managing children suspected to have the condition, feelings of frustration and normalisation of challenging behaviours. The paucity of diagnosis led to an under-emphasis of FASD in assessments, a dearth of specialist services and confusion about its specific effects in contexts of multiple substance misuse and harmful socio-environmental factors. The need for increased FASD awareness within social services and the development of FASD-targeted support for children and families is highlighted. Social workers would benefit from the inclusion of FASD-focused training in their curricula and professional development plans. Improving the diagnostic capacities of health institutions would address the paucity of diagnosis and raise the profile of FASD, especially in the social services setting.
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Gorman, Stephanie, Marcia A. Barnes, Paul R. Swank, Mary Prasad, and Linda Ewing-Cobbs. "The Effects of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury on Verbal and Visual-Spatial Working Memory." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 1 (October 12, 2011): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617711001251.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) on verbal and visual-spatial working memory (WM). WM tasks examined memory span through recall of the last item of a series of stimuli. Additionally, both verbal and visual-spatial tests had a dual-task condition assessing the effect of increasing demands on the central executive (CE). Inhibitory control processes in verbal WM were examined through intrusion errors. The TBI group (n= 73) performed more poorly on verbal and visual-spatial WM tasks than orthopedic-injured children (n= 30) and non-injured children (n= 40). All groups performed more poorly on the dual-task conditions, reflecting an effect of increasing CE load. This effect was not greater for the TBI group. There were no group differences in intrusion errors on the verbal WM task, suggesting that problems in WM experienced by children with TBI were not primarily due to difficulties in inhibitory control. Finally, injury-related characteristics, namely days to follow commands, accounted for significant variance in WM performance, after controlling for relevant demographic variables. Findings suggest that WM impairments in TBI are general rather than modality-specific and that severity indices measured over time are better predictors of WM performance than those taken at a single time point. (JINS, 2012,18, 29–38)
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Sayko, Khristina. "Psychological characteristics of emotional intelligence of teachers working with children of developmental disorders." Journal of Education Culture and Society 4, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20132.29.35.
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The paper discusses emotional intelligence as a factor of effective teaching. Emotional intelligence, in broad interpretation, is defined as the ability to differentiate between posi-tive and negative emotions, and the ability to change one’s emotional condition from a poor to a better one. Internal and external components are inherent in the emotional com-ponent, and they can provide stress protecting and adaptive functions of this integral con-cept. Also it highlights psychological characteristics of teachers working with children with developmental disorders. Psychological requirements for specialists who work with indi-viduals with special educational needs include psychological willingness of a personality for this work. This willingness can be considered as an integrated quality of a personality including a system of motivation, knowledge, skills, certain experience, personal qualities that ensure successful activity.
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А. E. Zarypkhanova and B. T. Tantybaeva. "EFFECTIVE METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR TEACHING CHEMISTRY IN AN INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Pedagogics series, no. 2.2022 (June 30, 2022): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/wzrc2150.
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We cannot deny the presence of children with disabilities in society. Creating conditions for quality education outside of their characteristics is one of the most pressing problems at the moment. One of the tasks facing us today is to provide equal quality education to including children with special educational needs, without leaving anyone indifferent. The condition for the sustainable development of Kazakhstan as an open civil society is to ensure the right of children to life and the full development of their capabilities, as stated in the «Convention on the rights of the child», to provide equal opportunities for all children, their social and legal protection. Nowadays working with such children is studied well. Based on research methods, theoretical judgments and practical recommendations can be used for teaching children with special needs, forming their cognitive activity, increasing interest in the subject and the quality of the educational process.
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Borуsova, Yuliia, Оlena Vlasyuk, and Andrii Fedoriaka. "Analysis of physical condition of children 7-8 years old." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 10(141) (October 25, 2021): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.10(141).06.
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Differentiation and individualization of school physical education allows one to take into account the features of each child, its existing experience and level of achievements, interests and inclinations. To organize a differentiated approach during a teacher of physical culture, operational information on the physical state of students of a particular class is required. The purpose of the work is to analyze the physical condition of children 7-8 years for planning physical activity during exercises. Methods of research: analysis of scientific and methodological literature; Pedagogical observation and experiment; testing; Methods of mathematical statistics. Organization of research. The research was conducted on the basis of School No. 66 of the Dnipro. 125 children 7-8 years have participated in the study. The processing of test results was carried out using the KIFZOS Computer Program. Research results. The age of 7-8 years is the most calm period in the development of children, during which there is a smooth change in the structures and functions of the organism. However, despite the slowdown in growth rates, the length of the body in girls and the boys increases more intense than body weight. The body proportions are changing, the volume of the chest increases, that is, there is a "pulling" of the body. A clear difference between boys and girls in anthropometric indicators almost not observed. The general assessment of the level of health of children under the method of G. L. Apanasenko allowed to distribute examined schoolchildren to 3 groups by levels of somatic health. Most children belonged to the group "Patients". Among boys, low level of physical fitness is observed more in children for 8 years - 63.0% (7 years - 33.3%). High levels are not fixed. Among girls, low levels of physical fitness had 29.4% - 7 years, 14.3% - 8 years. High levels were observed in 7.1% of girls 8 years. Conclusions. Thus, an individual assessment of the physical state of school-age children allows you to determine the means and methods of development of motor qualities, taking into account sensitive periods and age-sexual characteristics of students. The obtained data indicate a low level of physical condition of children, which determines the use of a differentiated approach in planning physical activity. Prospects for further research. We plan to develop exercises for increasing the level of physical status of schoolchildren who can be used when working on-line.
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Dalziell, Andrew, James Boyle, and Nanette Mutrie. "Better Movers and Thinkers (BMT): An Exploratory Study of an Innovative Approach to Physical Education." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 11, no. 4 (November 27, 2015): 722–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v11i4.950.
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Recent research has confirmed a positive relationship between levels of physical activity and academic achievement. Some of these studies have been informed by neurological models of Executive Functioning (EF). There is a general consensus within the literature that the three core EF skills are; working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. The development of these core EF skills has been linked with learning and academic achievement and is an essential component in the delivery of PE using a new and innovative approach called ‘Better Movers and Thinkers (BMT).’ A mixed methods design was used to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of a 16-week intervention programme using BMT where 46 children were tested on two separate occasions for coordination and balance control, academic skills, working memory and non-verbal reasoning skills. One school acted as the control condition (21 students, aged 9 – 10 years) and another school acted as the intervention condition (25 students, aged 9 – 10 years). Quantitative data revealed an effect between pre and post-test conditions in the areas of phonological skills (p = .042), segmentation skills (p = .014) and working memory (p = .040) in favour of the intervention condition. Further analysis identified a gender-interaction with male students in the intervention condition making significant gains in phonological skills (p = .005) segmentation skills (p = .014) and spelling (p = .007) compared to boys in the control condition. Analysis of qualitative data from a sample of students from the intervention condition and their class teacher indicated good acceptability of BMT as an alternative approach to PE.
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Voitas, S. A., I. V. Ribelka, Y. V. Brazhnik, A. A. Miller, and O. I. Leonova. "Building an Innovation Model of Rehabilitation and Educational Space for Students with Special Educational Needs: Recommendations for Specialists." Вестник практической психологии образования 18, no. 4 (2021): 97–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2021180410.
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The paper proposes a description of the structure and functions of the Internet resource model of the rehabilitation and educational space for children with disabilities to present the best practices of rehabilitation and education. Topical issues of building a rehabilitation and educational environment for children with disabilities and disabilities that contribute to the activation of personal resources and overcoming social deprivation through the organization of children's and adult communities are dis-cussed. The problems of introducing children with disabilities to join activities in the educational and social environment, activating personal resources, overcoming the psychological isolation of families with children with disabilities by moving from working with a child’s “defect” to working with its social consequences, increasing social inclusion of families with children with disabilities in education and employment, expansion of rehabilitation services for children with disabilities are considered. Ac-counting for these problems is also a necessary condition for improving the professionalism of spe-cialists in rehabilitation and education institutions in the field of organizing a rehabilitation and educa-tional environment for children with disabilities.
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Wright, Heather Harris, and Marilyn Newhoff. "Narration Abilities of Children With Language-Learning Disabilities in Response to Oral and Written Stimuli." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 10, no. 3 (August 2001): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2001/027).
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The purpose of the present investigation was to examine story retelling and inference abilities in children with language-learning disabilities (LLD). There were 10 children in the LLD group and 20 who showed normal acquisition of language, 10 of whom were matched for chronological age (NACA) and 10 of whom were matched for language ability (NALA) to an LLD child. Stimuli were both orally presented (Heard Condition) and read silently (Read Condition) by the participants. Four stories were presented in each of these conditions. After each story, participants completed two tasks: retelling the story and answering questions that were either factual or that required inferencing. Generally, results indicated that children with LLD and NALA retold stories and drew inferences more poorly than NACA children regardless of stimulus presentation mode; children with LLD drew inferences best with orally presented stimuli; and children with NACA and NALA drew inferences best with stimuli presented in writing. A number of possible explanations for the differences between groups are discussed, including working memory and attending to relevant information in text, both of which are skills needed for reading comprehension. These children's difficulties in making inferences were attributed to impairments in cognitive functions. Clinically, then, teaching children with LLD to make inferences from both text and oral narratives would address impaired cognitive functions and reading comprehension abilities.
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Khusainov, Nikita O., Sergei V. Vissarionov, and Dmitriy N. Kokushin. "Craniocervical instability in children with Down’s syndrome." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 4, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors4371-77.
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Introduction. Pathology of the craniovertebral zone in children with Down’s syndrome is a very important topic, because of the high risk for developing neurological complications in these patients, after even a minor trauma.Material and methods. We performed a review of the literature highlighting the disorders of the cervical spine in children with Down’s syndrome.Results. We gathered data on the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of craniocervical instability in children with Down’s syndrome. We reviewed the existing surgical treatment options, and presented our own clinical cases. We also developed a protocol for the management of these patients.Discussions. Understanding the several forms of craniocervical instability in children with Down’s syndrome is very important. As it is a very dangerous condition that can lead to devastating neurological deficits, all medical specialties working with these patients should be aware of them. There are clinical and radiological criteria for this condition that can help in the management of such patients. Surgical treatment is an effective option, but it has a high complication rate and rarely results in neurological improvement.
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Fuith-Costa, Julie, and Kathryn DeMarco. "One Center's Approach to the Assessment and Treatment of the Pediatric Minimally Conscious State." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 21, no. 1 (April 2011): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld21.1.6.
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Children are surviving severe brain injuries and arriving at rehabilitation centers across the country in a minimally conscious state (MCS). The MCS is defined as a condition of severely altered consciousness in which minimal but definite behavioral evidence of self or environmental awareness is demonstrated. This relatively new working definition has challenged health care providers to expand their therapeutic scope and begin working with children in a disordered state of consciousness, who previously may not have been deemed appropriate for therapy services due to lack of consciousness. Currently, within the field of speech-language pathology, a lack of evidence exists supporting the assessment and/or treatment of children in a MCS. This article seeks to provide a better understanding of the MCS in children, the characteristics consistent with the MCS, and one inpatient acute rehabilitation center's approach to the assessment and treatment of these children. Further research is needed to develop standardized assessment procedures and treatment protocols and promote a multidisciplinary approach to the management of children with the MCS.
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Joshi, Sunil Kumar, Pranab Dahal, Agya Poudel, and Helen Sherpa. "Work related injuries and musculoskeletal disorders among child workers in the brick kilns of Nepal." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 3, no. 2 (April 20, 2014): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i2.10271.
Full textAbstract:
Brick manufacturing is a labor intensive informal industry using child workers as the major work force in Nepal. Workers are required to use physical strength, carry heavy loads and remain in a squatted posture for longer periods doing repetitive tasks posing threats to musculoskeletal system. This study involved cross sectional study of children aged 17 years and below. The study respondent included 101 cases and 64 controls in Bhaktapur and 97 cases and 43 controls in Sarlahi. Lack of adequate physical infrastructures, poor working conditions with non existent safety procedures have posed risk to physical, metal and overall well being of children. The study identifies work related physical ailments and discomforts dominate brick industries of Nepal. The musculoskeletal disorder related pain and discomfort was experienced by 73 per cent of working children in Bhaktapur and 58 per cent in Sarlahi. The odds ratio suggests that working children were 8 times more likely to experience trouble or body pain compared to non-working children. This study finds that presence of inferior physical environment, working conditions and practices has contributed to musculoskeletal injuries and problems exposing working children to risks and hazards. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i2.10271
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Sumakul, Yunita, and Shanti Ruata. "KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS DALAM MASA PANDEMI COVID-19." Journal of Psychology "Humanlight" 1, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51667/jph.v1i1.302.
Full textAbstract:
Psychological well-being is a condition in which a person’s psychological aspects can function properly and positively. This study describes how the psychological well-being of parents who have dual roles in the Covid-19 pandemic period. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Participants in this study were working mothers and who have children in elementary schools. Data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation to participants and their families. The result showed that the Covid-19 pandemic disrupted the psychological well-being of participants. The psychological condition experienced are stress, fear, and anxiety related to the danger of Covid-19 transmission and the conditions of “stay at home´caused by the covid-19 pandemic.