Academic literature on the topic 'Concurrent crimes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Concurrent crimes"
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Byung-Gak Choi. "Codes Competition, Compound Crimes, and Concurrent Crimes." Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 18, no. 4 (2016): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23894/kjccl.2016.18.4.019.
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Changsup Lee. "Principle of Punishment for Concurrent Crimes and Punishment for Ex Post Concurrent Crimes." Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 18, no. 4 (2016): 439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23894/kjccl.2016.18.4.020.
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Burchfield, Keri B. "The Nature of Animal Crime: Scope and Severity in Chicago." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 14 (2017): 1904–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717719515.
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This study sought to contribute to our sociological understanding of animal crime. Using Chicago Police Department data that include primary and secondary charges of all animal crimes between 2009 and 2012, findings indicate that most animal crime offenders were male, African American or Hispanic, and under 35 years. When other crimes were committed with animal crime, they were likely drug or weapons offenses. Juveniles arrested for animal crimes tended to commit more severe animal crimes than adult offenders. Finally, regression results indicated that race was positively related to animal crime severity, while concurrent drug offenses were inversely related to animal crime severity. Implications for theory, research, and policy are discussed.
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Crodelle, Jennifer, Celeste Vallejo, Markus Schmidtchen, Chad M. Topaz, and Maria R. D’Orsogna. "Impacts of California Proposition 47 on crime in Santa Monica, California." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0251199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251199.
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We examine patterns of reported crime in Santa Monica, California before and after the passage of Proposition 47, a 2014 initiative that reclassified some non-violent felonies as misdemeanors. We also investigate impacts of the opening of four new light rail stations in 2016 and of increased community-based policing starting in late 2018. Our statistical analyses of reclassified crimes—larceny, fraud, possession of narcotics, forgery, receiving/possessing stolen property—and non-reclassified ones are based on publicly available reported crime data from 2006 to 2019. These analyses examine reported crime at various levels: city-wide, within eight neighborhoods, and within a 450-meter radius of the new transit stations. Monthly reported reclassified crimes increased city-wide by approximately 15% after enactment of Proposition 47, with a significant drop observed in late 2018. Downtown exhibited the largest overall surge. Reported non-reclassified crimes fell overall by approximately 9%. Areas surrounding two new train stations, including Downtown, saw significant increases in reported crime after train service began. While reported reclassified crimes increased after passage of Proposition 47, non-reclassified crimes, for the most part, decreased or stayed constant, suggesting that Proposition 47 may have impacted reported crime in Santa Monica. Reported crimes decreased in late 2018 concurrent with the adoption of new community-based policing measures. Follow-up studies needed to confirm long-term trends may be challenging due to the COVID-19 pandemic that drastically changed societal conditions. While our research detects changes in reported crime, it does not provide causative explanations. Our work, along with other considerations relevant to public utility, respect for human rights, and existence of socioeconomic disparities, may be useful to law enforcement and policymakers to assess the overall effect of Proposition 47.
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Abdulkadir, Abdulrazaq O. "Enforcement Quandary in Maritime Crimes: Espousing the Tangle of Prescriptive Jurisdiction." Pancasila and Law Review 4, no. 1 (2023): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/plr.v4i1.2773.
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It is inconceivable to have crimes without laws created prescribing or enforcing them. There must also be in existence a concomitant authority, either a state or an institution vested with the capacity to enforce these laws. In cases those crimes that occur on land, it is usually straightforward to determine the body vested with the legal power to prescribe and enforce these claims. Through qualitative and quantitative sampling, this study argues that for crimes that occur on the sea; territorial, internal or high seas, determining the state with jurisdiction is not so clear. This is because there is the possibility that various states could have competing rights to prescribe, adjudicate and enforce criminal laws in relation to a criminal offense. It is therefore important that a survey of these competing/concurrent rights of states be carried out. This research also investigates whether, by international law, these rights are actually concurrent or whether one is superior to the other. It also carried out an assessment of how the concurrent rights of states are exercised and how conflicts are resolved when they occur. The research founds that in real terms, one should be superior to the others and not so concurrent.
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Alfiantiko, Rizky, and Andi Widiatno. "TINJAUAN YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA TANPA HAK MEMANIPULASI INFORMASI ELEKTRONIK SECARA BERSAMA-SAMA (STUDI PUTUSAN NO.359/PID.SUS/2021/PN JKT.SEL)." AMICUS CURIAE 1, no. 1 (2024): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/amicus.v1i1.18142.
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In this era of globalization, data has become an important matter in one's identity where the data certainly has loopholes for people who want to take advantage in illegal ways, one of which is by manipulating electronic information. Manipulation of electronic information is a crime that enters the realm of cyber. The development of the digital world has led to new variations in committing crimes, one of which is related to concurrent regulations or Concursus Idealis. The legal basis for the crime of manipulating electronic information is regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. With the concomitant regulation of the crime of forgery of letters, this is the basis for the creation of this article using the Literature Study method, a type ofnormatif juridical research, with the nature of analytical descriptive research,and drawing conclusions using deductive logic. There are concurrent regulations carried out by actors in manipulating electronic information where the crime of forging letters is one part of the criminal act that is incorporated in it which is carried out in collaboration
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BONAFÉ, BEATRICE I. "Coordinating concurrent legal orders in the prosecution of international crimes." Global Constitutionalism 2, no. 2 (2013): 316–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045381713000087.
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AbstractInternational criminal law provides a particularly interesting case study for the proliferation of legal orders as it helps to understand the types of uncertainties their interaction may entail with respect to the position of the individual as well as the solutions that may be adopted in that respect. This article analyses a selected number of substantive and procedural uncertainties that originate in the relationship between international criminal law and domestic legal orders. The purpose of the discussion is to identify the particular legal devices that have been elaborated in order to ensure the coordination between these legal orders, and to suggest areas in which a better coordination is still to be achieved.
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Leake Mekonen Tesfay. "Concurrence of Crimes under Ethiopian Law: General Principles vis-à-vis Tax Law." Mizan Law Review 17, no. 1 (2023): 81–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v17i1.3.
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One or successive act(s) may lead to multiple criminality. According to the principle of unity of guilt and penalty, however, one provision punishes the combination of acts flowing from a single criminal guilt. This principle applies to crimes in Ethiopia’s Criminal Code and in special penal legislations, unless otherwise provided. This article examines the application of general criminal law provisions to special penal legislations, using tax crimes as illustration. The author argues that the tax legislations do not have, and do not need, special rules on concurrence of crimes. Except for acts committed in different tax periods with renewed criminal guilt, tax evasion is the major offence and prosecution/conviction for other predicate offences should be considered only where the evidence is deficient to prove tax evasion. The author also argues that enacting penal law is the power of the Federal Government and regional states may penalize only matters not covered by the federal penal law. This, as a rule, precludes concurrent criminal liability for a single act based on federal and state laws. However, in the context of separate federal and state taxation powers, a single act may simultaneously violate federal and state tax laws.
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Pechorro, Pedro, James V. Ray, Adrian Raine, João Maroco, and Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves. "The Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire: Validation Among a Portuguese Sample of Incarcerated Juvenile Delinquents." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 13 (2015): 1995–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515590784.
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The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) among a forensic sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders ( N = 221). The Portuguese version of the RPQ demonstrated promising psychometric properties, namely, in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity that generally justifies its use among this population. Statistically significant associations were found with conduct disorder, age of criminal onset, age of first problem with the law, crime seriousness, physical violence use in committing crimes, alcohol use, cannabis use, cocaine/heroin use, and having unprotected sex. The findings provide additional support for the extension of the RPQ across different cultures, ethnic groups, and samples.
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Dubois, Olivier. "Rwanda's national criminal courts and the International Tribunal." International Review of the Red Cross 37, no. 321 (1997): 717–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400077809.
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Questions inevitably arise about the concurrent competence and complementary nature of an international tribunal and national courts, and about cooperation between them. Those questions may well apply to any State on earth because, by virtue of the principle of universal competence, many crimes which international tribunals are competent to try may also be tried by any State irrespective of the place where they are committed or the nationality of the perpetrator.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concurrent crimes"
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Weber, Valentin. "La pluralité de victimes en droit pénal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0312.
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La pluralité de victimes est une situation plutôt fréquente. Elle est pourtant souvent ignorée par le droit pénal qui a globalement été construit selon un schéma simple dans lequel la victime est unique. Il en découle que la pluralité de victimes constitue un élément de complexité qui invite à se demander si le droit pénal est suffisamment adapté à cette circonstance ou s’il peut l’être davantage. La question se pose alors essentiellement dans le cas où la pluralité de victimes est causée par un seul fait ce qui conduit à placer l’analyse sous l’égide de la règle ne bis in idem qui comprend deux dimensions distinctes. En droit pénal de fond, la règle exprime ainsi le principe de l’interdiction de punir un même fait plusieurs fois. Il en résulte que la pluralité de victimes est souvent indifférente. Pourtant, il est possible de penser qu’elle accroît parfois la culpabilité de l’individu qui commet une infraction à l’encontre de plusieurs personnes ce qui pourrait justifier de le punir plus sévèrement que s’il avait commis la même infraction contre une seule victime. Le but de la présente thèse est alors de montrer qu’une influence plus grande de la pluralité de victimes semble possible et de proposer un système inspiré de certaines législations pénales étrangères qui pourrait permettre de tenir davantage compte de cette circonstance et d’une façon qui paraît conforme à la règle ne bis in idem. En droit pénal procédural, la pluralité de victimes semble au contraire inviter à des solutions qui iraient au-delà de celles qui découlent actuellement de la règle ne bis in idem. En effet, la pluralité de victimes est notamment susceptible d’augmenter le risque de contradiction des décisions de justice rendues à propos d’un même fait en raison de la multiplicité des actions civiles individuelles possibles. La cohérence des décisions de justice semblerait alors pouvoir être davantage respectée en permettant notamment que les intérêts de la pluralité de victimes puissent être défendus dans le cadre d’une action de groupe pénale<br>Multiple victims is a rather common situation. However, it is often ignored by criminal law, which has generally been constructed according to a simple scheme in which the victim is unique. As a result, the plurality of victims constitutes an element of complexity that raises the question of whether the criminal law is sufficiently adapted to this circumstance or whether it could be more so. The question then arises essentially in the case where the plurality of victims is caused by a single act, which leads to placing the analysis under the aegis of the ne bis in idem rule, which has two distinct dimensions. In substantive criminal law, the rule thus expresses the principle of the prohibition of punishing the same act more than once. As a result, the plurality of victims is often irrelevant. However, it is possible to think that it sometimes increases the culpability of the individual who commits an offence against several people, which could justify punishing him more severely than if he had committed the same offence against a single victim. The aim of this thesis is therefore to show that a greater influence of the plurality of victims seems possible and to propose a system inspired by certain foreign criminal laws that could allow this circumstance to be more taken into account and in a way that seems to be in conformity with the ne bis in idem rule. In procedural criminal law, the plurality of victims seems, on the contrary, to invite solutions that would go beyond those that currently derive from the ne bis in idem rule. Indeed, the plurality of victims is likely to increase the risk of contradiction between judicial decisions rendered in relation to the same act because of the multiplicity of possible individual actions. The coherence of judicial decisions would then seem to be better respected by allowing the interests of multiple victims to be defended in the context of a criminal class action
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Duquesnois, Franck. "LES STRATÉGIES DES PETITES ENTREPRISES DANS LES INDUSTRIES EN CRISE : Une étude des caves particulières de la région vitivinicole du Languedoc-Roussillon." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765657.
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" Ici, les viticulteurs se cachent pour mourir... " témoigne en 2011 le président de la chambre régionale d'agriculture du Languedoc-Roussillon. Notre travail de thèse s'intéresse aux choix stratégiques et aux comportements concurrentiels des (très) petites entreprises dans le contexte d'une industrie vitivinicole en crise de la région Languedoc-Roussillon. Nous avons alors constaté qu'il existe très peu de travaux de recherche sur l'identification des stratégies suivies par les petites entreprises dans des industries en crise. Dans notre cadre conceptuel, nous nous attacherons donc à identifier des travaux proches concernant les stratégies dans les secteurs en déclin ou en dérégulation, dans l'hypercompétition ou encore dans divers contextes économiquement difficiles. Plus précisément, notre recherche tentera d'apporter des éléments de réponse face aux interrogations toutes en lien avec un contexte de crise caractérisé par une raréfaction des ressources et une baisse importante des performances. Quels sont les comportements adoptés par les petites entreprises et comment expliquer les différents niveaux de performance observés au sein d'un seul et même contexte de crise ? Des liens existent-ils entre les choix stratégiques des petites entreprises et leurs performances économiques ? Quels sont les déterminants, notamment managériaux, des succès et des échecs de ces stratégies ? Pour conduire cette recherche, nous avons procédé à une phase qualitative exploratoire afin d'affiner nos propositions de recherche issues de la littérature. Nous avons alors formulé des hypothèses de recherche que nous avons testées avec SPSS lors d'une phase quantitative et à partir de questionnaires interrogeant, sur la période 2000 à 2007, les comportements adoptés par 160 caves particulières de la région. Concernant nos résultats descriptifs, ils montrent que les petites entreprises cherchent leur salut dans des stratégies de spécialisation et de différenciation plutôt que dans des stratégies de coûts bas. Nos résultats mettent aussi en évidence que la recherche d'informations et la prospection sont des pratiques qui améliorent la performance de la petite entreprise en contexte de crise. Ces pratiques sont elles-mêmes renforcées par la réactivité et la recherche d'indépendance du dirigeant. Par là-même, nos résultats soulignent l'impact du dirigeant sur la performance de la petite entreprise, plus particulièrement à travers sa capacité à comprendre les nouvelles formes de pression concurrentielle ou encore du fait de sa propension à rechercher une forme d'indépendance, notamment financière, en contexte de crise.
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Gauthier, David. "Financial stress and the business cycle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E057.
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Le fil directeur de cette thèse est l’étude du stress financier et en particulier de ses implications pour les fluctuations économiques. Comment expliquer l’impact des crises financières ? Quel est le rôle du système bancaire dans la propagation des chocs financiers ? Comment reconnaître et prévoir une crise financière ? Chacun des chapitres de cette thèse a pour but d’apporter des éléments de réponse nouveaux à ces grandes questions de la macroéconomie moderne. Dans le premier chapitre, réalisé en collaboration avec Yvan Bécard, nous estimons un modèle d’équilibre général dans lequel les banques ajustent leurs conditions de crédit selon leur capacité à liquider le collatéral de leurs emprunteurs. Nous montrons que les chocs de collatéral, c’est-à-dire des chocs affectant l’efficacité des banques à liquider le collatéral, permettent de comprendre le cycle des affaires américain et en particulier les variations de la consommation, des volumes de prêts et des taux d’emprunt. Les chocs de collatéral ont aussi la particularité de ressembler aux conditions de crédits bancaires observées ces trente dernières années pour les firmes et les ménages. Dans un second chapitre, je développe un modèle d’équilibre général où le système bancaire est organisé en compétition de monopole. J’utilise le modèle pour étudier le rôle de la compétition bancaire dans la propagation des crises financières. Je trouve qu’un faible degré de compétition du système bancaire peut limiter l’impact des chocs financiers lorsque l’efficacité de la politique monétaire est limitée par la borne à taux zéro. Dans le troisième chapitre, j’étudie l’évolution des choix de financement des firmes américaines en réponse à différent types de chocs économiques. Je trouve que seuls les chocs financiers impliquent des mouvements opposés pour les prêts bancaires et les prêts obligataires. J’utilise ce résultat couplé avec une méthode dite de restriction de signe pour identifier les chocs financiers dans un modèle VAR. Je trouve que les chocs ainsi identifiés expliquent une large partie du cycle des affaires et en particulier les deux dernières récessions. Finalement, cette stratégie d’identification me permet de calculer une mesure de stress financier capable de prédire l’évolution des spreads obligataires<br>In this thesis, I investigate the implications of financial stress for economic fluctuations along several dimensions. What is it that makes financial crisis so disruptive? What is the role of the banking system in their propagation? How to identify and forecast financial distress? Each chapter brings new elements to complement the literature on these broad questions. In the first chapter of this thesis, written together with Yvan Bécard, we estimate a general equilibrium model where banks can adjust their lending standards for households and firms depending on their ability to liquidate the collateral of their borrowers. We find that collateral shocks, shocks that modify the liquidity of banks’ collateral, explain most of the US business cycle fluctuations for investment, consumption, loan volumes, and the credit spreads. In addition, the collateral shocks resemble measures of bank lending standard as observed over the past 30 years for households and firms. In the second chapter, I develop a model where the banking system is characterized by monopolistic competition and used to study the role of bank competition in the propagation of financial crises. I find that low competition in the banking system can dampen the impact of financial stress in situations where monetary policy is impeded by the ZLB. In the last chapter, I study the evolution of firm debt choices in response to different types of aggregate shocks. I find that only financial shocks imply opposite movements in bond and loan volumes. I use this result with sign-restriction methods to identify financial shocks in a VAR model. I find that financial shocks identified with bond and loan series explain a large share of the business cycle and especially the two last recessions. I also use the identification strategy to recover a measure of financial stress. This measure allows predicting the evolution of corporate bond spreads
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Piatek, Dariusz. "La crise des exceptions en droit d'auteur : étude paradigmatique." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0002/document.
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La condition, la forme et la justification théorique des exceptions sont aujourd’hui au coeur du débat sur l’avenir du droit d’auteur. L’objectif primaire de ces normes particulières est de garantir la cohérence du droit d’auteur. Et pourtant les chercheurs s’accordent sur la nécessité de leur reconceptualisation.Cette thèse a pour but de découvrir la signification, les origines et les conséquences de la crise qu’engendre le ressentiment à l’égard des exceptions aux droits de l’auteur dans leur forme actuelle. Tenant compte d’une certaine fragilité axiologique de la matière, elle essaie d’appréhender les phénomènes étudiés selon une posture épistémologique neutre. À cet égard, la théorie des paradigmes scientifiques lui offre un cadre d’analyse scindé en deux. La reconstruction de l’état normal et voulu des principes élaborés par la tradition française du droit d’auteur en matière des exceptions permet de repérer les signes de leur dépassement par la réalité juridique mouvante.De cette analyse résulte d’abord le modèle d’une exception cohérente, internalisé par le droit d’auteur objectif qui a complètement résolu le conflit entre la création et la consommation des oeuvres de l’esprit. Cette image est ensuite confrontée à des forces destructrices ayant leur origine dans des normes extérieures au droit d’auteur objectif. Celles-ci se substituent aux exceptions prévues par le droit d’auteur et remettent en question l’idée de son autarcie.L’idylle du droit d’auteur autosuffisant n’est toutefois pas une utopie. Entre l’état normal et la maladie des exceptions se noue un lien dialectique. Vus ensemble, ces deux éléments s’éclairent réciproquement, de sorte que la crise qui les résume devient un processus réversible<br>The condition,shape and theoretical justification of copyright exceptions are at the heart of the debate on the future of copyright. The main objective of these particular rules is to ensure the consistency of copyright law. Yet, researchers agree on the need of their reconceptualization.This doctoral thesis aims to explore the meaning, origins and consequences of the crisis that brings resentment toward copyright exceptions in their present form. Taking into account a certain axiological fragility of the subject, it tries to apprehend it in the respect of a neutral epistemological posture. Therein, the theory of scientific paradigms offers a framework split in two. The reconstruction of the normal and wanted state of the principles developed by the French tradition of copyright in the field of exceptions allows to identify the signs of their violation by the changing legal reality.This analysis reveals, on the one hand, the model of a consistent exception, internalized by the copyright law which completely resolved the conflict between creation and consumption of works of the mind. On the other hand, this image is faced with the destructive forces that originate in the norms that are external to copyright law. These replace the copyright exceptions and, therefore, question the idea of its autarchy.The idyll of the self-sufficient copyright law is, however, not a utopia. A dialectical link can be traced between the normal state of exceptions and their illness.Seen together, these two elements illuminate each other, so that the crisis that summarize them becomes a reversible process
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Lymperopoulou, Ira. "La réforme du secteur de l'énergie en Grèce dans le contexte de la crise de la dette." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D019.
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Un nouveau market design a été conçu pour le marché énergétique grec durant la crise économique qui a surgi en 2008. La Grèce a en effet signé avec la Troïka des mémorandums d’accord conditionnant l'octroi de prêts d'argent à la mise en œuvre de réformes majeures de son secteur énergétique. Par ailleurs, l’énergie étant un secteur libéralisé au niveau européen, outre sa législation nationale et les règles adoptées par l'Union européenne en la matière, la Grèce a dû appliquer les mesures imposées par les mémorandums d'accord. Il en est résulté, d'une part, une restructuration du marché énergétique grec à travers la mise en œuvre de divers instruments afin d'y consolider la concurrence et, d'autre part, une métamorphose du rôle de l’État grec sur ce marché. La présente étude analyse dans quelle mesure les réformes ainsi adoptées, en application des mémorandums d'accord et des règles européennes, ont permis la transition d’un marché fermé à la concurrence caractérisé par la détention de droits monopolistiques par des opérateurs historiques à un marché concurrentiel européanisé au bénéfice des consommateurs et qui a contribué à la sortie du pays de la crise économique<br>A new market design is taking place during the economic crisis for the Greek energy market. Greece, in order to able to receive loans of money, signed memorandums of understanding with the Troika, which included major reforms in the energy sector. Energy is a liberalized sector at European level, and Greece in addition to European and national legislation, had to apply measures imposed by the memorandums of understanding. These measures, on the one hand, aim to restructure the energy market, with the use of various instruments to consolidate competition. On the other hand, they envisage a metamorphosis of the role of the Greek state in the energy market. In this study we analyze at which extent the introduced reforms achieve a transition from a market closed to competition with monopoly rights of incumbent operators, towards a competitive Europeanized market for the benefit of consumers while contributing to the exit of the country from the economic crisis
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Wibabara, Charity. "The relationship between national and international jurisdiction for ‘core crimes’ under international law-a critical analysis." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3422.
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Magister Legum - LLM<br>With regard to the establishment of legislative frameworks for investigating and prosecuting genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes at both national and international level, a number of pertinent issues come up concerning the Court which should have primacy to deal with a particular case. States have had a variety of options at their disposal, such as complementarity, exclusivity, subsidiarity and concurrent jurisdiction principles. As a rule, these experiences find their limits in the full criminalisation of conduct that is also punishable before the international criminal tribunals under international law, ignoring the fact that international law does not provide definite guidance with respect to a number of questions in relation to interaction between national and international jurisdiction vis-à-vis the ‘core crimes.’ In addition,a considerable increase in the content of international law and divergences in various legal systems in criminal law, both general and special, since the end of World War II, influence the effective prosecution of ‘core crimes.’ Against this background; this work is organised into five chapters. Chapter one gives a general introduction and background to the study. Chapter two will set out the present international legal framework governing the prosecution of ‘core crimes’ in national courts and a description of the relevant practice in various states. Chapter three will examine critically the jurisdiction and overlaps of the international courts and ad hoc tribunals,along with the corresponding models of international criminal justice of exclusivity, subsidiarity,
complimentarity and concurrent jurisdiction. Chapter four seeks to discuss the optimal relationship based on interactions between national and international jurisdictions. It will also include the merits and limits of both jurisdictions, basing on existing precedents and legislation.Finally, Chapter five contains a summary of conclusions drawn from the whole study and winds up with a set of recommendations.
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Wibabara, Charity. "Gacaca courts versus the international criminal tribunal for Rwanda and national courts: lessons to learn from the Rwandan justice approaches to genocide." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3821.
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Doctor Legum - LLD<br>The 20th century witnessed several wars and genocides worldwide. Notable examples include the Armenian and Jews genocides which took place during World War I and World War II respectively. The Rwandan genocide of 1994 is a more recent example where a large number of the population was affected, either as victims or perpetrators. Over 800,000 Tutsis were dead, and more than 120,000 suspects were in prison for the genocide. The present study focuses on the Rwandan genocide against Tutsi where the scale of the crimes simultaneously dictated the overwhelming need for justice at both international and national level. At the international level, the ICTR was set up by the United Nations to deal with the organisers of the genocide while the Rwandan national courts were left to deal with the remaining suspects. Yet it became increasingly clear that the national courts lacked themselves the capacity to deal with the vast majority of alleged perpetrators. If their impact was to be enhanced, they needed to rely on the support of alternative justice mechanisms. So Rwanda introduced a modern version
of the traditional Gacaca courts as an attempt to deal with the huge backlog of cases in order to combat the culture of impunity. However, having different courts for one and the same situation has had its own limitations. One of these issues is the legal and practical disparities that exist between the ad hoc International Tribunal and national justice mechanisms in the process of prosecuting perpetrators, such as the unequal treatment of the accused. This study therefore attempts to show these discrepancies and their impact on the process of accountability and reconciliation. Thus, the study analyses the relationship between the ICTR, national courts and Gacaca in prosecution of genocide suspects as well as lessons from the adopted ‘multifaceted approaches’ to deal with the crime of genocide.
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Rosa, Bruno dos Santos. "A Figura Jurisprudencial do Crime de Trato Sucessivo. Inaplicabilidade a Bens Jurídicos Eminentemente Pessoais." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/90306.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito<br>No que concerne à realização plural de fatos ilícitos-típicos, o ordenamento jurídico português consagra legalmente, no art.º 30.º do Código Penal, dois regimes punitivos diversos. Nomeadamente o concurso efetivo de crimes – previsto e punível nos termos dos arts.º 30.º, n.º 1 e 77.º, ambos do CP – e o crime continuado – previsto e punível nos termos dos arts.º 30.º, n.º 2 e 3, e 79.º, ambos do CP.Nos anos oitenta do passado século, surge um terceiro instituto, distinto dos anteriores, e que se afirmaria posteriormente como um verdadeiro regime punitivo – o crime de trato sucessivo. Este tem a sua génese na jurisprudência, surgindo por razões político-criminais e de economia processual aliadas a um raciocínio de proporcionalidade de punição face ao ilícito global. Exigia-se que o agente possuísse uma unidade resolutiva na sua atuação criminosa e, que, entre as várias infrações penais cometidas se verificasse uma conexão espácio-temporal estreita. Partilhando dos requisitos de aplicação do crime continuado, apenas se preterindo da exigência de uma situação externa que fizesse diminuir a culpa do agente, o único crime de trato sucessivo encontra muitas semelhanças com o regime do crime continuado.A figura jurisprudencial começou por ser mobilizada pelos tribunais judiciais, quando estavam sub judice fatos ilícitos-típicos que visavam punir uma certa atividade criminosa e, que, por sua vez esta se fracionava em múltiplos atos ilícitos. Pretendeu-se unificar a prática de vários atos ilícitos num só crime, aplicando-se a delitos como o tráfico de estupefacientes e o de contrafação de moeda, que iam sendo classificados como crimes exauridos e crimes de empreendimento.Após a entrada em vigor da Lei n.º 40/2010 de 03 de Setembro, os tribunais judiciais viram-se forçados abandonar o regime punitivo do crime continuado quando estivessem em causa tipos legais protetores de bens jurídicos eminentemente pessoais. Refém desta ideia de unificação que vinha seguindo, a jurisprudência, encontrou na figura do crime de trato sucessivo uma alternativa ao crime continuado, ignorando por completo que este se reportava aos crimes exauridos e de empreendimento, passou a sujeitar-lhe os crimes de natureza sexual. Resultante da ampliação do respetivo campo de aplicação, surgiram questões hermenêutico-práticas que a doutrina vem tentando solucionar e, que, posteriormente, alguma jurisprudência se inclinou aceitar, revertendo parcialmente o paradigma que se vinha instalando no sistema jurídico-penal português. Deste modo, ocorreu uma nova delimitação do campo de aplicação da figura em apreço.Ainda nos dias de hoje, este regime punitivo (ainda) não possui consagração legal, o que não se apresenta como fato impeditivo da sua aplicação, porém levantando-se questões atinentes à sua admissibilidade, tendo em conta o princípio constitucionalmente consagrado da legalidade (art.º 29.º da CRP). Ademais, pelo fato de não se encontrar consagrado, continuam a verificar-se decisões jurisprudenciais díspares e completamente opostas, capazes de colocar em causa a certeza e segurança jurídicas, bem como uma quebra de confiança da comunidade no sistema penal português.<br>Regarding the plural consummation of typical illicit acts, the Portuguese legal system legally establishes, in the 30th article of the Criminal Code, two distinctive punitive regimes. In particular, the effective concurrent offences – foreseen and punishable under the terms of articles 30th, paragraph 1 and 77th, both of the Criminal Code –and the continuing offence - foreseen and punishable under the terms of articles 30th paragraphs 2 and 3 and 79th of the Criminal Code. In the eighties of the twentieth century, a third institute has appeared, distinct from the ones previously mentioned, and that would later reveal itself a truly punitive regime – the “crime of successive treatment”. This institute, find its genesis in jurisprudence, arising on account of political-criminal and economical procedure reasons, allied to an idea of proportionality of punishment, comparatively to the global illicit. It was demanded that the agent revealed a "resolving unit" in its criminal activity and that, among the several criminal infractions committed, there was a close spatio-temporal connection. Sharing the same requirements also dictated for the application of continuing offence, excepting the requirement of an external situation that would reduce the guilt of the agent, “the only crime of successive treatment” finds many similarities to the regime of continuing offence.The jurisprudence began to mobilize this figure in the judicial courts, when it was in question illicit-typical facts that aimed to punish a certain criminal activity, and in its turn, that criminal activity it is composed by several illicit acts. The purpose and scope was to unify the practice of several illicit acts in one single offence, this application could be verified in crimes such as narco traffic and the act of counterfeiting money, which are being classified as exhausted offences and enterprise offences.When the Law no. 40/2010 of September 3 came into force, the jurisprudence was forced to abandon the punitive regime of continuing offence when the legal types protect eminently personal legal assets. Due to this idea of unification, the jurisprudence found in the figure of “the crime of successive treatment” an alternative to the figure of continuing offence, completely disregarding that this one was related to the exhausted offences and enterprise offences, which led judicial courts to submit this figure to the crimes of sexual nature. As a result of the expansion of the application field mentioned, hermeneutical questions have arisen, questions that the doctrine tried to solve, and which some jurisprudence later inclined to accept, partially reversing the paradigm that has settled in the criminal-legal system. With that being said, a new definition of the application field of this figure in question has emerged.Nowadays, this punitive regime is (still) not established in the Criminal Code, which is not a problem when it comes to judicial courts to continue to adopt it like a truly punitive regime. Given the constitutional principle of legality (29th article of the Constitutional Law) it is doubtful and questionable the certainty of the admissibility of this present jurisprudential figure. The fact that this regime is not established in the Criminal Code is increasing the contradictory and inconsistent jurisprudential decisions that can be capable of jeopardizing legal certainty and possibly create a breach of confidence from the community in the criminal law system.
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Mei-Yuan, Sheng, and 盛美元. "The detection not public principle - concurrently discusses with divulges a secret relations the crime." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85685393854577918454.
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CHEN, CHIA-YEN, and 陳家彥. "A Study on the「Resulting in Death or Injury」 of Hit and Run Offense Under Criminal Law and Other Concurrent Crime Issues." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2n477k.
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碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>法律學系一般生組<br>102<br>Since legislators ordered the Criminal Code Article 185-4, the problem of interpretation of the provisions that began to appear. In a variety of controversial issues, the most discrepancies two parts of opinion among the scholars, the interpretation of「Resulting in Death or Injury」of Hit and Run Offense and Issues of the Criminal Code Article 294. For the former, the focus of the debate was that the「Resulting in Death or Injury」belonging to "illegal Elements," or are "objective penalties Conditions" .The problem with this argument is most directly related to the person in hit and run offense, whether the person should be aware of Killed or injured people in the accident. For the latter, the focus of debate in the hit and run offense is what the legal interest is. If Article 185-4 and Article 294 of the Criminal Code are to protect individual life, physical benefits, the judge should apply to the former; Conversely, if Article 185-4 of the Criminal Code is not the protection of personal life, physical benefits, but belongs the social legal interest, on the competing relationship, should be applicable to the latter. Therefore in research to protect the interests article 185-4 of the Criminal Code, We can understand How to apply the right article. Furthermore, in order to delineate the scope of punishment, this paper is to study the scope of the above two arguments and to read the various points of view, try to publish individual views. In addition, in order to grasp the Supreme Court for the crime of hit and run offense so far in the development and updating of changes on the legal opinions over the years, this paper will examine the legal opinion of the Supreme Court for the crime of hit and run offense and trying to assessment, in order to understand the application of the crime.
Books on the topic "Concurrent crimes"
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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Judiciary, Law, and Public Safety Committee. and New Jersey. Office of Legislative Services. Public Information Office. Hearing Unit., eds. Public hearing before Assembly Judiciary, Law, and Public Safety Committee, Assembly concurrent resolution no. 85 ACS: Amends the State Constitution to provide that a victim of crime is entitled to due process of law, including the right to be informed of, to be present at, and to be heard at appropriate criminal justice proceedings : December 17, 1990, State House Annex, Room 418, Trenton, New Jersey. The Committee, 1990.
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Gómez, Alfonso Serrano. El delincuente español: Factores concurrente (influyentes). Dykinson, 2009.
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Gómez, Alfonso Serrano. El delincuente español: Factores concurrente (influyentes). Dykinson, 2009.
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Caro, Gyslain Di. Spécial victimes: Pour une concurrence des victimes. Editions de Passy, 2011.
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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Legislative Oversight Committee. Public hearing before Senate Legislative Oversight Committee: Senate concurrent resolution no. 101 (invalidates regulations of the DEP that require the submission of digital maps pursuant to the DPCC program) : and Senate concurrent resolution no. 102 (finds the NJPDES fee regulations of the DEP are invalid due to inconsistency with legislative intent). The Committee, 1996.
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Lawyers Committee for Human Rights (U.S.), ed. Prosecuting war crimes in the former Yugoslavia: The International Tribunal, national courts and concurrent jurisdiction : a guide to applicable international law, national legislation and its relation to international human rights standards : a report of the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1995.
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Fan zui jing he ji chu li lun yan jiu: Research on the basic theory of concurrence of crimes. Zhongguo ren min gong an da xue chu ban she, 2011.
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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Law and Public Safety Committee. Public hearing before Senate Law and Public Safety Committee: Senate committee substitute for Assembly concurrent resolution no. 2 and Senate concurrent resolution no. 86 : proposes amendment to Constitution regarding parental notification for medical or surgical procedures or treatments relating to pregnancy to be performed on minor children. The Committee, 2001.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1990: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 5269 which ... was referred to the Committees on the Judiciary, and concurrently to the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Education and Labor, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and the Committee on Ways and Means ...) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1990: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 5269 which ... was referred to the Committees on the Judiciary, and concurrently to the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Education and Labor, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and the Committee on Ways and Means ...) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Concurrent crimes"
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Soler, Christopher. "Concurrent State Obligations." In The Global Prosecution of Core Crimes under International Law. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-335-1_17.
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Fokas, Nikos, Gábor Jelenfi, and Róbert Tardos. "Cognitive Maps, Cultural Distances and National Stereotypes in Times of Crises: Comparing Greece and Hungary." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11574-5_6.
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AbstractThis chapter centres on polarised rearrangements of the imageries of ‘Others’ both in the Greek and the Hungarian public, during a period witnessing the impacts of the global financial crisis and the so-called ‘refugee crisis.’ We examined varieties of imageries of ‘Others’ in crisis situations, based on an online survey that was conducted in parallel in Greece and Hungary. Concurrently, we analysed the auto-stereotypical features of Greeks and Hungarians, along with their hetero-stereotype characteristics concerning some key nationalities (Americans, Arabs, Germans and Russians) to capture emerging patterns of sympathies, perceived skills and cultural distances. We found a substantial core of positive expressive auto-stereotypes among the Greek population. Hungarian auto-stereotypes reflected somewhat more instrumental-oriented self-images. The cognitive maps outlined by the two-mode network methodology displayed groupings of nationalities with related stereotypical attributes, such as ‘Western,’ ‘Eastern’ or ‘Peripheral.’ We also examined the beliefs of certain segments of the overall population depending on their exposure to financial and refugee crises. Media analyses of various activity domains conducted correspondingly for the respective countries highlighted substantial shifts between pre- and post-crisis patterns regarding both these countries’ positions and their characteristic features, as portrayed in the Greek and the Hungarian public discourse.
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Zapata-Barrero, Ricard. "Concluding Remarks: Applying Med-Thinking Proviso to Set a Research Agenda on Mediterranean Migrations." In Migrations in the Mediterranean. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42264-5_24.
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AbstractQuickly reviewing images on “Mediterranean migrations” in Google Analytics (November 2022) and even going through Google Scholar Analytics, we can infer several premises. First, negative aspects by far dominate the public representation and research narrative over the positive ones, ruled by the same rhetoric most governments have constructed: crisis and instability, Mediterranean “dis-ordered” migration. This may invite us to reflect on the extent to which a research agenda, which is too often conflict-driven, may fuel mainstream policies and hegemonic reactive governance narratives. This concurrency between the political, the media and the social negative agenda is denounced by most of the contributions, and there is a general claim for a more encouraging or at least independent Mediterranean migrations agenda from scholars, highly contaminated by political decisions. The contributions in this co-edited volume provide a range of insights that can help shape this alternative narrative in Google. Ultimately, what this volume shows is that any research on Mediterranean migrations necessarily becomes critical, (quasi)activist, because any researcher is engaged against the dominant narrative wall.
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Wylie, Lindsey E., and Sarah Hubner. "Aging in the Criminal Justice System." In The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology and the Law. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197549513.013.30.
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Abstract Adults aged 65 and older are the fastest growing subpopulation in the United States. Concurrent with general-population aging is a commensurate rise in the number of older adults involved in the criminal justice system, as both offenders and incarcerated individuals. Although older adults commit fewer and less serious crimes than younger adults, the proportion of older inmates continues to increase. This demographic shift precipitates rising costs, primarily associated with health care and end of life. To ensure older inmates’ safety and meet legal requirements, facilities will have to make physical and social accommodations. These improvements, aimed at developing age-competent systems for adults, may also extend to reformation of policy and practices. However, research on older adults and aging within the criminal justice system is notably lacking. Thus, future studies should expand on the understanding of this aging experience, ultimately aiming to improve the aging crisis in U.S. correctional facilities.
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Wills, David. "The Time of the Trap Door." In Killing Times. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823283521.003.0003.
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This chapter offers an examination of the refining of the instant of execution that takes place with the introduction of trap door gallows in the seventeenth century and, more spectacularly and explicitly, in the late eighteenth century with the French Revolution and the guillotine. The death penalty is thereby distinguished from torture and a post-Enlightenment conception of punishment is introduced, lasting to the present. But the guillotine is bloody, and that underscores a complex visuality of the death penalty that also obtains during the same time period, playing out across diverse genres such as the execution sermon, political and scientific discourses relating to the guillotine, Supreme Court descriptions of crimes, and practices of an entity such as the Islamic State. What develops concurrent with the guillotine—yet remains constant through all those examples--is a form of realist photographic visuality.
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Knoops, Geert-Jan Alexander, and Sara Pedroso. "Introductory Note." In The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2020. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197618721.003.0032.
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The International Criminal Court (ICC) has experienced a burgeoning of activity in 2019, including new beginnings, such as the start of pre-trial proceedings against co-accused, Messrs. Alfred Yekatom and Ngaïssona, the commencement of trial in the case against Mr. Al Hassan, and the Pre-trial Chamber’s authorisation that an investigation be launched for the alleged crimes committed against the Rohingya in the Situation in Bangladesh/Myanmar. Two landmark acquittals were pronounced in early 2019 in the case against both Mr. Laurent Gbagbo and Mr. Charles Blé Goudé, culminating from no case to answer proceedings launched by the defence the previous year, and litigation went underway in the context of Mr. Jean-Pierre Bemba’s compensation claim following his acquittal by the Appeals Chamber, raising novel issues relating to the interpretation of Article 85 of the Rome Statute. The Court stirred controversy in unanimously rejecting the Prosecutor’s request to proceed with an investigation into alleged crimes against humanity and war crimes committed on the territory of Afghanistan, extending among others to the conduct of US troops, in the context of renewed pressures from the United States imposing sanctions against ICC staff. Further controversy arose from the Appeals Chamber’s confirmation of the Pre-Trial Chamber’s order in the Comoros case, whereby the Prosecutor was yet again ordered to review its decision to not investigate the situation. Additionally, judges’ independence and impartiality were at the heart of debates in the cases of Mr. Al Hassan and Mr. Ntaganda, whereby the respective defence teams launched recusal requests on the basis of certain judges’ concurrent professional activities and statements.
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Guilfoyle, Douglas. "12. Modes of participation in crimes and concurrence of crimes." In International Criminal Law (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198728962.003.0012.
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Riezu, Antonio Cuerda. "Concurrence of Offences." In Elgar Encyclopedia of Crime and Criminal Justice. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781789902990.concurrence.of.offences.
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Huertas-Noble, Carmen, Missy Risser-Lovings, and Christopher Adams. "Scaling Worker Cooperatives as an Economic Justice Tool for Communities in Crises." In Crisis Lawyering. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479801701.003.0011.
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We face a multitude of concurrent crises today acutely manifesting among marginalized communities. Too many lives are threatened by economic insecurity, food insecurity, ubiquitous surveillance, and the constant threat of violence perpetuated or endorsed by the state. All are created by a brutal system that perpetuates itself by controlling the ultimate unrenewable resources—health and time—and are further exacerbated by racial animus. This chapter identifies challenges and responses that attorneys may experience when embracing an integrative lawyering approach in partnership with conceivers of large-scale economic development projects that operationalize principles of economic democracy in the form of cooperatively owned and governed union co-ops that center labor as sovereign and serve as bulwarks against the rapacious excesses of our political and economic systems.
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"CHAPTER NINE: CAUSES, CONSERVATION AND CONCURRENCE." In The Crisis of Causality. BRILL, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004247208_011.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Concurrent crimes"
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Doonan, Samantha, Olivia Laramie, Jessica Liu, Marianne Sarkis, and Julie Johnson. "Unexpected Public Health Emergencies—A Descriptive Analysis of Trends in the Massachusetts Medical and Adult-use Cannabis Markets." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.49.
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In the United States (U.S.), access to legal cannabis through regulated state markets is rapidly changing, but little is known about consumer behavior when states with legal access choose to restrict access due to public health or safety concerns. This exploratory study examines the Massachusetts recreational (“adult-use”) and medical cannabis markets before and during two major public health crises that changed consumer access: (1) the e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (“EVALI”) crisis and state requirements to stop vape product sales in the adult-use and medical markets from 9/24/2019-12/12/2019, and (2) the SARS-CoV-2 (“COVID-19”) crisis and state emergency order that temporarily halted all adult-use retail sales but not medical sales from 3/24/20-5/24/20. We used the Massachusetts seed-to-sale tracking system (i.e., Metrc) to run descriptive statistics examining medical sales for patients and all adult-use sales across the largest product segments: buds, vapes and concentrate (each), edibles, and other categories (i.e., prerolls, concentrate, infused nonedible, infused beverage, kief, shake/trim, suppository) spanning May 2019-December 2020. To account for classification changes in the dataset, sales for vape products and concentrate (each) product were summed into a single category. We further examined trends in registered patients and “per patient” spending across cannabis product types (i.e., monthly sales per product category divided by monthly registered patients). Our findings showed a decline in market share for the vape and concentrate (each) product category in the adult and medical markets during the EVALI crisis when sales were halted, while buds, followed by edibles and other products increased in market share during this time. After vape products could be sold again, the market share of vape and concentrate (each) products rose but did not return to pre-EVALI levels. We did not observe an overall shift in market share by product type in the medical market during the COVID-19 adult-use store closure. Although gross medical sales trended upward, increases in the medical market did not account for the vast majority of prior spending in the adult-use market during the market’s closure. The number of registered active patients also trended upward. From December 2020 to December 2021, there was a 56% increase in patients (59,173 to 92,148 patients), and we observed a marked increase following the temporary halt of adult-use sales. During and prior to halted adult-use sales, we observed an increase in per patient monthly spending for cannabis products. This was particularly salient for buds. Per patient monthly spending for buds peaked in May 2020. Study limitations include a single state sample and that this study does not examine changes to the illicit market. We cannot make any causal claims and any long-term implications of trends observed during the EVALI and COVID-19 crises are unknown. Our exploratory findings suggest that there are a range of consumer responses in the legal market in response to temporary loss of access, including evidence of consumers changing legal markets (i.e., adult-use to medical) and changing product types. More research is needed, particularly to understand potential concurrent changes in the illicit market during these crises.
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Algan, Neşe, Erhan İşcan, Duygu Serin Oktay, and Duygu Kara. "Impact of Energy Price Volatility on Macroeconomic Performance." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01892.
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Last two decades witnessed increasingly volatile international markets with the many financial crises. Concurrently, volatility in energy prices and energy markets cause various adverse impacts on both national and world economies. Especially this volatility affected emerging markets and increased the fragility of the emerging economies. Because of the adverse impacts of this volatility, understanding the price behavior and impact of volatility of energy prices on economy became crucial for every economic agent in the economy including policy makers in the governments, consumers, and producers. The relationship between energy prices and macroeconomic performance has been studied widely as a consequence its long term macroeconomic impacts to world economies. Differently, the aim of this study is analyzing the effect of energy price volatility on macroeconomic indicators of Turkey. For that purpose, we employed a GARCH model to investigate effect of energy price volatility on macroeconomic performance for Turkey from 2002 to 2016. We use various energy prices and macroeconomic indicators data for the period from January 2002 to December 2016, obtained from the IFS and CBRT-EDDS. By applying GARCH methodology to various energy prices and macroeconomic indicators, we contribute to the understanding of price volatility in energy markets, and suggest policies that would be of use to policy makers in the governments, consumers, and producers.
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Al-Hassawi, Omar, and David Drake. "Sustainable Design Accelerator: Infusing Entrepreneurship and Evidence-based Design into Architecture Pedagogy." In 110th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.110.36.
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Development of systems-level thinking and an entrepreneurial mindset is invaluable to prepare architecture program graduates for challenges posed by the global climate crisis. This paper reports initial results from the Sustainable Design Accelerator, a funded project within our Master of Architecture program to advance student skill sets through entrepreneurship and evidence-based design. Prior to this project, our students valued entrepreneurship but lacked curricular opportunities despite recent faculty experience in the area. Additionally, existing courses on sustainability provided only a broad overview of sustainable design principles, with little opportunity for hand-on exploration. By stacking a lab course and a studio course, a semester-long sequence was created, introducing and applying a comprehensive suite of digital and analog tools for entrepreneurship and evidence-based design. In the lab course, tool introduction and application occurred within the context of a design challenge to produce innovative and marketable passive cooling system prototypes, while in the concurrent studio course, students applied tools to calculate environmental impacts at a whole building scale for proposed designs of a multi-family housing community. Both courses featured workshops by national experts in entrepreneurial studies and product life cycle assessment, as well as reviews by practicing architects specializing in environmental stewardship. In addition to direct assessment of learning outcomes, exit surveys were used to assess student perceptions of knowledge depth and the value of newly acquired skills. Survey results and faculty observations resulted in modifications to a second iteration of the Sustainable Design Accelerator, to be delivered Spring 2022.
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Keogh, Sarah. "Embedded and Hopeful: A Curriculum for Change." In 2021 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2021.14.
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The next generation of architects will face unprecedented challenges involving ecological collapse as well as related issues of culturally embedded social and political inequities. Architectural education has a key role to play in addressing this ongoing environmental crisis. Site-specific social and environmental design approaches need to become a core part of our undergraduate architectural curriculum. Students tend not to gain enough experience working within multidisciplinary teams and collaborating with community stakeholders, especially early in their design education, and both of these experiences can offer students an expanded set of skills and understandings that can help them to mediate local social and environmental complexities. This paper exemplifies a learning approach in which architecture students work with students from a variety of other disciplines to create design proposals for the transformation a failing mall into a local sustainability hub. Students work through concurrent social and ecological goals throughout their design experience, and through cross-disciplinary team-work, the students learn to examine sustainability and social agendas through different disciplinary lenses. The students also benefit from an immersive learning approach. Community members and local business groups involve the students in discourses which help students to define project goals to better address local social and environmental issues. This exposure to actual local needs provides a cognitive and ethical foundation for the students’ design approach. As our design settings become increasingly more complex and volatile, with social issues of inequity at the fore of escalating ecological issues, the architects who face these challenges will need to be capable of working within and mediating a myriad of local complexities. Through a critical examination of this course’s learning outcomes, this paper demonstrates a potential trajectory for a hopeful architectural design pedagogy, one that can better address a future shadowed by the implications of climate change.
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Fischer, Andre. "New transmedia design for traditional film festivals." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.121.
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The disruptive transformations process in the audiovisual sector were unexpectedly accelerated after the covid-19 pandemic. This caused a rearrangement in the chain of the distribution, exhibition and circulation, thus restructuring the whole design of film festivals, once considered the launching point of this entire industry and strongly based on specific physical locations. Streaming has become the main way in which image and sound content are distributed. Entertainment became multiplatform and interactive, changing the way in which narratives are structured, and these contents are produced and consumed. The convergence of media made porous the boundaries between what are conventionally called video, cinema, theater and performance. The platformization process permanently changed the traditional model of audiovisual distribution, staffing and curation of festivals - which undergo a hybridization operation that allows the potential use of interactive resources and online delivery of movies, plays and performances to audiences all around the globe. To understand the potential of transformations, the study investigates in depth the experience of MixBrasil Festival, largest LGBTQIA+ cultural event in Latin America, created in 1993, showcasing multiple formats and techniques (cinema, theater, music, literature). With digital content being programmed since 2018, in 2020 it expanded its online exhibition to four different digital platforms. The study is carried out concurrently with the monitoring of MixBrasil and other film festivals held in Brazil, considering what strategies are being adopted and how they will stand out as innovative - or just replications of the traditional movie theater model. It also aims to identify processes, paths and perspectives for the sector considering that the old template for launching films used since the 1950´s might no longer be applicable to the current state of the industry. Facts and trends that are forcing these events to face a crisis of identity and questioning the viability of a (still) prestigious circuit. Platformization implies the adoption of online functionalities integrated at economic and infrastructure levels which fully affects the organization strategies of festivals. Therefore, a change in the way of thinking the place of film festivals in the industry chain is in progress: as a possible space for capturing data from the public to support future curatorships and permanent actions which would make them more dynamic and relevant. Associated with this process is the notion of attention economy and the reorientation of users as active producers of culture, in the way they can affect the hybrid future of festivals. Metrics recurrently used like engagement, geolocation, retention and abandon rates are necessary to identify obstacles and potentialities that the new scenario presents. The research is raising additional questions about the behavior and expectations of different age groups, the motivations of audiences for attending festivals. It also investigates why although movie theaters are closing, distributors keep restrictions on festival theatrical screenings. This is a unique opportunity to reflect on perspectives for audiovisual festivals in order to capture viewers' attention, reposition their relevance to society, get the (re)cognition of different audiences and forge new experiences.
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Fischer, Andre. "Nuevo diseño transmedia para festivales de cine tradicionales." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.121.g195.
Full textAbstract:
El proceso de transformaciones disruptivas en el sector audiovisual se aceleró inesperadamente después de la pandemia del covid-19. Esto provocó un reordenamiento en la cadena de distribución, exhibición y circulación, reestructurando así todo el diseño de los festivales de cine, una vez considerado el punto de lanzamiento de toda esta industria y fuertemente basado en ubicaciones físicas específicas. El streaming se ha convertido en la principal forma de distribución de contenido de imagen y sonido. El entretenimiento se volvió multiplataforma e interactivo, cambiando la forma en que se estructuran las narrativas y estos contenidos se producen y consumen. La convergencia de los medios hizo borrosos los límites entre lo que convencionalmente se llama video, cine, teatro y performance. El proceso de plataformización cambió permanentemente el modelo tradicional de distribución audiovisual, dotación de personal y comisariado de festivales, que se someten a una operación de hibridación que permite el uso potencial de recursos interactivos y la entrega en línea de películas, obras de teatro y representaciones a audiencias de todo el mundo. Para comprender el potencial de las transformaciones, este estudio investiga en profundidad la experiencia del Festival MixBrasil, el evento cultural LGBTQIA+ más grande de América Latina, creado por mí en 1993, mostrando múltiples formatos y técnicas (cine, teatro, música y literatura). Con contenido digital en programación desde 2018, en 2020 amplió su exhibición en línea a cuatro plataformas digitales diferentes. El estudio se lleva a cabo de manera concurrente con el seguimiento de MixBrasil y otros festivales de cine realizados en Brasil, considerando qué estrategias se están adoptando y cómo se destacarán como innovadoras, o simplemente réplicas del modelo tradicional de cine. También busca identificar procesos, caminos y perspectivas para el sector, considerando que la antigua plantilla de lanzamiento de películas utilizada desde la década de 1950 podría no ser aplicable al estado actual de la industria, hechos y tendencias que están obligando a estos eventos a afrontar una crisis de identidad y cuestionando la viabilidad de un circuito (aún) prestigioso. La plataformización implica la adopción de funcionalidades online integradas a nivel económico y de infraestructura, lo que incide de lleno en las estrategias de organización de los festivales. Por lo tanto, se avanza en un cambio en la forma de pensar el lugar de los festivales de cine en la cadena de la industria, como un posible espacio de captura de datos del público para apoyar futuras curadurías y acciones permanentes que los harían más dinámicos y relevantes. Asociado a este proceso está la noción de economía de la atención y la reorientación de los usuarios como productores activos de cultura, en la forma en que pueden incidir en el futuro híbrido de los festivales. Las métricas utilizadas de forma recurrente, como las tasas de compromiso, geolocalización, retención y abandono, son necesarias para identificar los obstáculos y las potencialidades que presenta el nuevo escenario. La investigación plantea preguntas adicionales sobre el comportamiento, las expectativas de diferentes grupos de edad y las motivaciones de las audiencias para asistir a festivales. También investiga por qué, aunque las salas de cine están cerrando, los distribuidores mantienen restricciones sobre las proyecciones en las salas de festivales. Esta es una oportunidad única para reflexionar sobre las perspectivas de los festivales audiovisuales, con el fin de captar la atención de los espectadores, reposicionar su relevancia para la sociedad, obtener el (re)conocimiento de diferentes públicos y forjar nuevas experiencias.
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Červinka, David, Barbora Sulíková, Lucie Vondrackova, and Eva Adamovska. "Comprehensive System of Post-Accident Care in the Czech Republic - A Qualitative Study." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003805.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objectiveEvery road traffic accident has the potential to be a traumatic event and may result in significant disruption to the psychological integrity of the people involved. The impact of a road traffic accident can adversely affect the quality of mental and physical health and subsequently interfere with many areas of one's social life.This qualitative study aims to map post-accident psychological care in the Czech Republic in its entirety, from short-term psychological first aid (PPP) at the scene of a traffic accident to long-term psychotherapeutic care. The focus is on identifying weaknesses and strengths in the system of care provided, with an emphasis on describing the connection between each level of care. MethodsData collection was based on semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The survey sample consisted of experts whose practice involves providing some form of psychological care to road accident participants. The study involved 41 interviews with 39 experts and 3 focus groups with a total of 18 experts. The audio and audiovisual recordings were then transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis method. Results Based on interviews with experts, a shift forward in the overall concern for the psychological state of those involved in traffic accidents was observed in comparison to the past. The Integrated Rescue System plays a significant role in the field of post-accident care. In particular, systematic educational activities are carried out within these units, which increase the motivation and quality of the psychological care provided by the responding emergency units. The establishment of intervention teams within hospital facilities was identified as an essential step in terms of short-term psychological care for physically injured individuals.The limitations of the current approach to short-term care are seen by many experts in the fact that intervention at the scene of a traffic accident is mainly provided to victims of serious traffic accidents who show obvious signs of traumatisation. The assessment of the situation with regard to contacting a crisis interventionist is based on objective criteria of the severity of the traffic accident, which are most often assessed by the police patrol or the intervention commander. In this respect, there is therefore a risk that psychological care will not be available, for example, to those involved in less serious accidents, but who are at a comparable risk of psychological traumatisation. The individuals who caused the accident are also a neglected group. A significant drawback of the current post-accident care system is the availability of follow-up care. The centres are unevenly spread over the country, and in the case of psychological care covered by health insurance companies, clients face long waiting times or financial difficulties in the case of private care. The experts interviewed all concurred that some potential clients are not captured by the aftercare system also because there is a general lack of public education about mental health, the potential impact of a traumatic event, and the options for aftercare. In some regions, post-accident care is tied to a specific individual who promotes or provides it. With their departure from the centre, there is then an insufficient continuation of activities. ConclusionsThe qualitative analysis of the collected data revealed the functional aspects of the current system of post-accident care and at the same time pointed out its shortcomings. The activities of the integrated rescue system providing short-term care directly at the accident scenes were described as highly functional. The limitations of the system are the difficulty in accessing follow-up care, the continuity and insufficient cooperation of the entities providing short-term and long-term care. In the current form of post-accident care, the problem at the most fundamental level is the absence of a systemically based and well communicated concept of post-accident care that would ensure widely accessible care for all those in need. There is no simple and well-connected system in terms of continuity and follow-up care.