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Journal articles on the topic 'Concurrent crimes'
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1
Byung-Gak Choi. "Codes Competition, Compound Crimes, and Concurrent Crimes." Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 18, no. 4 (December 2016): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23894/kjccl.2016.18.4.019.
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Changsup Lee. "Principle of Punishment for Concurrent Crimes and Punishment for Ex Post Concurrent Crimes." Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 18, no. 4 (December 2016): 439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23894/kjccl.2016.18.4.020.
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Burchfield, Keri B. "The Nature of Animal Crime: Scope and Severity in Chicago." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 14 (July 13, 2017): 1904–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717719515.
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This study sought to contribute to our sociological understanding of animal crime. Using Chicago Police Department data that include primary and secondary charges of all animal crimes between 2009 and 2012, findings indicate that most animal crime offenders were male, African American or Hispanic, and under 35 years. When other crimes were committed with animal crime, they were likely drug or weapons offenses. Juveniles arrested for animal crimes tended to commit more severe animal crimes than adult offenders. Finally, regression results indicated that race was positively related to animal crime severity, while concurrent drug offenses were inversely related to animal crime severity. Implications for theory, research, and policy are discussed.
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Crodelle, Jennifer, Celeste Vallejo, Markus Schmidtchen, Chad M. Topaz, and Maria R. D’Orsogna. "Impacts of California Proposition 47 on crime in Santa Monica, California." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): e0251199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251199.
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We examine patterns of reported crime in Santa Monica, California before and after the passage of Proposition 47, a 2014 initiative that reclassified some non-violent felonies as misdemeanors. We also investigate impacts of the opening of four new light rail stations in 2016 and of increased community-based policing starting in late 2018. Our statistical analyses of reclassified crimes—larceny, fraud, possession of narcotics, forgery, receiving/possessing stolen property—and non-reclassified ones are based on publicly available reported crime data from 2006 to 2019. These analyses examine reported crime at various levels: city-wide, within eight neighborhoods, and within a 450-meter radius of the new transit stations. Monthly reported reclassified crimes increased city-wide by approximately 15% after enactment of Proposition 47, with a significant drop observed in late 2018. Downtown exhibited the largest overall surge. Reported non-reclassified crimes fell overall by approximately 9%. Areas surrounding two new train stations, including Downtown, saw significant increases in reported crime after train service began. While reported reclassified crimes increased after passage of Proposition 47, non-reclassified crimes, for the most part, decreased or stayed constant, suggesting that Proposition 47 may have impacted reported crime in Santa Monica. Reported crimes decreased in late 2018 concurrent with the adoption of new community-based policing measures. Follow-up studies needed to confirm long-term trends may be challenging due to the COVID-19 pandemic that drastically changed societal conditions. While our research detects changes in reported crime, it does not provide causative explanations. Our work, along with other considerations relevant to public utility, respect for human rights, and existence of socioeconomic disparities, may be useful to law enforcement and policymakers to assess the overall effect of Proposition 47.
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Abdulkadir, Abdulrazaq O. "Enforcement Quandary in Maritime Crimes: Espousing the Tangle of Prescriptive Jurisdiction." Pancasila and Law Review 4, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/plr.v4i1.2773.
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It is inconceivable to have crimes without laws created prescribing or enforcing them. There must also be in existence a concomitant authority, either a state or an institution vested with the capacity to enforce these laws. In cases those crimes that occur on land, it is usually straightforward to determine the body vested with the legal power to prescribe and enforce these claims. Through qualitative and quantitative sampling, this study argues that for crimes that occur on the sea; territorial, internal or high seas, determining the state with jurisdiction is not so clear. This is because there is the possibility that various states could have competing rights to prescribe, adjudicate and enforce criminal laws in relation to a criminal offense. It is therefore important that a survey of these competing/concurrent rights of states be carried out. This research also investigates whether, by international law, these rights are actually concurrent or whether one is superior to the other. It also carried out an assessment of how the concurrent rights of states are exercised and how conflicts are resolved when they occur. The research founds that in real terms, one should be superior to the others and not so concurrent.
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Alfiantiko, Rizky, and Andi Widiatno. "TINJAUAN YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA TANPA HAK MEMANIPULASI INFORMASI ELEKTRONIK SECARA BERSAMA-SAMA (STUDI PUTUSAN NO.359/PID.SUS/2021/PN JKT.SEL)." AMICUS CURIAE 1, no. 1 (March 12, 2024): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/amicus.v1i1.18142.
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In this era of globalization, data has become an important matter in one's identity where the data certainly has loopholes for people who want to take advantage in illegal ways, one of which is by manipulating electronic information. Manipulation of electronic information is a crime that enters the realm of cyber. The development of the digital world has led to new variations in committing crimes, one of which is related to concurrent regulations or Concursus Idealis. The legal basis for the crime of manipulating electronic information is regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. With the concomitant regulation of the crime of forgery of letters, this is the basis for the creation of this article using the Literature Study method, a type ofnormatif juridical research, with the nature of analytical descriptive research,and drawing conclusions using deductive logic. There are concurrent regulations carried out by actors in manipulating electronic information where the crime of forging letters is one part of the criminal act that is incorporated in it which is carried out in collaboration
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BONAFÉ, BEATRICE I. "Coordinating concurrent legal orders in the prosecution of international crimes." Global Constitutionalism 2, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 316–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045381713000087.
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AbstractInternational criminal law provides a particularly interesting case study for the proliferation of legal orders as it helps to understand the types of uncertainties their interaction may entail with respect to the position of the individual as well as the solutions that may be adopted in that respect. This article analyses a selected number of substantive and procedural uncertainties that originate in the relationship between international criminal law and domestic legal orders. The purpose of the discussion is to identify the particular legal devices that have been elaborated in order to ensure the coordination between these legal orders, and to suggest areas in which a better coordination is still to be achieved.
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Leake Mekonen Tesfay. "Concurrence of Crimes under Ethiopian Law: General Principles vis-à-vis Tax Law." Mizan Law Review 17, no. 1 (October 20, 2023): 81–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v17i1.3.
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One or successive act(s) may lead to multiple criminality. According to the principle of unity of guilt and penalty, however, one provision punishes the combination of acts flowing from a single criminal guilt. This principle applies to crimes in Ethiopia’s Criminal Code and in special penal legislations, unless otherwise provided. This article examines the application of general criminal law provisions to special penal legislations, using tax crimes as illustration. The author argues that the tax legislations do not have, and do not need, special rules on concurrence of crimes. Except for acts committed in different tax periods with renewed criminal guilt, tax evasion is the major offence and prosecution/conviction for other predicate offences should be considered only where the evidence is deficient to prove tax evasion. The author also argues that enacting penal law is the power of the Federal Government and regional states may penalize only matters not covered by the federal penal law. This, as a rule, precludes concurrent criminal liability for a single act based on federal and state laws. However, in the context of separate federal and state taxation powers, a single act may simultaneously violate federal and state tax laws.
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Pechorro, Pedro, James V. Ray, Adrian Raine, João Maroco, and Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves. "The Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire: Validation Among a Portuguese Sample of Incarcerated Juvenile Delinquents." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 13 (June 24, 2015): 1995–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515590784.
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The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) among a forensic sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders ( N = 221). The Portuguese version of the RPQ demonstrated promising psychometric properties, namely, in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity that generally justifies its use among this population. Statistically significant associations were found with conduct disorder, age of criminal onset, age of first problem with the law, crime seriousness, physical violence use in committing crimes, alcohol use, cannabis use, cocaine/heroin use, and having unprotected sex. The findings provide additional support for the extension of the RPQ across different cultures, ethnic groups, and samples.
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Dubois, Olivier. "Rwanda's national criminal courts and the International Tribunal." International Review of the Red Cross 37, no. 321 (December 1997): 717–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400077809.
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Questions inevitably arise about the concurrent competence and complementary nature of an international tribunal and national courts, and about cooperation between them. Those questions may well apply to any State on earth because, by virtue of the principle of universal competence, many crimes which international tribunals are competent to try may also be tried by any State irrespective of the place where they are committed or the nationality of the perpetrator.
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윤동호. "Single or several crime and compound or concurrent crimes on the illegal acquisition and use of another person’s credit card." Journal of Criminal Law 29, no. 1 (March 2017): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21795/kcla.2017.29.1.67.
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윤동호. "In case of procedural fraud and false registration being functionally closely associated with each other, single or several crime and compound or concurrent crimes." Journal of Criminal Law 28, no. 1 (March 2016): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21795/kcla.2016.28.1.101.
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CHIȚIMIA, Tudor-Andrei. "Implicațiile Deciziei RIL X(10)/2005 asupra recidivei și asupra modalității de sancționare a concursului de infracțiuni în cazul grațierii antecondamnatorii." Analele Universitării din București Drept - Forum Juridic 2021, no. 3 (October 12, 2021): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/aubd-fj.2021.3.02.
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This research seeks to analyse the effects produced in matters of pardon and plurality of crimes by the High Court of Cassation and Justice’s Decision X(10)/2005. Although the modality of sanctioning the concurrent crimes established by the supreme court seems fair from the convict’s point of view, the benefit resulted from the pardon is doubled in an unjustified manner. This way, the prior pardon would also remove an eventual state of recidivism, besides the forgiveness of the punishment’s execution applied by the court. As a result, it will be brought up for discussion a principle created by the criminal law’s older literature, followed by the corroboration between the arguments in favour of this principle, the other opinions of the criminal law’s literature in this matter and some national courts decisions. These will be done with the purpose to suggest a possible solution for solving this law issue which respects the effects that pardon can legally produce. Later, we will also compare this problematic with some particular hypotheses which can occur in practice. In the end, we will present another mandatory jurisprudence of the supreme court which is in contradiction with the decision from which the assumption of this article was made.
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Kim, Hyuncheol. "Permission Scope of Appeal against Part of Decision and Trial Scope of Appellate Court in Appeal against Part of Decision of Concurrent Crimes." Institute for Legal Studies Chonnam National University 40, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.38133/cnulawreview.2020.40.2.97.
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Vachev, Valeri. "Odpowiedzialność karna urzędnika za szkodę wyrządzoną przez drzewo lub krzew wskutek niedopełnienia obowiązków służbowych." Radca Prawny, no. 2 (27) (2021): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23921943rp.21.013.14206.
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Criminal liability of an administrative official for damages caused by a tree or a bush as a result of professional negligence The article focuses on the analysis of the dogmatic grounds of criminal liability of administrative officials that manage urban green areas for damages caused by the fall of a tree or a bush. The main focus of the discussion revolves around criminal liability for the failure to remove a plant as a result of the unintentional professional negligence by public officials (Article 231 § 3 of the Polish Penal Code). Particular attention is directed toward the issue of compliance of the crime of professional negligence with the constitutional standard of definiteness (nullum crimen sine lege certa). The text also discusses the possibility of incurring criminal liability for the aforementioned actions on the basis of certain types of common crimes and considers cases of potential concurrence of regulations and crimes.
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Yuhermansyah, Edi. "Perbarengan Tindak Pidana Menurut Hukum Pidana Islam (Analisis Putusan Hakim Nomor 39/Pid.B/2019/Pn.Tdn)." Jurnal Justisia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial 7, no. 1 (June 26, 2022): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/justisia.v7i1.12877.
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Concurrent criminal acts often occur in the community, even in the process many have been resolved in court, one of these cases is the Tanjungpandan District Court Decision Number 39/Pid.B/2019/PN.Tdn. In this decision, the perpetrator was charged with committing a crime concurrently between premeditated murder and theft in aggravating conditions. In this paper, the main issue raised is about how the judge's considerations in imposing sentences on the perpetrators and the review of Islamic criminal law against the concurrent criminal acts in the decision. This paper is presented with a literature study, with the type of normative legal research (juridical-normative). This paper concludes that the reasons and considerations of the judge in sentencing the perpetrators of the crime of premeditated murder and theft in Decision Number 39/Pid.B/2019/PN.Tdn include two criteria, namely the case of premeditated murder through Article 340 of the Criminal Code. In the review of Islamic criminal law, the concurrent crime of murder and theft is included in the theory of al-jabb, namely a punishment that can absorb other punishments, namely the death penalty.
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Inazumi, Mitsue. "The Regional Difference on Human Rights and Criminal Justice: Judicial Self-Determination Lost through the Suppression from Western States? Universal Jurisdiction and Prohibition of the Death Penalty." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 1, no. 2 (2013): 188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340020.
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Abstract States in different regions have different visions and interpretations of international law on how to achieve the goal of protecting human rights, and these differences are causing some conflicts between European states and non-European states. This article examines such conflicts in the field of criminal justice – in the exercise of extradition, universal jurisdiction, and the death penalty. In the field of international criminal law, there are new norms emerging, for example, a rule (referred in this article as ‘the Rule’) that in a situation of concurrent jurisdictions, the court that conducts a fair trial by providing sufficient human rights protection should proceed with the prosecution. In accordance with the Rule, European states decide to exercise their own jurisdiction over cases committed abroad by foreigners, and refuse to extradite a suspect when he or she is likely to face a death penalty or impartial trial. However, the practices of European states in applying new norms in accordance with their understandings of a fair trial and prohibition of the death penalty invited opposition from those states whose national jurisdiction is denied or defeated. They are criticised as an infringement of state sovereignty, or as an unreasonable compulsion of Western values. Such opposition can be observed in the aggressive response from African states asserting that the universal jurisdiction exercised by European states over African officials for crimes committed in Africa contradicts the sovereign equality and independence of African states, thus evoking memories of colonialism. Also, although the influence of the prohibition of death penalty by European states is reflected on the Japan-EU Agreement on the Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, Japan continues to retain the death penalty.
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Handoko, Panggung. "Law Enforcement On Deforestation Forests Conservation In Indonesia." International Journal Of Community Service 3, no. 4 (November 29, 2023): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijcs.v3i4.193.
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This research aims to analyze the application of multi-layered crimes in cases of environmental damage as in the case in the Malang District Court decision Number: 76/Pid.B/LH/2022/PN Mlg. with the occurrence of two criminal acts, namely not having a mining permit in a forest area and an act that intentionally caused forest damage. The formulation of the problem in this research is the qualifications of criminal acts of environmental damage and what the judge considers in imposing multiple criminal sanctions in case number: 76/Pid.B/LH/2022/PN Mlg. This research uses normative juridical research methods, as well as using a statutory approach and a case approach.Based on the results of the research and discussion, to determine whether damage to protected forests has occurred is to qualify the criminal act of environmental damage that has been carried out, that the elements of the criminal act related to the subject are defined as the party responsible, there is an element of error by knowing that the criminal act has been committed, the act that is unlawful, namely as violating the provisions in Article 89 paragraph (1) letter a jo. Article 17 paragraph (1) letter b of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction related to carrying out mining in forest areas without the Minister's permission and Article 98 paragraph (1) of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management by exceeding ambient air quality standards, water quality standards, sea water quality standards, or standard criteria for environmental damage and the implementation of concurrent actions (a real collision) is closely related to this research.
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Mendlow, Gabriel. "Thoughts, Crimes, and Thought Crimes." Michigan Law Review, no. 118.5 (2020): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.118.5.thoughts.
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Thought crimes are the stuff of dystopian fiction, not contemporary law. Or so we’re told. Yet our criminal legal system may in a sense punish thought regularly, even as our existing criminal theory lacks the resources to recognize this state of affairs for what it is—or to explain what might be wrong with it. The beginning of wisdom lies in the seeming rhetorical excesses of those who complain that certain terrorism and hate crime laws punish offenders for their malevolent intentions while purporting to punish them for their conduct. Behind this too-easily-written-off complaint is a half-buried precept of criminal jurisprudence, one that this Essay aims to excavate, elaborate, and defend: that the proper target of an offender’s punishment is always the criminal action itself, not the offender’s associated mental state conceived as a separate wrong. Taken seriously, this precept would change how we punish an assortment of criminal offenses, from attempts to hate crimes to terrorism. It also would change how we conceive the criminal law’s core axioms, especially the poorly understood but surprisingly important doctrine of concurrence.
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Piparo, Carlo. "Criminal liability models and criminal participation in the digital environment: A modern challenge in the perspective of Italian constitutionalism." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 57, no. 4 (2023): 1357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns57-47113.
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The rapid progression and widespread integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have ushered in a new era of sweeping social and legal transformations. Among the many groundbreaking advancements, Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a pivotal force, permeating nearly every facet of our daily lives. From the realms of commerce and industry to healthcare, transportation, and entertainment, Artificial Intelligence technologies have become indispensable tools shaping the way we interact, work, and navigate the world around us. With its remarkable capabilities and ever-expanding reach, Artificial intelligence stands as a testament to humanity's relentless pursuit of innovation and the boundless potential of technology to revolutionize society. While completing all the tasks they are programmed for, Artificial Intelligence systems can perform actions, which could result in crimes if committed by humans. But crimes follow the reserve of law, therefore can be difficult to criminalize such crimes because of the lack of written law. Nevertheless, in modern legal systems, the structure of crimes doesn't only require the commission of a typical fact, but also the determination to do it. In this scenario, being Artificial Intelligence a non-human entity, the reconstruction of criminal responsibility is particularly difficult to theorize. This is mainly true because of the peculiar nature of the environment the machine lives in: the digital environment is made of a digital reality, and many of its actors (for example algorithms, protocols, and programs) are not even human and can only exist in that reality. This means that in this environment, machines can act, determine themselves and possibly commit crimes with or without a human user. This scenario makes it necessary to analyze Artificial Intelligence crimes in the light of common ones, using the ordinary law discipline. This analysis allows users (lawyers, judges, and scholars) to use three traditional liability models: "the perpetration-via-another", "the natural probable consequence", and "the direct liability". Through these models, users can assess whether the machine committed a crime. Nevertheless, the three liability models supra mentioned open the door to a totally modern scenario: the man-machine concurrence (the concurrence between man and Artificial Intelligence algorithm). In fact, if theorizing the liability of the machine comes with challenges, it is even more complicated to adapt to modern Constitutions the concurrence between the living and the digital. Indeed, it is necessary to assess whether a machine can commit crimes (or it is just an instrument), determine how the machine can concur with a human, and how much responsibility can be addressed to it. This paper wants to analyze the peculiarities of Artificial Intelligence, deconstruct three possible Artificial Intelligence liability models, and, finally, theorize the criminal participation man-machine through the lenses of Italian law.
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Mendoza Calderón, Galileo Galilei. "The crime of omission of family assistance and its possibility ofcompliance in the criminal process." QuantUNAB 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2024): e68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52807/aebr0t26.
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In order to provide the Public Ministry with greater weapons, Legislative Decree No. 1194 was issued at the time,which regulates the immediate process, logically for cases of flagrante delicto, establishing its use as mandatoryfor omission of family assistance crimes. and driving while intoxicated, however, to date these courts have becomemere procedural courts in “maintenance” processes, since in the vast majority they are only initiated withoutverification of the objective budgets and subjective of the crime; However, a problem has been noted, which isthat the real economic capacity of the accused is not determined, which should have been established throughextra-penal means, at the time of indicating the amount of alimony, when his real capacity to comply should have been objectively established. through an evidentiary activity (evidence trial), which can undoubtedly lead him to be exempt from criminal liability when the concurrence of the criminal elements is not met or proven, for which he is prosecuted in this case for the crime of omission of family assistance.
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Mendoza Calderón, Galileo Galilei. "The crime of omission of family assistance and its possibility ofcompliance in the criminal process." QuantUNAB 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2023): e68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52807/qunab.v2i1.68.
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In order to provide the Public Ministry with greater weapons, Legislative Decree No. 1194 was issued at the time,which regulates the immediate process, logically for cases of flagrante delicto, establishing its use as mandatoryfor omission of family assistance crimes. and driving while intoxicated, however, to date these courts have becomemere procedural courts in “maintenance” processes, since in the vast majority they are only initiated withoutverification of the objective budgets and subjective of the crime; However, a problem has been noted, which isthat the real economic capacity of the accused is not determined, which should have been established throughextra-penal means, at the time of indicating the amount of alimony, when his real capacity to comply should have been objectively established. through an evidentiary activity (evidence trial), which can undoubtedly lead him to be exempt from criminal liability when the concurrence of the criminal elements is not met or proven, for which he is prosecuted in this case for the crime of omission of family assistance.
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Garofalo, Luigi. "POJĘCIA I ŻYWOTNOŚĆ RZYMSKIEGO PRAWA KARNEGO." Zeszyty Prawnicze 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2003.3.1.01.
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THE NOTIONS AND VITALITY OF THE ROMAN CRIMINAL LAWSummary In the recent studies one tends to revaluate the influence of the Roman criminal law on the later penal doctrine, as well as the achievements of the Roman criminal law itself, rejecting the previous theories presenting it as significantly inferior. It is noticed in this study that the medieval jurists idolized the Roman law, adopted it to the new circumstances, and obviously made mistakes interpreting it. And thus the influence of the Roman jurisprudence on the penal doctrine of the ius commune Europe was thoroughly substantial. Notwithstanding the popular opinion also many of the Enlightenment jurists (as, for instance, Gaetano Filangieri and Francesco Mario Pagano) not only knew but also benefited from the Roman criminal law legacy. The doctrine of crime of the successive period was less inspired by the Roman criminal law, which however did not totally lose its significance. It still had some indirect influence, as the nineteenth century codifiers did not stop using the notions of criminal law shaped-up by the mediaeval jurists overwhelmingly impressed by the Roman law.The main part of the study presents a brief overview of the Roman criminal law, especially of the principal rules constituting today the general part of criminal law, principles which could be directly or indirectly found in the experience of the Roman prudentes. It is pointed out that the only Roman lawyer who tried classifying Roman criminal law was Claudius Saturninus (D. 48,19,16). His classification is later discussed in the article as well as some of the crimina (public law crimes), observing that the Romans never separated the Roman criminal law from ius. On this occasion it is underlined that one of the rules often ascribed to the Romans, nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali, not only was not their own invention but it was clearly contrary to the criminal law practice in their times (the principle itself being probably formulated only by a German lawyer, Feuerbach). The Romans tried describing the subjective and objective element of the crime as well as presenting various defences available to the culprits (e.g., age, necessity, self-defence, mistake, etc).In the last part o f the paper the possible influence of the Roman criminal law constructions on the Middle Ages is pondered over. The often wrong interpretations of the ancient sources led to some embarrassment and paradoxes. This explains Baldus’ famous statement allowing the judge to construe the (Roman) statute according to the principles of the ius commune, which would in turn revive the statute and save it from an inevitable decay. The mediaeval lawyers studied and analysed the figures of deliberate misconduct and unintentional negligence (anyway without further effects in clarifying vague issue o f the subjective element of the crime). Some of the defences, like the most important figure of self-defence, known and elaborated in the Roman law came to the teachings and studies of the doctores in their original shape and significance, sometimes even stimulating further development of the penal doctrine. The mediaeval ius commune jurists adopted Roman considerations applying different responsibility regarding the doer’s age as well as Roman systématisations of the crimes subordinated to various legal principles. And therefore the doctores, following the Roman example, drew a line between public and private crimes, these which were officially prosecuted and those which were brought to court on a basis of a private motion. The jurists distinguished between lay-public and ecclesiastical crimes, between ordinary and peculiar offences, dishonourable and regular wrong-doings. Similarly the mediaeval lawyers took over the Roman considerations about attempt and iter criminis as well as concurrence of crimes and offenders.In conclusion the paper, wishing for a future development of the studies on the subject, summarises that the theoretical solutions and considerations in the Roman criminal law wrought out above by the classical jurisprudence outlived their times and became the source of the doctrinal inspirations in the coming centuries.
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Berchanskiy, Kirill Alekseevich. "Failure to render medical aid to the patient (Article 124 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) as an intended crime: a concurring opinion." Юридические исследования, no. 4 (April 2021): 24–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2021.4.35080.
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The subject of this research the judicial practice of Russian courts for the period from 2010 to 2020 on crimes qualified under the Article 124 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The subject also includes: relevant provisions of the Russian, Soviet and foreign legislation; doctrinal research dedicated to such types of crimes and iatrogenic crimes in general; as well as crimes with two elements of guilt. The goal is to indicated the discrepancies in the practice of Russian courts, clarify the contributing circumstances, and develop proposals for their elimination. The scientific novelty of this work is dictated by integrity of the used data and methods, previously undisclosed factors of law enforcement and doctrinal contradictions, as well as conclusions that are formulated in the Russian criminal law science for the first time. The first conclusion of this research consists in determination of essential contradictions in the practice of Russian courts with regards to application of the Article 124 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Failure to render medical aid to the patient”. The author established that the reason for these contradictions lies in disparity of the researchers in the question of the subjective side of the crime. The cause of this phenomenon is of complex nature, including the influence of the previously refuted theory of the “mixed” element of guilt. The main result of this research consists in substantiation possibility of establishing the two elements of guilt in the act qualified under the Article 124 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which however results from the flaws of the legal technique. As a solution to this problem, the author offers the projects of reforming the domestic criminal law based on the adapted provisions of the German criminal law.
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Adi, Isaac, and Joel Udochukwu Onyebuchi. "BANDITRY IN NIGERIA’S NORTHWEST: A REFLECTIVE PERSPECTIVE." Caleb Journal of Social and Management Science 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26772/cjsms2020050206.
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The menace of crime around the globe has raised the question of what underscore security. It draws attention to how criminals and their activities can be nipped in the bud. The concurrence of banditry activities in Nigeria's northwest region remains a ready case for discussion, giving the escalation in the number of cases of cattle rustling, kidnapping and other dreadful incidences affecting the residents of the region. The qualitative methodology was employed in the conduct of the research. The researcher paid a keen attention to the different forms of crimes around the above location and how best to keep it under check. It was observed that the region is volatile with the presence of an array of criminal elements who have overtime posed a humongous threat to the region, and the sovereignty of the Nigerian state as a whole. It was however, opined that, for peace and tranquility to return to the Northwest region of Nigeria currently bedeviled by nefarious activities of bandits, stakeholders at all levels must own the troubles by consciously agreeing to stamp out all enemies of peace. Furthermore, the paper recommended that the government should apply judicial jurisprudence in the prosecution of suspects arrested according to extant laws. Keywords: Banditry, Crime, Nigeria’s northwest
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Sommers, Ira, and Deborah R. Baskin. "Situational or Generalized Violence in Drug Dealing Networks." Journal of Drug Issues 27, no. 4 (October 1997): 833–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269702700411.
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It has been contended that women's participation in drug markets has had a tremendous impact on female involvement in nondrug crimes, especially such violent offenses as robbery and assault. Systemic violence in drug selling, however, may be spuriously related to other etiological factors in violence and crime commission, rather than a function of social processes unique to drug selling. Violence within and apart from the context of drug dealing is compared for women involved in various types of drug distribution activities. Life history interviews were conducted with 156 female drug sellers from two New York City neighborhoods. The findings suggest that violence among drug sellers, including females, appears to reflect the concurrence of two processes: the self-selection of people who routinely use violence in their broader social and economic interactions, and the neighborhood itself, in which violence is taught, practiced, and maintained as a way of negotiating the social realities of street and domestic life.
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Le Nguyen, Chat. "National criminal jurisdiction over transnational financial crimes." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 4 (January 27, 2020): 1361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2019-0117.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the international standards for establishing national jurisdiction over the transnational crimes of money laundering and bribery and identify challenges to the adoption of those standards by different states in practice. Design/methodology/approach This paper, first, defines transnational money laundering and transnational bribery; then, it examines the legal bases and principles on which a state can claim criminal jurisdiction over these offences. This paper also discusses the application of jurisdictional conditions in a transnational context and how to deal with the problems arising from national claim of jurisdiction over these offences, for example, jurisdictional concurrence. Findings This paper argues that when the jurisdictional concurrence occurs, the involved states should consult one another by taking into account a number of relevant factors and take the “centre of gravity” approach to deciding which state or forum should prosecute eventually. States less able to establish jurisdiction over the offences are often those which have a weak legal basis and/or insufficient resources. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this article would be the good guidance on how a state could claim jurisdiction over the offences of transnational money laundering and transnational bribery.
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Vashkevich, Alla Vasilyevna, Aleksander Vladimirovich Nikishkin, Boris Vasilyevich Epifanov, Ramin Anatolievich Ramazanov, and Victoria Anatolievna Smorodina. "Problems of determining the mental element in crime under article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation." SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110802010.
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It should be mentioned that any particular traffic accident is most often a concurrence of a number of causes and factors associated with any of the subsystems “Driver – Car – Road – Environment”. As evidenced by judicial practice, crimes under Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are traditionally qualified by courts as committed in a careless form of guilt in the form of criminal flippancy. However, there may exist doubts about the correct assessment of the mental element in these crimes. The main question is if these crimes were intentional. The relevance of the study is conditional upon the need to develop a system of prevention of road traffic injuries and improve the effectiveness of measures to prevent them. The purpose of the study is to analyze theoretical problems and the results of empirical observation for road safety. This article is devoted to the relevant problem of accurate determination of the form of guilt in violation by the person driving the vehicle of road traffic regulations on the example of the analysis of the crime under Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Violation of road traffic regulations and the rules of operation of vehicles.” In the preparation of the article, general scientific methods (dialectical, logical, socio-scientific method, method of system analysis) and interdisciplinary methods (sociological, statistical, method of the research of specific facts) were used. The novelty of the study is in an attempt to deeply analyze and interpret the practical application of the provisions of Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, identify the problem of accurate determination of the form of the guilt of the mentioned act committed by the person driving the vehicle when violating road traffic regulations or the rules operation of vehicles.
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Marceau, Nicolas, and Steeve Mongrain. "Dissuasion du crime et concurrence entre juridictions." Revue d'économie politique 112, no. 6 (2002): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/redp.126.0905.
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Jovanović, Slađana. "The concurrence of crimes and the problem of alternative intent." Crimen 11, no. 1 (2020): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/crimen2001050j.
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Simović, Miodrag, Marina Simović, and Vladimir Simović. "SENTENCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT IN THE LAW OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND CASE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS." Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law 59, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.59.1.3.
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In the system of measures of societal reaction towards the perpetrators of criminal offences, all the modern criminal laws, including the new legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, recognise sentences in the first place. They are the main types of criminal sanctions whose purpose can be achieved to the fullest, and that is the protection of society and social goods from all forms and types of injury and threat caused by the commission of criminal offences. Given that in the structure of criminal offences occur those with serious consequences, violating the highest social values, committed with a severe form of guilt by a repeat offender, in concurrence or by a group or organised crime group, it is logical that all penal systems recognise the harshest sentence - longterm or life imprisonment - especially after the abolition of the death sentence - capital punishment, for the severest forms of crimes. The paper analyses issues related to the harshest sentence, long-term, or life imprisonment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the special emphasis on the European Court of Human Rights case law.
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Nguyen, Holly. "On the Conceptualization of Criminal Capital." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 57, no. 2 (August 27, 2019): 182–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427819869422.
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Objectives: The first objective of this study is to provide a conceptualization of criminal capital. The second objective is to present an illustrative analysis of dimensionality and concurrent validity of criminal capital acquired in prison. Methods: One hundred eight inmates in three correctional reentry facilities in a mid-Atlantic state were interviewed at two times: in prison and nine months postrelease. Postrelease interviews included six items that tapped into criminal human capital and criminal social capital acquired in prison. Factor structure was examined with confirmatory factor analysis, and item response theory was used to examine each of the items. Regression models examined concurrent validity for the criminal capital construct on the willingness to offend, perceived rewards to crime, illegal earnings expectations, and making money from crime. Results: Criminal human capital and criminal social capital acquired in prison represent a single unidimensional latent construct. Regression models demonstrated concurrent validity for the criminal capital construct. Conclusions: Working toward a consistent conceptualization of criminal capital is important for a cohesive body of knowledge. Future work should investigate how dimensionality and validity differ across contexts.
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Dubois, Olivier. "Les juridictions pénales nationales du Rwanda et le Tribunal international." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 79, no. 828 (December 1997): 763–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100057257.
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La question de la concurrence de compétence, de la complémentarité et de la coopération entre un tribunal international et des juridictions nationales est inévitable. Potentiellement, elle se pose à l'endroit de tous les États de la planète, car nombre de crimes pour lesquels les tribunaux internationaux sont compétents sont également des crimes que peuvent connaître tous les États, quels que soient le lieu de commission ou la nationalité de l'auteur, en application du principe de compétence universelle.
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Kim, Hyekyung. "Disposition and Imputation of Inalienable Legal Interest." Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 38, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2022.38.4.51.
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The Supreme Court is always consistent in that the protective legal interest of the crime of intrusion on housing is “de facto peace” However, when there are several people living in the same space, only the establishment of the crime has been analyzed, and the number of crimes has not been discussed. If there are a few of people who belong to the exclusive legal interest, it is impossible to share or transfer the legal interest as well as to succeed due to the possibility of transfer of the legal interest. Therefore, if there are several people living in the shared house, the protection legal interests must be recognized as overlapping as the number of residents. At this time, it should be understood that the infringement of protective legal interests due to a single act of invasion of housing exists as much as the number of residents. In this case, if conceptual concurrence is recognized, there is a concern of excessive evaluation of illegality, so here, would like to admit inclusive crime.
If the actor recognizes that some of the inaliennable legal interests agree and some explicitly reject them, the actor violates the legal interests of the deniers because there is an intention to invade the rejected people. Therefore, the crime is not established because the constituent requirements are understood and the applicability of the constituent requirements is carved, but the crime of some of the inclusive crime does not affect the establishment of the inclusive crime for the rejected. In other words, the crime of housebreaking is established.
However, if an actor who does not know the internal circumstances between people sharing the space enters with some consent, actor does not recognize the disagreement of others, so the intention cannot be established for the legal interest, and as a result, there is no intention of housing invasion for those who disagree. In addition, due to the nature of the intrusion act, the presence of the actor's intention depends on the ‘recognition’ of consent by the resident unless it is abnormal access, and that is the situation at the site facing the actor.
Through such arguments, here, if there are several people with the legal interest of de facto peace in the shared space, the establishment of the crime of house intrusion was resolved as inclusive crime. Although there are some deficiencies in the logical outcome process, this is also a task to be solved in the future in the process of argumentation.
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Suedfeld, Peter, and J. L. Granatstein. "Leader Complexity in Personal and Professional Crises: Concurrent and Retrospective Information Processing." Political Psychology 16, no. 3 (September 1995): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3792224.
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Et. al., Ilias Said ,. "Built Environment Professionals Awareness Towards Crime Prevention Criteria In Malaysian Housing Development." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.516.
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The crime rates increase yearly concurrent with the growth of the Malaysian population. Without considering the comfortable and safe environment during the pre-development stage, housing development will increase the Malaysian crime rate. The built environment professionals know well the crime prevention criteria that should consider by housing developers. This paper examines the relationship between crime prevention criteria and awareness of built environment professionals in Malaysian housing development. The crime prevention criteria are layout design, building design, parking, access and walkways, landscape and urban design elements, lighting, safety equipment, management and maintenance, community and occupant attitude. The data collection chose quantitative methodology. In total, 191 built environment professionals working with developers registered under the Real Estate and Housing Developers Association of Malaysia (REHDA) were involved in this study. In total, the further analysis used 191 sets of questionnaires. This study's main findings are the lighting and occupant attitude significantly contribute to crime prevention that built environment professionals considered to implement in Malaysian housing.
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Tubakovic, Tamara. "The failure of regional refugee protection and responsibility sharing: Policy neglect in the EU and ASEAN." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 28, no. 2 (April 25, 2019): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196819841094.
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The concurrent refugee crises affecting the European Union (EU) and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) brought to the fore long-standing issues regarding regional cooperation on refugee protection and responsibility sharing. This article argues that these crises are a culmination of years of policy neglect. By comparing the EU and ASEAN, this article demonstrates the weaknesses of regional bodies in responding to refugee challenges, regardless of the level of institutionalization of refugee norms and practices. In both instances, procedural norms privileging member state interests and consensus have hindered the development of durable regional refugee policies.
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Sonin, K. I. "Economics of banks and financial markets (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2022)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-2-5-17.
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The article provides a brief introduction to the research on banks and finan- cial crises, for which the 2022 Nobel prize in economic sciences was awarded. Forty years ago, the works of Diamond and Dybvig highlighted the critical role banks play in maturity transformation and explained why this role makes banking crises a natural byproduct, thus providing a theoretical basis for modern banking regulation. The concurrent work by Bernanke on the Great Depression, the worst peace-time economic crisis in mature market economies, demonstrated that banks’ closures were a critical factor in making the depression so deep and prolonged.
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Yarnell, Priyamvada. "Relativising Atrocity Crimes: The Message of Unconditional Early Release of Perpetrators Convicted by the ICTY (1998 – 2018)." International Criminal Law Review 21, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-21010002.
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Abstract Despite being found guilty of egregious acts, crimes against humanity and war crimes, 54 of the 90 perpetrators sentenced by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (icty) were granted unconditional early release (uer). This article argues that uer did a disservice to two principal expressive purposes of punishment - moral condemnation of the crimes and the overall norm projected by the icty, the ‘universal repugnance of group-based killing’. Fundamentally, punishment of perpetrators signifies the inherent worth of victims. Interviews with key stakeholders in Bosnia and Herzegovina revealed that the interviewees largely concurred with authors who posit that punitive justice conveys valuable messages to audiences. This article complements expressivist theories by demonstrating the extent to which expressivism was negated as perpetrators were granted uer. Finally, it proposes how early release in future tribunals and courts might be tailored to counter the negation of international criminal justice’s expressive value.
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R Slagle, Derek, J. J. McIntyre, April Chatham-Carpenter, and Heather Ann Reed. "The perfect storm in the midst of a pandemic: the use of information within an institution's concurrent crises." Online Information Review 45, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 656–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-09-2020-0415.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the types of information that were shared by the institution, and faculty/staff responses to the information shared, with the goal of providing recommendations for other institutions facing concurrent crises.Design/methodology/approachThis mixed-methods case study examines a public university's experiences managing the Covid-19 pandemic crisis while simultaneously navigating financial challenges that had been building over time. Using data from university-wide mediated communications and a survey of on-campus stakeholders during the Covid-19 pandemic and university retrenchment process, this paper explores institutional communication, stakeholder response to organizational communication and faculty/staff reactions to information in the midst of concurrent crises.FindingsThe study found that the university used instructing and advising information within its messages from its top administrator but fell short of incorporating empathy for its stakeholders in its initial responses.Research limitations/implicationsUsing the situational crisis communication theory (Coombs, 2019), which recommends the use of an ethical base response to crises, implications are provided for other organizations facing concurrent crises during the Covid-19 pandemic, to also incorporate empathy in their messages to stakeholders whose livelihoods are being affected, across multiple platforms.Originality/valueWeathering the Covid-19 pandemic and long-term financial pitfalls have proven to be a disruptive phenomenon for higher education institutions. This research expands understanding of institutional communication and stakeholder reactions in a higher education institution facing both the Covid-19 crisis and a retrenchment.Peer reviewThe peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-09-2020-0415.
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You, Chengjing. "A study of receiving money by issuing defective deposit receipts." Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, no. 2 (April 4, 2020): 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-11-2019-0090.
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Purpose This paper aims to convict the offender of real concurrence offenses of the most severe offense and applying the most severe penalty will result in no distinction between the perpetrator who conducted more than one act and the one who conducted only one act. This approach deviates from the purpose of criminal law. The real concurrence of offenses means several offenses, the perpetrator’s dangerousness and culpability are much higher than the perpetrator who commits just one crime, so combined punishments for several offenses should be applied to the real concurrence of offenses. Design/methodology/approach If the depositors are acquaintances or relatives and friends, the relationship can be explained by “personality trust.” If the depositors are strangers, but they have complied with their duties of care, the deposit relationship can be explained by “system trust.” Findings The real concurrence of offenses means several offenses, the perpetrator’s dangerousness and culpability are much higher than the perpetrator who commits just one crime, so combined punishments for several offenses should be applied to the real concurrence of offenses. Originality/value The principle of choosing the most severe punishment applied to the real concurrence of offense should be abolished. As the perpetrator separately conducts two acts at different times, these acts infringe on different legal interests. Although these acts exist closely, the authors cannot deny that these acts constitute more than one offense.
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Muthu, John, and Mir Ali. "Amelioration of Sickle Cell Pain after Parathyroidectomy in Two Patients with Concurrent Hyperparathyroidism: An Interesting Finding." Case Reports in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3263951.
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Patients with sickle cell disease have high morbidity and healthcare utilization due to repeated painful crises. Some coexisting conditions which cause pain similar to sickle cell disease may go undiagnosed in these patients. We report two adults with concurrent hyperparathyroidism who experienced significant improvement in sickle cell pain following parathyroidectomy thereby pointing to hyperparathyroidism as the principal causative factor for their pain. Meticulous evaluation for parathyroid disorders can be rewarding in sickle cell disease.
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Day, Suzanne, April Girard, Laureen Snider, and Jordan Watters. "Rightsizing Regulation: The Competition Act, 1975–2005." Canadian journal of law and society 24, no. 1 (April 2009): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100009765.
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RésuméCet article examine les changements au niveau de la réglementation des crimes commerciaux dans le domaine de la loi relative à la concurrence déloyale et aux pratiques commerciales trompeuses. L'auteur se penche, plus particulièrement, sur les politiques et les applications deLa Loi relative aux enquêtes sur les coalitionset de laLoi sur la concurrencede 1975 à 2005. Cette période fut marquée par des changements importants dans la régulation juridique: les discours, les pratiques et les politiques keynésiens de l'État providence furent remplacés par ceux de l'État régulateur néolibéral. Le Bureau de la concurrence fut un acteur clé dans cette transition par laquelle les politiques sur la concurrence devinrent un mécanisme essentiel de régulation primaire de l'État moderne. Cet article analyse les documents relatifs à l'application des lois, les rapports annuels ainsi que d'autres documents du Bureau de la concurrence afin de démontrer, d'une part, comment les priorités et les pratiques ont changé et, d'autre part, comment ces changements régulatoires sont liés au remplacement des politiques économiques keynésiennes par celles de l'Élat néolibéral.
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Potutan, Gerald, and Masaru Arakida. "Evolving Disaster Response Practices during COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063137.
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When a disaster occurs during a pandemic, it would be a case of concurrent crises (synonymous to cascading disasters or compounding disasters). The single-hazard approach to disaster response system is not suited for this scenario. As shown from the experiences of the Philippines, India, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, the conventional single-hazard approach needed to integrate new measures, including basic skills training on handling COVID-19 for disaster responders; additional stockpiles of face coverings, disinfectants, tents, and personal protective equipment (PPE); social distancing at evacuation centers; updating of standard operation procedures (SOPs) and guidelines for disaster response to adapt to the concurrent crises situations. Building on the reports presented by the member countries of Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC), this paper highlights three evolving disaster response practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: (i) digitalization of some aspects of disaster response, including early warning, surveillance, and impact assessment; (ii) dispersed evacuation to enforce social distancing, including other measures such as testing, tracing, and isolating infected individuals; (iii) remote psychological first aid to disaster-impacted individuals who are already experiencing anxieties from the pandemic. Indicative outcomes of the evolving response practices are discussed, including whether these could serve as entry points to transition the disaster response system from a single-hazard approach towards a multihazard approach.
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Arata, Catalina M., Benjamin E. Saunders, and Dean G. Kilpatrick. "Concurrent Validity of a Crime-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale for Women within the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised." Violence and Victims 6, no. 3 (January 1991): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.6.3.191.
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Using a structured interview to obtain a lifetime history of criminal victimization, a community sample of 266 adult women who had experienced at least one incident of victimization was identified. These women were administered the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, the Impact of Event Scale, and a structured clinical interview was used to identify Crime-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CR-PTSD). A recently derived scale based on responses to items on the SCL-90-R was compared to the IES for predicting current diagnosis of Crime-Related Post-Traumatic Disorder. Both the scale and the IES were found to improve prediction of CR-PTSD above base rates and to perform in a similar manner. The utility of each of these scales as a screening measure is discussed.
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Tasoulas, Argyrios. "The development of trade relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Soviet Union (1960-1963)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 10-3 (October 1, 2020): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi63.
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This article studies the development of Soviet-Cypriot trade relations in 1960-63, based on research at the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (AVP RF). Concurrently, a historical analysis follows the events after the creation of the new Cypriot state and the two major Cold War crises (the building of the Berlin wall and the Cuban missile crisis). The efforts made by both governments to develop bilateral trade, the aftermath of the two major international crises and the results of the two governments’ policies have been identified and analyzed.
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Schwab1, Aurore. "Le crime d’honneur : dans les marges de la hiérarchie de genre." Criminologie 50, no. 2 (October 27, 2017): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041701ar.
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La victime du crime d’honneur est généralement une femme qui est soupçonnée de gérer sa chasteté d’une façon divergente de l’avis de son groupe familial (en refusant de se marier, en ayant une relation extraconjugale, etc.). Habituellement, l’auteur du crime d’honneur est masculin et fait partie du même groupe familial que la victime. Une hiérarchie de genre est sous-jacente au crime d’honneur et traverse les échelles de gouvernance (locale, nationale, internationale). Pour le montrer, nous étudions le cas du crime d’honneur subi par Samia Sarwar le 6 avril 1999 au Pakistan et plus particulièrement le débat qui a entouré ce meurtre. D’abord, nous analysons la manière dont la hiérarchie de genre peut marginaliser le groupe social des femmes. Ensuite, nous observons le rôle des femmes non seulement comme complices du crime d’honneur, consolidant par là la structure maritale androcentrique, mais aussi comme complices des rituels amoureux concurrents des mariages. En devenant amantes et médiatrices des histoires d’amour, les femmes déstructurent en effet le système patriarcal et patrilinéaire. Enfin, cet article met en lumière, notamment par l’analyse du discours de la rapporteuse spéciale onusienne sur la violence envers les femmes, la manière dont les (op)positions sur le crime d’honneur et la hiérarchie de genre traversent les échelles de gouvernance.
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Olteanu, Alexandra. "Romanul judiciar. Către un nou subgen al romanului istoric românesc." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2024): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v7i2.25927.
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The lifespan and popularity of a subgenre are determined by the inventiveness with which novelists develop and innovate the standard formulas. The judicial novel emerges as an extension of the popularity of the outlaw novel, adding a technical dimension to the misdeeds committed by wrongdoers. The outlaw and judicial novels are anthropomorphized subgenres that set in motion symbolic models, with a central figure dominating the entire course of events. The judicial novel reconfigures the perspective of naturalism, transforming the social milieu into a triggering factor for reprehensible acts. Shocking acts, such as crimes or suicides, and their mysterious circumstances, are analyzed from multiple angles, akin to using a set of parallel mirrors, while the brisk steps of investigations are fascinatingly reconstructed within the eloquent phrases of the novelists. One of the central ideas that the judicial novel seeks to develop is the sacrifice as a social practice, whether symbolic, articulated in the imposition of precarious living conditions leading to extreme gestures. Spatiality and temporality constitute the central pillars that compose the dramatic scenes of the Romanian judicial novel. Crimes are plotted and committed in the moonlight, in neighborhoods or on winding streets. The schematism of gloomy settings and the rudimentary nature of character profiles are countered by allusions to an undefined darkness, the contours of which elude discernment. The judicial subgenre utilizes conventions from the detective novel formula, involving the exaggeration of a cause-and-effect relationship as inevitable and the conquest of a reassuring imaginary, complementary to the moral imperatives discussed by Romanian novelists determined to rehabilitate the reputation of the genre through fictional digressions on morality. In its dimension of historical crime fiction, the Romanian judicial novel not only accentuates its documentary aspect, showing how the institutions responsible for investigations and judicial processes function but also the expansiveness of historicizing interpretations of the analyzed bloody events. Within the context of a dynamically structured novel distinguished by thematic configuration and ideological significance, the incorporation of illustrations transcends mere decorative intent. The judicial novel strategically incorporates illustrations as a highly effective extratextual approach. This not only disrupts the linear narrative trajectory and heightens suspense but also concurrently bestows substance upon the ethereal images adeptly invoked by the literary text.
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Castillo, Monique. "L'individualisme est-il condamné à l'héroïsme ?" Études Tome 419, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4193.0197.
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L’individu contemporain doit affronter le cap de toutes les « compétitions » qui mènent à la réussite de sa vie. Fragilisé par les crises économiques, les mutations techniques et la morosité mentale, il est contraint à devenir malgré lui un héros de la concurrence permanente, un héros paradoxal des temps post-modernes, un héros fragile...
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Kunst, M. J. J., F. W. Winkel, and S. Bogaerts. "Posttraumatic Anger, Recalled Peritraumatic Emotions, and PTSD in Victims of Violent Crime." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, no. 17 (May 20, 2011): 3561–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260511403753.
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A mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal design was employed to explore the association between posttraumatic anger and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; symptoms) in victims of civilian violence. It was speculated that this relationship is mainly due to concurrent recalled peritraumatic emotions. Such emotions may be interpreted to result from anger-rooted threat perceptions and to share similarities with posttraumatic intrusion symptoms. In addition, predictors of PTSD maintenance were investigated. Cross-sectional data indicated that posttraumatic anger and several indices of PTSD were highly interconnected. Recalled peritraumatic emotions partly accounted for the relation between posttraumatic anger and posttraumatic intrusions ( n = 177). Only posttraumatic intrusions were associated with PTSD symptom persistence at follow-up ( n = 56). Findings were discussed in light of study limitations and directions for future research.