Academic literature on the topic 'Condensing thermal power plants'
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Journal articles on the topic "Condensing thermal power plants"
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Milovanovic, Zdravko, and Svetlana Dumonjic-Milovanovic. "Reliability assessment of condensing thermal power plants." Tehnika 70, no. 1 (2015): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1501086m.
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Shevyrev, Sergey, Aleksandr Bogomolov, Ksenia Vershinina, Timur Valiullin, Geniy Kuznetsov, and Sergey Lyrshchikov. "Peculiarities of using slurry fuels in thermal power plants." Thermal Science 23, no. 3 Part B (2019): 2047–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180724023s.
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The study regards the issues of increasing the thermodynamic efficiency of a typical condensing thermal power plant using coal-water and organic coal-water fuels as the main source. The attention is paid to the use of the phase transition heat of the water vapor of the flue gas. We have shown that it is possible to increase the power plant efficiency by about 3.7% (gross) relative to the base value (in the case of using pulverized coal). We propose to use the flue-gas desulfurization technology for creating fuel slurries in which a liquid incombustible base will be replaced, for example, with aqueous solutions of Ca(OH)2. This will create a closed water cycle, improve the efficiency of Sox flue gas purification and improve the performance of scrubbers.
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Khavanov, Pavel Aleksandrovich, and Anatoliy Sergeevich Chulenyov. "Autonomous solar plants for heat supply." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 4 (April 20, 2022): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i4pp99-102.
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Energy saving in small-scale thermal power engineering is aimed at increasing the efficiency of using fossil energy carriers, electricity and, possibly, their wider replacement with alternative sources in the housing and communal complex. The practical use of solar installations, both photovoltaic and directly water heating, has found widespread use, at the same time, the peculiarities of the introduction of these installations are due to the climatic and technical conditions of their use. For countries located in climatic zones with relatively cold climates, the development of water heating installations is most rational when they are used seasonally. The relatively low potential of the coolant, the frequency of heat supply in these installations, associated with the seasonality of their operation, time of day and weather, necessitate a number of technical solutions using additional equipment in the form of thermal energy accumulators, heat pumps and other equipment, which in any case must be combined with a traditional source of thermal energy operating on fossil fuels or electricity, performing the functions of both an additional and emergency source of thermal energy. Reserving the capacity of alternative energy sources is most efficient and least energy-consuming to carry out with heat sources using gaseous or degasified fuel. The use of electricity for the purposes of heat supply, with small capital investments, requires significant installed capacities of the heat source with a low coefficient of efficiency for primary fuel. In order to achieve the highest efficiency of energy use, thermal schemes of autonomous heat supply installations for objects using modern condensing boilers of low power and, together with them, various heat storage devices, providing year-round operation of equipment at heat supply facilities, are considered.
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Khavanov, Pavel Aleksandrovich, and Anatoliy Sergeevich Chulenyov. "Autonomous solar plants for heat supply." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 4 (April 20, 2022): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i4pp99-102.
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Energy saving in small-scale thermal power engineering is aimed at increasing the efficiency of using fossil energy carriers, electricity and, possibly, their wider replacement with alternative sources in the housing and communal complex. The practical use of solar installations, both photovoltaic and directly water heating, has found widespread use, at the same time, the peculiarities of the introduction of these installations are due to the climatic and technical conditions of their use. For countries located in climatic zones with relatively cold climates, the development of water heating installations is most rational when they are used seasonally. The relatively low potential of the coolant, the frequency of heat supply in these installations, associated with the seasonality of their operation, time of day and weather, necessitate a number of technical solutions using additional equipment in the form of thermal energy accumulators, heat pumps and other equipment, which in any case must be combined with a traditional source of thermal energy operating on fossil fuels or electricity, performing the functions of both an additional and emergency source of thermal energy. Reserving the capacity of alternative energy sources is most efficient and least energy-consuming to carry out with heat sources using gaseous or degasified fuel. The use of electricity for the purposes of heat supply, with small capital investments, requires significant installed capacities of the heat source with a low coefficient of efficiency for primary fuel. In order to achieve the highest efficiency of energy use, thermal schemes of autonomous heat supply installations for objects using modern condensing boilers of low power and, together with them, various heat storage devices, providing year-round operation of equipment at heat supply facilities, are considered.
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Sardalov, R. B., A. A. Elmurzaev, M. V. Debiev, and A. V. Khabatov. "Prospects for the development of traditional and unconventional energy in the Chechen Republic." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-4-134-144.
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THE PURPOSE. To carry out an analysis of increasing the efficiency of energy development in the Chechen Republic. On the basis of the current structure of the power supply system of the Chechen Republic, provide indicators of the deficit of consumed electric power, as well as the generation of electricity in the republic. Consider the state of renewable energy sources in the republic and the prospects for the development of energy related to their implementation. METHODS. The analysis of the development of traditional energy, which is given close attention, is carried out, based on the experience of other subjects of Russia and foreign countries. The question of the application of the methodology for the effective development of regional energy is considered.RESULTS. A direction for the development of the energy sector of the Chechen Republic is proposed, which should inevitably be associated with thermal power plants using the most modern and efficient cycle today - steam-gas plants (CCGT), which is based on a gas turbine unit running on natural gas, being the only power plant that in the condensing mode of operation, it can supply electricity with an efficiency of more than 58%. The analysis of industrial power consumption of the largest operating and promising energy-intensive enterprises and facilities of the republic is carried out. CONCLUSION. The introduction of gas turbine plants in the centers of thermal and electrical loads helps to increase the economic efficiency of power plants. It is proposed to carry out fundamental and applied research in the field of renewable energy.
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Sardalov, R. B., A. A. Elmurzaev, M. V. Debiev, and A. V. Khabatov. "Prospects for the development of traditional and unconventional energy in the Chechen Republic." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-4-134-144.
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THE PURPOSE. To carry out an analysis of increasing the efficiency of energy development in the Chechen Republic. On the basis of the current structure of the power supply system of the Chechen Republic, provide indicators of the deficit of consumed electric power, as well as the generation of electricity in the republic. Consider the state of renewable energy sources in the republic and the prospects for the development of energy related to their implementation. METHODS. The analysis of the development of traditional energy, which is given close attention, is carried out, based on the experience of other subjects of Russia and foreign countries. The question of the application of the methodology for the effective development of regional energy is considered.RESULTS. A direction for the development of the energy sector of the Chechen Republic is proposed, which should inevitably be associated with thermal power plants using the most modern and efficient cycle today - steam-gas plants (CCGT), which is based on a gas turbine unit running on natural gas, being the only power plant that in the condensing mode of operation, it can supply electricity with an efficiency of more than 58%. The analysis of industrial power consumption of the largest operating and promising energy-intensive enterprises and facilities of the republic is carried out. CONCLUSION. The introduction of gas turbine plants in the centers of thermal and electrical loads helps to increase the economic efficiency of power plants. It is proposed to carry out fundamental and applied research in the field of renewable energy.
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Ziębik, Andrzej, and Paweł Gładysz. "Optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in the district heating system cooperating with thermal storage." Archives of Thermodynamics 32, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-011-0014-4.
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Optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in the district heating system cooperating with thermal storage The paper presents the results of optimizing the coefficient of the share of cogeneration expressed by an empirical formula dedicated to designers, which will allow to determine the optimal value of the share of cogeneration in contemporary cogeneration systems with the thermal storages feeding the district heating systems. This formula bases on the algorithm of the choice of the optimal coefficient of the share of cogeneration in district heating systems with the thermal storage, taking into account additional benefits concerning the promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration and the decrease of the cost of CO2 emission thanks to cogeneration. The approach presented in this paper may be applicable both in combined heat and power (CHP) plants with back-pressure turbines and extraction-condensing turbines.
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Anutoiu, Sorina, Ion Dosa, and Dan Codrut Petrilean. "Steam turbine efficiency assessment, first step towards sustainable electricity production." MATEC Web of Conferences 342 (2021): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134204007.
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The main objective of actual energy policies around the world is the transition to renewable energy. EIA forecasts nearly 50% increase in world energy usage by 2050, which is hard to achieve using only renewable energy. For year 2019 the electricity production in EU relies mainly on conventional thermal (42.8 %) and nuclear energy sources (26.7%). The accelerated transition to electrical cars puts more pressure on energy producers. As a result, in order to match the ever-growing demand of electrical energy, the conventional thermal energy generation will play a key role, among them coal-based production. In order to meet the environmental goals and for sustainable production of electrical power, energy assessment of power production of coal-based power plants must be performed. The purpose of this paper is to perform an energy assessment of the electrical power production, focusing on a key component of this, the steam turbine. The performance characteristics of the turbine in condensing operation were determined. A proper efficiency of the turbine will have a significant impact on sustainable production of electricity.
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Nafliu, Ion Marius, Alexandra Raluca Grosu (Miron), Hussam Nadum Abdalraheem Al-Ani, Paul Constantin Albu, Gavril Gheorghievici, and Mihaela Emanuela Craciun. "Neutralization with Simultaneously Separation of Aluminum Ions from Condensate Water through Cellulose Derivatives-Capillary Polypropylene Composite Membranes." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.2.5175.
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Environmental problems that arise from acidic water containing aluminum generated from condensing thermal power plants can be suitably solved using membrane processes. In this paper, simultaneous neutralization with aluminum ion separation, from acidic waters containing aluminum traces, through permeation with polypropylene with inclusions of cellulose derivatives (PP / CellD)capillary composite membranes is approached. Cellulose derivatives considered are: acetylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl 2 hydroxyethyl cellulose. The optimum working parameters for the best performance of composite membrane based on carboxymethylcellulose were determined: operating time and pH of the receiving phase. Simultaneously with the quantitative removal of the aluminum ions, it is obtained an almost neutral pH purified water, compatible with the natural waters in which it can be dispersed.
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Lakovic, Mirjana, Mladen Stojiljkovic, Slobodan Lakovic, Velimir Stefanovic, and Dejan Mitrovic. "Impact of the cold end operating conditions on energy efficiency of the steam power plants." Thermal Science 14, suppl. (2010): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100415066l.
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The conventional steam power plant working under the Rankine Cycle and the steam condenser as a heat sink and the steam boiler as a heat source have the same importance for the power plant operating process. Energy efficiency of the coal fired power plant strongly depends on its turbine-condenser system operation mode. For the given thermal power plant configuration, cooling water temperature or/and flow rate change generate alterations in the condenser pressure. Those changes have great influence on the energy efficiency of the plant. This paper focuses on the influence of the cooling water temperature and flow rate on the condenser performance, and thus on the specific heat rate of the coal fired plant and its energy efficiency. Reference plant is working under turbine-follow mode with an open cycle cooling system. Analysis is done using thermodynamic theory, in order to define heat load dependence on the cooling water temperature and flow rate. Having these correlations, for given cooling water temperature it is possible to determine optimal flow rate of the cooling water in order to achieve an optimal condensing pressure, and thus, optimal energy efficiency of the plant. Obtained results could be used as useful guidelines in improving existing power plants performances and also in design of the new power plants. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/TSCI151102198E">10.2298/TSCI151102198E</a><u></b></font>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Condensing thermal power plants"
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Уберман, В. І., and Людмила Антонівна Васьковець. "Дослідження інженерно-екологічного статусу водойм-охолодників теплових електростанцій." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39317.
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Досліджується проблема визначення еколого-правового статусу руслових водойм-охолодників конденсаційних теплових електростанцій України, яка виникає при державному обліку водопостачання. На прикладі судової інженерно-екологічної експертизи в адміністративній справі встановлено статус Добротвірського водосховища. Доведено, що інші подібні руслові водосховища-охолодники є елементами систем оборотного водопостачання теплових електростанцій.The problem of determination of the environmental and legal status of riverbed water reservoirs-coolers of large condensing thermal power plants of Ukraine, which arises in the state accounting of industrial water supply, is considered. On the example of the engineering and environmental forensic in the administrative case the status of the Dobrotvir reservoir is established. It is proved that other similar riverbed water reservoirs-coolers are elements of systems of circulating water supply of thermal power plants.
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Cottam, P. J. "Innovation in solar thermal chimney power plants." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10045417/.
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This thesis analyses novel technology for renewable electricity generation: the solar thermal chimney (STC) power plant and the suspended chimney (SC) as a plant component. The STC consists of a solar collector, a tall chimney located at the centre of the collector, and turbines and generators at the base of the chimney. Air heated in the collector rises up the chimney under buoyancy and generates power in the turbines. STCs have the potential to generate large amounts of power, but research is required to improve their economic viability. A state-of-the-art STC model was developed, focussing on accurate simulation of collector thermodynamics, and providing data on flow characteristics and plant performance. It was used to explore power generation for matched component dimensions, where for given chimney heights, a range of chimney and collector radii were investigated. Matched dimensions are driven by the collector thermal components approaching thermal equilibrium. This analysis was complemented with a simple cost model to identify the most cost-effective STC configurations. The collector canopy is an exceptionally large structure. Many of the designs proposed in the literature are either complex to manufacture or limit performance. This thesis presents and analyses a series of novel canopy profiles which are easier to manufacture and can be incorporated with little loss in performance. STC chimneys are exceptionally tall slender structures and supporting their self-weight is difficult. This thesis proposes to re-design the chimney as a fabric structure, held aloft with lighter-than-air gas. The performance of initial, small scale suspended chimney prototypes under lateral loading was investigated experimentally to assess the response to wind loads. A novel method of stiffening is proposed and design of larger prototypes developed. The economic viability of a commercial-scale suspended chimney was investigated, yielding cost reductions compared to conventional chimney designs.
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Assémat, Céline. "Management of thermal power plants through use values." Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175811.
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Electricity is an essential good, which can hardly be replaced. It can be produced thanks to a wide rangeof sources, from coal to nuclear, not to mention renewables such as wind and solar. In order to meetdemand at the lowest cost, an optimisation is made on electricity markets between the differentproduction plants. This optimisation mainly relies on the electricity production cost of each technology.In order to include long-term constraints in the short-term optimisation, a so-called use value (oropportunity cost) can be computed and added to the production cost. One long-term constraint thatEDF, the main French electricity producer, is facing is that its gas plants cannot exceed a given numberof operation hours and starts between two maintenances. A specific software, DiMOI, computes usevalues for this double constraint but its parameters needs to be tested in order to improve thecomputation, as it is not thought to work properly.DiMOI relies on dynamic programming and more particularly on an algorithm called Bellman algorithm.The software has been tested with EDF R&D department in order to propose some modellingimprovements. Electricity and gas market prices, together with real plant parameters such as startingcosts, operating costs and yields, were used as inputs for this work, and the results were checkedagainst reality.This study gave some results but they appeared to be invalid. Indeed, an optimisation problem wasdiscovered in DiMOI computing core: on a deterministic context, a study with little degrees of freedomwas giving better profits than a study with more degrees of freedom. This problem origin was notfound precisely with a first investigation, and the R&D team expected the fixing time to be very long.The adaptation of a simpler tool (MaStock) was proposed and made in order to replace DiMOI. Thisproject has thus led to DiMOI giving up and its replacement by MaStock. Time was missing to testcorrectly this tool, and the first study which was made was not completely positive. Further studiesshould be carried out, for instance deterministic ones (using real past data) whose results could becompared to reality.Some complementary studies were made from a fictitious system, in order to study the impact of someparameters when computing use values and operations schedules. The conclusions of these studiesare the little impacts that changes in gas prices and start-up costs parameters have on the global resultsand the importance of an accurate choice in the time periods durations used for the computations.Unfortunately these conclusions might be too specific as they were made on short study periods.Further case studies should be done in order to reach more general conclusions.
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Rizea, Steven Emanoel. "Optimization of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Power Plants." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5462.
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A proprietary Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) modeling tool, the Makai OTEC Thermodynamic and Economic Model (MOTEM), is leveraged to evaluate the accuracy of finite-time thermodynamic OTEC optimization methods. MOTEM is a full OTEC system simulator capable of evaluating the effects of variation in heat exchanger operating temperatures and seawater flow rates. The evaluation is based on a comparison of the net power output of an OTEC plant with a fixed configuration. Select optimization methods from the literature are shown to produce between 93% and 99% of the maximum possible amount of power, depending on the selection of heat exchanger performance curves. OTEC optimization is found to be dependent on the performance characteristics of the evaporator and condenser used in the plant. Optimization algorithms in the literature do not take heat exchanger performance variation into account, which causes a discrepancy between their predictions and those calculated with MOTEM. A new characteristic metric of OTEC optimization, the ratio of evaporator and condenser overall heat transfer coefficients, is found. The heat transfer ratio is constant for all plant configurations in which the seawater flow rate is optimized for any particular evaporator and condenser operating temperatures. The existence of this ratio implies that a solution for the ideal heat exchanger operating temperatures could be computed based on the ratio of heat exchanger performance curves, and additional research is recommended.ID: 031001365; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Marcel Ilie.; Title from PDF title page (viewed May 8, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78).
M.S.M.E.
Masters
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering; Mechanical Systems
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Rahmqvist, Elin. "On stochastic unit commitment for thermal power plants." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-285519.
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Climate change is a fact, a crisis threatening every country, economy and human. Toprevent this crisis, the emission of greenhouse gases needs to decrease dramatically. 72%of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2016 came from energy production where electricityand heat account for 42% of the 72%. Nevertheless, coal power grew with 28% in2018 to meet the increased demand of electricity. It is therefore of utmost importancethat the resources used in power plants are distributed as efficiently as possible. Unitcommitment is a short-term planning formulation which is part of the planning chain forproduction of electrical energy. An accurate unit commitment can decrease emissionsand costs.The aim of this study is to implement a model for the stochastic behavior of the electricalload into unit commitment. With this, it shall be evaluated, whether this solutionis robust enough for usage in network control. The evaluation needs to assess the reliability,economic impact and the computational e↵ort for solving the stochastic unitcommitment problem.A test system has been created in MATLAB to evaluate the stochastic versus deterministicunit commitment formulation. Scenarios for the stochastic unit commitmenthave been generated by using a stationary, discrete-time Markov Chain to generate loadforecast errors. The Fast Forward Selection method has been used to reduce number ofscenarios to minimize computational e↵ort. The quality of the solution has then beenevaluated with value of the stochastic solution for economic analysis. Loss of load probabilityand energy not served have been used to evaluate the reliability.A stochastic approach gives a more robust solution but can be more expensive in termsof costs. Five scenarios were the optimal choice for the stochastic unit commitmentformulation. Increasing number of scenarios did not improve the reliability and resultedin a more expensive solution. The conclusion of this work can be contradictory but highlightsone of the challenges in electric power systems. A more robust system is usuallymore costly and therefore the players in the system must decide what is most desirablein this particular system. A more reliable but expensive system or a less reliable andless costly system.Klimatförändringarna är ett faktum, en kris som hotar varje land, ekonomi och människa.För att förebygga denna kris måste utsläppen av växthusgaser minska dramatiskt. 72 % av de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser år 2016 kom från energiproduktion där värme och elektricitet stod för 42 % av dessa utsläpp. Trots detta växte kolkraften med 28% år 2018 för att kunna möta den ökande efterfrågan på elektricitet. Det är därför av yttersta vikt att dessa resurser används på ett så e↵ektivt sätt som möjligt. En bra och exakt korttidsplanering av kraftsystem kan minska utsläppen och kostnaderna.Målet med denna studie är att implementera stokastisk last i korttidsplaneringen för ett mindre elkraftsystem med 11 enheter. Detta kräver en robust metod som begränsar beräkningstiden för att säkerställa kontinuerlig och säker drift av elkraftsystemet. Analysen måste utvärdera tillförlitligheten, ekonomiska e↵ekterna och beräkningstiden för att lösa det stokastiska korttidsplaneringsproblemet.Ett testsystem har skapats i MATLAB för att utvärdera den stokastiska kontra deterministiska korttidsplaneringsproblemet. Scenarier för det stokastiska korttidsplaneringen har genererats genom att använda en stationär Markov-kedja för att generera felen i lastprognosen och sedan använda Fast Forward Selection metoden för att minska antalet scenarier för att minimera beräkningsinsatsen. Stokastisk korttidsplanering har sedan utvärderats med värdet av den stokastiska lösningen för ekonomisk analys. Sannolikheten för bortkoppling av last samt icke levererad energi har beräknats för att utvärdera tillförlitligheten.En stokastisk metod ger en mer robust lösning men kan vara dyrare vad gäller kostnader. Fem scenarier var det optimala valet för den stokastiska korttidsplaneringsformuleringen. Ö kande av antal scenarier förbättrade inte tillförlitligheten och resulterade i en dyrare lösning. Slutsatsen i detta arbete kan kännas motsägelsefullt då den deterministiska metoden visar på lägre kostnader medans den stokastiska är mer robust. Detta belyser en av utmaningarna i elkraftsystem. Ett mer robust system är vanligtvis dyrare och därför måste aktörerna i systemet bestämma vad som är mest önskvärt i det specifika systemet. Ett mer tillförlitligt men dyrare system eller ett mindre pålitligt och billigaresystem.
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Rennie, Eleanor Jane. "Thermal performance of power station cooling towers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335762.
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Allen, Kenneth Guy. "Rock bed thermal storage for concentrating solar power plants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86521.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Concentrating solar power plants are a promising means of generating electricity. However, they are dependent on the sun as a source of energy, and require thermal storage to supply power on demand. At present thermal storage – usually molten salt – although functional, is expensive, and a cheaper solution is desired. It is proposed that sensible heat storage in a packed bed of rock, with air as heat transfer medium, is suitable at temperatures of 500 – 600 °C. To determine if this concept is technically feasible and economically competitive with existing storage, rock properties, packed bed pressure drop and thermal characteristics must be understood. This work addresses these topics. No previously published data is available on thermal cycling resistance of South African rock, and there is limited data from other countries in the proposed temperature range for long-term thermal cycling, so samples were thermally cycled. There is rock which is suitable for thermal storage applications at temperatures of 500 – 600 °C. New maps of South Africa showing where potentially suitable rock is available were produced. Dolerite, found extensively in the Karoo, is particularly suitable. Friction factors were measured for beds of different particles to determine the importance of roughness, shape, and packing arrangement. Five sets of rock were also tested, giving a combined dataset broader than published in any previous study. Limitations of existing correlations are shown. The friction factor is highly dependent on particle shape and, in the case of asymmetric particles, packing method. The friction factor varied by up to 70 % for crushed rock depending on the direction in which it was poured into the test section, probably caused by the orientation of the asymmetric rock relative to the air flow direction. This has not been reported before for rock beds. New isothermal correlations using the volume equivalent particle diameter are given: they are within 15 % of the measurements. This work will allow a techno-economic evaluation of crushed rock beds using more accurate predictions of pumping power than could previously be made. Thermal tests below 80 °C show that bed heat transfer is insensitive to particle shape or type. A heat transfer correlation for air in terms of the volume equivalent diameter was formulated and combined with the E-NTU method. The predicted bed outlet temperatures are within 5 °C of the measurements for tests at 530 °C, showing that the influence of thermal conduction and radiation can be reasonably negligible for a single charge/discharge cycle at mass fluxes around 0.2 kg/m2s. A novel method for finding the optimum particle size and bed length is given: The Biot number is fixed, and the net income (income less bed cost) from a steam cycle supplied by heat from the bed is calculated. A simplified calculation using the method shows that the optimum particle size is approximately 20 mm for bed lengths of 6 – 7 m. Depending on the containment design and cost, the capital cost could be an order of magnitude lower than a nitrate salt system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gekonsentreerde son-energie kragstasies is n belowende manier om elektrisiteit op te wek, maar hulle is afhanklik van die son as n bron van energie. Om drywing op aanvraag te voorsien moet hulle energie stoor. Tans is termiese stoor – gewoonlik gesmelte sout – hoewel funksioneel, duur, en n goedkoper oplossing word gesoek. Daar word voorgestel dat stoor van voelbare warmte-energie in n gepakte rotsbed met lug as warmteoordrag medium geskik is by temperature van 500 – 600 °C. Om te bepaal of dié konsep tegnies gangbaar en ekonomies mededingend met bestaande stoorstelsels is, moet rotseienskappe, gepakte bed drukval en hitteoordrag verstaan word. Hierdie werk spreek hierdie aspekte aan. Geen voorheen gepubliseerde data is beskikbaar oor die termiese siklus weerstand van Suid-Afrikaanse rots nie, en daar is beperkte data van ander lande in die voorgestelde temperatuurbereik, dus is monsters onderwerp aan termiese siklusse. Daar bestaan rots wat geskik is vir termiese stoor toepassings by temperature van 500 – 600 °C. Nuwe kaarte van Suid-Afrika is opgestel om te wys waar potensieel geskikte rots beskikbaar is. Doleriet, wat wyd in die Karoo voor kom, blyk om veral geskik te wees. Wrywingsfaktore is gemeet vir beddens van verskillende partikels om die belangrikheid van grofheid, vorm en pak-rangskikking te bepaal. Vyf rotsstelle is ook getoets, wat n saamgestelde datastel gee wyer as in enige gepubliseerde studie. Beperkings van bestaande korrelasies word aangetoon. Die wrywingsfaktor is hoogs sensitief vir partikelvorm en, in die geval van asimmetriese partikels, pakkings metode. Die wrywingsfaktor het met tot 70 % gevarieer vir gebreekte rots, afhanklik van die rigting waarin dit in die toetsseksie neergelê is. Dit is waarskynlik veroorsaak deur die oriëntasie van die asimmetriese rots relatief tot die lugvloei rigting, en is nie voorheen vir rotsbeddens gerapporteer nie. Nuwe isotermiese korrelasies wat gebruik maak van die volume-ekwivalente partikel deursnee word gegee: hulle voorspel binne 15 % van die gemete waardes. Hierdie werk sal n tegno-ekonomiese studie van rotsbeddens toelaat wat meer akkurate voorspellings van pompdrywing gebruik as voorheen moontlik was. Termiese toetse onder 80 °C wys dat die warmteoordrag nie baie sensitief is vir partikelvorm en -tipe nie. n Warmte-oordragskorrelasie vir lug in terme van die volume-ekwivalente deursnee is ontwikkel en met die E-NTU-metode gekombineer. Die voorspelde lug uitlaat temperatuur is binne 5 °C van die meting vir toetse by 530 °C. Dit wys dat termiese geleiding en straling redelikerwys buite rekening gelaat kan word vir n enkele laai/ontlaai siklus by massa vloeitempos van omtrent 0.2 kg/m2s. n Oorspronklike metode vir die bepaling van die optimum partikelgrootte en bedlengte word gegee: Die Biot-getal is vas, en die netto inkomste (die inkomste minus die bed omkoste) van n stoomsiklus voorsien met warmte van die bed word bereken. n Vereenvoudigde berekening wat die metode gebruik wys dat die optimum grootte en lengte ongeveer 20 mm en 6-7 m is. Afhangende van die behoueringsontwerp en koste, kan die kapitale koste n orde kleiner wees as dié van n gesmelte nitraatsout stelsel
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El, Khaja Ragheb Mohamad Fawaz. "Solar-thermal hybridization of Advanced Zero Emissions Power Plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74434.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-44).
Carbon Dioxide emissions from power production are believed to have significant contributions to the greenhouse effect and global warming. Alternative energy resources, such as solar radiation, may help abate emissions but suffer from high costs of power production and temporal variations. On the other hand, Carbon Capture and Sequestration allows the continued use of fossil fuels without the CO2 emissions but it comes at an energetic penalty. The Advanced Zero Emissions Plant (AZEP) minimizes this energy loss by making use of Ion Transport Membrane (ITM)-based oxy-combustion to reduce the cost of carbon dioxide separation. This work seeks to assess if there are any thermodynamic gains from hybridizing solar-thermal energy with AZEP. The particular focus is hybridizing of the bottoming cycle with supplemental solar heating. A simple model of parabolic solar trough was used to hybridize a model of the AZEP cycle in ASPEN Plus*. Two cycle configurations are studied: the first uses solar parabolic troughs to indirectly vaporize high pressure steam through Therminol and the second uses parabolic troughs to directly preheat the high pressure water stream prior to vaporization. Simulations of the solar vaporizer hybrid by varying the total area of collectors (holding fuel input constant) show an increase of net electric output from 439MW for the non-hybridized AZEP to 533MW with an input solar share of 38.8%. The incremental solar efficiency is found to be around 16% for solar shares of input ranging from 5% to 38.8%. Moreover, simulations of variable solar insolation for collector area of 550,000 m2 , show that incremental solar efficiency increased with solar insolation reaching a plateau around 17%. Simulations of the direct solar preheater, show a net electric output of 501.3 MW for a solar share of 35%, (an incremental solar efficiency of 13.73%). The power generation and hence incremental efficiency is lower than in hybridization with steam vaporization with the same input solar share. Synergy analysis for the steam vaporization hybrid indicates no thermodynamic gains from hybridization.
by Ragheb Mohamad Fawaz El Khaja.
S.B.
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Allen, Kenneth Guy. "Performance characteristics of packed bed thermal energy storage for solar thermal power plants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4329.
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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Solar energy is by far the greatest energy resource available to generate power. One of the difficulties of using solar energy is that it is not available 24 hours per day - some form of storage is required if electricity generation at night or during cloudy periods is necessary. If a combined cycle power plant is used to obtain higher efficiencies, and reduce the cost of electricity, storage will allow the secondary cycle to operate independently of the primary cycle. This study focuses on the use of packed beds of rock or slag, with air as a heat transfer medium, to store thermal energy in a solar thermal power plant at temperatures sufficiently high for a Rankine steam cycle. Experimental tests were done in a packed bed test section to determine the validity of existing equations and models for predicting the pressure drop and fluid temperatures during charging and discharging. Three different sets of rocks were tested, and the average size, specific heat capacity and density of each set were measured. Rock and slag samples were also thermally cycled between average temperatures of 30 ºC and 510 ºC in an oven. The classical pressure drop equation significantly under-predicts the pressure drop at particle Reynolds numbers lower than 3500. It appears that the pressure drop through a packed bed is proportional to the 1.8th power of the air flow speed at particle Reynolds numbers above about 500. The Effectiveness-NTU model combined with a variety of heat transfer correlations is able to predict the air temperature trend over the bed within 15 % of the measured temperature drop over the packed bed. Dolerite and granite rocks were also thermally cycled 125 times in an oven without breaking apart, and may be suitable for use as thermal storage media at temperatures of approximately 500 ºC. The required volume of a packed bed of 0.1 m particles to store the thermal energy from the exhaust of a 100 MWe gas turbine operating for 8 hours is predicted to be 24 × 103 m3, which should be sufficient to run a 25-30 MWe steam cycle for over 10 hours. This storage volume is of a similar magnitude to existing molten salt thermal storage.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sonenergie is die grootste energiebron wat gebruik kan word vir krag opwekking. ‘n Probleem met die gebruik van sonenergie is dat die son nie 24 uur per dag skyn nie. Dit is dus nodig om die energie te stoor indien dit nodig sal wees om elektrisiteit te genereer wanneer die son nie skyn nie. ‘n Gekombineerde kringloop kan gebruik word om ‘n hoër benuttingsgraad te bereik en elektrisiteit goedkoper te maak. Dit sal dan moontlik wees om die termiese energie uit die primêre kringloop te stoor, wat die sekondêre kringloop onafhanklik van die primêre kringloop sal maak. Dié gevalle studie ondersoek die gebruik van ‘n slakof- klipbed met lug as hitteoordragmedium, om te bepaal of dit moontlik is om hitte te stoor teen ‘n temperatuur wat hoog genoeg is om ‘n Rankine stoom kringloop te bedryf. Eksperimentele toetse is in ‘n toets-bed gedoen en die drukverandering oor die bed en die lug temperatuur is gemeet en vergelyk met voorspelde waardes van vergelykings en modelle in die literatuur. Drie soorte klippe was getoets. Die gemiddelde grootte, spesifieke hitte-kapasiteit en digtheid van elke soort klip is gemeet. Klip en slak monsters is ook siklies tussen temperature van 30 ºC en 510 ºC verkoel en verhit. Die klassieke drukverlies vergelyking gee laer waardes as wat gemeet is vir Reynolds nommers minder as 3500. Dit blyk dat die drukverlies deur ‘n klipbed afhanklik is van die lug vloeispoed tot die mag 1.8 as die Reynolds nommer groter as omtrent 500 is. Die ‘Effectiveness-NTU’ model gekombineerd met ‘n verskeidenheid van hitteoordragskoeffisiënte voorspel temperature binne 15 % van die gemete temperatuur verskil oor die bed. Doloriet en graniet klippe het 125 sikliese toetse ondergaan sonder om te breek, en is miskien gepas vir gebruik in ‘n klipbed by temperature van sowat 500 ºC Die voorspelde volume van ‘n klipbed wat uit 0.1 m klippe bestaan wat die termiese energie vir 8 ure uit die uitlaat van ‘n 100 MWe gasturbiene kan stoor, is 24 × 103 m3. Dit behoort genoeg te wees om ‘n 25 – 30 MWe stoom kringloop vir ten minste 10 ure te bedryf. Die volume is min of meer gelyk aan dié van gesmelte sout store wat alreeds gebou is.
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Darwish, Mazen. "Modular Hybridization of Solar Thermal Power Plants For Developing Nations." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104456.
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The current energy scenario in the developing nations with abundant sun resource (e.g. southern Mediterranean countries of Europe, Middle-East & North Africa) relies mainly on fossil fuels to supply the increasing energy demand. Although this long adopted pattern ensures electricity availability on demand at all times through the least cost proven technology, it is highly unsustainable due to its drastic impacts on depletion of resources, environmental emissions and electricity prices. Solar thermal Hybrid power plants among all other renewable energy technologies have the potential of replacing the central utility model of conventional power plants, the understood integration of solar thermal technologies into existing conventional power plants shows the opportunity of combining low cost reliable power and Carbon emission reduction. A literature review on the current concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies and their suitability for integration into conventional power cycles was concluded, the best option was found be in the so called Integrated solar combined cycle systems (ISCCS); the plant is built and operated like a normal combined cycle, with a solar circuit consisting of central tower receiver and heliostat field adding heat to the bottoming Rankine cycle. A complete model of the cycle was developed in TRNSYS simulation software and Matlab environment, yearly satellite solar insolation data was used to study the effect of integrating solar power to the cycle throw-out the year. A multi objective thermo economic optimization analysis was conducted in order to identify a set of optimum design options. The optimization has shown that the efficiency of the combined cycle can be increased resulting in a Levelized electricity cost in the range of 10 -14 USDcts /Kwhe. The limit of annual solar share realized was found to be around 7 % The results of the study indicate that ISCCS offers advantages of higher efficiency, low cost reliable power and on the same time sends a green message by reducing the environmental impacts in our existing power plant systems.
Books on the topic "Condensing thermal power plants"
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Liu, Xingrang, and Ramesh Bansal. Thermal Power Plants. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2016.: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371467.
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Casal, Federico G. Solar Thermal Power Plants. Edited by Paul Kesselring and Carl-Jochen Winter. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52281-9.
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Valdma, Mati. Optimization of thermal power plants operation. Tallinn: TUT Press, 2009.
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Chmielniak, Tadeusz. Diagnostics of new-generation thermal power plants. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo IMP PAN, 2008.
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Dalal, G. G. Eco-friendly technology for thermal power plants. New Delhi: Central Borad of Irrigation and Power, 2002.
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Kesselring, Paul, and Clifford S. Selvage, eds. The IEA/SSPS Solar Thermal Power Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82680-1.
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Kesselring, Paul, and Clifford S. Selvage, eds. The IEA/SSPS Solar Thermal Power Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82682-5.
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Andrew, Trenka, ed. Ocean thermal energy conversion. Chichester: Wiley, 1996.
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Takahashi, Patrick K. Ocean thermal energy conversion. New York: John Wiley, 1996.
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Subramanian, S. A. Thermal power generation, an overview: Lectures & papers. New Delhi: Research Scheme on Power, Central Board of Irrigation and Power, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Condensing thermal power plants"
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Becker, M., and L. L. Vant-Hull. "Thermal Receivers." In Solar Power Plants, 163–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61245-9_5.
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Liu, Xingrang, and Ramesh Bansal. "Internet-Supported Coal-Fired Power Plant Boiler Combustion Optimization Platform." In Thermal Power Plants, 275–84. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2016.: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371467-15.
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Kesselring, P., and C. J. Winter. "Solar Thermal Power Plants." In Solar Thermal Central Receiver Systems, 3–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82910-9_1.
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Grasse, W., H. P. Hertlein, C. J. Winter, and G. W. Braun. "Thermal Solar Power Plants Experience." In Solar Power Plants, 215–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61245-9_7.
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Zohuri, Bahman, and Nima Fathi. "Nuclear Power Plants." In Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Nuclear Reactors, 489–523. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17434-1_19.
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Zohuri, Bahman. "Nuclear Power Plants." In Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Nuclear Reactors, 649–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53829-7_20.
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Geyer, M. A. "Thermal Storage for Solar Power Plants." In Solar Power Plants, 199–214. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61245-9_6.
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Casal, Federico G. "Introduction." In Solar Thermal Power Plants, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52281-9_1.
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Casal, Federico G. "Description of the SSPS Site." In Solar Thermal Power Plants, 5–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52281-9_2.
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Casal, Federico G. "The Central Receiver System." In Solar Thermal Power Plants, 11–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52281-9_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Condensing thermal power plants"
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Levy, Edward, Harun Bilirgen, Joshua Charles, and Mark Ness. "Use of Condensing Heat Exchangers in Coal-Fired Power Plants to Recover Flue Gas Moisture and Capture Air Toxics." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98261.
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Heat exchangers, which cool boiler flue gas to temperatures below the water vapor dew point, can be used to capture moisture from flue gas and reduce external water consumption for power plant operations. At the same time, thermal energy removed from the flue gas can be used to improve unit heat rate. Recent data also show that emissions of air toxics from flue gas would be reduced by use of condensing heat exchangers. This paper describes results from a slip stream test of a water cooled condensing heat exchanger system at a power plant with a lignite-fired boiler. The flue gas which flowed through the heat exchangers had been extracted from a duct downstream of the electrostatic precipitator. Measurements were made of flue gas and cooling water temperatures, flue gas water vapor concentrations, and concentrations of elemental and oxidized Hg at the inlet and exit of the heat exchanger system. Condensed water was also collected and analyzed for concentrations of H2SO4 and HCl. Results on the effects of the condensing heat exchanger operating conditions on oxidation and capture of Hg and on the capture of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids are described.
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Beck, Earl J. "The Ocean Thermal Gradient Hydraulic Power Plant and Its Scope." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37285.
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Heretofore, the concept of developing power from the tropical oceans, (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, or OTEC) has assumed the mooring of large platforms holding the plants in deep water to secure the coldest possible condensing water. As the Ocean Thermal Gradient Hydraulic Power Plant (OTGHPP) does not depend, on the expansion of a working fluid, other than forming a foam of steam bubbles. It does not need extremely cold water as would be dictated by Carnot’s concept of efficiency and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. Plants may be based on or near-shore on selected tropical islands, where cool but not extremely cold water may be available at moderate depths. This paper discusses the above possibilities and two possible plant locations, as well as projected power outputs. The location and utilization of large of amounts of power on isolated islands, where cabling of power to major population centers would not be feasible are discussed. Two that come to mind are the reduction of bauxite to produce aluminum and the of current interest is the electrolyzing of water to produce gaseous hydrogen fuel to be used in fuel cells, with oxygen as a by-product.
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Sharifpur, Mohsen. "Designing Boiling Condenser for More Efficiency in Power Plants and Less Environment Defects." In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22201.
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One of the most important problems in the power plants is to increase the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Most of the works in this area is focused on regeneration devices, removing the heat losses of components…But usually, about half of the input energy in the thermal cycle wastes in the condensers. In this day and age with greenhouse effect and global warming problem, the less environment defect is also another important subject. In this work, a new condenser is offered that is the same as a core of BWR nuclear reactors, then during the working fluid is condensing in a cycle it is a boiling generator (boiling heat exchange) for another cycle. In this way not only could change some parts of unused energy to work, but also it has more capability with environment. It is possible to design this process several times with different cycles and different working fluids to low heat wastes from condensers. Here, it is offered this idea by using the data of Catalagzi power plant in Turkey. The results confirm that the thermal efficiency increases at least %7.5. It can use this method for most of the power plants or somewhere that needed to remove some heat from a device, same as radiators of the automobiles.
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Boulay, Richard B., Miroslav J. Cerha, and Mo Massoudi. "Dry and Hybrid Condenser Cooling Design to Maximize Operating Income." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50225.
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Reduced availability of the large quantities of water required for traditional wet condenser cooling systems has created a growing market for dry and hybrid cooling for power plants. These technologies significantly reduce overall water consumption, but with large capital cost and heat rate penalties. An important consideration in sizing air-cooled and hybrid condensing systems is the emergence of a spot market for electrical energy. Energy prices can vary over an order of magnitude, and are typically highest during summer conditions. This paper evaluates whether it may be more economical to over-size the cooling system to achieve lower backpressures during the summer and thus generate additional revenue when energy prices peak. A universal methodology for evaluating the impact of cooling system design on operating economics was developed. It consists of a capital cost database for the condensing system, a Gate/Cycle model used to evaluate the effect of cooling parameter selection thermal performance, climatological data to provide representative dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures for typical annualized operating profiles at each plant location, and historical spot market energy pricing for each plant location. Several different design points for the cooling system are examined to determine the optimum selection that maximizes the difference between revenue and cooling system capital cost recovery. A nominal 500 MW coal-burning power plant is used as the study basis to demonstrate the results of this methodology for both northeastern and southwestern sites in the USA.
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Deng, Huifang, and Robert F. Boehm. "An Estimation of the Performance Limits of Dry Cooling on Trough-Type Solar Thermal Plants." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54335.
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The southwestern US is an ideal location for solar power plants due to its abundant solar resource, while there is a difficulty in implementing wet cooling systems due to the shortage of water in this region. Dry cooling could be an excellent solution for this, if it could achieve a high efficiency and low cost as wet cooling. Some dry cooling systems are currently in operation, and investigations of their performance have been reported in the literature. This paper looks into the limits to the power production implicit in dry cooling, assuming that improvements might be made to the system components. Use of higher performance heat transfer surfaces is one such possible improvement. We have developed a model of a fairly typical, but simplified, solar trough plant, and simulated thermodynamic performance of this with the software Gatecycle. We have examined the power generation and cycle efficiency of the plant for the Las Vegas vicinity with conventional wet cooling and conventional dry cooling cases considered separately using this software. TMY2 data are used for this location for this purpose. Similarly, the same studies are carried out for “ideal” cooling systems as a comparison. We assumed that in the ideal dry cooling system, the condensing temperature is the ambient dry bulb temperature, and in the ideal wet cooling system, it is the ambient wet bulb temperature. It turned out that the ideal dry cooling system would significantly outperform the conventional wet cooling system, indicating the possibility of the dry cooling system being able to achieve increased performance levels with component improvements.
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Littleford, Wayne, and Sanjeev Jolly. "An Innovative Approach to Emission Reductions and Heat Recovery: Comply Units." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23814.
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Emissions from power plants are increasingly becoming a global concern that is forcing countries to set tougher and tougher standards for meeting regulations. Compliance with these requirements comes at a cost — resources required to install and maintain the necessary equipment that is often exacerbated by a reduction in efficiency. These harmful emissions that are products of combustion (POC) are typically classified as NOx, SO2, CO2, UHC (unburned hydrocarbons) and Particulate and sometimes heavy metals like mercury, arsenic, etc. Currently there are specific methods available for reducing each of these emissions individually but there is no single system in use that can remove all these unwanted emissions simultaneously — at least not until now. With the proposed system, all these emissions can almost be entirely eliminated from the flue gases concurrently. The process essentially consists of ozone injection for NOx conversion, fogging spray mixed with hydrogen peroxide solution for SO2 conversion and condensing these along with other pollutants over coils to remove all pollutants from exhaust gas stream. As a result, the NOx and SO2 end up as nitric and sulfuric acid in the wastewater stream collected at the bottom of the unit. In addition, UHC and particulate are also removed during the condensation process along with some carbonic acid resulting from dissolved CO2. This waste water can then be treated accordingly and recycled. Another major advantage of this process is the heat absorbed by circulating water in the condensing coils that can be effectively utilized to improve plant performance and overall thermal efficiencies.
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Bulgarino, Nicole A. "Savannah River Site Biomass Cogeneration Facility." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98160.
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Ameresco & Department of Energy Savannah River partnered together to install three biomass fueled energy plants. The main plant is a 20 megawatt steam power plant and the other two smaller plants are thermal heating plants. All three facilities are located on the Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS). These facilities were developed and financed under an Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC), which utilizes energy and operational savings to fund the capital investment and operations cost over the performance period. Ameresco was fully responsible for the design, installation, oversight, management, safety, environmental compliance, and continues to be responsible for the operations and maintenance of the Biomass Cogeneration Facility. This is the largest biomass facility installed under ESPC in the federal government. The facilities have the capacity to combust 385,000 tons of forest residue annually. In the first year alone, the energy and operation cost savings at SRS is in excess of $34 million. Clean biomass and bio-derived fuels (such as tire derived fuel and untreated pallets) is the primary fuel source for all of the new boilers. Biomass is used to fuel two steam boilers capable of producing 240,000 lb. /hr. of high-pressure steam and to power a steam turbine capable of generating up to 20 MW of electricity. The smaller thermal plants provide biomass-produced steam for the areas’ heating and industrial processes. These plants satisfy winter steam requirements for both domestic heat and process steam and is fueled solely with biomass wood chips, utilizing fuel oil as backup source of fuel. Key benefits of the SRS biomass project include: • Over 2,000,000 MBtu/yr. of thermal renewable energy production and a minimum of generation of 77,000,000 kWh of green power • Annual Energy Reductions of approximately 500,000 MBtu/yr. • No-cost Renewable Energy Credits retained by the DOE SR • Support of the South Carolina Biomass Council Goals • Decrease of water intake from the Savannah River by 1,400,000 kgal/yr., supporting water conservation efforts in the region • Reduction of 400 tons/yr. of Particulate Matter (PM) emissions • Reduction of 3,500 tons/yr. of Sulfur Dioxide emissions • Reduction of 100,000 tons/yr. of Carbon Dioxide emissions The smaller heating plants include the main boiler systems and live bottom trailer fuel storage. The Biomass Cogeneration Facility includes the biomass boiler systems, the steam turbine generation system, and the facility auxiliary systems as well as the site infrastructure within these boundaries. The Facility has been designed, built, and tested per industrial/commercial codes for cogeneration facilities. The main components of the Facility are listed below: • Fuel Yard – Material Unloading & Storage and Delivery System ○ Biomass Fuel Chip unloading system ○ Fuel Storage Area ○ Transfer conveyors ○ Fuel Screening System ○ Tire Derived Fuel Storage & Unloading Area ○ Whole Log Chipping System & Storage • Water Treatment System – Water treatment system to treat river water for use in boilers as well as cooling tower for condensing turbine • Boiler Systems – (2) Boiler Island from metering bin, water side and flue gas side, pollution control devices and stacks • Chemical Treatment System – Chemical skids, injection skids for cooling tower and boiler treatment • Steam Turbine Generator System & Turbine Cooling System – (1) steam turbine and generator & Cooling Tower with cooling tower pumps • Emergency Generator System – (1) back diesel generator • Plant Control System – Master SCADA system which integrates all systems and balance of plant equipment I/O into one control system
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Lin, Zhen Xian, and Lin Fu. "Comparison and Analysis for the Differential Heating Modes in the Large-Scale CHP System." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18296.
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With the process acceleration of China’s energy conservation and the full development of the market economy, the environmental protection is to coexist with the power plants’ benefits for thermal power plants. Relative to the traditional mode named “determining power by heat”, it is not adequate that the heating demand is only to be met, the maximizations of economy benefits and social benefits are also demanded. At present, several large-scale central heating modes are proposed by domestic and foreign scholars, such as the parallel arrangement and series arrangement of heating system for the traditional heating units and NCB heating units (NCB heating unit is a new condensing-extraction-backpressure steam turbine and used to generate the power and heat, it has the function of extraction heating turbine at constant power, back pressure turbine or extraction and back pressure heating turbine and extraction condensing heating turbine.), and running mode with heating units and absorbed heat pumps, and so on. Compare and analyze their heating efficiency, heating load, heating area, power generation, and the impact on the environment. The best heating mode can be found under the different boundary conditions, it can be used to instruct the further work. The energy utilization efficiency will be further improved.
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Vannoni, Alberto, Andrea Giugno, and Alessandro Sorce. "Thermo-Economic Assessment Under Electrical Market Uncertainties of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Integrated With a Flue Gas-Condensing Heat Pump." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15400.
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Abstract Renewable energy penetration is growing, due to the target of greenhouse-gas-emission reduction, even though fossil fuel-based technologies are still necessary in the current energy market scenario to provide reliable back-up power to stabilize the grid. Nevertheless, currently, an investment in such a kind of power plant might not be profitable enough, since some energy policies have led to a general decrease of both the average price of electricity and its variability; moreover, in several countries negative prices are reached on some sunny or windy days. Within this context, Combined Heat and Power systems appear not just as a fuel-efficient way to fulfill local thermal demand, but also as a sustainable way to maintain installed capacity able to support electricity grid reliability. Innovative solutions to increase both the efficiency and flexibility of those power plants, as well as careful evaluations of the economic context, are essential to ensure the sustainability of the economic investment in a fast-paced changing energy field. This study aims to evaluate the economic viability and environmental impact of an integrated solution of a cogenerative combined cycle gas turbine power plant with a flue gas condensing heat pump. Considering capital expenditure, heat demand, electricity price and its fluctuations during the whole system life, the sustainability of the investment is evaluated taking into account the uncertainties of economic scenarios and benchmarked against the integration of a cogenerative combined cycle gas turbine power plant with a Heat-Only Boiler.
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Kahlert, Steffen, and Hartmut Spliethoff. "Investigation of Different Operation Strategies to Provide Balance Energy With an Industrial CHP Plant Using Dynamic Simulation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57166.
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Intermittency of renewable electricity generation poses a challenge to thermal power plants. While power plants in the public sector see a decrease in operating hours, the utilization of industrial power plants is mostly unaffected because process steam has to be provided. This study investigates to what extent the load of a CHP plant can be reduced while maintaining a reliable process steam supply. A dynamic process model of an industrial combined CHP plant is developed and validated with operational data. The model contains a gas turbine, a single pressure HRSG with supplementary firing and an extraction condensing steam turbine. Technical limitations of the gas turbine, the supplementary firing and the steam turbine constrain the load range of the plant. In consideration of these constraints, different operation strategies are performed at variable loads using dynamic simulation. A simulation study shows feasible load changes in 5 min for provision of secondary control reserve. The load change capability of the combined cycle plant under consideration is mainly restricted by the water-steam cycle. It is shown that both the low pressure control valve of the extraction steam turbine and the high pressure bypass control valve are suitable to ensure the process steam supply during the load change. The controllability of the steam turbine load and the process stability are sufficient as long as the supplementary is not reaching the limits of the operating range.
Reports on the topic "Condensing thermal power plants"
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Determan, J. C., and C. E. Hendrix. Survey of thermal-hydraulic models of commercial nuclear power plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6983550.
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Linker, K. Heat engine development for solar thermal dish-electric power plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7228892.
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Drost, M. K., Z. I. Antoniak, D. R. Brown, and S. Somasundaram. Thermal energy storage for integrated gasification combined-cycle power plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6624383.
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Determan, J. C., and C. E. Hendrix. Survey of thermal-hydraulic models of commercial nuclear power plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10128992.
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Leidenfrost, W., P. Liley, A. McDonald, I. Mudawwar, and J. Pearson. Performance assessment of OTEC power systems and thermal power plants. Final report. Volume I. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5464301.
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Kuver, Walt. Tax Revenue and Job Benefits from Solar Thermal Power Plants in Nye County. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129448.
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Gawlik, Keith. Reducing the Cost of Thermal Energy Storage for Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1090094.
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Knighton, Lane, Amey Shigrekar, Daniel Wendt, and Brian Murphy. Markets and Economics for Thermal Power Extraction from Nuclear Power Plants aiding the Decarbonization of Industrial Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1692372.
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Byers, R. Application of RELAP4/MOD6 to analysis of solar-thermal power plants: control system modelling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5554016.
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Maxwell, E. L., and M. D. Rymes. The impact of solar radiation resources on the siting of solar thermal power plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6016955.
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