Relevant bibliographies by topics / Concurrent mixed methods design

Academic literature on the topic 'Concurrent mixed methods design'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Concurrent mixed methods design"

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Hou, Su-I. "Mixed Methods Evaluation - A Chinese Cancer Screening Program." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2970.

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Abstract This paper introduces the rapidly growing modern mixed methods research (MMR) and its application in a Chinese cancer screening program. While some previous researchers have incorporated quantitative and qualitative data in research, recent mixed methods developments have provided significant clarity that can guide those new to the MMR field. Understanding the context for using MMR and examining a complex mixed methods evaluation study in Taiwan can help illustrate opportunities for and application of mixed methods in Asians. The Taiwan Cervical Cancer Screening Education Program is used as an exemplar of a multi-phase complex mixed methods evaluation study showcasing various MMR designs. These include an exploratory sequential design to develop culturally sensitive study instrument, iterative concurrent and sequential mixed methods for intervention mapping, and an embedded mixed methods evaluation design to assess impact. Visual diagrams are introduced to facilitate communication of mixed methods design procedures and products in each phase.
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Alavi, Hamed, and Patrycja Hąbek. "Addressing Research Design Problem in Mixed Methods Research." Management Systems in Production Engineering 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-10-01-2016.

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Abstract Alongside other disciplines in social sciences, management researchers use mixed methods research more and more in conduct of their scientific investigations. Mixed methods approach can also be used in the field of production engineering. In comparison with traditional quantitative and qualitative research methods, reasons behind increasing popularity of mixed research method in management science can be traced in different factors. First of all, any particular discipline in management can be theoretically related to it. Second is that concurrent approach of mixed research method to inductive and deductive research logic provides researchers with opportunity to generate theory and test hypothesis in one study simultaneously. In addition, it provides a better justification for chosen method of investigation and higher validity for obtained answers to research questions. Despite increasing popularity of mixed research methods among management scholars, there is still need for a comprehensive approach to research design typology and process in mixed research method from the perspective of management science. The authors in this paper try to explain fundamental principles of mixed research method, its typology and different steps in its design process.
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Shannonhouse, Laura, Sejal Barden, Eric Jones, Laura Gonzalez, and Arthur Murphy. "Secondary Traumatic Stress for Trauma Researchers: A Mixed Methods Research Design." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.38.3.02.

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Forty-nine infants and toddlers were killed and 93 others were injured in the ABC Day Care Center fire disaster in Hermosillo, Mexico. This study describes the experiences of ten mental health professionals who researched the community-scale grief and provided clinical services to the parents and caregivers of the affected children. A concurrent triangulation mixed-methods approach was used to quantitatively measure and qualitatively understand the secondary traumatic stress (STS) of the responding professionals. Results indicated that experiences of STS decreased with time and debriefing, however, the responding professionals who were more directly connected to the trauma and those who worked with parents who lost their children displayed an enduring impact of STS. Coping strategies and gender expectations are considered in a discussion of debriefing in the specific cultural context of Northwestern Mexico.
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Smith, Thomas M., Marisa Cannata, and Katherine Taylor Haynes. "Reconciling Data from Different Sources: Practical Realities of Using Mixed Methods to Identify Effective High School Practices." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 118, no. 7 (July 2016): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811611800705.

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Background/Context Mixed methods research conveys multiple advantages to the study of complex phenomena and large organizations or systems. The benefits are derived from drawing on the strengths of qualitative methods to answer questions about how and why a phenomenon occurs and those of quantitative methods to examine how often a phenomenon occurs and establish generalizable, empirical associations between variables and outcomes. Though the literature offers many strategies, designing mixed methods research can be challenging in large scale projects when trying to balance reliability, validity, and generalizability. By supporting the findings with multiple forms of evidence mixed methods designs lend greater validity than mono-method ones. However to draw on the comparative advantages of these two paradigms, researchers must grapple with the challenges of working with more than one method. Focus of Study This paper discusses the benefits and challenges of collecting and interpreting mixed methods data in a large scale research and development project. Drawing on existing frameworks, we refect on our strategies of mixed methods design, data collection, and analysis. We discuss the quandaries faced by researchers when discrepant findings emerge. Research Design The data come from a large, mixed methods case study focused on the practices that explain why some high schools in large urban districts are particularly effective at serving low income students, minority students, and English language learners. Undertaken in several phases, the work included sequential and concurrent designs. Incorporating a sequential explanatory design element, we first used quantitative data to identify schools in the district that were more and less effective at improving student achievement in English/language arts, mathematics, and science. We then used a combination of interviews, focus groups, surveys, classroom observations, and district administrative data—in a concurrent design—to try to understand what differentiated between the most and least effective schools in the district. Conclusions Based on our analyses, we provide examples of when mixed methods data converge, when they diverge but are complementary, and when they diverge and introduce a methodological quandary for researchers who must confront seemingly discrepant findings. In so doing, we discuss the tradeoffs encountered between the study design and the implications as we confronted them during analysis and suggest ways to balance the methodological demands of complex research studies. Seemingly discrepant findings, while challenging to reconcile, when considered for their potential complementarity, actually lead to a more complete understanding of the phenomena under study.
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Leech, Nancy L., Kathleen M. T. Collins, Qun G. Jiao, and Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie. "Mixed Research in Gifted Education." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 34, no. 6 (November 4, 2011): 860–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162353211425095.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of mixed research techniques in empirical studies published in gifted education journals. During Phase 1, empirical full-text databases and relevant electronic bibliographic databases related to gifted education were searched during a time span of 10 to 18 years, resulting in the identification of 32 mixed research studies. During Phase 2, frequency data were compiled detailing the types of methods (quantitative, qualitative, mixed) implemented in empirical studies published in three leading gifted education research journals covering the time span of 5 years. A sequential mixed analysis was conducted on Phase 2 data, and results indicated that authors of empirical research articles utilized primarily quantitative methods. Among the 19 studies identified as mixed research, 5 utilized a mixed design that was categorized as a partially mixed, concurrent, dominant status design.
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Stewart, William H. "Seoul Destination: A Mixed-methods Study of a Korean University." FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education 6, no. 3 (October 19, 2020): 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32865/fire202063220.

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The number of international students studying in the Republic of Korea has increased tremendously over the last 20 years, marking a change in regional student mobility trends. While most international degree students tend to originate in countries in Asia, signifying regionalization versus internationalization, exchange students are diverse by nationality/ region. This concurrent nested mixed-methods study sought to investigate the pull factors of a Korean university among exchange students. 564 students completed an electronic questionnaire and through on campus interviews. Quantitative results suggested that exchange students found characteristics about Korea attractive (e.g., K-pop) as well as wanting international and/or cross-cultural experiences, to be the most appealing. 10 students participated in interviews, and findings showed that students became interested in Korea by exposure to popular media, as well as wanting a diverse, international study environment. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of university inbound program promotion/marketing and program design/development for short-term mobility, along with areas for future research.
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Bartlam, Bernadette, Jacqueline Waterfield, Annette Bishop, Melanie A. Holden, Panos Barlas, Khaled M. Ismail, Christine Kettle, and Nadine E. Foster. "The Role of Qualitative Research in Clinical Trial Development: The EASE Back Study." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 12, no. 3 (July 13, 2016): 325–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689816656740.

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This article outlines the rationale for adopting a mixed methods approach within randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and explores challenges associated in doing so. Taking the example of the EASE Back feasibility and pilot study ( Evaluating Acupuncture and Standard care for pregnant wom En with BACK pain: ISRCTN49955124), we detail why and how we operationalized a concurrent-sequential mixed methods research design. We present key findings from the exploratory research (focus groups and interviews) and explain how these were integrated with descriptive findings (a national survey of physical therapists) in order to inform and refine the design of the explanatory phase (the pilot RCT). We conclude with a discussion of lessons learned and implications for future research design and conduct.
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Martin, Rosemarie, Augustine W. Kang, Audrey A. DeBritz, Mary R. Walton, Ariel Hoadley, Courtney DelaCuesta, and Linda Hurley. "Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Service Provision and Telephone Counseling: A Concurrent Mixed-Methods Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116163.

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Using quantitative and qualitative evidence, this study triangulates counselors’ perspectives on the use of telemedicine in the context of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) treatment. A concurrent mixed-methods design examined counselors’ experiences with telephone counseling during the COVID-19 pandemic. N = 42 counselors who provided OUD counseling services completed a close-ended, quantitative survey examining their experiences in addressing clients’ anxiety, depression, anger, substance use, therapeutic relationship, and substance use recovery using telephone counseling. The survey also assessed comfort, convenience, and satisfaction with telephone counseling. Counselors also completed open-ended responses examining satisfaction, convenience, relationship with patients, substance use, and general feedback with telephone counseling. The synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence indicated that a majority of counselors had positive experiences with using telephone counseling to provide services to clients undergoing OUD treatment. Convenience, greater access to clients, and flexibility were among the reasons cited for their positive experience. However, counselors also expressed that the telephone counseling was impersonal, and that some clients may have difficulties accessing appropriate technology for telehealth adoption. Findings suggest that further research with counselors is needed to identify the key elements of an effective integration of telephone counseling with traditional in-person treatment approaches in the post-pandemic era.
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Al-Yateem, Nabeel, Muhammad Arsyad Subu, Arwa Al-Shujairi, Intima Alrimawi, Hend Mohd Ali, Khadija Hasan, Nawal Peer Dad, and Maria Brenner. "Coping among adolescents with long-term health conditions: a mixed-methods study." British Journal of Nursing 29, no. 13 (July 9, 2020): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.13.762.

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Background: Adolescents with long-term health conditions may be at risk of developing psychological comorbidities and adopting ineffective coping mechanisms if they are not adequately supported at home or school. Aim: To understand the strategies adolescents use when dealing with challenging health situations, and gain an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of their preferred care environment if they have unexpected health crises. Design: The study used a concurrent mixed-methods design, with data gathered between January and May 2019. Descriptive and non-parametric tests were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data. Results: ‘Problem-focused disengagement’ was the most-often used coping strategy. The second and third most common strategies were ‘problem-focused engagement’ and ‘emotion-focused engagement’. Finally, girls tended to adopt more negative coping strategies than boys. The analysis revealed that most adolescents preferred home over school as the care environment because these caring agents were close and available, knew how to care for them and had the resources to provide or access care, and listened and understood them. Conclusion: Adolescents adopted disengagement and negative coping strategies early in their attempts to cope with stressful events before adopting more positive strategies. This is alarming, especially as school health services are not sufficiently supportive of adolescents at times of stress and illness. Adolescents often perceive school providers as unavailable and lacking knowledge about their health needs.
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Saunders, Mark Nk, and Adrian Thornhill. "Researching sensitively without sensitizing: Using a card sort in a concurrent mixed methods design to research trust and distrust." International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches 5, no. 3 (December 2011): 334–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/mra.2011.5.3.334.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concurrent mixed methods design"

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Tian, Feng. "A comparison of equating/linking using the Stocking-Lord method and concurrent calibration with mixed-format tests in the non-equivalent groups common-item design under IRT." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2370.

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Thesis advisor: Larry Ludlow
There has been a steady increase in the use of mixed-format tests, that is, tests consisting of both multiple-choice items and constructed-response items in both classroom and large-scale assessments. This calls for appropriate equating methods for such tests. As Item Response Theory (IRT) has rapidly become mainstream as the theoretical basis for measurement, different equating methods under IRT have also been developed. This study investigated the performances of two IRT equating methods using simulated data: linking following separate calibration (the Stocking-Lord method) and the concurrent calibration. The findings from this study show that the concurrent calibration method generally performs better in recovering the item parameters and more importantly, the concurrent calibration method produces more accurate estimated scores than linking following separate calibration. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation
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Shen, Meigen. "Concurrent chip and package design for radio and mixed-signal systems." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-476.

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David, Adria M. "Supporting statewide systems utilizing external coaches| A concurrent mixed-methods study in a rural community." Thesis, Northwest Nazarene University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3643013.

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Across state lines, budget cuts in education are a reality, especially for those in remote and rural areas. With less financial support, some districts are looking to their state departments to be models of good practice for how to leverage and work within budgetary means, while also keeping up with the advancement in education seen around the world. The history of American schools has defined itself by keeping up globally to ensure its students can be global competitors. In order to continue on the path of educational excellence, there is a need to find innovative ways to continue to be supportive of one another through embedded, professional development and systemic thinking. This concurrent mixed-methods research study looked to one state's coaching project over the last seven years. This state utilized its own coaches as a means to grow and develop leadership capacity for system improvement, even when budget woes were at an all-time high. This study found three key findings: (a) all participants demonstrated positive levels of agreement that the coaches had the skill-set identified by the researcher, engaged in actions that align to effective professional development, and that coaches were perceived to have an impact on leadership; (b) administrators and administrative coaches had the highest levels of agreement with all survey items, and their views were consistently in agreement with no statistical difference; and (c) school staff who were further removed from formal leadership roles were less aware of the skill-set, actions, and effects of the coach, and although they had positive levels of agreement, the levels of agreement were statistically lower than that of the administrators and coaches. Essentially, staff members who served in some type of leadership capacity perceived to benefit from the administration receiving state coaching support, than those who did not. These findings will help this rural state to reexamine its structure not only to strengthen the project, but to be the model for other divisions within the department attempting to utilize state coaches throughout the state. Themes presented will also allow other state agencies to better assess their needs of implementing a statewide coaching project, especially for those from rural states.

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Chalmers, Claire. "Regulatory compliance in Scotland's tattooing and cosmetic body piercing industry : a concurrent mixed methods study." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2011. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/4361.

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The objective of any regulation is to realise the goal(s) that justified its intervention. One means of demonstrating this is to determine the extent of regulatory compliance. This study intended to determine the extent of regulatory compliance with the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 (Licensing of skin piercing and tattooing) Order 2006 in Scotland's tattooing and cosmetic body piercing industry. Implemented in Scotland in 2006, its aim was to minimise risk to health from skin piercing and tattooing. Philosophically underpinned by pragmatism, a concurrent mixed methods study was undertaken. All 220 practitioners and 78 enforcers engaging with this regulation across Scotland were invited to participate. Through analysis and interpretation of data from semi-structured questionnaires (n=107, 36%), qualitative focused interviews (n=35) and non-participant observations (n=8), users' experiences of regulatory implementation were explored and explained, to more fully understand regulatory compliance. Integrative analysis and interpretation of this study's mixed methods data determined neither substantive compliance (compliance with the collective goals of regulation) nor rule compliance (compliance with the regulatory standards) had been achieved following implementation of this new regulation. The existence of a significant level of shared activity between practitioners and enforcers during regulatory implementation was however established, where partnership working had derived from the ‘specialist' nature of industry practice. Consequently, it was deduced that ‘compliance' (defined in this context as ‘doing what was asked to conform to the law') poorly reflected the events of regulatory implementation. Instead, ‘concordance' has been discerned as the primary activity. The concept of concordance as ‘working towards agreement' more accurately depicted the experiences of practitioners and enforcers during the process of regulatory implementation. Subsequently, the extent of ‘concordance' was determined: The divergent attitudes/ experiences on the consistency of regulatory implementation and its ability to achieve its aim, coupled with the ambiguous understanding of ‘risk to health' and converse working perspectives of practitioners and enforcers led to the conclusion that goal concordance (agreement on the collective goal(s) of the regulation) had not been achieved. On the other hand, despite evidence of apparent inadequacies and omissions in industry practices, practitioner and enforcer confidence in industry infection control practices led to the conclusion that rule concordance (agreement on the regulatory standards to be met) had been achieved. From these collective findings, a ‘Specialist Industry Concordance-Compliance Model' was developed to explain the achievements of practitioners and enforcers as a result of implementing new regulation/ meeting regulatory requirements within a specialist industry. Complementing rather than conflicting with existing literature, this study offers ‘concordance' as an alternative and/or intermediate output of regulatory implementation, explaining the process by which practitioners and enforcers implement new regulation/meet regulatory requirements within a specialist industry. Moreover, the study findings provide a framework to support better understanding of the potential output from implementation, monitoring and review of regulatory interventions, frequently associated with sub-optimal compliance. In turn, through combined understanding of concordance and compliance, the design of good regulation can be promoted, thereby facilitating maximum reduction in risk/ risk to health through regulatory intervention.
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Burrows, Timothy. "A Preliminary Rubric Design to Evaluate Mixed Methods Research." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19324.

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With the increase in frequency of the use of mixed methods, both in research publications and in externally funded grants there are increasing calls for a set of standards to assess the quality of mixed methods research. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to conduct a multi-phase analysis to create a preliminary rubric to evaluate mixed methods research articles. This study included four research questions:
1. What are the common evaluation criteria found in the contemporary methodological literature pertaining to the design of mixed methods research?
2. What evaluation criteria do experts in the field of mixed methods research perceive as the most important when distinguishing top-quality research in mixed methods?
3. What differences are there in the outcome of the rubric for evaluating mixed methods research identified from the literature compared to those advocated most uniformly by a panel of mixed methods research experts?
4. What are disciplinary differences between the use of mixed methods and views about evaluating it, including the role of paradigms in mixed methods research?
    In the first phase of this multi-phase mixed methods study I used an inductive qualitative process to identify the quality criteria endorsed by 12 methodologists with a long-term involvement in mixed methods research. In the second phase of this study I conducted a quantitative analysis to pilot test a set of criteria identified in the qualitative phases. The sample for both phases of this study was comprised of the same eight males  
and four females from multiple nationalities. Respondents to the on-line survey rated all 14 items as being important, with 11 of the 14 items being rated as very important or higher.
    When considered together, findings from the two phases of this study provide a interesting view of attitudes about the use and application of quality standards to the mixed methods literature. While there was agreement about what elements were important to evaluate, there was not an agreement about the idea that one set of standards could be applied to all mixed methods studies.

Ph. D.
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Liu, Tingyang. "Concurrent substrate coupling noise modeling and active noise reduction methodology for mixed-signal physical design." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284133.

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In mixed-signal ICs that integrate complex digital circuits together with high-performance analog circuits, signal contamination caused by substrate coupling noise is a critical issue. Fast digital transients can produce noise harmful to the sensitive analog circuits. The noise can be coupled from noisy devices and interconnects into the common substrate and coupled into analog devices. This noise coupling mechanism poses serious challenges toward the signal integrity of the mixed-signal design. The final performance of the ICs signal integrity is heavily dependent on layout schemes and the effectiveness of using noise reduction techniques. A hierarchical substrate coupling noise modeling technique that uses a gate-level lumped parasitic circuit model (for digital circuit layout) and concurrent real-time stimulating waveforms has been developed. This hierarchical approach make the concurrent substrate coupling noise analysis feasible under the current computational resource limitation. The gate-level parasitic extraction can avoid the intensive computation needed by detailed source/drain level modeling technique while keeping a reasonable accuracy with respect to parasitics. The parasitic extraction is also a separate process from the substrate three-dimensional mesh generation process. Therefore, this modeling technique can be easily used for evaluation of different physical design schemes. An innovate active noise reduction method, using the noise cancellation mechanism during the physical design phase to reduce the substrate coupling noise contamination, has also been developed. The fundamental idea of this method is to use the reversely amplified noise to achieve a "virtual" ground for the substrate. The noise is sampled from the substrate and reversely amplified and then re-injected into the substrate, by this method, up to 90% of the original noise can be eliminated. The active substrate coupling noise reduction method has the merit that it can be used together with traditional noise reduction methods such as guard ring deployment. Several test chips have been designed and fabricated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the substrate modeling and reduction methods. In the results section of this dissertation, results from both SPICE-based simulation and measurement from MOSIS 1.2 micron test chips are presented and analyzed.
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Ingalls, Stephen A. "Application of concurrent engineering methods to the design of an autonomous aerial robot." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12222.

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Eaglin, Gerald. "Concurrent Design of Path Planning Methods and Input Shaping for Flexible Mobile Robots." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10842690.

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Path planning is a common research topic and has applications in various fields and industries, such as AI, industrial automation, and mobile robotics. When applied to mobile systems, path planning algorithms are required to plan safe and feasible paths for a system from an initial state to a desired final state. While most path planning algorithms have been designed for rigid systems, little work has focused on path planning algorithms for flexible systems. Motion planning for flexible systems has typically involved sequential methods that plan trajectories for a system, then apply vibration control techniques for trajectory tracking. This thesis proposes new algorithms that concurrently plan a path for a flexible system while limiting the induced vibration.

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Richens, Yana. "Investigation into Fear of Birth using a mixed methods design." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-into-fear-of-birth-using-a-mixed-methods-design(a1a508d0-e87a-4db9-9495-41e45f537e91).html.

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Background: Fear of birth (FOB) is becoming increasingly recognised as a clinical issue that can have profound effects on the mother and her experience of pregnancy and birth. Failure to identify women with FOB could potentially lead to them feeling isolated and unsupported, and impact on their psychological health and the health of their baby. Aim: The main aim of this study was to gain an understanding of FOB and the associated impact on health professional practice, clinical outcomes and women's experiences of birth. The objectives were to: identify the most effective way of measuring FOB in clinical practice; investigate the most appropriate antenatal intervention to support women who fear childbirth; inform the study design for an RCT to assess the effectiveness of the intervention; and assess the most meaningful outcomes to include in future work. Methods: An explanatory mixed-methods study design was used. The first phase was a two-part online survey sent to Heads of Midwifery at 202 maternity units in the UK via Survey Monkey. Respondents were asked to give details of their unit in part 1 and service provision and evaluation for women with FOB in part 2. The second phase was a prospective cohort study of 148 women who had not experienced childbirth who were consecutively attending the Elisabeth Garrett Anderson and Obstetric Hospital, London or St Mary's Hospital, Manchester. Demographic data and details of sources of information on pregnancy were collected from participants in the first trimester along with their score on the tool chosen to measure FOB, the Fear Of Birth Scale (FOBS), and a saliva sample to measure cortisol level. In the third trimester, a second FOBS score and saliva sample were collected, and the Personal Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were administered to measure depression and anxiety respectively. Birth outcomes for the participants were collected from clinical records. In the third phase, 15 women participating in the second phase were purposively selected to reflect a range of FOBS scores and interviewed by telephone using a semi-structured interview to find out their experiences of pregnancy, being part of the study and service provision. Results: Response rates for the online survey were 63% for part 1 and 54% for part 2. Consultant obstetricians 25% had the most involvement in the care of women with FOB, followed by consultant midwives 21% and 30% had a designated midwife for dealing with FOB and only 32% provided specialist midwifery-led services for women with FOB, with 16% referring to a consultant obstetrician and 47% providing no specialist provision. No unit provided an evaluation of their services, although 19% had undertaken local audits. In the cohort study, using a cut-off of 54 for the FOBS, 30/148 (20%) had a FOB in the first trimester while 21/80 (26%) had a FOB in the third trimester. Compared with the first trimester, 51/80 women showed an increase in FOBS score, with 14 gaining and 7 losing a FOB. FOBS scores were not correlated with salivary cortisol in either trimester but they were correlated with PQH-9 and GAD-7 scores in the third trimester. They were also associated with a previous history of depression but only in the first trimester (p=0.011). FOBS scores showed considerable variability and a high measurement error, indicating a need for further refinement and psychometric testing. The qualitative interviews identified three themes underlying FOB: fearing the worst (pain, fear for the baby and fear of the unknown and complications), pathways to fear (friend-induced fear, mother-induced fear or reassurance and media-induced fear) and igniting or reducing fear (sources of information, support and communication). Conclusions: The FOBS is a potentially effective way of measuring FOB in clinical practice and research, but it requires enhancement informed by the themes identified by this study and psychometric testing in all three trimesters. An enhanced version of the FOBS could be used as the primary outcome to measure FOB during pregnancy in an RCT assessing the effectiveness of a suitable intervention, with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 as secondary outcomes to measure depression and anxiety during pregnancy. An intervention to support primiparous women with FOB should be developed informed by the findings of this study, including components such as psychological education, relaxation, social support, reliable information sources and continuity of carer.
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Bharadwaj, Aditya. "Mixed-Initiative Methods for Following Design Guidelines in Creative Tasks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99857.

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Practitioners in creative domains such as web design, data visualization, and software development face many challenges while trying to create novel solutions that satisfy the guidelines around practical constraints and quality considerations. My dissertation work addresses two of these challenges. First, guidelines may conflict with each other, creating a need for slow and time-consuming expert intervention. Second, guidelines may be hard to check programmatically, requiring experts to manually use multipage style guides that suffer from drawbacks related to searchability, navigation, conflict, and obsolescence. In my dissertation, I focus on exploring mixed-initiative methods as a solution to these challenges in two complex tasks: biological network visualization where guidelines may conflict, and web design where task requirements are hard to check programmatically. For biological network visualization, I explore the use of crowdsourcing to scale up time-consuming manual layout tasks. To support the network-based collaboration required for crowdsourcing, I first implemented a system called GraphSpace. It fosters online collaboration by allowing users to store, organize, explore, lay out, and share networks on a web platform. I then used GraphSpace as the infrastructure to support a novel mixed-initiative crowd-algorithm approach for creating high-quality, biological meaningful network visualizations. I also designed and implemented Flud, a system that gamifies the graph visualization task and uses flow theory concepts to make algorithmically generated suggestions more readily accessible to non-expert crowds. Then, I proposed DeepLayout, a novel learning-based approach as an alternative to the non-machine learning-based method used in Flud. It has the ability to learn how to balance complex conflicting guidelines from a layout process. Finally, in the domain of web design, I present a real-world iterative deployment of a system called Critter. Critter augments traditional quality assurance techniques used in structured domains, such as checklists and expert feedback, using mixed-initiative interactions. I hope this dissertation can serve to accelerate research on leveraging the complementary strengths of humans and computers in the context of creative processes that are generally considered out of bounds for automated methods.
Doctor of Philosophy
Practitioners in creative domains such as web design, data visualization, and software development face many challenges while trying to create novel solutions that satisfy the guidelines around practical constraints and quality considerations. My dissertation work addresses two of these challenges. First, sometimes the guidelines may conflict with each other under a certain scenario. In this situation, tasks require expert opinion to prioritize one guideline over the other. This dependence on expertise makes the design process slow and time-consuming. Second, sometimes it is difficult to determine which guidelines have been fulfilled. In this scenario, experts have to manually go through a list of guidelines and make sure applicable guidelines have been successfully applied to the final product. However, using a list of guidelines has its own drawbacks. Not all guidelines are applicable to a project, and finding a relevant guideline can be strenuous for experts. Moreover, a design process is not as simple as following a list of guidelines. Design processes are dynamic, non-linear, and iterative. Due to these reasons, a simple list of guidelines does not align with the designers' workflow. My dissertation focuses on exploring mixed-initiative methods where computers and humans collaborate in a tight feedback loop to help follow guidelines. To this end, I present solutions for two complex creative tasks: biological network visualization where we can compute how well a design adheres to the guidelines but guidelines may conflict and web design where task requirements are hard to check programmatically. I hope this dissertation can serve to accelerate research on leveraging the complementary strengths of humans and computers in the context of creative processes that are generally considered out of bounds for automated methods.
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Books on the topic "Concurrent mixed methods design"

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M, Goessel, ed. New methods of concurrent checking. Dordrecht: Springer, 2008.

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C-Y, Lu Stephen, ed. Computer methods for tolerance design. Singapore: World Scientific, 1992.

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Software design methods for concurrent and real-time systems. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1993.

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Mixed methods social networks research: Design and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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Morse, Janice M. Mixed method design: Principles and procedures. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2009.

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Morse, Janice M. Mixed method design: Principles and procedures. Walnut Creek, Calif: Left Coast Press, 2009.

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Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2003.

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Linda, Niehaus, ed. Mixed method design: Principles and procedures. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2009.

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Pratt, Terrence W. Methods for design and evaluation of integrated hardware/software sytems for concurrent computation. Charlottesville, VA: Dept. of Computer Science, University of Virginia, 1987.

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Nastasi, Bonnie K., and John H. Hitchcock. Mixed Methods Research and Culture-Specific Interventions: Program Design and Evaluation. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483399959.

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Book chapters on the topic "Concurrent mixed methods design"

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Vaux, Dana E., and David Wang. "Mixed Methods." In Research Methods for Interior Design, 150–70. New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429029325-9.

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Heap, Vicky, and Jaime Waters. "Mixed methods design." In Mixed Methods in Criminology, 93–106. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315143354-5.

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I, Ji Yeong, Hyewon Chang, and Ji-Won Son. "Methods: Mixed-Methods Research Design." In Mathematics Education – An Asian Perspective, 67–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0966-7_5.

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Aramo-Immonen, Heli. "Mixed Methods Research Design." In Information Systems, E-learning, and Knowledge Management Research, 32–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35879-1_5.

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Heap, Vicky, and Jaime Waters. "Research design and sampling." In Mixed Methods in Criminology, 126–40. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315143354-7.

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Nixon, P. A., and L. Shi. "Concurrent semantics for structured design methods." In Software Engineering for Parallel and Distributed Systems, 158–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34984-8_14.

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Solé, Marc, and Enric Pastor. "Traversal Techniques for Concurrent Systems." In Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, 220–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36126-x_14.

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Dierwechter, Yonn. "Methodology: Mixed-Methods Research Design." In Urban Sustainability through Smart Growth, 63–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54448-9_4.

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Luu, Thi Quynh Huong, Helena Hing Wa Sit, and Shen Chen. "Mixed Methods and Research Design." In Cultural Interactions of English-Medium Instruction at Vietnamese Universities, 53–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8098-5_4.

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Gatrell, Jay D., Gregory D. Bierly, and Ryan R. Jensen. "Thesis II: Human Systems-Mixed Methods." In Research Design and Proposal Writing in Spatial Science, 91–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2281-1_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Concurrent mixed methods design"

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Ford, Jeffrey M., and Christina L. Bloebaum. "A Decomposition Method for Concurrent Design of Mixed Discrete/Continuous Systems." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0409.

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Abstract Interest in Concurrent Engineering (CE) has increased as industry looks for more efficient means of product design. Design optimization methods that facilitate the CE approach are an important aspect of current research. Among the methods that have been proposed is the Concurrent Subspace Optimization (CSSO) method, which allows the optimization problem to be decomposed into coupled subproblems. These subproblems may correspond to the different disciplines involved in the design process or to participating organizational design or manufacturing groups. The decomposition allows each discipline to apply their own optimization criteria to the problem. While this method may not be as computationally efficient as other methods, it allows the design process to conform to the departmental divisions that already exist in industry. The method development to date has focused on continuous systems only. However, problems that can not be modeled as continuous systems, such as those involving the placement of active controllers in CSI applications, would benefit from a method that allows the use of discrete parameters. The paper presents a decomposition method (based on CSSO) for the optimal design of mixed discrete/continuous systems. The method is applied to the design of a composite plate for minimum weight, with design variables contributed from sizing variables (continuous) and material combinations (discrete).
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Lu, Yanglong, and Yan Wang. "Concurrent Shape and Topology Optimization of Metamaterials Based on Periodic Surface Modeling." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-91214.

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Abstract In the most recent decades, structural optimization (SO) methods including shape and topology optimization have been employed in designing metamaterials. However, shape optimization and topology optimization are usually performed separately. Conventional topology optimization techniques are limited by high computational cost because of the high-dimensional search space. Maintaining the structural continuity and smooth boundaries of metamaterials is also challenging. In this paper, a new SO method based on periodic surface (PS) modeling is proposed to optimize the shape and topology of metamaterials concurrently. The PS model can represent a wide variety of topology with only a small number of design parameters, including periodic moments, basis vectors, and scale parameters. By limiting the number of available basis vectors to choose from, the search efficiency of topology optimization is significantly improved. To solve the mix-integer optimization problem, a mixed-integer Bayesian optimization method is also developed with a new Gaussian process kernel, which is customized for the design parameters in the PS model. The new SO approach is applied to design mechanical metamaterials with high strength-weight ratio and negative Poisson’s ratio. The comparison with other topology optimization methods shows the high efficiency of the proposed approach.
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Wang, Liwei, Siyu Tao, Ping Zhu, and Wei Chen. "Data-Driven Multiscale Topology Optimization Using Multi-Response Latent Variable Gaussian Process." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22595.

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Abstract The data-driven approach is emerging as a promising method for the topological design of the multiscale structure with greater efficiency. However, existing data-driven methods mostly focus on a single class of unit cells without considering multiple classes to accommodate spatially varying desired properties. The key challenge is the lack of inherent ordering or “distance” measure between different classes of unit cells in meeting a range of properties. To overcome this hurdle, we extend the newly developed latent-variable Gaussian process (LVGP) to creating multi-response LVGP (MRLVGP) for the unit cell libraries of metamaterials, taking both qualitative unit cell concepts and quantitative unit cell design variables as mixed-variable inputs. The MRLVGP embeds the mixed variables into a continuous design space based on their collective effect on the responses, providing substantial insights into the interplay between different geometrical classes and unit cell materials. With this model, we can easily obtain a continuous and differentiable transition between different unit cell concepts that can render gradient information for multiscale topology optimization. While the proposed approach has a broader impact on the concurrent topological and material design of engineered systems, we demonstrate its benefits through multiscale topology optimization with aperiodic unit cells. Design examples reveal that considering multiple unit cell types can lead to improved performance due to the consistent load-transferred paths for micro- and macrostructures.
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Korakianitis, T., I. A. Hamakhan, M. A. Rezaienia, and A. P. S. Wheeler. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Prescribed Surface Curvature Distribution Blade Design (CIRCLE) Method for the Design of High Efficiency Turbines, Compressors, and Isolated Airfoils." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46722.

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The prescribed surface curvature distribution blade design (CIRCLE) method is presented for the design of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) blades for axial compressors and turbines, and isolated blades or airfoils. The original axial turbine blade design method is improved, allowing it to use any leading-edge (LE) and trailing-edge (TE) shapes, such as circles and ellipses. The method to connect these LE and TE shapes to the remaining blade surfaces with curvature and slope of curvature continuity everywhere along the streamwise blade length, while concurrently overcoming the “wiggle” problems of higher-order polynomials is presented. This allows smooth surface pressure distributions, and easy integration of the CIRCLE method in heuristic blade-optimization methods. The method is further extended to 2D and 3D compressor blades and isolated airfoil geometries providing smooth variation of key blade parameters such as inlet and outlet flow angles, stagger angle, throat diameter, LE and TE radii etc. from hub to tip. One sample 3D turbine blade geometry is presented. The efficacy of the method is examined by redesigning select blade geometries and numerically evaluating pressure-loss reduction at design and off-design conditions from the original blades: two typical 2D turbine blades; two typical 2D compressor blades; and one typical 2D isolated airfoil blade geometries are redesigned and evaluated with this method. Further extension of the method for centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller geometries is a coordinate transformation. It is concluded that the CIRCLE method is a robust tool for the design of high-efficiency turbomachinery blades.
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McAdams, Daniel A., and Kristin L. Wood. "Methods and Principles for Concurrent Functional Tolerance Design." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dfm-8949.

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Abstract In this paper, a concurrent functional tolerance design process is presented. The field of tolerance research is briefly reviewed to determine the new developments needed for a complete set of concurrent tolerance design tools. Motivated by this approach, the novel notion of metamorphosis for tolerance design is introduced and developed. Customer motivated techniques for determining component functional tolerances are developed. Also, principles of tolerance design are presented and demonstrated. The developed principles are clarified and validated through an original design case study of an electric guitar pickup (electromagnetic transducer) winder. The paper concludes with a discussion of the extensions of this work and future needs for tolerance design research.
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Stevens, Rob. "Concurrent engineering methods and models for satellite concept design." In 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2015.7119270.

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Chen, Yu-Fang, Chih-Duo Hong, Anthony W. Lin, and Philipp Rummer. "Learning to prove safety over parameterised concurrent systems." In 2017 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fmcad.2017.8102244.

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van der Berg, Freark I., and Jaco van de Pol. "Concurrent Chaining Hash Maps for Software Model Checking." In 2019 Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design (FMCAD). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fmcad.2019.8894279.

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Katz, Guy, Clark Barrett, and David Harel. "Theory-aided model checking of concurrent transition systems." In 2015 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fmcad.2015.7542256.

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Ghenaiet, Adel. "Cycle Optimization of Mixed High Bypass Turbofan." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25761.

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This paper presents a parametric study and an optimization approach, targeting the design of optimum mixed turbofan engines employed by long-range passenger aircraft. The first part of this paper concerns a parametric analysis carried out with the aim of highlighting the effects of principal design criteria on engine performance in terms of specific thrust and specific fuel consumption. The second part deals with the optimization to find the design parameters concurrently minimizing the specific fuel consumption at cruise. The backbone of the optimization approach consists of a genetic algorithm and a developed engine performance analysis method for both design point and off-design operations. This latter employs closed form analytical expressions instead of numerical solution using pre-defined components’ maps. This approach is deemed sufficient for simple feasibility studies carried out during the course of conceptual and preliminary designs. The strong coupling between the core and bypass streams has constrained the range of physical properties and reduced the space of search for the optimum. The results show possible benefits from utilizing the mixing of gases and a common propelling nozzle, which in some cases may increase the propulsive efficiency.
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Reports on the topic "Concurrent mixed methods design"

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Dempsey, Terri L. Handling the Qualitative Side of Mixed Methods Research: A Multisite, Team-Based High School Education Evaluation Study. RTI Press, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.mr.0039.1809.

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Attention to mixed methods studies research has increased in recent years, particularly among funding agencies that increasingly require a mixed methods approach for program evaluation. At the same time, researchers operating within large-scale, rapid-turnaround research projects are faced with the reality that collection and analysis of large amounts of qualitative data typically require an intense amount of project resources and time. However, practical examples of efficiently collecting and handling high-quality qualitative data within these studies are limited. More examples are also needed of procedures for integrating the qualitative and quantitative strands of a study from design to interpretation in ways that can facilitate efficiencies. This paper provides a detailed description of the strategies used to collect and analyze qualitative data in what the research team believed to be an efficient, high-quality way within a team-based mixed methods evaluation study of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) high-school education. The research team employed an iterative approach to qualitative data analysis that combined matrix analyses with Microsoft Excel and the qualitative data analysis software program ATLAS.ti. This approach yielded a number of practical benefits. Selected preliminary results illustrate how this approach can simplify analysis and facilitate data integration.
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Siercke, Maj, Sanne Pagh Moller, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Henrik Sillesen, and Dorthe Overgaard. Improving Rehabilitation for Patients with Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Mixed-Methods Evaluation (The CIPIC Rehab Study). Science Repository, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jicoa.2021.04.01.sup.

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Aim: This study aimed to explore how qualitative data about rehabilitation for patients with intermittent claudication do provide an enhanced understanding of the quantitative experimental results. Background: The study was a randomized clinical trial comparing a rehabilitation intervention with usual care. A statistically significant difference between rehabilitation and usual care was found in walking distance, physical activity, quality of life and diet. The findings from the quantitative and qualitative analyses were analysed separately on their own tradition. In this study, mixed methods address whether the qualitative results could help explain the quantitative results and bring forward additional information. Design: Complex mixed-method intervention design with a convergent questionnaire variant. Methods: From April 2017- May 2019, patients diagnosed with intermittent claudication were included in a randomized clinical trial (N=118). In addition, qualitative interview informants from the intervention group were sampled from the quantitative study population for a survey (N=43) and focus group interviews (N=10). Interviews were conducted from April 2018-August 2019. Results: Integrated analyses identified how improvement in walking distance, physical activity, diet and quality of life was affected by team spirit, pedometer, education and fun exercise in a local setting. Quantitative and qualitative findings primarily confirmed and expanded each other; however, two discordant results were also evident. Conclusion: Our study adds empirical evidence regarding how a mixed-methods study can be used to obtain a more nuanced understanding of complex healthcare problems. The study provides new knowledge concerning how to set up a rehabilitation programme for patients with intermittent claudication.
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Rahbar-Rastegar, Reyhaneh, Gerald Huber, Miguel A. Montoya, Christopher Campbell, and John E. Haddock. Demonstration Project for Asphalt Performance Engineered Mixture Design Testing. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317382.

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The asphalt industry is moving towards performance-based methods for asphalt mixture design. The Federal HighwayAdministration (FHWA) is supportive of state departments of transportations (DOT) adopting index and predictive performance tests, especially those making use of the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT). The FHWA is therefore encouraging state DOTs to gain experience with the requirements of the procedures and analysis tools for Balanced Mixture Design (BMD). The main objective of this study is to evaluate fatigue cracking on three INDOT mainline pavement projects that have asphalt mixtures designed by the Superpave 5 mixture design, and to better understand the fundamental engineering testing capabilities of the AMPT. A total of four Superpave 5 asphalt mixtures were collected and tested from the three projects. The viscoelastic characteristics and fatigue behavior of plant-mixed, laboratory compacted (PMLC), laboratory-mixed, laboratory compacted (LMLC), and plant-mixed, field compacted (PMFC) specimens were assessed according to the AASHTO TP-132 and AASHTO TP-133 test methods. Two AMPT machines (IPC Controls and PaveTest) were used to conduct the dynamic modulus tests, while all fatigue tests were performed using a PaveTest AMPT. The raw data were analyzed using the FlexMAT software. The dynamic modulus and cyclic fatigue test results indicate that AMPT testing can be used to effectively evaluate INDOT asphalt mixtures during the mixture design and production phases. However, to do so, detailed planning and effective training are needed to help ensure the successful completion of AMPT testing.
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Macura, Biljana, Nella Canales, Inès Bakhtaoui, Richard Taylor, Elvine Kwamboka, Rocio Diaz-Chavez, Fedra Vanhuyse, et al. Effectiveness of climate change adaptation interventions in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact of funding modalities: a mixed methods systematic review protocol. Stockholm Environment Institute, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.021.

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International climate finance plays a key role in enabling the implementation of adaptation measures. However, while there is a common metric for gauging the effectiveness of finance for mitigation – greenhouse gas emission reduction per unit of funding – no corresponding metric exists for adaptation. Instead, assessments of what works best in adaptation finance focus either on procedural aspects of funding modalities, such as equity in the allocation of funding, or on the extent to which specific adaptation activities produce the desired results. This mixed methods systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of adaptation finance and bridge the gap between those two approaches. It involves a transparent and comprehensive synthesis of the academic and grey literature on how different characteristics of adaptation projects in sub-Saharan Africa – and finance for those projects – affect adaptation outcomes, particularly in terms of risk and vulnerability to climate change impacts. Finalised adaptation projects funded by a set of the multilateral climate funds and two bilateral donors (United Kingdom and Sweden) are the focus of this review. The findings can help inform the future design and implementation of adaptation activities as well as funding decisions.
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Dahm, Philipp, Michelle Brasure, Elizabeth Ester, Eric J. Linskens, Roderick MacDonald, Victoria A. Nelson, Charles Ryan, et al. Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer230.

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Objective. To update findings from previous Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)- and American Urological Association (AUA) funded reviews evaluating therapies for clinically localized prostate cancer (CLPC). Sources. Bibliographic databases (2013–January 2020); ClinicalTrials.gov; systematic reviews Methods. Controlled studies of CLPC treatments with duration ≥5 years for mortality and metastases and ≥1 year for quality of life and harms. One investigator rated risk of bias (RoB), extracted data, and assessed certainty of evidence; a second checked accuracy. We analyzed English-language studies with low or medium RoB. We incorporated findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified in the prior reviews if new RCTs provided information on the same intervention comparison. Results. We identified 67 eligible references; 17 were unique RCTs. Among clinically rather than prostate specific antigen (PSA) detected CLPC, Watchful Waiting (WW) may increase mortality and metastases versus Radical Prostatectomy (RP) at 20+ years. Urinary and erectile dysfunction were lower with WW versus RP. WW’s effect on mortality may vary by tumor risk and age but not by race, health status, comorbidities, or PSA. Active Monitoring (AM) probably results in little to no difference in mortality in PSA detected CLPC versus RP or external beam radiation (EBR) plus Androgen Deprivation (AD) regardless of tumor risk. Metastases were slightly higher with AM. Harms were greater with RP than AM and mixed between EBR plus AD versus AM. 3D-conformal EBR and AD plus low-dose-rate brachytherapy (BT) provided a small reduction in all-cause mortality versus three dimensional conformal EBR and AD but little to no difference on metastases. EBR plus AD versus EBR alone may result in a small reduction in mortality and metastases in higher risk disease but may increase sexual harms. EBR plus neoadjuvant AD versus EBR plus concurrent AD may result in little to no difference in mortality and genitourinary toxicity. Conventionally fractionated EBR versus ultrahypofractionated EBR may result in little to no difference in mortality and metastases and urinary and bowel toxicity. Active Surveillance may result in fewer harms than photodynamic therapy and laparoscopic RP may result in more harms than robotic-assisted RP. Little information exists on other treatments. No studies assessed provider or hospital factors of RP comparative effectiveness. Conclusions. RP reduces mortality versus WW in clinically detected CLPC but causes more harms. Effectiveness may be limited to younger men or to those with intermediate risk disease and requires many years to occur. AM results in little to no mortality difference versus RP or EBR plus AD. EBR plus AD reduces mortality versus EBR alone in higher risk CLPC but may worsen sexual function. Adding low-dose-rate BT to 3D-conformal EBR and AD may reduce mortality in higher risk CLPC. RCTs in PSA-detected and MRI staged CLPC are needed.
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Wiecha, Jean L., and Mary K. Muth. Agreements Between Public Health Organizations and Food and Beverage Companies: Approaches to Improving Evaluation. RTI Press, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.op.0067.2101.

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Efforts in the United States and abroad to address the chronic disease epidemic have led to the emergence of voluntary industry agreements as a substitute for regulatory approaches to improve the healthfulness of foods and beverages. Because of the lack of access to data and limited budgets, evaluations of these agreements have often been limited to process evaluation with less focus on outcomes and impact. Increasing scientific scope and rigor in evaluating voluntary food and beverage industry agreements would improve potential public health benefits and understanding of the effects of these agreements. We describe how evaluators can provide formative, process, and outcome assessment and discuss challenges and opportunities for impact assessment. We explain how logic models, industry profiles, quasi-experimental designs, mixed-methods approaches, and third-party data can improve the effectiveness of agreement design and evaluation. These methods could result in more comprehensive and rigorous evaluation of voluntary industry agreements, thus providing data to bolster the public health impacts of future agreements. However, improved access to data and larger evaluation budgets will be needed to support improvements in evaluation.
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Lee, Jusang, John E. Haddock, Dario D. Batioja Alvarez, and Reyhaneh Rahbar Rastegar. Quality Control and Quality Assurance of Asphalt Mixtures Using Laboratory Rutting and Cracking Tests. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317087.

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The main objectives of this project were to review the available balanced-mix design (BMD) methodologies, understand the I-FIT and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) test methods using INDOT asphalt mixtures, and to explore the application of these tests to both a BMD approach and as performance-related Quality Control (QC) and Quality Acceptance (QA) methods. Two QA mixture specimen types, plant-mixed laboratory-compacted (PMLC) and plant-mixed field-compacted (PMFC) were used in the determination of cracking and rutting parameters. Distribution functions for the flexibility index (FI) values and rutting parameters were determined for various mixture types. The effects of specimen geometry and air voids contents on the calculated Flexibility Index (FI) and rutting parameters were investigated. The fatigue characteristics of selected asphalt mixtures were determined using the S-VECD test according to different FI levels for different conditions. A typical full-depth pavement section was implemented in FlexPAVE to explore the cracking characteristics of INDOT asphalt mixtures by investigating the relationship between the FI values of QA samples with the FlexPAVE pavement performance predictions. The FI values obtained from PMFC specimens were consistently higher than their corresponding PMLC specimens. This study also found that FI values were affected significantly by variations in specimen thickness and air voids contents, having higher FI values with higher air voids contents and thinner specimens. These observations do not agree with the general material-performance expectations that better cracking resistance is achieved with lower air voids content and thicker layers. Additionally, PG 70-22 mixtures show the lowest mean FI values followed by the PG 76-22 and 64-22 mixtures. The same order was observed from the ΔTc (asphalt binder cracking index) of INDOT’s 2017 and 2018 projects. Finally, it was found that the HWTT showed reasonable sensitivity to the different characteristics (e.g., aggregate sizes, binder types, and air voids contents) of asphalt mixtures. Mixtures containing modified asphalt binders showed better rut resistance and higher Rutting Resistance Index (RRI) than those containing unmodified binders.
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Pretari, Alexia, and Filippo Artuso. Resilience in Iraq: Impact Evaluation of the ‘Safe access to resilient livelihoods opportunities for vulnerable conflict-affected women in Kirkuk’ project. Oxfam GB, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8731.

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Between May 2016 and March 2018, Oxfam in Iraq, together with the Iraqi Al Amal Association (IAA), collaborated on the ‘Safe access to resilient livelihoods opportunities for vulnerable conflict-affected women in Kirkuk’ project. Funded by UN Women, the project marked the first collaboration between Oxfam and IAA (a women’s rights organization working in Kirkuk). The core themes of the project were women’s rights and economic justice. It aimed to reach women who had been displaced, were returnees at the time, or members of the communities to which displaced people had moved (host communities). This Effectiveness Review focuses on investigating the impact of support to income-generating activities on the women who received this support. The evaluation used a mixed methods design. Acknowledging that different women face different barriers and may have therefore benefitted differently from the project, an initial vulnerability assessment was carried out to bring an intersectional lens to the review. Configurational analysis was used to explore the project's impact, alongside different types of qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Carney, Nancy, Tamara Cheney, Annette M. Totten, Rebecca Jungbauer, Matthew R. Neth, Chandler Weeks, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly, et al. Prehospital Airway Management: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer243.

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Objective. To assess the comparative benefits and harms across three airway management approaches (bag valve mask [BVM], supraglottic airway [SGA], and endotracheal intubation [ETI]) by emergency medical services in the prehospital setting, and how the benefits and harms differ based on patient characteristics, techniques, and devices. Data sources. We searched electronic citation databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus®) from 1990 to September 2020 and reference lists, and posted a Federal Register notice request for data. Review methods. Review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program methods guidance. Using pre-established criteria, studies were selected and dual reviewed, data were abstracted, and studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Meta-analyses using profile-likelihood random effects models were conducted when data were available from studies reporting on similar outcomes, with analyses stratified by study design, emergency type, and age. We qualitatively synthesized results when meta-analysis was not indicated. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for primary outcomes (survival, neurological function, return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], and successful advanced airway insertion [for SGA and ETI only]). Results. We included 99 studies (22 randomized controlled trials and 77 observational studies) involving 630,397 patients. Overall, we found few differences in primary outcomes when airway management approaches were compared. • For survival, there was moderate SOE for findings of no difference for BVM versus ETI in adult and mixed-age cardiac arrest patients. There was low SOE for no difference in these patients for BVM versus SGA and SGA versus ETI. There was low SOE for all three comparisons in pediatric cardiac arrest patients, and low SOE in adult trauma patients when BVM was compared with ETI. • For neurological function, there was moderate SOE for no difference for BVM compared with ETI in adults with cardiac arrest. There was low SOE for no difference in pediatric cardiac arrest for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. In adults with cardiac arrest, neurological function was better for BVM and ETI compared with SGA (both low SOE). • ROSC was applicable only in cardiac arrest. For adults, there was low SOE that ROSC was more frequent with SGA compared with ETI, and no difference for BVM versus SGA or BVM versus ETI. In pediatric patients there was low SOE of no difference for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. • For successful advanced airway insertion, low SOE supported better first-pass success with SGA in adult and pediatric cardiac arrest patients and adult patients in studies that mixed emergency types. Low SOE also supported no difference for first-pass success in adult medical patients. For overall success, there was moderate SOE of no difference for adults with cardiac arrest, medical, and mixed emergency types. • While harms were not always measured or reported, moderate SOE supported all available findings. There were no differences in harms for BVM versus SGA or ETI. When SGA was compared with ETI, there were no differences for aspiration, oral/airway trauma, and regurgitation; SGA was better for multiple insertion attempts; and ETI was better for inadequate ventilation. Conclusions. The most common findings, across emergency types and age groups, were of no differences in primary outcomes when prehospital airway management approaches were compared. As most of the included studies were observational, these findings may reflect study design and methodological limitations. Due to the dynamic nature of the prehospital environment, the results are susceptible to indication and survival biases as well as confounding; however, the current evidence does not favor more invasive airway approaches. No conclusion was supported by high SOE for any comparison and patient group. This supports the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials designed to account for the variability and dynamic nature of prehospital airway management to advance and inform clinical practice as well as emergency medical services education and policy, and to improve patient-centered outcomes.
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Yusrina, Asri, Ulfah Alifia, Shintia Revina, Rezanti Putri Pramana, and Luhur Bima. Is the Game Worth the Candle? Examining the Effectiveness of Initial Teacher Education in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/106.

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An impactful teacher education programme equips teachers with knowledge and skills to improve their effectiveness. Empirical findings on the effectiveness of teacher preparation programmes show that the accountability of institutions and teachers should not only be based on the knowledge or skills produced but also on student learning. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a pre-service teacher education programme in Indonesia, known as Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan or PPG. PPG is a one-year full-time programme in addition to four years of undergraduate teacher education (Bachelor of Education). PPG graduate teachers pass a selection process and receive a teaching certificate upon completion of the programme. We use mixed methods to understand the differences in the outcome of PPG graduates majoring in primary school teacher education to their counterparts who did not attend PPG. To estimate the impact of PPG, we exploit the combination of rules and events in the selection process which allows us to estimate the impact of PPG on teacher performance using fuzzy regression discontinuity design (RDD). Once we attest to the validity of the fuzzy RDD, we find that PPG has no impact on a teacher’s professional knowledge and student outcomes in numeracy and literacy. We argue that this is due to the ineffective selection mechanism in distinguishing the PPG and the comparison group. We conclude that as an initial teacher training programme, PPG did not improve teacher effectiveness. Despite incorporating best practices from effective teacher training into the programme design, PPG does not appear capable of producing a higher-quality teacher.
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