Academic literature on the topic 'Condition monitoring and main air pollutants'
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Journal articles on the topic "Condition monitoring and main air pollutants"
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Salcido, Alejandro, Susana Carreón-Sierra, and Ana-Teresa Celada-Murillo. "Air Pollution Flow Patterns in the Mexico City Region." Climate 7, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7110128.
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According to the Mexico City Emissions Inventory, mobile sources are responsible for approximately 86% of nitrogen oxide emissions in this region, and correspond to a NOx emission of 51 and 58 kilotons per year in Mexico City and the State of Mexico, respectively. Ozone levels in this region are often high and persist as one of the main problems of air pollution. Identifying the main scenarios for the transport and dispersion of air pollutants requires the knowledge of their flow patterns. This work examines the surface flow patterns of air pollutants (NO2, O3, SO2, and PM10) in the area of Mexico City (a region with strong orographic influences) over the period 2001–2010. The flow condition of a pollutant depends on the spatial distribution of its concentration and the mode of wind circulation in the region. We achieved the identification and characterization of the pollutant flow patterns through the exploitation of the 1-hour average values of the pollutant concentrations and wind data provided by the atmospheric monitoring network of Mexico City and the application of the k-means method of cluster analysis. The data objects for the cluster analysis were obtained by modeling Mexico City as a 4-cell spatial domain and describing, for each pollutant, the flow state in a cell by the spatial averages of the horizontal pollutant flow vector and its gradients (the divergence and curl of the flow vector). We identified seven patterns for wind circulation and nine patterns for each of NO2, O3, PM10, and SO2 pollutant flows. Their seasonal and annual average intensities and probabilities of occurrence were estimated.
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Tarasov, Volodymyr, Bohdan Molodets, Тatyana Bulanaya, and Oleg Baybuz. "Analysis of existing air monitoring technologies." System technologies 3, no. 134 (April 5, 2021): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-3-134-2021-08.
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Atmospheric air monitoring is a systematic, long-term assessment of the level of certain types of pollutants by measuring their amount in the open air. Atmospheric air monitoring is an integral part of an effective air quality management system and is carried out through environmental monitoring networks, which should support timely provision of public information about air pollution, support compliance with ambient air quality standards and development of emission strategies, support for air pollution research.The work is devoted to existing air monitoring technologies: ground (sensors, diffusion tubes, etc.) and remote resources (satellites, aircraft, etc.). In addition, standards of air quality assessment (European and American) are described. As an example, we consider the European Air Quality Index (EAQI) and the Air Quality Index according to EPF standards: indicators by which these indices are calculated, the ranking of air status depending on the value of the index are described.AQI (Air Quality Index) is used as an indicator of the impact of air on the human condition. The European Air Quality Index allows users to better understand air quality where they live, work or travel. By displaying information for Europe, users can gain an understanding of air quality in individual countries, regions and cities. The index is based on the values of the concentration of the five main pollutants, including particles less than 10μm (PM10), particles less than 2.5μm (PM2.5), ozone (O3); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); sulfur dioxide (SO2). To conclude, ground stations give a more accurate picture of the state of the air at a point, while satellite image data with a certain error (due to cloud cover, etc.) can cover a larger area and solve the problem of coverage of stations in the area. There is no single standard for calculation. Today, the European Air Quality Index (EAQI) is used in Ukraine and Europe.
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Su, Rong Jun. "Impact Evaluation on Air and Acoustic Environment of an Integrated Circuit Project." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1541.
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To assess environmental feasibility of integrated circuit industry and predict it’s influence on air and acoustic emvironment, the current situations and impact assesment on air and sound environment were done. Survey on air pollution sources indicated that smoke dust was the main exhaust pollutants accounting for 88.5% of the total and SO2 was the second. Current situation of monitoring shows that all measured items can satisfy the requirements of the standards except the daily average concentration of PM10. Gas pollutants in waste gases can be removed 85~ 95% after purified. Noises on proposed project area during night and day are all accord with the third or fourth class standards of 《Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area》. Noises in the project can meet level Ⅲ standards of 《Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises》. So this project has little influence on surrounding air and sound environment. Therefore on the condition of adopting corresponding treatment measures, this project is feasible on aspects of air and sound environment.
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Gorsky, Andrey. "ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNOGENIC IMPACT OF STATIONARY SOURCES OF POLLUTION ON THE CONDITION OF THE AIR POOL OF THE KYIV AGGLOMERATION." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 9(28) (2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689.2021.9(28).10.
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The aim of the article is to assess the impact of stationary sources of pollution of the Kyiv agglomeration on the state of its air basin. Atmospheric air pollution is known to be one of the leading elements in assessing the quality of human habitat because it has a detrimental effect on human health. The object of the study is the state of the atmospheric air of the agglomeration. The subject of the study is air pollution by stationary sources, identification of major pollutants, assessment of their man-made load on the air by emissions, by types of harmful substances, taking into account their danger by the values of maximum permissible daily concentrations and hazard class. Scientific and methodological support of monitoring tasks, comprehensive assessment of air pollution of agglomerations, both cities and their rural areas, is becoming increasingly important, especially where there are powerful stationary sources of air pollution. In the course of the research the enterprises – the main air pollutants of the agglomeration were identified, their emissions by types of harmful impurities were analyzed. The calculation of indicators of the hazard category of enterprises (HCE) on the volume of emissions, taking into account the values of the maximum allowable average daily concentrations and the hazard class of pollutants. To conduct a comprehensive assessment of man-made impact on the air, the calculation of the hazard indicator of the emission structure (HES) is proposed and their calculation is performed for certain enterprises. According to the proposed methodological approach, the values of aggregate indicators of man-caused load (MCLI) for stationary sources of pollution by numerical values of their HCE and HES are obtained. They comprehensively reflect the load on the air both due to emissions and due to the danger of harmful substances. Important measures to reduce volumes and improve the risk of emissions of harmful substances at enterprises are also indicated. Undoubtedly, promising methods are the study of air pollution in large cities and agglomerations, which are based on the use of geographic information technologies.
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Maranzano, Paolo. "Air Quality in Lombardy, Italy: An Overview of the Environmental Monitoring System of ARPA Lombardia." Earth 3, no. 1 (February 7, 2022): 172–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth3010013.
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In this paper, we describe the structure and the features of the air quality and meteorological monitoring system adopted in the Lombardy region in Northern Italy. We are interested in describing which data the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA Lombardia) must collect, how this process takes place and how they are disseminated to the public for institutional communication and research purposes. ARPA monitors the atmospheric conditions through a dense ground monitoring network composed mainly by permanent stations, but also by mobile samplers. We describe in a detailed fashion the structure of the network: how many stations the network consists of, their locations, which pollutants and weather events are monitored and with what frequency. Our main objective is to present to an international audience the case study of ARPA Lombardia and the main available public data, explicitly stating the sources of information and how to find them, and encouraging international researchers to deal with the subject. In spite of the significant and extensive efforts made to counteract the phenomenon of air pollution, the air quality recorded in the region is very poor, and the local authorities are struggling to comply with international regulations on the concentration of pollutants in the air, making Lombardy a relevant international case. In addition, we present in a synthetic and descriptive way, without any modeling ambition, some data observed in the last years in Lombardy regarding meteorology and the main pollutants (oxides and particulate matters). The empirical descriptive results have been obtained by analyzing sample data provided by ARPA Lombardia through the same sources described in the sections dedicated to the Agency. From the graphical analysis, it is noticeable that at aggregate (regional) level, the concentrations are affected by significant decreasing trends, but at a rather contained speed. This is particularly true for the concentrations of oxides (NO2 and NOX) in urban and industrial areas. However, particulate matters and ozone show a high persistence in the average concentrations, interrupted only by the alternation of climatic seasons. The data also show that the meteorology of the region does not seem favorable for the improvement of air quality, as the region is characterized by low precipitation, and wind almost everywhere is not very intense. This situation could be induced by the unfavorable geography of the area, which prevents adequate air recycling and facilitates the stagnation of pollutants. We suggest that any public policy intervention aimed at improving the air quality situation in the region should take into account this empirical evidence in the impact assessment phase.
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Majder-Łopatka, Małgorzata, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, and Wiktor Wąsik. "The application of stand-off infrared detection to identify air pollutants." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400104.
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Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) enables the passive detection and identification of chemical agent clouds from distances. It can be used for the monitoring of large spaces and protection of industrial installations outside buildings. The aim of the study was show the possibilities and limitations of passive FT-IR. In studies done by the Faculty of Fire Safety Engineering at the Main School of Fire Service were used spectrometer RAPID (Remote Air Pollution Infrared Detector), Bruker Daltonics Company. Hazardous substances such as acetone, methanol, ammonia was identified on-line from several observation points at 25 m, 50 m and 75 m. The tests were carried out at various meteorological conditions. The results indicate that remote infrared detection allows detecting hazardous chemical agents in the atmosphere from a distance. Nevertheless, meteorological and terrain conditions have a big impact on the measurement results. During measurements, the detector indicated the presence of other substances. Moreover, it was found that under cloudy and windy weather, remote detection is not possible.
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Lu, Mei Fang, and Jim Jui Min Lin. "Variation of Indoor Air Quality among Urban Public Venues in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1928.
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Modern people spent nearly 90% of their time indoor, and therefore, indoor air quality can directly affect our health. Recently, air quality has been much more emphasized than ever. Since 1970s, many studies have shown that the indoor air quality (IAQ) at urban areas can be worse than the outdoor air quality. To investigate the current condition of urban indoor air quality as well as differences between various types of public venues, this study used either a direct-reading instrument or the method proposed by the Taiwan Environmental Administration (TWEPA) for monitoring indoor air quality. The acquired data were used for variation analysis of indoor air quality of different public venues. Fifteen public venues were selected in this study for monitoring their indoor air quality, and among these 15 public venues, four of them are Category I venues, while the remaining eleven are Category II venues. The measurement was conducted twice at each of the public venue, and the monitored pollutants are CO2, CO, HCHO, TVOC, O3, PM10, PM2.5, bacteria, fungi, humidity, and temperature. The results suggested that there were nine public venues in the first sampling and seven public venues in the second sampling with indoor air pollutant concentrations exceeding the standards. Furthermore, the concentrations of CO2, CO, and O3, from the two measurements exceeded the indoor air quality standards. Therefore, CO2, CO, and O3can be considered as the main contributors to the poor indoor air quality of public venues. The high concentrations of CO2and O3indoor are related to population density and the use of O3generating machines, printers, or photocopiers. As for CO, the high concentration is because of the spread of exhaust gases from vehicles or factories may penetrate from outside to the indoor.
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Habibi, Roya, and Ali Asghar Alesheikh. "Managing coverage holes in IoT monitoring sensor networks." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-103-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Coinciding with the development of sensor networks, communication technologies and also emerging the Internet of Things (IoT), the way was smoothed for the improvement of environmental observation tasks. The basic considered architecture for IoT is a 3-layer architecture including application, network, and perception layers respectively. The lowest layer is tasked with sensing the physical world. In environmental observation and monitoring, in-situ sensing and remote sensing generally do this duty. If the variability of the phenomenon in space and time is high such as air pollution concentrations, in-situ sensing is the best solution. Gathered data from physical world deliver to application layer through network layer. Services and analyses of monitoring tasks offer and conduct in application layer.</p><p>There are lots of researches in the literature which have addressed requirements and challenges of IoT including network architecture and infrastructure [1], security and privacy [2], big data analytics [3]. Natural phenomena are inherently continuous. Ideally, in IoT scenarios, it is needed to know observing phenomenon at anytime and anywhere. At this point, sensor measurement rate and spatial coverage of sensor network are problematic. This is an undeniable fact that the phenomenon cannot be sensed at any place. Most sensors are statics. In addition, setup and maintenance of them are expensive. Therefore, data of interested phenomenon is measured at a number of distinct points. Node failure is one of the critical issues in wireless sensor networks which leads to a coverage hole. These holes in sensor networks result in the degradation of network performance and quality of service [4]. However, it might be a minor problem depending on spatial variability of observing phenomenon or sensor network density. Spatial interpolation methods are the best keys to solve this problem. In this way, a continuous surface of interested parameter is estimated throughout the area and values for unmeasured points are predicted. According to the first low of geography, there is a spatial relation between spatial features in geographic space. Spatial autocorrelation is a characteristic implying this relation and define a distance in which observed values are correlated with itself [5]. This correlation might be positive or negative. Nonetheless, it is meaningful at a range. This range is essential in monitoring task. It plays a prominent role in sensor network density. If sensor network structure is so dense that cover out of range distances according to spatial autocorrelation, this surface will be acceptably precise. If a node failure happen in monitoring network, precision of resulted interpolated surface will decrease and predicted values at unobserved points will be unreliable. The main purpose of the current work is providing a solution to manage this coverage hole in IoT scenarios with earth observation tasks. In other words, it makes concentration values of pollutants available at right place and right time via web.</p><p>The case study for implementing solution is air pollution monitoring network in Tehran, Iran. Air pollution is one of the main problems in cities, especially in metropolises. In this regard, Tehran is faced with serious matters, and damages caused by this issue inflicts exorbitant costs on urban residents and officials. High intrinsic dynamic of air pollution in space and time, and contributions of natural or synthetic sources to its increase or reduction, clarify the necessity of observation systems which should be adopt to this dynamic. To overcome node failure in network, short-term time series analysis methods are promising. A time series is a sequence of observations that occur continuously in time [6]. The complexity of the physical and chemical processes that lead to changes in concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, and the complexity of geographical conditions, along with the presence of data errors in involving parameters, cause serious problems in precise and rapid modelling of pollutants. Therefore, for practical purposes, short-term predictive methods for concentrations of air pollutants are mainly based on time series statistical methods [7]. Using Holt-Winters temporal model, a method is proposed for covering missed data among observations of sensor network. This study was performed on air quality monitoring network of Tehran and utilized OGC SWE standards to produce interoperable open spatial infrastructure in sensor networks. For performing statistical tests, two stations named Cheshmeh and Elm-o-Sanat were detected as samples of clean and polluted regions using Moran's I index spatial clustering method. For spatial prediction of pollutant, various kind of spatial interpolation methods will be evaluated and best method will be selected due to less error in fitting a surface of pollutants throughout the city. Finally, the desired models will be integrated in a data infrastructure established by sensor web standards and results will be available for users through a web-based application. These results could be usable in other applications of internet of things such as related tasks to public health, gathering correct and timely decisions by city policy-makers during the advent of air pollution critical conditions and reduction or prevention of it.</p>
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Silva, Mariana Devincentis, Maria Carla Queiroz Diniz Oliveira, Anita Drumond, and Luciana Varanda Rizz. "Air pollutants associated with surface meteorological conditions in São Paulo’s ABC region." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais 56, no. 3 (2021): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z21769478917.
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Air pollution is one the main environmental problems in urban areas like the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) in Brazil, where millions of inhabitants are exposed to pollution concentrations above the standards, with potential health impacts. Exposure is unequal throughout MASP, relying on the dynamics of local emission sources interplaying with weather and climate in a regional scale. The ABC region — ABC standing for Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo and São Caetano do Sul, the cities the area originally comprised of — is MASP’s largest industrial center, sitting in its southeast border, and encloses environmental protection areas. That leads to a unique emission profile that differ from the metropolis center. This study aims to characterize the variability of atmospheric pollutants in the ABC region in 2015, investigating possible sources and associations with surface meteorological conditions. Multivariate statistical analyses were applied to data from seven air quality monitoring stations and surface meteorological variables. Results show that São Bernardo do Campo stood out, with O3 concentrations 20% higher (43±19 µg.m-3) than the other sites, while São Caetano do Sul had the highest annual mean PM10 concentrations (39±19 µg.m-3), mostly related to vehicular emissions. Relative humidity was negatively correlated with primary pollutants, while temperature and radiation correlated with O3. Unusually high O3 concentrations were observed in January of 2015, concomitant with negative anomalies of precipitation and relative humidity, likely associated with the 2014/2015 summer drought event in Southeast Brazil. Overall, results show that local emission sources significantly impact air pollution loading and its diurnal variability, particularly in the case of primary pollutants. Climate modulates the seasonal concentration variability, and regional scale weather phenomena may impact air quality conditions. To reach concentration standards everywhere, policy makers must be aware of processes occurring in different spatial scales that determine air quality.
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Geger, Emiliya V., G. P. Zolotnikova, and V. A. Kaptsov. "METHODS OF EVALUATION OF SANITARY-ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF TERRITORIES." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 1338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-12-1338-1341.
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Introduction. On the basis of monitoring data for 2005-2017, the analysis of the ecological and hygienic situation in the territory of the Bryansk region was carried out and the integral index of pollution of territories was derived. Ranking of territories was carried out taking into account pollution of air, water, food by chemical and radioactive substances. Material and methods. Monitoring of environmental pollution, method of expert estimations, the coefficient of concordance, integral index of pollution. Results. The study identified anthropogenic pollutants of the areas, the most disadvantaged areas, and relatively clean areas. The degree of pollution of each territory was established on the basis of an integral index. The proposed method for ecological and hygienic ranking of territories allowed systematically assessing the state of the environment. Conclusion. According to the results of the research, it can be confirmed that the main sources of impact on the environment of the region are vehicles and construction enterprises, as well as the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. Risk assessment for public health was carried out taking into account the real risk of human exposure to ecotoxicants coming from all objects of the environment, using the method of expert assessments and an integral index assessing the total pollution and taking into account the level of pollution of air, water, food chemicals, and radioactive substances. New approaches to the ecological and hygienic characteristics of the territories can be recommended for a comprehensive assessment of the environment, the development of predictive assessments of the negative impact of man-made environmental pollution on public health, management of risk factors for the development of environmentally-dependent pathology in the population in areas with different levels of man-made pollution.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Condition monitoring and main air pollutants"
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Гонтаренко, Юрій Олександрович. "Мікроелектронна система моніторингу та аналізу стану забруднення атмосферного повітря." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/35119.
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Метою роботи є розробка системи поточного контролю температури, вологості, атмосферного тиску повітря на основі сучасної мікроелектронної компонентної бази, а також моніторингу та аналізу стану забруднення повітря в частині визначення концентрації летючих органічних сполук (TVOC) і еквівалентного рівня діоксиду вуглецю (eCO2). Дипломна робота орієнтована на поглиблене вивчення фізичних методів визначення вмісту найбільших забрудників повітря та передбачає аналіз сучасного стану ринку електронних первинних перетворювачів в названій сфері та контролерів для побудови систем моніторингу та аналізу.
В першому розділі дипломної роботи розглянуто нормативну базу в сфері отримання та аналізу інформації про поточний стан атмосферного повітря, проаналізовано відмінності в підходах до індексації якості повітря в Європі та Україні, визначено їх недоліки та переваги.
У другому розділі розглянуто методики визначення вмісту основних забрудників повітря та проведено аналіз структурних схем аналізаторів, розглянуто особливості їх ключових конструктивних елементів, проведено порівняння конструкції і архітектури, наведено окремі принципові схеми вимірювання.
В третьому розділі розглянуто сучасні типи мікроелектронних первинних перетворювачів фізичних параметрів атмосферного повітря, його хімічного складу та механічних забрудників. Проаналізовано технічні та метрологічні параметри сучасних сенсорних пристроїв з оглядом на відповідність сучасним вимогам, нормам, типам інтерфейсів. За результатами детального вивчення інформації у зазначених областях вибрано мікроелектронні сенсори з цифровим вихідним інтерфейсом для побудови мікроконтролерних системи моніторингу: - сенсор температури, вологості та атмосферного тиску BME 280;
- мікромеханічний сенсор абсолютного тиску моделі BMP180 (висоти над рівнем моря) з роздільною здатністю 6 кПа ( відповідає роздільній здатності за зміною висоти 0.5 м) в режимі ультра-низького споживання та 2 hPa кПа ( відповідає зміні висоти 0.17 м) в режимі прецизійного вимірювання;
- сенсор комплексного визначення якості повітря Adafruit CCS811 з можливістю визначення рівня летючих органічних сполук та ефективного рівня СО2 (CCS811 - Adafruit CCS811 Air Quality Sensor Breakout - VOC and eCO2) з додатковим вбудованим блоком прецизійного сенсора температури і вологості HDC1080.
Для проектування системи моніторингу використано контролер ARDUINO UNO. В роботі запропоновано структурну схему системи і наведено схему підключення кожного з компонентів. Також у третьому розділі розроблено програмний код у програмному середовищі Arduino IDE для підключення окремих компонентів системи моніторингу до мікроконтролера, проведено його налаштування.The work aim is an air quality system development for temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure monitoring based on modern microelectronic components, as well as for monitoring and analysis of air pollution in terms of volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and equivalent levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutant gases concentration determination. Thesis is focused on in-depth study of physical methods for determining the the largest air pollutants content, on the electronic sensors current state analysis in this area and controllers choice for monitoring and analysis systems design. The first section of the thesis considers the regulatory framework in the field of obtaining and analyzing information about the atmospheric air current state, analyzes the differences in approaches to air quality indexing in the both Europe and Ukraine, identifies their disadvantages and advantages. The second section considers the methods of the major air pollutants content determining and analyzes the structural schemes of analyzers, considers the features of their key structural elements, compares the design and architecture, provides some basic electronic circuits. The third section considers modern types of atmospheric air physical parameters microelectronic sensors, its chemical composition and mechanical pollutants. The modern sensor technical and metrological parameters are analyzed with regard to compliance with modern requirements, norms, types of interfaces. Based on the results of a detailed study of information in these areas, modern microelectronic sensors with a digital output interface were selected to build microcontroller monitoring systems: - BME280 temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure sensor; - micromechanical absolute pressure sensor model BMP180 (altitude) with a resolution of 6 kPa (corresponds to a change in altitude 0.5m) in the ultra-low consumption mode and 2 hPa kPa (corresponds to a change in altitude 0.17m) in the mode of precision measurement; - Adafruit CCS811 integrated air quality sensor with the ability to determine the level of volatile organic compounds and effective CO2 level (CCS811 - Adafruit CCS811 Air Quality Sensor Breakout - VOC and eCO2) with an additional built-in unit of precision temperature and humidity sensor HDC1080. The ARDUINO UNO controller was used to design the monitoring system. The structural scheme of the system is offered and the scheme of connection of each of components is resulted in the work. Also the program code in the Arduino IDE software environment for separate components of the monitoring system is developed, its adjustment is carried out.
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Слабишева, Марія Євгенівна. "Правові аспекти моніторингу рівня забруднення довкілля." Магістерська робота, 2021. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/5443.
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Слабишєва М. Є. Правові аспекти моніторингу рівня забруднення довкілля : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 101 "Екологія" / наук. керівник Н. М. Притула. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2021. 78 с.UA : У роботі 78 сторінок, 7 таблиць, 10 рисунків, було використано 59 літературних джерел, із них 8 іноземною мовою. Об’єктом дослідження є процес зміни стану атмосферного повітря, поверхневих вод та радіаційного забруднення м.Запоріжжя. Предметом дослідження є порівняння відповідностей даних, отриманих під час моніторингу, з законодавчо врегульованим. Методи досліджень: аналітичні, розрахункові, метематичні, статистичні, наукове моделювання. Метою кваліфікаційної роботи є: провести аналіз відповідності того, як проводиться моніторинг стану якості атмосферного повітря, поверхневих вод та радіаційного забруднення м. Запоріжжя з законодавчо регульованими нормами та зробити прогноз динаміки середньорічних концентрацій забруднення довкілля. Теоретично та експериментально визначено: сучасний стан поверхневих вод України дещо поліпшився в порівняні зі станом на кінець минулого сторіччя, в цілому ж проблема ще потребує вирішення. Багаторічний моніторинг якості атмосферного повітря свідчить про стабільно високе його забруднення як на межі санітарно-захисних зон, так і в житлових районах. Результати аналізу довели, що, не дивлячись на інтеграцію українського законодавства до Європейських стандартів та перехід до вимог Директив та Регламентів ЄС, що встановлюють загальні правила та стандарти, які повинні бути відображені у внутрішньодержавному праві, все ще спостерігаються значні відхілення від зазначених норм ГДК.
EN : In the work 78 pages, 7 tables, 10 pictures were used 59 literary sources, including 8in a foreign language. The object of the study is the process of changing the state of air, surface water and radiation pollution in Zaporozhye. The subject of the study is to compare the compliance of the data obtained during monitoring with the legislation. Research methods: analytical, computational, mathematical, statistical, scientific modeling. The purpose of the qualification work is to analyze the compliance of the monitoring of air quality, surface water and radiation pollution of Zaporozhye with legally regulated standards and to forecast the dynamics of average annual concentrations of environmental pollution. Theoretically and experimentally determined: The current state of surface waters of Ukraine has slightly improved compared to the end of the last century, but this is due to a decrease in production, in general, the problem still needs to be addressed. Long-term monitoring of air quality indicates a consistently high level of air pollution both at the border of sanitary protection zones and in residential areas. The results of the analysis showed that, despite the integration of Ukrainian legislation into European standards and the transition to the requirements of EU Directives and Regulations establishing general rules and standards to be reflected in domestic law, there are still significant deviations from these norms.
Books on the topic "Condition monitoring and main air pollutants"
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Suchara, Ivan. Mapping of main sources of pollutants and their transport in the Visegrad space: Report of the expert group on bio-monitoring the atmospheric deposition loads in the Visegrad countries, Project 11007-2006-IVF. Průhonice: KLEMO Zvolen, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Condition monitoring and main air pollutants"
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Yadav, Vibha, and Satyendra Nath. "Artificial Neural Networks Based Condition Monitoring of Air Pollutants for Allahabad Cities in India." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 423–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1532-3_19.
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Srinivasan, A. D., N. Jagadisha, and R. Rajagopala. "Plasma-Based Hybrid Technique for Abatement of Pollutants (NOx and CO) from Stationary Engine Exhaust-Effect of Loading Condition and Flow Rate." In Urban Air Quality Monitoring, Modelling and Human Exposure Assessment, 267–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5511-4_19.
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Dutta Roy, Abira, Munni Debnath Parial, and Kasturi Mukherjee. "Synergy Between Air Quality, Various Urban Forms, and Land Surface Temperature." In Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment, 576–609. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0369-0.ch024.
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This chapter studies spatio temporal trends of air quality, its relation with urban forms, and Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, the world's 55th most polluted city according to the World Health Organization. Air quality data were procured from 34 monitoring stations operated by West Bengal Pollution Control Board for 2005-18. Trend analysis showed declining NO2, SO2 values but a rise in PM10 concentration. Interpolation analysis showed high concentration of pollutants along the Hugli industrial belt, Dhulagarh, and Kolkata Municipal Corporation Area. Urban forms such as built-up density, distances from water bodies, parks, and bus stops demonstrated their reasonable influence on air pollution condition. LST generated from Landsat Thermal Infrared bands showed increase in temperature conditions from 2005-2018. Positive Correlation was identified between Land surface temperature and air pollution. Their relationship was assessed to have become stronger over the decades.
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Cruz Villares, Luiz. "Environmental Management and Data for the SDGs." In Ubiquitous Computing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97685.
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Ambient intelligence data is key for the global scope of climate, biodiversity, water, air pollution, and general environmental control. The account of carbon emissions, water and air pollutants, sea and freshwater life, and earth nature quality, are key for a healthy environment, in local or global concerns. Controlling initiatives and data management for the environment are part of sustainability strategies for governments, businesses, and entities in general. Such initiatives are increasingly connected to key mankind issues such as poverty, hunger, health, education, gender and equality, among others. Altogether, they are clearly addressed in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, to be met in 2030. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a relevant connection of environmental intelligence systems with public policies, research, international cooperation, and technology transfers. In a detailed analysis of their targets, they offer the stimulus for a vast array of technical applications linking sustainability issues with Ambient Intelligence technologies. The SDGs should be considered the benchmark for action towards a healthy environment given their global concern and interconnectivity of multiple issues related to a better quality of life. The SDGs should become, ultimately, the main driver for the spread of present and new technologies to promote better monitoring and control of the environment. The growth and advances of Ambient Intelligence technologies to new areas of knowledge should be enhanced by their connectivity with the SDGs.
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Tarasov, Vadym. "ON SUBJECT TO FORECAST CAUSAL FACTORS FOR SPONTANEOUS FIRES IN COAL MINES." In Integration of traditional and innovative scientific researches: global trends and regional aspect. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-001-8-2-11.
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Regulations for assessment of workable bed hazardous characteristics during the mining operations include the coal metamorphic grade classification indices borrowed from the industrial classifications without any proper scientific justification. For true forecasting the workable bed hazardous characteristics during the mining operations, the method to detect the metamorphic grades by changing the content of main components and moisture in the organic matter has been developed. Purpose. Development of the forecasting technique logical sequence for workable bed liability to spontaneous ignition in different stages of coal metamorphic conversion and their chemical activity during the mining operations. Methods. They are based on assumption of spontaneous fires with three blocks of factors independent of each other. The factors of block one describe the chemical activity of coals. They are defined by their elemental composition and properties at the different stages of bed metamorphic conversion. The second group of impacting factors characterizes the mining and geological conditions of bedding. It includes the coal beds position relative to each other, their occurrence depth, thickness and degree of inclination, presence of geological breaches and adjacent strata properties. The factors of block three is independently connected with the mining operation conditions. The forecasting technique for workable bed liability to spontaneous ignition avoids any stable correlation relationships between the factor parameters of three blocks under consideration. It allows separate consideration of each block and avoid their random correlations with factors of other blocks. Results. The statistical processing result analysis of more than 1000 coal samples with carbon content of 80÷94% has allowed establishing the relationship between the organic matter components and total moisture, as well as their share of participation in carbonization process that reflects the Donets Basin coal metamorphic conversions. Compliance of the initial data with analytical data of different coal deposits has been established. For the first time, the technique has been developed; and organic matter separate components and total moisture participation shares in coal carbonization process indices creation, which is one of evaluation criteria for workable bed metamorphic conversion degree for different deposits, have been established. The revealed regularities of change ambiguity for organic matter elemental composition components and their different participation shares together with the moisture in carbonization process have allowed establishing the distinctive features of the coal metamorphic conversion different stages for true forecasting the workable bed hazardous characteristics during the mining operations. In the course of this approach, the real chemical activity of coals is established by their elemental composition in different stages of bed metamorphic conversions; certain places of long-term contacts between the mine air and coal are differentially forecasted in the mine field. It enables the enhanced automated monitoring of mine air condition and revealing of spontaneous combustion places in early stages of their creation. Scientific novelty. The pattern of change for classification indices of coal industrial classification has been revealed to establish the workable bed hazardous characteristics during the mining operations. Practical relevance. Opportunity to improve the regulatory framework for safe processing of workable beds by establishing the interrelation between fossil coal metamorphic conversions and their elemental composition.
Conference papers on the topic "Condition monitoring and main air pollutants"
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Popova, M. "THE IMPACT OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EMISSIONS ON THE CONDITION OF TREE STANDS IN THE CITY OF VORONEZH." In Modern problems of animal and plant ecology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mpeapw2021_117-121.
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The sanitary and hygienic condition of tree stands exposed to increased anthropogenic load, namely, the impact of industrial chemical pollution in the urban environment, is evaluated. The difference in the forest pathological state of trees is explained by their age, proximity to emission sources, highways, residential buildings, as well as different degrees of resistance to chemical pollutants in urban areas. The main types exposed to industrial emissions affecting the condition of tree stands are identified, with subsequent distribution by condition categories. Five reference points are proposed for studying the effects of chemical air pollution on plant biota. The characteristic species composition of woody vegetation growing on the territory of the selected objects under study was determined, and the percentage of their occurrence was calculated. At the test sites located near the sources of emissions, a high percentage of individuals affected by spot or spot necrosis and having pathological signs of the trunk, water shoots, shrunken skeletal branches and tops were noted, in contrast to the plantings located in the so-called zone of moderate pollution and at the control point at the maximum distance from the sources of emissions. Individuals promising in monitoring of atmospheric air pollution have been identified.
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Sandoval Campos, Sebastian, Fabián A. Ballesteros Higuera, Sebastián Roa Prada, Claudia I. Cáceres Becerra, and Alfredo A. Díaz Claro. "Development of a Low-Cost Sensor Network for Community-Made Measurements of Air Pollution." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23994.
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Abstract The levels of pollution present in the air have been dramatically increasing over the years due to the continuous emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CO, NOx and H2S, among others. The main source of these emissions is from burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation. This represents a tremendous risk to the populations located near the emission sources where people get exposed to dangerous concentrations of such gases on a daily basis. The lack of open real-time monitoring tools makes people unaware of the damage these pollutants cause to their health. This research proposes the development and implementation of a low-cost independent solution to keep the members of a community informed about concentration levels of air pollution due to local emissions. This tool must be easily accessible to the users so that the data about the number of particulates per million of a specific gas within a zone of interest can be viewed at any time. The proposed solution consists of a sensor network, covering the widest possible area, with respect to the point of interest. The collected data is sent to a cloud server, which operates as storage center and in which the data can be latter accessed for subsequent analysis. The measurements are sent to the server by means of a wireless communication protocol, carried out by a General Packet Radio Service, GPRS, communication module connected to each station. In this way, the coverage of the network is not limited by issues such as the use of local area networks which at the same time facilitates the transportation and installation of the stations at any desired measurement site. Since each station can collect large amounts of data during a given period of time, it was necessary to implement techniques such as Big Data in order to extract important information and to identify patterns from the data such as the areas having the highest concentration of gases and possible correlations with other variables such as local weather conditions. This information could be used to support the making of decisions that benefit the communities impacted by air pollution, for example the early triggering of bad air quality alarms or the development of policies to regulate industry operation that can potentially impact the health of neighboring communities. A pilot case study was implemented in the city of Floridablanca, Colombia, to demonstrate the monitoring of the emissions of hydrogen sulfide of a big wastewater processing plant.
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Marques da Silva, Matheus, Constantin Kiesling, Christof Gumhold, Sven Warter, Andreas Wimmer, Stefan Schallmeiner, and Gunther Hager. "Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Engine Operating and Lubricant Oil Parameters on Sliding Bearing and Friction Behavior in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine." In ASME 2021 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2021-66874.
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Abstract In order to rise to global challenges such as climate change, environmental pollution and conservation of resources, internal combustion engine manufacturers must meet the requirements of substantially reduced emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, zero pollutant emissions and increased durability. This publication addresses approaches that can help improve engine efficiency and durability through the engine crankshaft bearing and lubricant system. An understanding of the operating behavior of key engine components such as crankshaft main bearings in fired engine operation allows the development of appropriate tools for bearing condition monitoring and condition-based maintenance so as to avoid critical engine operation and engine failure as well as unnecessary engine downtime. Such tools are especially important when newly developed low viscosity oils are employed. Though these oils have the potential to reduce friction and to increase engine efficiency, their use comes with a higher risk of accelerated bearing wear and ultimately bearing failure. The specific target of this paper is therefore to obtain detailed knowledge of the influence of engine operating parameters and oil parameters on crankshaft main bearing temperature behavior and engine friction behavior in fired operation as a starting point for condition monitoring and condition-based maintenance approaches and as a basis for improving the bearing and lubricant system as a whole. To achieve this target, experimental investigations were carried out on an engine test bed employing an in-line six-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine with a displacement of approximately 12.4 dm3. Defined and accurately reproducible engine operating conditions were ensured by comprehensive external conditioning systems for the coolant, lubricating oil, fuel, charge air and ambient air. Since the focus was on investigating the bearing and friction behavior by means of the base engine, several auxiliary systems were removed; these included the lubricating oil and coolant pumps, the front-end accessory drive and the generator. Each crankshaft main bearing was instrumented with a thermocouple on the back of its bottom bearing shell to measure the bearing temperature. Piezoelectric pressure transducers were applied to all six cylinders in order to facilitate the accurate determination of the friction mean effective pressure (FMEP) based on indicated and brake mean effective pressures. The variations in engine operating parameters (engine speed and torque) mainly serve as a reference for the variations in oil parameters. They confirm the existing knowledge that engine speed has a significant impact on FMEP and bearing temperature while the impact of engine torque is comparatively low. The variations in oil parameters reveal that lowering the viscosity grade from SAE 10W-40 to 5W-20 leads to a decrease in both bearing temperature and FMEP, which can be explained by the lower fluid friction in the bearing system and the increased mass flow and convective heat transport with the lower viscosity oil. An increase in the lubricating oil temperature at the engine inlet leads to a significant increase in bearing temperature and a decrease in FMEP; the former is explained by the increased heat influx from the lubricant oil, and the latter is caused mainly by the temperature dependency of the lubricant oil viscosity and its impact on fluid friction. The impact of engine oil inlet pressure on bearing temperature and FMEP is generally found to be low. The results will serve as the basis for future research that includes approaches to condition monitoring and evaluating improved engine operating strategies with regard to oil parameters.
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Mantelli, L., M. L. Ferrari, and A. Traverso. "Surge Prevention Techniques for a Turbocharged Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59264.
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Abstract Pressurized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems are one of the most promising technologies to achieve high energy conversion efficiencies and reduce pollutant emissions. The most common solution for pressurization is the integration with a micro gas turbine, a device capable of exploiting the residual energy of the exhaust gas to compress the fuel cell air intake and, at the same time, generating additional electrical power. The focus of this study is on an alternative layout, based on an automotive turbocharger, which has been more recently considered by the research community to improve cost effectiveness at small size (< 100 kW), despite reducing slightly the top achievable performance. Such turbocharged SOFC system poses two main challenges. On one side, the absence of an electrical generator does not allow the direct control of the rotational speed, which is determined by the power balance between turbine and compressor. On the other side, the presence of a large volume between compressor and turbine, due to the fuel cell stack, alters the dynamic behavior of the turbocharger during transients, increasing the risk of compressor surge. The pressure oscillations associated with such event are particularly detrimental for the system, because they could easily damage the materials of the fuel cells. The aim of this paper is to investigate different techniques to drive the operative point of the compressor far from the surge condition when needed, reducing the risks related to transients and increasing its reliability. By means of a system dynamic model, developed using the TRANSEO simulation tool by TPG, the effect of different anti-surge solutions is simulated: (i) intake air conditioning, (ii) water spray at compressor inlet, (iii) air bleed and recirculation, and (iv) installation of an ejector at the compressor intake. The pressurized fuel cell system is simulated with two different control strategies, i.e. constant fuel mass flow and constant turbine inlet temperature. Different solutions are evaluated based on surge margin behavior, both in the short and long terms, but also monitoring other relevant physical quantities of the system, such as compressor pressure ratio and turbocharger rotational speed.
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Ahanchian, Mohammad, and Jose Bienvenido Manuel Biona. "Monitoring Transportation, Air Pollution and Energy Demand in the Philippines Using LEAP." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64995.
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This research is conducted to assess the present situation of energy demand and emission of air pollutants from road transportation sector in the Philippines along with the future forecasting of the environmental impacts from transportation sector. According to the published reports of the Department of Energy of the Philippines, transportation have the most energy-intensive sector amongst the sectors, which will account for the largest share in the country’s final energy demand registering an average of 34.5 percent. Hence, the past trend of energy consumption and emissions are applied in order to predict the future pattern. In addition, a model of transportation system using computer based software called “Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP)” has been developed together with the associated Environmental Database (EDB) model. The framework of calculation utilized official transportation database, fuel consumption of certain vehicle type and corresponding emission of each vehicle type. The base scenario called as Business -As- Usual (BAU) is surveyed and other different alternative scenarios are presented and discussed. The model is run under the database of 2001 as the base year and extrapolated until 2030 to predict the impact of transportation. The main objective of this study is to achieve an optimal transportation policy which contributes in decline of energy demand as well as air pollution in the Philippines.
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Ovabor, K. O., and S. T. Apeh. "Real-Time Nitrogen Dioxide Pollutant Monitoring In Lagos State, Nigeria Using Wireless Sensor Networks." In 28th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Research Conference AIUWA The Gambia. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v28p7.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) find its application in various facets of life. Atmospheric contamination in the various elements of air leading to hazardous effects of global warming and acid rains can affect the well-being of a population. An air pollution monitoring system is therefore important to keep away from such adverse imbalance in nature. In the proposed paper, an attempt is made to develop a real time pollution monitoring using wireless sensor networks (WSN). This WSN will monitor the profile concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in a chosen location. With the rapid growth in the industries, which are the main sources of air pollutants, the problem of air pollution is becoming a serious concern for the health of the population. The concentration of one major air pollutant gases Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the air is sensed by the gas sensors. The sensor is properly calibrated as per the standard methods and the gas sensor is then incorporated with the wireless sensor motes using hierarchical cluster-based architecture.The node is expected to sense pollutants, convert, and process the magnitude of pollution to equivalent data output which is transmitted to the remote base station. The expected results would show data of the Nitrogen dioxide sensor for each location and graphical results. Research and suggestions have been offered by researchers for two decades and more on the increasing dangers of industrialization, population growth, influx of used vehicles popularly called ‘tokunbos’ as they pertain to the public health and adverse effects if not properly managed. The test findings of this work would show if the concentration of gaseous air pollutant like NO2 in a chosen location at a particular time poses a problem to humans and the environment. Keywords— Air pollution, Wireless sensor networks, Nitrogen dioxide, Environmental risk, public health, Hierarchical cluster-based architecture
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Klein, Levente J., Sergio A. Bermudez, Fernando J. Marianno, Hendrik F. Hamann, and Prabjit Singh. "Energy Efficiency and Air Quality Considerations in Airside Economized Data Centers." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48349.
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Many data center operators are considering the option to convert from mechanical to free air cooling to improve energy efficiency. The main advantage of free air cooling is the elimination of chiller and Air Conditioning Unit operation when outdoor temperature falls below the data center temperature setpoint. Accidental introduction of gaseous pollutants in the data center along the fresh air and potential latency in response of control infrastructure to extreme events are some of the main concerns for adopting outside air cooling in data centers. Recent developments of ultra-high sensitivity corrosion sensors enable the real time monitoring of air quality and thus allow a better understanding of how airflow, relative humidity, and temperature fluctuations affect corrosion rates. Both the sensitivity of sensors and wireless networks ability to detect and react rapidly to any contamination event make them reliable tools to prevent corrosion related failures. A feasibility study is presented for eight legacy data centers that are evaluated to implement free air cooling.
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Borguet, S., and O. Le´onard. "A Generalised Likelihood Ratio Test for Adaptive Gas Turbine Health Monitoring." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50117.
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Kalman filters are widely used in the turbine engine community for health monitoring purpose. This algorithm has proven its capability to track gradual deterioration with a good accuracy. On the other hand, its response to rapid deterioration is either a long delay in recognising the fault, and/or a spread of the estimated fault on several components. The main reason of this deficiency lies in the transition model of the parameters that is blended in the Kalman filter and assumes a smooth evolution of the engine condition. This contribution reports the development of an adaptive diagnosis tool that combines a Kalman filter and a secondary system that monitors the residuals. This auxiliary component implements a Generalised Likelihood Ratio Test in order to detect and estimate an abrupt fault. The enhancement in terms of accuracy and reactivity brought by this adaptive Kalman filter is highlighted for a variety of simulated fault cases that may be encountered on a commercial aircraft engine.
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Mathioudakis, K., and A. Tsalavoutas. "Effects of Anti-Icing System Operation on Gas Turbine Performance and Monitoring." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0211.
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The effect of operation of compressor bleed anti-icing on the performance of an industrial gas turbine is analysed. The effect of putting this system in operation is first qualitatively discussed, while the changes on various performance parameters are derived by using a computer engine performance model. The main point of the paper is the study of the effect of anti-icing system operation on parameters used for engine condition monitoring. It is shown that operation of the anti-icing system causes an apparent modification of such parameters, which may reduce the diagnostic ability of an on-line monitoring system and produce false alarms. It is shown that by incorporating the effect of anti-icing system operation into a diagnostic engine model, such problems can be avoided and the diagnostic ability of the system is not influenced by anti-icing activation. The analysis presented is substantiated through experimental data from a twin shaft gas turbine operating in the field.
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Huang, Dawen, Shanhua Tang, and Dengji Zhou. "A Nitrogen Oxides Emission Prediction Model for Gas Turbines Based on Interpretable Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15478.
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Abstract Gas turbines, an important energy conversion equipment, produce Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions, endangering human health and forming air pollution. With the increasingly stringent NOx emission standards, it is more significant to ascertain NOx emission characteristics to reduce pollutant emissions. Establishing an emission prediction model is an effective way for real-time and accurate monitoring of the NOx discharge amount. Based on the multi-layer perceptron neural networks, an interpretable emission prediction model with a monitorable middle layer is designed to monitor NOx emission by taking the ambient parameters and boundary parameters as the network inputs. The outlet temperature of the compressor is selected as the monitorable measuring parameters of the middle layer. The emission prediction model is trained by historical operation data under different working conditions. According to the errors between the predicted values and measured values of the middle layer and output layer, the weights of the emission prediction model are optimized by the back-propagation algorithm, and the optimal NOx emission prediction model is established for gas turbines under the various working conditions. Furthermore, the mechanism of predicting NOx emission value is explained based on known parameter influence laws between the input layer, middle layer and output layer, which helps to reveal the main measurement parameters affecting NOx emission value, adjust the model parameters and obtain more accurate prediction results. Compared with the traditional emission monitoring methods, the emission prediction model has higher accuracy and faster calculation efficiency and can obtain believable NOx emission prediction results for various operating conditions of gas turbines.
Reports on the topic "Condition monitoring and main air pollutants"
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Komppula, Birgitta, Tomi Karppinen, Henrik Virta, Anu-Maija Sundström, Iolanda Ialongo, Kaisa Korpi, Pia Anttila, Jatta Salmi, Johanna Tamminen, and Katja Lovén. Air quality in Finland according to air quality measurements and satellite observations. Finnish Meteorological Institute, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361409.
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In this report the current air quality in Finland has been assessed with air quality measurement data and satellite observations. The assessment of ambient air concentrations included following air impurities: NO2, NOx, PM10, PM2,5, SO2, CO, O3, benzo(a)pyrene, benzene, Pb, As, Cd ja Ni. For these pollutants air quality assessment thresholds are given in air quality legislation (2008/50/EY, 2004/107/EY). Assessment has been performed for air quality zones. The main data set included air quality measurements performed in Finland during 2015–2019. Satellite observations were used as an objective assessment tool in analysis of the spatial variation of NO2 and CO concentrations. Air quality measurements show that air quality has improved in Finland in many respects. Especially the need to monitor NO2 and PM10 with continuous measurements has decreased. Growing understanding of national benzo(a)pyrene concentrations has increased the monitoring needs. Efforts to decrease ozone levels still requires international actions. SO2, CO, benzene and heavy metal concentrations are on a low level in Finland outside industrial areas and other assessment methods than continuous monitoring can be used, and the number of continuous monitoring sites has already decreased. Satellite-based concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide as well as their spatial variation in Finland were analyzed using observations from the TROPOsperic Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). The analysis of CO over Finland was carried out for the first time in this project. Results show that overall annual CO concentrations over Finland are low and spatial variability is small. Also, NO2 concentrations over Finland are rather low, but spatial patterns are more clearly visible. The highest NO2 concentrations are observed over the largest cities. By establishing a relationship between ground-based and satellite total column concentrations, surface concentrations of NO2 and CO were estimated from the satellite data for the zones. The satellite-based estimate for annual NO2 surface concentration over Helsinki metropolitan area is 28 μg/m3, and for the rest of Finland mostly between 10–15 μg/m3. For CO the differences between monitoring areas are small, with estimates varying between 160–164 μg/m3 or in other words about 0,16 mg/m3.